WO2018011364A2

WO2018011364A2 - Fuse, particularly for a consumer

Info

Publication number: WO2018011364A2
Application number: PCT/EP2017/067750
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas HAMMA; Matthias Reckermann; Robert Hasenfratz; Michael Günther ZEYEN; Dietmar Bytzek; Günter Uhl
Original assignee: Marquardt Gmbh; VANCOM GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2016-07-15
Filing date: 2017-07-13
Publication date: 2018-01-18
Also published as: WO2018011364A3; DE102017006519A1; EP3485554A2; DE102017006520A1; WO2018011365A1; EP3485553A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuse (6) for arranging in an electrical supply line (5) of a consumer (4), said fuse (6) comprising a fuse element and a retainer for said fuse element. A means (8) is provided for modifying the characteristic curve and/or for influencing the trigger characteristic for said fuse element.

Description

Security, especially for a consumer

The invention relates to a fuse according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such fuses are used in particular in the power supply for an electrical consumer.

The electrical load is connected to its power supply via an electrical

Supply line with an electrical power source, for example, connected to a battery. In the electrical supply line of the consumer, a fuse is arranged, wherein the fuse comprises a securing element and a holder for the securing element. The fuse is used to protect the voltage source and / or the connected consumer. In unfavorable situations and / or unfavorable conditions, however, conditions may arise in which the fuse can no longer react within the required time, so that the reliability is impaired. There is then the risk of impairment and / or destruction of the voltage source and / or the consumer, for example by a fire in the voltage source and / or in the supply line and / or in the consumer.

The invention has for its object to further develop the backup such that the reliability is improved. This object is achieved in a generic fuse by the characterizing features of claim 1.

In the fuse according to the invention a means for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic for the fuse element is provided. Advantageously, thereby the characteristic and / or the

Adjusting tripping characteristic of the fuse element of the particular situation and / or the respective state, whereby an impairment and / or destruction of the voltage source and / or the consumer is encountered even under unfavorable conditions. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a cost effective manner, it may be at the fuse element to a

Act fuse. The fuse may in turn comprise a fuse wire. Conveniently, the securing element can be configured as a component with end-side electrical connection elements. In particular, it may be advantageous for the component to be cylindrical, cuboidal, prismatic or the like, and / or the connection elements to be designed in the manner of connection caps. The holder may have a contact element for receiving the connection element and a connection to the electrical supply line. For a simple arrangement of the

Fuse element in the holder, the contact element resiliently, screwed o. The like. Be configured.

In a further refinement, the means for changing the characteristic curve and / or for influencing the tripping characteristic can comprise a heat source in thermal connection with the fuse element. As a result, the fuse element can be acted upon by thermal energy. In particular, the fuse can be acted upon by the introduced into the molten wire heat with thermal energy. For this purpose, the heat source may expediently comprise an electrical heating element arranged on the contact element. Thus, the reliability for the securing means is increased in a simple manner. In another embodiment, the means for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic arranged in the fuse element

Include heat source. This is the fuse element with heat energy

acted upon. In particular, the fuse can be acted upon by the introduced into the molten wire heat with thermal energy. For this can

expediently the heat source comprise a built-in fuse element electric heating wire. Such a configuration is characterized by special

Compactness.

In yet another embodiment, the means for changing the characteristic and / or for influencing the tripping characteristic comprise a cold source which is in thermal connection with the fuse element and / or arranged in the fuse element. As a result, the fuse element can be acted upon with cold. In particular, the fuse can be cooled by the introduced into the fuse wire cooling.

The heat and / or cold source may be a Peltier element.

This makes it possible to achieve a particularly sensitive change in the characteristic curve and / or influencing the tripping characteristic for the fuse element.

The fuse element may be operable as a shunt resistor. As a result, the electrical current flowing in the supply line can be determined on the basis of a measurement of the electrical voltage drop across the shunt resistor. This can be a

Contacting element for measuring the electrical voltage drop across the shunt resistor with the connection element in electrical contact. Conveniently, the contacting element can be arranged in the region of the contact element as well as electrically insulated relative to the contact element. Thus, the functionality of the

Fuse element extended without significant additional costs.

In a further embodiment, the state of the fuse element can be diagnosed on the basis of the voltage drop measured at the shunt resistor and / or the holder. In particular, depending on the measured voltage drop, the state of the fuse can be determined. For example, hereby the quality of the Fuse of the fuse and / or the quality of the contact can be determined by means of the contact elements. Consequently, the securing means offers a further extension of the functionality without additional costs.

In order to take into account the temperature prevailing in the fuse for the

Changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic for the fuse element, a temperature sensor can be arranged on the fuse element and / or on the holder. Conveniently, the temperature sensor in the

Be integrated bracket. This is in a simple manner by means of

Temperature sensor, the temperature of the fuse element measurable. In a cost effective and reliable manner, it may be appropriate that the temperature sensor as an NTC resistor, as a PTC sensor, as a semiconductor temperature sensor o. The like.

is designed.

For a particularly preferred embodiment of the fuse according to the invention is to be determined below.

In electromechanical distribution systems for an electrical voltage source, for example of battery systems, electrical loads with large electrical switches, for example by means of relay, contactor o. The like., Switched. In dangerous

Situations that can result from accidents and / or incorrect operating conditions, the battery systems before battery burn and / or outside the

Battery system systems are protected against line and / or consumer fire. The protection can be done with known security elements.

The fuses must be operated safely as long as the energy source can supply sufficient energy. The unfavorable situations in energy systems, such as batteries, however, arise under conditions in which this no longer provides the required energy. This means that the fuses can no longer react within the required times. This causes enormous expenses in the subsequent systems. The idea is to equip the fuse with a heat source. This means that one initiates targeted heat in the fuse wire. As a result, a heat accumulation in the fuse can be achieved even under unfavorable conditions, whereby a melting of the securing thread is achieved. Unfavorable condition means that the energy source can not provide the required energy. This measure directly influences the fuse characteristic. This influence has effects on the downstream systems. Alternatively, the fuse may also be equipped with a cold source for introducing cold into the fuse wire.

Furthermore, the fuse is also operated as a shunt resistor. This means you measure the voltage drop across this shunt resistor and can thus determine the flowing electrical current. Depending on this current value, it is possible to infer the condition of the fuse

- the quality of the safety fuse of the fuse,

- the quality of the contact system of the fuse

is detectable.

What is thus created is a fuse, in particular a high-current fuse, with a variable characteristic and / or diagnosis having the following properties:

- Diagnostic fuse.

Fuse as a shunt element.

Fuse with variable characteristic.

Also provided is a fuse holder for a fuse, in particular for a high-current fuse, having the following properties:

- External electrical heating of the fuse.

- Interchangeable security element.

Use of the fuse element as a current measuring shunt.

An important constraint of the solution according to the invention is that the fuse must trigger very rarely. If it comes to a triggering of the fuse, it is required that the securing element can be replaced. The fuse holder for a replaceable fuse, in particular a high-current Sclimelzsicherung should be designed so that even over long periods of operation, especially with high currents, ensures that there is no critical contact resistance, which otherwise cause massive heating of the arrangement between the Securing element and the contacts of the fuse holder comes.

Another, as far as possible to be met boundary condition is that the actual, especially changeable, fuse element differs only slightly from the fuse element commonly used today. In particular, this should apply to the mechanical design, contacting, manufacture, etc.

The fuse function of the fuse element is identical to the function of a fuse according to the prior art with all the known properties. Among other things, these fuses have very long tripping times at low overcurrents, for example at 1 10% of the rated fuse current. In addition, the fuse element by an external heating in the contact elements of the

Fuse holder integrated heating elements for triggering, i. to be melted. The heating elements are preferably activated when through

Monitoring devices, for example via a measurement of the load current,

Shutdown criteria are detected.

In addition, the fuse element is designed to have a defined and known behavior of its electrical resistance. This can be determined by measuring the voltage drop across the fuse element flowing through the fuse current. In addition, a poor contact of the fuse element in the fuse holder can be detected in this way.

If an evaluation of the voltage drops with known fuse resistance is not sufficient, it is optionally possible to determine the temperature of the fuse element, for example via a temperature sensor integrated in the fuse holder. In summary, therefore, the following features in the inventive

Assured fuse or the battery system according to the invention:

- Influencing the tripping characteristic of a standard fuse by external heating and / or cooling.

Monitoring the contact resistance of the fuse contact via the

Lifetime and / or after fuse replacement and, if necessary, shutdown of the current path in critical operating conditions.

- Use of the known ohmic resistance of a fuse as a measuring shunt for measuring the load current. Optionally, an additional measurement of the

Fuse temperature and the interruption of the current path at critical

Operating conditions, such as overcurrent o. The like., By triggering the fuse by means of external heating.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular in the following:

- A proven technique can be used.

- Low electrical currents, which are only slightly above the rated current, can be protected.

- The characteristic of the fuse "current over time" can be changed.

- The current measurement can be implemented with the fuse as a shunt element.

- The diagnosis of the fuse can be implemented with the fuse shunt element.

- There is a significant cost advantage achieved through the simple technique.

- There is a significant cost advantage in the following systems.

- The wiring can be reduced significantly in the cross sections, which in turn brings cost advantages.

An embodiment of the invention with various developments and

Embodiments is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it Fig. 1 is a consumer system with a fuse in a schematic view, Fig. 2 shows the fuse in front and in side view and Fig. 3 shows the electrical circuit arrangement for the fuse.

In Fig. 1, a consumer system 1 with an electrical load 4 can be seen. The consumer 4 is connected via a supply line 5 with an electrical voltage source 2 in electrical connection. As an electrical voltage source 2, a battery 3 is shown by way of example. Of course, the voltage source 2 may also be the mains voltage or the like. In the supply line 5, a fuse 6 is arranged.

The detailed embodiment of the fuse 6 shown only schematically in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. The fuse 6 comprises a securing element 6 'and a holder 6 "for the securing element 6'

Changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic provided.

The fuse element 6 'is in a further embodiment to a

Fuse. The fuse 6 'has a fuse wire 7, as shown schematically in FIG. 1. The means 8 for changing the characteristic comprises a heat source 10 which is in thermal connection with the securing element 6 '. As a result, the securing element 6' is driven by corresponding activation of the means 8

Heat energy acted upon. In particular, the fuse 6 'can be acted upon by heat introduced into the melting wire 7 with heat energy. Thus, the fuse 6 'even then functionally reliable operation, if the residual energy remaining in the battery 3 would not be sufficient for this purpose. In particular, thus the fuse 6 in the manner of acceleration can be influenced, so that their missing and / or creeping off is prevented.

As can be further seen with reference to FIG. 2, the securing element 6 'as a cylindrical component with end-side electrical connection elements 12 in the manner of Connection caps designed. The holder 6 "in turn has a resilient contact element 13 for receiving the connection element 12 and a connection 14 to the electrical supply line 5. With the aid of the resilient contact element 13, the securing element 6 'is arranged in the holder 6" by clamping, so that the securing element 6 'is easily replaceable. The electrical voltage is thereby from the terminal 14 via the contact element 13 to the holder 6 "to

Connection element 12 of the fuse element 6 'is supplied. If desired, the securing element 6 'can also be screwed or the like can be fastened in the holder 6 ".

The heat source 10 comprises an electrical heating element 10 arranged on the holder 6 "or on the contact element 13. The heating element 10 is located directly on the

Contact element 13, so that a good thermal connection 9 is provided to the securing element 6 '. However, it is also conceivable that the means 8 for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic in the fuse element 6 'arranged heat source 10 for acting on the fuse element 6' with

Thermal energy includes. For example, for this purpose, the heat source 10 a in

Fuse element 6 'built-in electric heating wire include, but this is not shown.

Furthermore, the means 8 for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic also with the fuse element 6 'in thermal

Compound 9 standing cold source include. The fuse element 6 'is then acted upon with cold, and indeed the fuse 6' can be cooled by the introduced into the fuse wire 7 cold. Thus, the fuse 6 can be influenced in the manner of a delay, so that their premature release is prevented. As a heat and / or cold source for the means 8 for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic, a Peltier element is particularly suitable. A Peltier element can be operated in the desired manner for heating and / or for cooling.

Furthermore, the fuse element 6 'as a shunt resistor operable. As a result, the electric current flowing in the supply line 5 is determined by means of a measurement 1 1 of the electrical voltage drop across the shunt resistor 6 'can be determined. For measuring 1 1 of the electrical voltage drop across the shunt resistor 6 'is a contacting element 15 with the connection element 12 in electrical contact. As can be seen in more detail in FIG. 2, the contacting element 15 is arranged in the region of the contact element 13 and electrically insulated relative to the contact element 13 by passing the contacting element 15 through an opening 16 in the contact element 13 and at a distance from the contact element 13.

Based on the shunt resistor 6 'and / or the holder 6 "measured

Spanungsabfalls is further the state of the fuse element 6 'diagnosed. In particular, depending on the measured voltage drop, the state of the fuse 6 ', namely the quality of the fuse filament 7 of the fuse 6' and / or the quality of the contact elements 13 of the fuse 6 'can be determined.

Finally, a temperature sensor 17 may be arranged on the securing element 6 'so that the temperature of the securing element 6' can be measured by means of the temperature sensor 17. Taking into account the current temperature of the fuse element 6 'is then a sensitive control of the means 8 for changing the characteristic and / or the

Influencing the tripping characteristic allows. Preferably, the

Temperature sensor 17 on the holder 6 "arranged, for example, in the holder 6" integrated. The temperature sensor 17 may be configured as an NTC resistor, a PTC sensor, a semiconductor temperature sensor, or the like.

Below is a more detailed description of the fuse 6 and their operation will be given.

As can be seen in Fig. 2, the fuse (Si) 6 'is preferably as a cylindrical component with the electrical connection caps 12 at the two ends of the

Device formed, similar to a known fuse with a diameter of about 5 mm and a length of about 20 mm. If desired, the fuse can also be a cuboidal component having a rectangular cross-section of, for example, 50 mm × 50 mm and a length of, for example, 100 be designed mm. Of course, the fuse also another suitable design, such as a prismatic shape, with appropriate

Dimensions have. The fuse wire 7 of the fuse element 6 'is optimized in its electrical resistance Rsi (see Fig. 3) to this as a measuring shunt to

To use current measurement.

The fuse holder 6 "consists of metallic, resilient contact elements 13 with terminals (AI, A2) 14 to the load circuit (load current II), wherein the contact elements 13, the securing element (Si) 6 'engage around the terminal caps 12 and so the electrical contact between fuse holder and securing element 6 ', similar to the fuse holder for the known fuses described above. On both contact elements 13 electrical heating elements (Hei, He2) 10 are fixed, which are connected for example electrically in series. The fuse holder 6 "additionally contains two further contacting elements 15, which likewise touch the terminal caps 12 of the fuse element 6 '.These contacting elements 15 are arranged spatially in the area of the contact elements 13, but are electrically insulated from them For example, the voltage drop across the actual fuse element 6 'can be measured in the sense of a sense connection. <br /> Optionally, a temperature sensor (Ts) 17, for example configured as an NTC, is integrated into the fuse holder 6 ", via which the temperature of the NTC

Fuse element 6 'can be detected.

The electrical circuit diagram for the fuse 6 is shown in more detail in FIG. The load current II flows via the terminal (AI) 14 through the resistor Rio, which represents the electrical contact resistance between the first contact element 13 and the fuse element 6 ', through the resistor Rsi of the fuse element 6' and then through the resistor R, the electrical Contact resistance between the second

Contact element 13 and the fuse element 6 'represents the connection (A2) 14. At the terminals Asl and As2, the voltage drop Usi on the fuse element 6' can be measured. With known resistance Rsi so that the load current II can be determined. In a further computation step, the contact resistance RKI and RK2 of the contacting can then be determined from the total voltage drop UGes. With the optional temperature sensor (Ts) 17, the temperature of the fuse element 6 'and a temperature increase can be determined by the flowing load current II. For this purpose, the resistance RTS at the terminals Tsl and Ts2 of the temperature sensor 17 is measured.

The invention is not limited to the described and illustrated exemplary embodiment. Rather, it also encompasses all expert developments within the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Thus, the invention in any electrical consumer systems in the building services, in motor vehicles, in

Household appliances, in machine tools o. The like. Are used as well as in

Battery systems in which heat energy is generated, find use.

Reference symbol list: Consumer system

: (electrical) voltage source

: Battery

: Consumer

: Supply line

: Backup

': Fuse element / fuse / shunt resistor

": Bracket (for fuse element) / fuse holder

: Melting wire / safety thread

: Means for changing the characteristic and / or for influencing the

release characteristic

: thermal connection

0: heat source / heating element

1: Measurement of the voltage drop (at the shunt resistor)

2: Connection element (on securing element) / Connection cap 3: Contact element (on the holder)

4: Connection (to the bracket)

5: contacting element

6: breakthrough (in the contact element)

7: Temperature sensor

Claims

Patent claim:

1. fuse for arrangement in an electrical supply line (5) of a consumer (4) comprising a securing element (6 ') and a holder (6 ") for the securing element (6'), characterized in that a means (8) for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic for the securing element (6 ') is provided.

2. A fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the

Fuse element (6 ') to a fuse, which in particular a fuse wire (7), is that preferably the securing element (6') as a, in particular cylindrical, cuboid, prismatic o. The like., Component with end-side electrical connection elements (12) , in particular in the manner of connection caps, is configured, and further preferably that the holder (6 ") is a, in particular resilient, screwable o. The like., Contact element (13) for receiving the

Having connecting element (12) and a connection (14) to the electrical supply line (5).

3. fuse according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means (8) for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic with the fuse element (6 ') in thermal connection (9) stationary heat source (10), such that the securing element (6 ') can be acted upon with thermal energy, in particular that the fuse (6') can be acted upon by heat introduced into the melting wire (7) by heat energy, and that preferably the heat source (10) is arranged on the contact element (13) electrical heating element (10).

4. fuse according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the means (8) for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic in the fuse element (6 ') arranged heat source (10), such that the

Security element (6 ') can be acted upon with thermal energy, in particular that the

Fuse (6 ') by in the fuse wire (7) initiated heat with heat energy can be acted upon, and that preferably the heat source (10) in the

Fuse element (6 ') built-in electric heating wire comprises.

5. A fuse according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the means (8) for changing the characteristic and / or influencing the tripping characteristic with the fuse element (6 ') in thermal connection (9) standing / / or in the fuse element (6 ') arranged cold source, such that the fuse element (6') can be acted upon with cold, in particular that the fuse (6 ') is cooled by introduced into the fuse wire (7) cold.

6. Fuse according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is at the heat and / or cold source (10) is a Peltier element.

7. Fuse according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the securing element (6 ') is operable as a shunt resistor, such that in the supply line (5) flowing electrical current based on a measurement (1 1) of the electric Voltage drop across the shunt resistor (6 ') can be determined that preferably a contacting element (15) for measuring (1 1) of the electrical voltage drop across the shunt resistor (6') with the connection element (12) is in electrical contact, and that further Preferably, the contacting element (15) in the region of the contact element (13) and with respect to the contact element (13) is arranged electrically isolated.

8. Fuse according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that on the basis of the shunt resistor (6 ') and / or the holder (6 ") measured voltage drop, the state of the fuse element (6') can be diagnosed, in particular that in Depending on the measured voltage drop, the state of the fuse (6 '), as the quality of the securing thread (7) of the fuse (6') and / or the quality of the contacting by means of the contact elements (13), can be determined.

9. Fuse according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a temperature sensor (17) on the securing element (6 ') and / or on the holder (6 ") is arranged, in particular in the holder (6") is integrated, such that by means of Temperature sensor (17), the temperature of the fuse element (6 ') is measurable, and that preferably the temperature sensor (17) as an NTC resistor, as a PTC sensor, as a semiconductor temperature sensor o. The like. Is configured.