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WO2017165981A1 - Combustible dérivé de biomasse avec séquestration - Google Patents

Combustible dérivé de biomasse avec séquestration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017165981A1
WO2017165981A1 PCT/CA2017/050404 CA2017050404W WO2017165981A1 WO 2017165981 A1 WO2017165981 A1 WO 2017165981A1 CA 2017050404 W CA2017050404 W CA 2017050404W WO 2017165981 A1 WO2017165981 A1 WO 2017165981A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biomass
carbon residue
converting
hydrogen
water
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PCT/CA2017/050404
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matthew L. Babicki
Edson Ng
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G4 Insights Inc.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by G4 Insights Inc. filed Critical G4 Insights Inc.
Publication of WO2017165981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017165981A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1284—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/04—Gasification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/26—Composting, fermenting or anaerobic digestion fuel components or materials from which fuels are prepared
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/38—Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present disclosure concerns a method for converting biomass to a hydrocarbon fuel with sequestration of carbon.
  • Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing from the use of fossil fuels for human activities. Efforts to minimize this increase include mainly substitution of renewable energy for fossil fuel fired electricity generation, storage of CO2 removed from the atmosphere, and substitution of renewable fuels for fossil fuels.
  • Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar requires a flexible power grid. Changes in electricity demand and generation must be constantly balanced to maintain power system stability and reliability. Operational flexibility refers to the ability of a power system to respond to these changes.
  • Major tools for increasing grid flexibility are technologies that improve the alignment of the variable renewable energy supply and demand such as demand response and storage.
  • One method of creating grid flexibility is to store excess electrical energy as hydrogen (or methane) in the natural gas grid. This "power to gas" energy storage concept requires electrolyzers to perform electrolysis with the excess power.
  • electrolyzers can convert electrical power into hydrogen and oxygen supply streams.
  • Storage or use of the produced hydrogen which can be utilized for its energy content can provide increased grid flexibility by acting as an electrical power sink.
  • Methods to use the hydrogen include direct injection of the hydrogen into a natural gas grid, thereby providing a combustible fuel that can be stored by the gas grid until it is required; generating a methane stream for injection into the grid via the Sabatier process of combining the hydrogen with carbon dioxide; generating a methane stream for injection into the grid via hydrogen injection in biological digestion plants; injection of the hydrogen into the grid via biological methanation; using the hydrogen to produce anhydrous ammonia as a liquid for use as a fuel; or generating liquid biofuels with the hydrogen to offset fossil fuel usage.
  • Carbon capture is utilized to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
  • Biomass is a major sink for carbon dioxide.
  • the biomass releases the stored carbon back to the atmosphere as carbon-containing gas in the process of decomposition.
  • sequestration is to collect biomass such as wood as a form of carbon and to store it in such a way as to prevent decomposition.
  • Dried wood or dried digestate from digesters are forms that may be stored.
  • Another form is biochar, a form that is relatively inert to decomposition.
  • a method for converting biomass to a hydrocarbon fuel and a carbon residue and separating the carbon residue from the hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the method also may comprise generating hydrogen by electrolysis of water, and using at least a portion of the hydrogen in the biomass conversion.
  • the method may also comprise storing the carbon residue, thereby sequestering the carbon.
  • the carbon residue is in a form suitable for application to agricultural, silvicultural, residential, commercial, or municipal land or horticultural soil containers.
  • the hydrocarbon fuel comprises methane.
  • Converting the biomass may comprise pyrolysis of the biomass, gasification of the biomass, or bacterial digestion of the biomass.
  • converting the biomass comprises converting the biomass to the hydrocarbon fuel, the carbon residue and biomass-derived water.
  • the method may further comprise separating the biomass-derived water from the hydrocarbon fuel. At least a portion of the biomass-derived water may be used to generate additional hydrogen.
  • the electrolysis of water uses electricity from a renewable energy source, such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, tidal, or a combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the electricity may be excess electricity from a power grid.
  • a renewable energy source such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, tidal, or a combination thereof.
  • the electricity may be excess electricity from a power grid.
  • converting the biomass comprises heating the biomass to produce a mixture of volatiles, and using at least a portion of the hydrogen to catalytically converting the mixture of volatiles to the hydrocarbon fuel.
  • converting the biomass comprises exposing the biomass to anaerobic digestion to produce methane and carbon dioxide, and using at least a portion of the hydrogen to convert the carbon dioxide to additional methane.
  • the method may be a method for converting electrical energy into hydrocarbon fuel with carbon sequestration.
  • the method may comprise using the electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, converting biomass to the hydrocarbon fuel and the carbon residue using at least a portion of the hydrogen, separating the carbon residue from the hydrocarbon fuel, and storing the carbon residue.
  • the electrical energy may be excess energy from a power grid.
  • the method may further comprise formulating the carbon residue into a form suitable for storage and/or transport.
  • the carbon residue may be a powder, granule, pellet, pulverized solid, or briquette, and/or may be in a form suitable for application to agricultural, silvicultural, residential, commercial, or municipal land or horticultural soil containers.
  • converting the biomass comprises converting the biomass to the hydrocarbon fuel, the carbon residue, and biomass-derived water. At least a portion of the water used to produce the hydrogen may be the biomass-derived water.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed method.
  • Biomass is defined herein as plant or animal material that can be used for energy or fuel source. Biomass can be used to generate biofuels to substitute for fossil fuels, where fossil fuels are a single species or a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules. Biomass by itself is generally not a direct substitute for fossil fuels and requires a conversion process to generate a liquid or gaseous fuel, defined herein as biofuel, with combustion, transport, and storage characteristics that are at least similar to hydrocarbons.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic of a system or apparatus 1 according to the invention.
  • System 1 includes a biomass hydroconverter 20, an electrolyzer 60, a water separation unit 80, a storage area 40 suitable for storing carbon residue, and a product hydrocarbon facility 90.
  • Biomass 10 is prepared for the conversion process by optionally sizing, cleaning, drying, sorting and other steps necessary to introduce the biomass into the biomass hydroconverter 20 in the conditions required.
  • the preparation steps are dependent on the requirements of the biomass hydroconverter 20. Preparation and delivery means are not shown in FIG. 1.
  • Biomass preparation steps are processes that are commercially available. For example, sizing can be performed with hammermill equipment, where a rotating set of anvils breaks the biomass into smaller sizes so it can pass through a screen of set aperture size.
  • sorting of biomass can be performed by streaming the biomass past a set of magnets where the magnets will attract and retain magnetic material that was mixed with the biomass.
  • the conversion process occurs in biomass hydroconverter 20.
  • Methods to convert biomass into hydrocarbons use either a thermochemical or a biological method to convert a portion of the biomass carbon from a biological molecular structure into hydrocarbons.
  • Biomass contains a significant proportion of oxygen atoms which must be reduced in the conversion process to hydrocarbon, of which there is no significant proportion of oxygen.
  • a conversion process will exclude the oxygen from the produced hydrocarbon by coproduction of water or carbon oxides which can then be separated from the hydrocarbon.
  • the use of additional hydrogen gas is required to deoxygenate the fuel generated by biomass.
  • thermochemical method to generate biofuels is for the biomass to undergo pyrolysis or pyrolysis and gasification steps.
  • the process of heating the biomass is well understood in the art. Examples include, but are not limited to, fluidized bed gasifiers, down or updraft fixed bed gasifiers, and fluidized bed pyrolyzers.
  • a fast internally circulating fluidized bed system has been in operation in Gussing, Austria to demonstrate the pyrolysis and gasification of biomass.
  • the thermochemical conversion of the biomass can occur with or without a catalyst to assist the conversion.
  • the pyrolysis or pyrolysis and gasification of the biomass generates a mixture of volatiles and char components.
  • the char and volatiles are reacted into substantially a mixture of H2O, CO, H2, CH 4 and CO2.
  • a carbon residue, comprising unprocessed char and/or tar solids, is separated and removed from the volatiles via material route 25 and generally consist of less than 10% of the original mass of the biomass.
  • Methods of separating the carbon residue include cyclone separators and ceramic filters.
  • the volatiles are converted to a hydrocarbon containing mixture over a catalyst.
  • the volatiles may be converted while in gaseous or liquid condition.
  • Injection of additional hydrogen 65 is useful to aid in the conversion of the subsequent catalytic step.
  • Subsequent steps, such as Fischer Tropsch or methanation are utilized to convert the volatiles into liquid or gaseous biofuels.
  • the Gas Technology Institute, USA was able to convert the volatile mixture into gasoline and diesel over a catalyst using their IH2 process.
  • Another embodiment is a pyrolysis to bio oil process, where the volatiles from a pyrolysis step are quenched to form a bio oil mixture.
  • a carbon residue such as a solid char component, is coproduced with the volatiles and is separated from the hydroconverter via material route 25, either before or after quenching.
  • the amount of carbon residue produced is from 10% to 25% of the original mass of the biomass.
  • Further processing of bio oil is required to deoxygenate the oil in order for the produced fuel to be substantially similar to fossil fuels.
  • the deoxygenation step is performed with hydrogen 65 over a catalyst (not shown) to form water molecules for subsequent separation from the produced fuel.
  • One example of bio oil processing to produce biofuel is offered as a licensing and equipment supply of RTP process by Envergent Technologies, USA.
  • Biomass hydroconverter 20 can also consist of biological methods such as anaerobic digestion to produce methane and carbon dioxide from the biomass. This is generally performed first by bacteria forming volatile fatty acids, and subsequently by different bacteria forming methane and carbon dioxide from the fatty acids. Injection of hydrogen into the process is done in order to convert the resulting carbon dioxide into additional methane. This can be done with either a chemical Sabatier process or with a third bacterium that performs this conversion. The process also generates a carbon residue as a solid digestate, which is separated from biomass
  • hydroconverter 20 via conveyance 25, and generally consists of about over 75% of the mass fed into the digester.
  • This material is generally a mixture of fertilizer and woody components and has almost 50% carbon content.
  • the produced fuel from the biomass hydroconverter 20 is further processed in a water separator unit 80.
  • the water is separated from the hydrocarbon mixture leaving the product hydrocarbon substantially dry.
  • the water separator unit 80 may be any suitable water separator unit that separates water from hydrocarbon and/or gases.
  • the water separator comprises a water condensing tower that condenses water vapor, thereby separating water from gases and higher boiling hydrocarbons.
  • Water separation is a commercially available process unit. For example, water separation from a gaseous mixture can be performed with desiccant based systems as supplied by Generon, USA. And, water separation from a liquid mixture can be performed with centrifugal based systems as supplied by Alpha Laval, Sweden.
  • a portion of the separated water is optionally directed into conduit 85 to minimize effluent from the system.
  • the separated water may contain impurities and optionally be subjected to a cleaning treatment (not shown).
  • a cleaning treatment not shown.
  • the water contains valuable nutrients and may be partially or completely withdrawn from the system 1 without cleaning treatment or entry to conduit 85.
  • the separated and optionally treated water is directed via conduit 85 to the electrolyzer 60 to act as a water makeup source for the electrolyzer.
  • the biomass-derived hydrocarbon fuel is sent via conduit 95 to a product hydrocarbon facility 90.
  • the fuel may require further processing in facility 90 such as odorization, purification, blending additives, or separation prior to final exit from the system 1.
  • the electrolyzer 60 utilizes electric power 50 to generate a hydrogen stream 65 and an oxygen stream 70 from water.
  • Electrolyzer equipment is commercially available (using proton exchange membrane technology for example) from vendors such as Hydrogenics, Canada. Water is consumed in the electrolyzer and requires makeup water (not shown). The hydrogen and oxygen may be generated as pressurized or unpressurized streams from the system.
  • Grid stability is a concern for power utility operators with increasing levels of non dispatchable power generators such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, or tidal driven units. Excess power may need to be curtailed if large power receptors are not available. Electrical power can be harvested to produce hydrogen by using electrolyzer equipment when the power grid has excess energy, often due to variable renewable energy production or low demand times such as during the night. A large farm of electrolyzers can be used to maximize benefit to grid stability and optionally utilize low cost power. Nameplate size of the farm should be larger than the hydrogen requirement of the steady state biomass hydroconverter plant by a factor of at least 1.5 to provide a large grid storage capacity and preferably by a factor of about 3 or more. The hydrogen can be stored and buffered for use in a relatively steady state biomass hydroconversion process. Electrolyzers are commercially available that can operate at 30 bar pressure which would require hydrogen storage vessel (not shown) size to be relatively small.
  • Biomass utilized for fuel is usually a mixture of woody components including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and mineral components as utilized for fertilizer. Excluding the mineral components, biomass can be represented as C6H9O4 for illustration of the invention. Three cases are shown to highlight differences in system operation. A methane fuel product is used in the examples to show maximum hydrogen requirement.
  • Case 1 In a standard hydroconversion system, substantially all the biomass carbon is converted to fuel.
  • Case 3 Normally the incoming biomass is dried or dewatered to an economic and process level such that some water is retained by the biomass. This water will condense out of the system and can also be used for generating hydrogen. The ratio of fuel produced to carbon generated will increase with the amount of water contained by the biomass. In this example, the biomass carries about 11 % moisture content.
  • thermochemical conversion processes have been altered from the input materials and are relatively inert from decomposition. This form is generally known as biochar.
  • digesting processes the digestate is also altered from input conditions and is also relatively inert from decomposition.
  • the digestate can be stored in its current form, dried and stored, or heated to generate a biochar and then stored.
  • the carbon residue from the cases above can be collected and stored.
  • the biomass used can be collected and stored.
  • CO2 storage is a new technology and there are considerable outstanding issues regarding the longevity, safety, legal and regulatory framework, and costs associated with it.
  • Solid carbon storage on the other hand, is well understood, benign, and low cost. However, storage of wood and digestate without decomposition is possible only if the material is kept dry. Carbon residue, such as char material, which has been previously pyrolyzed is able to be stored in conditions that are moist and is therefore a more stable material for long term storage, and therefore suitable for carbon sequestration.
  • the char material may be stored, transported, and/or used in any form suitable for storage, transport, and/or use, including, but not limited to, a powder, granules, pellets, pulverized solid, or briquettes.
  • the char material optionally may be processed or formulated into a desired form for storage, transport and/or subsequent use, for example as a soil amendment.
  • Storable carbon such as a carbon residue
  • a carbon residue is defined as wood, digestate or char that has been in the hydroconversion process.
  • the carbon residue may be full of minerals and may also be used as a soil amendment.
  • Storage area 40 collects the carbon residue from biomass hydroconverter 20 via conveyance 25 and prepares the carbon residue for further distribution to a suitable storage and/or use location, such as terra preta, soil amendment, landfill, mixing with other materials such as concrete, or other means.
  • the carbon residue is formulated into a form suitable for application to agricultural, silvicultural, residential, commercial, or municipal land or horticultural soil containers. By storing the carbon residue, or using it as a soil amendment, as opposed to burning the carbon-containing material, carbon (CO2) sequestration is achieved.
  • the profitability for biofuel production can be positive depending mostly on the price difference between the value of the fuel and the biomass costs. This allows the CO2 sequestration to be subsidized by the fuel production and reducing or eliminating the net cost of sequestration.
  • carbon residue is used as energy source for the biofuel production process.
  • the biofuel process can reduce or eliminate the need for using carbon remnant as an energy source. In this manner, the energy source is substituted by energy from intermittent renewable sources.
  • Pyrocatalytic hydrogenation of biomass into hydrocarbons generates about 12-20 weight percent carbon, and 45-55 weight percent methane and 25-30 weight percent water from the feedstock biomass.
  • the biochar can be collected and stored, the water can be recovered and recycled, and the methane amount can be made available as renewable natural gas product.
  • a preferred electrolyzer farm will have a power rating of approximately 600MW and a storage capacity of 5 GWh. This plant will generate 45,000,000 diesel gallon equivalent of methane per year and sequester 150,000 tons CO2 equivalent of carbon residue in biochar form.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de convertir une biomasse en combustible hydrocarboné tout en séquestrant une partie du carbone à partir de la biomasse en tant que résidu de carbone. Le procédé peut consister à générer de l'hydrogène à partir de l'électrolyse de l'eau et à utiliser l'hydrogène pour la conversion de la biomasse, ce qui convertit l'énergie électrique en un combustible hydrocarboné.
PCT/CA2017/050404 2016-04-01 2017-03-31 Combustible dérivé de biomasse avec séquestration WO2017165981A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110484285A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-22 华中科技大学 一种聚光太阳能驱动生物质梯级利用系统
AT523088A1 (de) * 2019-10-15 2021-05-15 Schelch Dr Michael Verfahren und System zum Energiemanagement

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100257775A1 (en) * 2009-01-09 2010-10-14 Cheiky Michael C System and method for atmospheric carbon sequestration
US20130023707A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2013-01-24 Keefer Bowie Method and system for biomass hydrogasification

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100257775A1 (en) * 2009-01-09 2010-10-14 Cheiky Michael C System and method for atmospheric carbon sequestration
US20130023707A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2013-01-24 Keefer Bowie Method and system for biomass hydrogasification

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110484285A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-22 华中科技大学 一种聚光太阳能驱动生物质梯级利用系统
CN110484285B (zh) * 2019-08-23 2021-01-19 华中科技大学 一种聚光太阳能驱动生物质梯级利用系统
AT523088A1 (de) * 2019-10-15 2021-05-15 Schelch Dr Michael Verfahren und System zum Energiemanagement

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