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WO2017182361A1 - Tubes métalliques sans soudure - Google Patents

Tubes métalliques sans soudure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017182361A1
WO2017182361A1 PCT/EP2017/058791 EP2017058791W WO2017182361A1 WO 2017182361 A1 WO2017182361 A1 WO 2017182361A1 EP 2017058791 W EP2017058791 W EP 2017058791W WO 2017182361 A1 WO2017182361 A1 WO 2017182361A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
hollow block
tube
density
forging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/058791
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christer ÅSLUND
Alain Honnart
Original Assignee
Metalvalue Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metalvalue Sas filed Critical Metalvalue Sas
Publication of WO2017182361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017182361A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a method for manufacturing of seamless metal tubes as well as seamless tubes manufactured with the method.
  • the invention relates to an improvement in the
  • WO 2006/045301 and EP 1814679 disclose a method starting with a thick-walled hollow block which is formed from a massive block.
  • the hollow block is then rolled and forged in several steps to a tube of the desired dimensions.
  • the massive block is pierced to produce a thick-walled hollow block.
  • This piercing step is a problem in the art. It is both complicated and expensive. Especially high alloyed materials as stainless steel and nickel alloys gives difficulties at piercing.
  • US 5,540,882 discloses a method for powder metallurgical manufacturing of a body having a through hole, for example a hollowed tool blank or thick-walled tube, providing a tube in an outer capsule, so that there is formed a space between the tube and the capsule filling the space between the tube and the capsule with a metal powder for forming a desired body closing the capsule hermetically compacting the closed capsule and its contents using hot isostatic compaction at a temperature exceeding 1000°C, so that the metal powder is compacted to complete density.
  • the method further comprises the step of hot working the capsule through at least forging or rolling.
  • seamless metal tube comprising the steps of: a. providing a capsule having the shape of a hollow block,
  • step(s) working the hollow block into a finished seamless tube in one or more steps, during which step(s) the density is increased to full density, whereby the cross sectional area of the hollow block is decreased at least with a factor 2.5.
  • the starting material for the further shaping has a fine grain structure compared to the traditional cast material with a coarse grain structure which is more sensitive to cracks.
  • a further advantage is that a capsule protects the powder and material inside the capsule, for instance from oxidation but also from cracking. The capsule serves to protect the material from cracking since the capsule takes up strain from subsequent shaping and forging steps.
  • the practice today is to use ingots as starting feed stock, which usually exhibits a coarse cast structure sensitive to cracks and also show lower hot ductility than a corresponding powder body.
  • Tubes for high temperature applications are also possible to manufacture.
  • the invention provides a desired possibility to obtain a starting material for the manufacture of seamless tubes, which material is free or essentially free of cracks and also has such a homogenous composition of the metal structure that it does not lead to cracks later in the operation steps.
  • cross section denotes an intersection of the hollow block and a plane.
  • the plane is perpendicular to the extension of the tube.
  • the cross sectional area is only the intersection where it comprises material, i.e. the middle hollow part of the hollow block is not a part of the cross sectional area.
  • a way to prepare a hollow billet for the further shaping steps such as for instance hot forging steps, which can for example consist of an apparatus which has an inner mandrel and two hammers which are operating towards each other and which are forging out the tube successively against the mandrel to a longer tube with a thinner wall.
  • the hollow billet is turned/rotated so each part of the circumference is subjected to the same deformation/shaping.
  • seamless metal tube comprising the steps of: a. providing a capsule having the shape of a hollow block,
  • the hole in the hollow block is a through hole.
  • the hole in the hollow block is a through hole.
  • hollow block is shaped as a tube with very thick walls.
  • the density is not 100 % of Theoretical Density (TD) after the hot isostatic pressing, but instead in the interval 95-98% of TD. This saves time and thereby cost regarding the hot isostatic press.
  • the density is increased in the next at least one densification steps to full density, i.e. close to 100% TD or as close to 100%TD as it is practical to achieve. It has been discovered that by decreasing the cross sectional area of the hollow block by a factor of at least 2.5 times after H IP the desired density, i.e. full density can be reached. The density obtained after such a compaction is close to 100% TD, or as close as it is possible to get in practice.
  • the capsule comprises an inner tube, an outer tube and two end caps, wherein the end caps are massive, i.e. not hollow.
  • at least one of the inner tube and the outer tube is a spiral welded tube.
  • the outer tube is a spiral welded tube. This embodiment has the advantage that the probability for crimps is reduced.
  • the capsule is adapted to forging the hollow block.
  • the capsule remains after step c) so that the capsule is still on the hollow body when the shaping starts.
  • the inner tube comprises at least one bellow shaped section.
  • the material inside the capsule depending on the material used for the capsule itself, the material inside the capsule, their temperature extension coefficients and so on it may happen that the inner part of the capsule is heated slower than the outer part during the HIP. If this is the case it may lead to that the inner part of the capsule is subjected to such a stress that it cracks.
  • a solution to this problem is to use an inner part of the capsule with one or more bellow shaped section which can be subjected to strain and expand so that the capsule does not crack.
  • Such an embodiment can be realized by using an inner tube in the capsule comprising at least one bellows shaped section.
  • the metal powder comprises carbon steel.
  • the metal powder comprises stainless steel.
  • the capsule can be filled with any metal powder or mixture of different metal powders and also additional additives. Tubes of stainless steel are considered to be difficult to manufacture using methods according to the state of the art.
  • the metal powder comprises at least one oxide which oxide has a melting point higher than the melting point of the elemental metal in the metal powder.
  • the oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide. Such an addition greatly improves the high temperature properties of the material and provides an excellent tube for high temperature applications.
  • the oxide has a melting point at least 100°C higher than the metal powder, wherein the oxide is stable at the melting point of the metal powder, and wherein the oxide does not react with the metal powder at the melting point of the metal powder.
  • the oxide is a metal oxide.
  • the oxide is the form of a powder with an average grain size smaller than 1 ⁇ .
  • the filled capsule is subjected to cold isostatic pressing before step c).
  • This step will make the process more economical by subjecting the material to CIP (cold isostatic pressing) before HIP (hot isostatic pressing). Then the density of the material increases before HIP and the heating time during the HIP process will be shorter, which gives a more economical process.
  • the density after step c) is in the interval 95-98 % TD, i.e. the density is less than 100% of TD after step c), the material is not compacted to full density. This makes the process more economical since the time in the H IP (hot isostatic press) can be reduced. In particular for large objects this is important. Examples of large objects include tubes and similar object.
  • the density after step c) should be 95% of TD or greater so that it is gas tight, however it should not be more than 98% of TD after step c). First this will reduce the time for the HIP which will make the process more economical.
  • the shaping using for instance forging in the following step will increase the density to full density, i.e. 100% of TD or close to 100% of TD.
  • the density and quality of the part is achieved by compacting so that the cross sectional area of the hollow block after H IP is reduced by a factor of 2.5. Any small porosity in the hollow body will disappear during subsequent shaping and forging. After the final densification the density will be full density and a skilled person knows how this desired full density can be reached for different materials and different shaping methods. As an additional precaution during shaping and forging there is the capsule which protects both against oxidation and cracking in difficult materials.
  • At least one of the ends of the hollow block is cut off.
  • an end part of the tube has to be cut of and discarded, a part can be cut off from at least one of the ends of the finished tube.
  • the hollow block is heated before the one or more steps in step d). After the HIP the material in the hollow block is hot, and in one embodiment this heat is utilized so that the hollow block does not have to be heated so much before the shaping steps. This makes the process more economical. It is of course also possible to let the hollow block cool down after HIP and then start the subsequent shaping.
  • step d) comprising forging.
  • Forging includes for instance hot forging.
  • step d) comprises radial forging in which an internal tool (mandrel) is inserted into the hollow block and at least two forging jaws act on the outer surface of the hollow block, wherein the hollow block is rotated and axially displaced during the idle stroke phase of the at least two forging jaws.
  • the forging jaws are working symmetrically and simultaneously on the hollow block so that the net force exerted on the mandrel is minimized.
  • the capsule is removed after step d) with the aid of at least one acid, preferably sulfuric acid.
  • at least one acid preferably sulfuric acid.
  • This is particularly suitable for steel with high corrosion resistance such as stainless steel.
  • AI2O3 is added between the capsule and the metal
  • AI2O3 is added on the inside of the capsule before it is filled with metal powder. This addition of AI2O3 is different from adding AI2O3 to the entire powder mixture in order to improve the high temperature properties of the finished tube.
  • the addition of a layer of AI2O3 inside the capsule is suitable for instance when manufacturing a tube comprising steel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de tubes métalliques sans soudure qui comprend les étapes consistant à : a) fournir une capsule ayant la forme d'un bloc creux, b) remplir la capsule avec une poudre métallique, c) soumettre la capsule remplie à une compression isostatique à chaud pour obtenir une densité de 95 % à 98 % de TD et obtenir un bloc creux, d) transformer le bloc creux en un tube continu fini en une ou plusieurs étapes, au cours desquelles la densité est augmentée jusqu'à une densité totale, en réduisant ce faisant la surface de section transversale du bloc creux d'au moins un facteur 2,5. Le bloc creux a une structure de grain fin par rapport au matériau coulé classique, qui a une structure de grain grossier et qui est plus sensible aux fissures. Une capsule protège la poudre et le matériau à l'intérieur de la capsule, par exemple contre l'oxydation mais également contre la fissuration. Il est possible de fabriquer des tubes de matériaux composés, ainsi que des tubes d'alliages qui sont habituellement difficiles à transformer en tubes. Il est également possible de fabriquer des tubes pour des applications à haute température.
PCT/EP2017/058791 2016-04-18 2017-04-12 Tubes métalliques sans soudure WO2017182361A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1650516 2016-04-18
SE1650516-6 2016-04-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017182361A1 true WO2017182361A1 (fr) 2017-10-26

Family

ID=58699083

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2017/058791 WO2017182361A1 (fr) 2016-04-18 2017-04-12 Tubes métalliques sans soudure

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2017182361A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5540882A (en) 1992-11-16 1996-07-30 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag Method relating to powder metallurgical manufacturing of a body
US6312643B1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2001-11-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Synthesis of nanoscale aluminum alloy powders and devices therefrom
US20020041819A1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2002-04-11 H.C. Starck, Inc. Low oxygen refractory metal powder for powder metallurgy
WO2006045301A1 (fr) 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 V & M Deutschland Gmbh Procede pour produire un tube d'acier sans soudure usine a chaud et dispositif pour realiser le procede
US20080166255A1 (en) * 2007-01-08 2008-07-10 Heraeus Inc. High density, low oxygen re and re-based consolidated powder materials for use as deposition sources & methods of making same
US20090269605A1 (en) * 2008-04-24 2009-10-29 Warke Virendra S Composite Preform Having a Controlled Fraction of Porosity in at Least One Layer and Methods for Manufacture and Use
JP2014224034A (ja) * 2013-04-22 2014-12-04 住友化学株式会社 焼結体の製造方法
WO2015144665A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-01 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Procédé de fabrication d'un composant métallique qu'il est possible de décaper

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5540882A (en) 1992-11-16 1996-07-30 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag Method relating to powder metallurgical manufacturing of a body
US6312643B1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2001-11-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Synthesis of nanoscale aluminum alloy powders and devices therefrom
US20020041819A1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2002-04-11 H.C. Starck, Inc. Low oxygen refractory metal powder for powder metallurgy
WO2006045301A1 (fr) 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 V & M Deutschland Gmbh Procede pour produire un tube d'acier sans soudure usine a chaud et dispositif pour realiser le procede
EP1814679A1 (fr) 2004-10-25 2007-08-08 V & M Deutschland GmbH Procede pour produire un tube d'acier sans soudure usine a chaud et dispositif pour realiser le procede
US20080166255A1 (en) * 2007-01-08 2008-07-10 Heraeus Inc. High density, low oxygen re and re-based consolidated powder materials for use as deposition sources & methods of making same
US20090269605A1 (en) * 2008-04-24 2009-10-29 Warke Virendra S Composite Preform Having a Controlled Fraction of Porosity in at Least One Layer and Methods for Manufacture and Use
JP2014224034A (ja) * 2013-04-22 2014-12-04 住友化学株式会社 焼結体の製造方法
WO2015144665A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-01 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Procédé de fabrication d'un composant métallique qu'il est possible de décaper

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
E.A. LORIA: "P/M Alloy 718 Tubing Produced by Cold Radial Forging", SUPERALLOYS 718 METALLURGY AND APPLICATIONS (1989), 1 January 1989 (1989-01-01), pages 427 - 436, XP055387771, ISBN: 978-0-87339-097-2, DOI: 10.7449/1989/Superalloys_1989_427_436 *

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