WO2017038122A1 - 双方向チョッパ回路 - Google Patents
双方向チョッパ回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038122A1 WO2017038122A1 PCT/JP2016/057005 JP2016057005W WO2017038122A1 WO 2017038122 A1 WO2017038122 A1 WO 2017038122A1 JP 2016057005 W JP2016057005 W JP 2016057005W WO 2017038122 A1 WO2017038122 A1 WO 2017038122A1
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- power converter
- voltage
- phase full
- switch unit
- inductor
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101100499229 Mus musculus Dhrsx gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bidirectional chopper circuit that bi-directionally converts a voltage between a first DC voltage between a pair of first external connection terminals and a second DC voltage between a pair of second external connection terminals. .
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 For example, by using a large-capacity lithium ion battery mounted on a railway vehicle, even when the power supply from the overhead line is zero, a travel distance of 25 [km] or more is realized by one charge.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a general bidirectional chopper circuit.
- the bi-directional chopper circuit 101 is connected in series so that the conducting directions are aligned when turned on, and the first switch unit (positive valve device) 121-1 and the second switch are turned off when one is turned on.
- Part (negative valve device) 121-2 and an inductor 113 connected to a connection point between the first switch part 121-1 and the second switch part 121-2.
- Each of the first switch unit 121-1 and the second switch unit 121-2 includes a semiconductor switching element that conducts in one direction when turned on, and a feedback diode connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching element. Consists of.
- the high-voltage side DC voltage V dc1 corresponds to the overhead line voltage
- the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 corresponds to the operating voltage of the energy storage element.
- V dc1 1500 [V]
- V dc2 is set to about 600 [V] to 700 [V].
- a large-capacity bidirectional chopper having a converter capacity of 500 [kW] is developed.
- the direct current component of the inductor current i L is 500 [A] or more.
- the inductor In the bi-directional chopper circuit, miniaturization and weight reduction of the inductor are important issues, and particularly important when mounted on a moving body such as a DC electric railway. Since the weight and volume of the inductor are proportional to the stored energy, the inductor can be reduced in size and weight by reducing the inductance of the inductor. However, the reduction in inductance causes an increase in the ripple current included in the current flowing through the inductor, which may cause a reduction in power quality and an unstable operation of the converter.
- the magnitude (variation width) I Lripple of the ripple current included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 113 is f SM as the switching frequency (carrier frequency), and the energization rate of the first switch section 121-1.
- d it can be expressed as in Equation 1.
- the current ratio d is determined by the high-voltage side DC voltage V dc1 and the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 . Therefore, in order to reduce the ripple current I Lripple included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 113 without increasing the inductance L of the inductor 113, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency (carrier frequency) f SM .
- the switching frequency f SM For example, when the overhead line voltage is 1500 [V], an IGBT of 3.3 [kV] is generally applied.
- the carrier frequency of this IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- a ripple current reduction method when applying the same carrier frequency, a method using a multiphase multiple chopper and a method using a coupled inductor have been proposed, but it is difficult to dramatically reduce the size and weight of the inductor in both methods.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost bidirectional chopper circuit having an inductor that is reduced in size and weight.
- a main power converter having both terminals opposite to the connection side between the first switch section and the second switch section as first external connection terminals, and wiring connecting the first switch section and the second switch section On the wiring branched from the wiring connecting one or more single-phase full-bridge power converters cascaded to each other and the first switch unit and the second switch unit provided on the branched wiring Single phase full bridge
- a pair of second external connection terminals are provided at any of
- an inductor or another single-phase full-bridge power converter different from the single-phase full-bridge power converter is connected to the AC input / output side of the single-phase full-bridge power converter, and Is connected to a DC capacitor.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit also controls the main power converter for controlling the energization rates of the first switch unit and the second switch unit in the main power converter so that the current flowing through the inductor follows a predetermined command value.
- the AC voltage cancels the AC voltage component of the voltage appearing at the connection point between the first switch unit and the second switch unit in the main power converter while maintaining the DC voltage of the DC capacitor and the DC capacitor at a predetermined voltage.
- Each of the first switch unit and the second switch unit includes a semiconductor switching element that conducts in one direction when it is turned on, and a feedback diode connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching element. May be.
- a DC power source is connected to one of the first external connection terminal and the second external connection terminal, and a load or another DC power source is connected to the other.
- the inductance of the bidirectional chopper circuit can be reduced in size and weight, and a low-cost bidirectional chopper circuit can be realized.
- the ripple component of the current flowing through the inductor can be reduced by providing the auxiliary power converter in the bidirectional chopper circuit.
- the inductor in the bidirectional chopper circuit can be reduced in size and weight.
- a measure to install a DC circuit breaker is taken to prevent inflow of a short-circuit current that may occur when a short-circuit accident occurs in a switch part in the power converter.
- a short-circuit current that may occur when a short-circuit accident occurs in a switch part in the power converter.
- the present invention by turning off all the semiconductor switching elements in each single-phase full-bridge power converter, the side where the short-circuit current flows (for example, the side where there is an energy storage element) and the main power conversion Therefore, it is not necessary to separately install a DC circuit breaker, so that a significant cost reduction can be realized.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a bidirectional chopper circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the single phase full bridge power converter (bridge cell) in the bidirectional chopper circuit shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram (the 1) which shows the example of arrangement of a single phase full bridge power converter, an inductor, and the 2nd external connection terminal. It is a circuit diagram (the 2) which shows the example of arrangement of a single phase full bridge power converter, an inductor, and the 2nd external connection terminal.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram (part 3) illustrating an arrangement example of the single-phase full-bridge power converter, the inductor, and the second external connection terminal.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a bidirectional chopper circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a single-phase full-bridge power converter (bridge cell) in the bidirectional chopper circuit shown in FIG. It is.
- components having the same reference numerals in different drawings mean components having the same functions.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 includes a first DC voltage V dc1 between the pair of first external connection terminals T1 and G1 and a second voltage between the pair of second external connection terminals T2 and G2. Bidirectional voltage conversion is performed with the DC voltage Vdc2 .
- a DC power source is connected to one of the first external connection terminals T1 and G1 and the second external connection terminals T2 and G2, and a load or another DC power source is connected to the other.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 when a DC power source is connected to the first external connection terminals T1 and G1, and a load is connected to the second external connection terminals T2 and G2, the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 operates as a step-down chopper.
- the voltage output from the DC power supply is the first DC voltage V dc1
- the voltage applied to the load is the second DC voltage V dc2 .
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 when a load is connected to the first external connection terminals T1 and G1, and a DC power source is connected to the second external connection terminals T2 and G2, the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 operates as a boost chopper.
- the voltage applied to the load is the first DC voltage V dc1
- the voltage output from the DC power supply is the second DC voltage V dc2 .
- a DC power supply may be connected to the first external connection terminals T1 and G1, and another DC power supply may be connected to the second external connection terminals T2 and G2.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 includes a main power converter 11, an auxiliary power converter 12, and an inductor 13.
- the main power converter 11 includes a first switch unit (positive side valve device) 21-1 and a second switch unit (negative side valve device) 21-2.
- Each of the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 includes a semiconductor switching element that conducts in one direction when turned on, and a feedback diode connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching element. Consists of. Examples of semiconductor switching elements include IGBTs, SiC (Silicon Carbide) -MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors), thyristors, GTOs (Gate Turn-OFF Thyristors, etc., gate turn-off thyristors, etc.).
- the type of the semiconductor switching element itself does not limit the present invention, and other semiconductor elements may be used.
- the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 are connected in series with each other so that the conducting directions of the semiconductor switching elements are aligned.
- the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 are controlled to turn on one of the semiconductor switching elements and turn off the other semiconductor switching element.
- a connection point between the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 is denoted by P.
- a voltage appearing at both ends of the second switch unit (negative valve device) 21-2 that is, a potential difference between the ground terminal G1 and the connection point P
- v M a potential difference between the ground terminal G1 and the connection point P
- Both side terminals opposite to the connection side between the first switch part 21-1 and the second switch part 21-2 are set as first external connection terminals T1 and G1.
- the auxiliary power converter 12 is provided on the wiring branched from the connection point P on the wiring connecting the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2.
- the auxiliary power converter 12 includes one or a plurality of single-phase full-bridge power converters (bridge cells) 22-j cascade-connected to each other.
- j is a natural number of 1 to N, that is, N represents the cascade number of single-phase full-bridge power converters (bridge cells).
- the bridge cell 22-j is configured as a single-phase full bridge circuit by connecting two sets of two semiconductor switches SW connected in series in parallel and connecting a DC capacitor C in parallel thereto. Is.
- the semiconductor switch SW includes a semiconductor switching element that conducts in one direction when turned on, and a feedback diode connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching element.
- semiconductor switching elements include IGBTs, SiC-MOSFETs, thyristors, GTOs (Gate Turn-OFF Thyristors), transistors, etc., but the types of semiconductor switching elements themselves do not limit the present invention. Other semiconductor elements may be used.
- the series connection point in each set of two semiconductor switches SW connected in series is defined as input / output terminals Q1 and Q2 for discharging current from the DC capacitor C or charging the DC capacitor C.
- each single-phase full-bridge power converter 21-j the voltage of the DC capacitor of each single-phase full-bridge power converter 21-j is represented by v Cj , and the voltage on the AC input / output side of each single-phase full-bridge power converter 21-j (that is, input / output terminals Q1 and Q2).
- V j the voltage on the AC input / output side of each single-phase full-bridge power converter 21-j (that is, input / output terminals Q1 and Q2).
- the inductor 13 is a single-phase full bridge on the wiring branched from the connection point P on the wiring connecting the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 in the main power converter 11.
- the power converter 22-j is connected in series.
- a voltage applied to both ends of the inductor 13 is assumed to be v L.
- a single-phase full bridge is provided on the same wiring branched from the connection point P on the wiring connecting the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 in the main power converter 11.
- the power converter 22-j, the inductor 13, and the second external connection terminals T2 and G2 are provided.
- the inductor 13 is disposed between the main power converter 11 and the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-1 and the second external connection terminals T2 and G2 are connected to the auxiliary power converter 12.
- 3A to 3C are circuit diagrams showing examples of arrangement of the single-phase full-bridge power converter, the inductor, and the second external connection terminal.
- the second external connection terminals T2 and G2 are expressed as a DC voltage V dc2 for easy understanding.
- the low-voltage DC voltage V dc2 is a DC power supply or load voltage.
- the inductor 13 is arranged on the right side of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-N in the figure, and the low-voltage DC voltage V dc2 (that is, the second external connection terminals T2 and G2) is single-phase full.
- the bridge power converter 22-1 is arranged on the left side in the figure.
- the inductor 13 is disposed on the right side of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-1 in the figure, and the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 (that is, the second external connection terminals T2 and G2) is The phase full-bridge power converter 22-N is arranged on the left side in the figure.
- the phase full-bridge power converter 22-N is arranged on the left side in the figure.
- the inductor 13 is arranged on the left side of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-N in the figure, and the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 (that is, the second external connection terminals T2 and G2) is single.
- the phase full-bridge power converter 22-1 is arranged on the left side in the figure.
- FIG. 4 is a principle block diagram showing the control of the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 includes a main power converter controller 31 and a single-phase full-bridge power converter controller 32 as its control system.
- the main power converter control unit 31 includes a first switch unit 21-1 and a second switch unit in the main power converter 11 so that the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 follows a predetermined command value i L *.
- the energization rate of 21-2 is controlled.
- PWM Pulse
- a Width Modulation signal is determined.
- the single-phase full-bridge power converter control unit 32 maintains the DC voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor C at a predetermined voltage while maintaining the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit in the main power converter 11.
- the power conversion operation of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j is controlled so as to output an AC voltage that cancels the AC voltage component of the voltage appearing at the connection point P to 21-2.
- the basic operation of the main power converter 11 and the main power converter control unit 31 will be described as follows. In explaining the basic operation, the following assumptions are introduced. That is, PWM control is applied to the switching control of the semiconductor switching elements in the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 in the main power converter 11, and the switching frequency (carrier frequency) is set. f SM .
- the semiconductor switching element is assumed to operate as an ideal switch. Further, in each mathematical formula established for the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2, the first switch unit 21-1 is represented by S1 for the sake of easy understanding.
- the switch part 21-2 is denoted by S2.
- Equation 2 the voltage (that is, the potential difference between the ground terminal G1 and the connection point P) v M appearing at both ends of the second switch unit (negative valve device) 21-2 is expressed as shown in Equation 2.
- the voltage v M appearing at both ends of the second switch section 21-2 is composed of a DC voltage component v Mdc and an AC voltage component v Mac .
- an approximate expression such as Expression 3 is applied.
- Equation 3 d represents the energization rate (instantaneous value) of the first switch unit 21-1. Equation 3 is established when the temporal change in the energization rate d in one carrier cycle is sufficiently small.
- Equation 4 the AC voltage component v Mac included in the voltage v M appearing at both ends of the second switch section 21-2 can be expressed as Equation 4.
- the AC voltage component v Mac included in the voltage v M appearing at both ends of the second switch section 21-2 has a square wave shape.
- the AC voltage component v Mac is all applied to the inductor 13, but in the embodiment of the present invention, the AC voltage component applied to the inductor 13 is set to zero.
- the single-phase full-bridge power converter controller 32 controls the power conversion operation of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12.
- the auxiliary power converter 12 In order to make the AC voltage component applied to the inductor 13 zero, the auxiliary power converter 12 outputs the same AC voltage as the AC voltage component v Mac output by the main power converter 11. That is, when the voltage output by the auxiliary power converter 12 and v A, to the AC voltage component and v Aac, AC voltage component v Aac voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12, like the formula and the formula 4 It is expressed as 5.
- the AC voltage applied is zero.
- the voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12 includes the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12 in addition to the AC voltage component v Aac expressed by Equation 5.
- the ripple voltage generated by switching the semiconductor switching element of the inside by PWM control is included.
- the ripple voltage is applied to both ends of the inductor 13 and becomes a factor for generating a ripple current.
- the influence of the ripple voltage is that when the semiconductor switching element in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12 is switched by PWM control, the initial phase of the triangular wave carrier is shifted by 180 ° / N. It can be minimized by applying “phase shift PWM control”.
- the voltage change width (voltage step) of the ripple voltage is V C.
- the frequency of the ripple voltage is 2Nf SA .
- the DC voltage component V C of the DC voltage of each DC capacitor in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j, the cascade number N of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j, the main power converter 11 By appropriately selecting the switching frequency (carrier frequency) f SM used for PWM control and the switching frequency (carrier frequency) f SA used for PWM control of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j, the ripple current can be reduced. It can be seen that it can be reduced. Next, selection of these parameters will be described.
- the current ratio d is determined by the high-voltage side DC voltage V dc1 and the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 .
- V dc1 1500 [V]
- V dc2 600 [V]
- the conduction rate d is 0.4.
- the DC voltage component V C of the DC voltage of each DC capacitor in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j and the cascade number N of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j are free as long as Expression 10 is satisfied. Can be set.
- the DC component V C of the DC voltage of each DC capacitor in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j can be set small according to Equation 10. .
- the ripple current can be reduced from Equation 8.
- increasing the number of cascades N of the single-phase full-bridge power converters 22-j increases the number of converters, which increases the cost. Therefore, the DC component V C of the DC voltage of each DC capacitor in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j and the cascade number N of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j can reduce, for example, ripple current and cost.
- the selection may be made in consideration of trade-offs.
- switching frequency f SM used for PWM control of main power converter 11 and switching frequency f SA used for PWM control of single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j will be described.
- the switching frequency f SM used for the PWM control of the main power converter 11 is determined by the switching characteristics of the semiconductor switching element to be used. For example, in the case of an IGBT of 3.3 [kV], it is normally set to 1 [kHz] or less.
- each single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j generates a square wave voltage of the frequency f SM by PWM control. Therefore, f SM and f SA need to satisfy Equation 11.
- the voltage rating of the semiconductor switching element used for the auxiliary power converter 12 can be determined by appropriately selecting the cascade number N of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j. Can be set lower than the voltage rating.
- the DC component V C of the DC voltage of the DC capacitor is a maximum of 500 [V].
- IGBT 1.2 [kV]
- SiC-MOSFET 1.2 [kV]
- the output power P M of the main power converter 11 is equal to the output power of the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 as a whole.
- the output power P A of the auxiliary power converter 12 is the product of the current I L flowing through the effective value v Arms and the inductor 13 of the voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12. From Expression 5, the output voltage effective value v Arms of the auxiliary power converter 12 is expressed as Expression 13.
- Equation 14 the output power P A of the auxiliary power converter 12 can be expressed as Equation 14.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the energization rate and the power ratio.
- the energization rate d is 0.5 or less
- the output power of the auxiliary power converter 12 is larger than the output power of the main power converter 11.
- the energization rate is preferably 0.5 or more.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the control of the main power converter in the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 shows the single-phase full bridge power converter in the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows control of.
- Control of the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 the control of the direct current included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 13, the suppression control of the ripple current included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 13, single-phase full-bridge power converter 22 -J consists of constant control of the DC capacitor voltage within -j.
- the control of the direct current included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 is performed by the main power converter control unit 31.
- the suppression control of the ripple current included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 and the constant control of the DC capacitor voltage in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j are performed by the control unit 32 for the single-phase full-bridge power converter.
- the direct current control of the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 is realized by controlling the energization rate d of the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 in the main power converter 11. Specifically, in block B1, PI (Proportional-Integral) control is applied to the difference between the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 detected by a current detector (not shown) and the command value i L *. Thus, feedback control is performed to cause the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 to follow the command value i L * .
- PI Proportional-Integral
- V dc2 and v B * as feedforward terms to the signal output from the block B1
- normalization is performed with the high-voltage side DC voltage V dc1 in the block B2, thereby determining the energization rate d.
- a PWM signal for controlling the switching operation of each semiconductor switching element in the first switch unit 21-1 and the second switch unit 21-2 is determined.
- v B * which is one of the feedforward terms, represents a voltage term (command value) output from the auxiliary power converter 12, as will be described in detail later. Control of the main power converter 11 and auxiliary power conversion This is used to realize non-interference in the control of the device 12.
- the ripple current suppression control block BR includes blocks B3 and B4.
- block B3 the AC voltage v Aac given by Equation 5 is output.
- the polarity of v Aac is changed according to the switching signal of the main power converter 11.
- block B4 the AC voltage v Aac is divided by the cascade number N of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j.
- the voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12 ideally includes only an AC voltage component.
- the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 ideally includes only a direct current component. Therefore, DC power is not formed between the voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12 and the current i L flowing through the inductor 13.
- the DC component of the voltage of the DC capacitor in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j ideally does not vary. However, since it actually fluctuates due to the influence of the loss in the auxiliary power converter 12, the DC capacitor voltage control block BC is executed to suppress this fluctuation.
- the direct current included in each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor is applied by applying PI control to the difference between the DC component v Cjdc included in each voltage of the DC capacitor and the command value v C *.
- Feedback control is performed to cause the component v Cjdc to follow the command value v C * .
- the DC component v Cjdc included in each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor is calculated by applying a moving average filter or a low-pass filter to each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor detected by a voltage detector (not shown). it can. Since the frequency of the AC voltage included in each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor is equal to f CM, when using the moving average filter may be set to filter frequency f CM.
- a voltage command value v Bj * for DC capacitor voltage control is output from the DC capacitor voltage control block BC.
- v Bj ⁇ i L positive active power flows into the DC capacitor, and the DC component v Cjdc included in each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor increases.
- v Bj ⁇ i L negative
- negative active power flows into the DC capacitor, and the DC component v Cjdc included in each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor decreases. Therefore, the DC capacitor voltage control block BC uses this characteristic to control the DC voltage of each DC capacitor.
- the command value v B * of the voltage to be output by the auxiliary power converter 12 is as shown in Expression 16.
- v B * is given to the main power converter controller 31 as a feedforward term as shown in FIG.
- the direct current control of the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 is not affected.
- Each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor includes an AC voltage component v Cjac other DC voltage component v Cjdc. Since the AC voltage component v Cjac causes overvoltage of the semiconductor switching element and saturation of the control system, it is necessary to appropriately suppress it. From FIG. 7, the AC voltage command value v j * of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12 is expressed by Equation 17.
- the instantaneous AC power p ac of each single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12 can be expressed by Expression 19 from Expression 18.
- v j represents the AC voltage of each single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12.
- a switching ripple component main frequency: f SA
- f SA main frequency
- the instantaneous DC power p dc of each bridge cell can be expressed as shown in Equation 20.
- Equation 21 the first term on the right side corresponds to the AC component. From Equation 5 and Equation 21, the AC component of v Cj is triangular. From Equation 5 and Equation 21, the change width v Cjripple of the AC component can be expressed by Equation 22.
- the AC voltage command value v j * is normalized by each voltage v Cj of the DC capacitor, whereby the energization rate d j is determined.
- a PWM signal for controlling the switching operation of each semiconductor switching element in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12 is determined based on the energization rate d j .
- the high-voltage side DC voltage V dc1 was set to 1.5 [kV]
- the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 was set to 0.75 [kV]
- the conduction rate d was set to 0.5.
- P M P A
- the DC capacitor voltage V C was set to 350 [V] from Equation 10.
- a 1.2 [kV] IGBT or a 1.2 [kV] SiC-MOSFET can be applied as the semiconductor switching element in the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j in the auxiliary power converter 12.
- the unit electrostatic constant H is a value obtained by normalizing the total electrostatic energy of the DC capacitor with the converter capacity, and can be expressed as in Expression 23.
- the carrier frequency f SM of the main power converter 11 is set to 450 [Hz] on the assumption that 3.3 [kV] IGBT is applied.
- the carrier frequency f SA of the auxiliary power converter 12 (each single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j) is set to 1800 [Hz] on the assumption that 1.2 [kV] IGBT is applied.
- an analog control system in which the control delay is zero is assumed, and the dead time of the semiconductor switching element is set to zero.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing simulation waveforms when active power is transmitted from the high-voltage side DC voltage V dc1 to the low-voltage side DC voltage V dc2 in the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the voltage that is, the potential difference between the ground terminal G1 and the connection point P
- v M appearing at both ends of the second switch unit (negative valve device) 21-2
- the voltage v 1 output from the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-1 in the auxiliary power converter 12, the voltage v L applied across the inductor 13, the single-phase full-bridge power conversion in the auxiliary power converter 12 The waveforms of the voltages v c1 , v c2 and v c3 of the DC capacitors in the units 22-1, 22-2 and 22-3 are shown. Since the energization rate d is 0.5, the voltage v M appearing at both ends of the second switch section 21-2 is 0.75 [kV] from Equation 3. In this case, from Equation 5, the voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12 is a square wave voltage having an amplitude of 0.75 [kV].
- a switching ripple voltage resulting from the phase shift PWM control is superimposed on the voltage v A output from the auxiliary power converter 12, and the voltage step becomes equal to V C.
- the voltage step of the voltage v L applied to both ends of the inductor 13 is equal to V C as described above, and the frequency is 10.8 [kHz] which is an equivalent switching frequency.
- the ripple current included in the current i L flowing through the inductor 13 is sufficiently smaller than the direct current component (667 [A]).
- the direct-current voltage components of the voltages v c1 , v c2 and v c3 of each DC capacitor in the single-phase full-bridge power converters 22-1, 22-2 and 22-3 follow the command value 350 [V] well.
- AC component becomes as triangular waveforms described above, the frequency is equal to f SM.
- v Cjripple is 53 [V], which is in good agreement with the simulation results shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing simulation waveforms for comparing the inductor current waveforms of the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional bidirectional chopper circuit, and the inductor current of the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention. Waveform is shown.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a simulation waveform for comparing the inductor current waveforms of the bidirectional chopper circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional bidirectional chopper circuit, and shows the inductor current waveform of the conventional bidirectional chopper circuit.
- FIG. 9B shows an inductor current waveform of a conventional bidirectional chopper circuit that does not have an auxiliary power converter.
- Table 1 When the circuit constants shown in Table 1 are substituted into Equation 8, ripples when the auxiliary power converter 12 is applied and not applied are shown.
- the ratio of current magnitudes I w / / I w / o is 0.01. Therefore, in the conventional bidirectional chopper circuit having no auxiliary power converter, in order to realize the ripple current reduction effect equivalent to that of the bidirectional chopper circuit having the auxiliary power converter according to the embodiment of the present invention, It is necessary to increase the inductance L of 13 by 100 times. In consideration of this, in FIG.
- the inductance L of the inductor 13 is increased from 0.5 [mH] to 50 [mH]. Circuit constants other than the inductance L of the inductor 13 are the same as those of the bidirectional chopper circuit having the auxiliary power converter according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9A. From the comparison between FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B, the magnitudes of the ripple currents are the same. Therefore, the inductance L of the inductor 13 can be significantly reduced by introducing the auxiliary power converter as in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 converts the high-voltage DC voltage V dc1 into the low-voltage DC voltage V dc2 or the low-voltage DC voltage V dc2 into the high-voltage DC voltage V dc1.
- an AC conversion circuit that directly converts an AC voltage in both directions can be used.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an AC conversion circuit according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the AC conversion circuit 2 according to the modification of the embodiment of the present invention includes a first AC voltage vac1 between the pair of third external connection terminals T3 and G3 and a first AC voltage between the pair of fourth external connection terminals T4 and G4. Two-way voltage conversion is performed between the two AC voltages v ac2 .
- an AC power supply is connected to one, and an AC load or another AC power supply is connected to the other.
- the AC conversion circuit 2 includes a main power converter 14, an auxiliary power converter 12, and an inductor 13.
- the main power converter 14 includes a third switch unit (positive valve device) 21-3 and a fourth switch unit (negative valve device) 21-4.
- the third switch unit 21-3 can switch the conduction direction when turned on bidirectionally, and the fourth switch unit 21-4 is connected in series with the third switch unit 21-3, The conduction direction can be switched between the two directions.
- Each of the third switch unit 21-3 and the fourth switch unit 21-4 includes a semiconductor switching element that conducts in one direction when turned on, and a feedback diode connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching element. These two sets of units are connected in series so that the conducting directions when turned on are opposite to each other.
- semiconductor switching elements examples include IGBTs, SiC-MOSFETs, thyristors, GTOs (Gate Turn-OFF thyristors), transistors, etc., but the types of semiconductor switching elements themselves do not limit the present invention. Other semiconductor elements may be used.
- third external connection terminals T3 and G3 The both side terminals opposite to the connection side between the third switch part 21-3 and the fourth switch part 21-4 are referred to as third external connection terminals T3 and G3.
- the auxiliary power converter 12 is provided on the wiring branched from the connection point P on the wiring connecting the third switch unit 21-3 and the fourth switch unit 21-4.
- the auxiliary power converter 12 includes one or a plurality of single-phase full-bridge power converters (bridge cells) 22-j cascade-connected to each other. Since the specific configuration of the auxiliary power converter 12 is the same as that of the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 in the first embodiment of the present invention, the description thereof is omitted.
- the inductor 13 is a single-phase full bridge on the wiring branched from the connection point P on the wiring connecting the third switch unit 21-3 and the fourth switch unit 21-4 in the main power converter 14.
- the power converter 22-j is connected in series. Since the specific configuration of the inductor 13 is the same as that of the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 in the first embodiment of the present invention, the description thereof is omitted.
- a single-phase full bridge is provided on the same wiring branched from the connection point P on the wiring connecting the third switch unit 21-3 and the fourth switch unit 21-4 in the main power converter 14.
- the power converter 22-j, the inductor 13, and the fourth external connection terminals T4 and G4 are provided.
- the inductor 13 is disposed between the main power converter 14 and the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-1 and the fourth external connection terminals T4 and G4 are connected to the auxiliary power converter 12.
- the side opposite to the side to which inductor 13 is connected that is, the side of single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-N opposite to the side to which single-phase full-bridge power converter 22- (N-1) is connected
- the arrangement order of the single-phase full-bridge power converter 22-j, the inductor 13, and the fourth external connection terminals T4 and G4 can be arbitrarily designed.
- the control system of the AC conversion circuit 2 is also configured in the same manner as the control system of the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 already described, but the description thereof is omitted.
- the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes the main power converter 11, the auxiliary power converter 12, and the inductor 13.
- the AC conversion circuit 2 shown in FIG. 10 according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention includes a main power converter 14, an auxiliary power converter 12, and an inductor 13. That is, each of the bidirectional chopper circuit 1 and the AC conversion circuit 2 includes an auxiliary power converter 12 including a plurality of single-phase full-bridge power converters (bridge cells). For this reason, for example, even if a short circuit accident occurs in the switch part in the main power converter 11 or the main power converter 14, the short circuit is achieved by turning off all the semiconductor switching elements in each single-phase full-bridge power converter.
- the conventional countermeasure for short-circuit current can be taken. There is no need to install a separate DC circuit breaker, and therefore a significant cost reduction can be realized.
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Abstract
Description
2 交流変換回路
11、14 主電力変換器
12 補助電力変換器
13 インダクタ
21-1 第1のスイッチ部
21-2 第2のスイッチ部
21-3 第3のスイッチ部
21-4 第4のスイッチ部
22-1、22-2、22-j、22-N 単相フルブリッジ電力変換器
31 主電力変換器用制御部
32 単相フルブリッジ電力変換器用制御部
P 接続点
Q1、Q2 入出力端子
T1、G1 第1の外部接続端子
T2、G2 第2の外部接続端子
T3、G3 第3の外部接続端子
T4、G4 第4の外部接続端子
Claims (5)
- 一対の第1の外部接続端子間における第1の直流電圧と一対の第2の外部接続端子間における第2の直流電圧との間で双方向に電圧変換する双方向チョッパ回路であって、
オン時の導通方向が揃うように互いに直列接続され、一方がオンのときは他方がオフする第1および第2のスイッチ部を有し、前記第1のスイッチ部と前記第2のスイッチ部との接続側とは反対側の両側端子を前記一対の第1の外部接続端子とする主電力変換器と、
前記第1のスイッチ部と前記第2のスイッチ部とを接続する配線から分岐した配線上に設けられる、1個もしくは互いにカスケード接続された複数個の単相フルブリッジ電力変換器と、
前記第1のスイッチ部と前記第2のスイッチ部とを接続する配線から分岐した配線上において、前記単相フルブリッジ電力変換器に対して直列接続されるインダクタと、
を備え、
前記第1のスイッチ部と前記第2のスイッチ部とを接続する配線から分岐した前記インダクタおよび前記単相フルブリッジ電力変換器が設けられた配線上の、いずれかの位置に前記一対の第2の外部接続端子が設けられることを特徴とする双方向チョッパ回路。 - 前記単相フルブリッジ電力変換器の、交流入出力側には、前記インダクタまたは当該単相フルブリッジ電力変換器とは異なる他の単相フルブリッジ電力変換器が接続され、直流入出力側には、直流コンデンサが接続される請求項1に記載の双方向チョッパ回路。
- 前記インダクタに流れる電流が所定の指令値に追従するよう、前記主電力変換器内の前記第1のスイッチ部および前記第2のスイッチ部の通電率を制御する主電力変換器用制御部と、
前記直流コンデンサの直流電圧を所定の電圧に維持しつつ、前記主電力変換器内の前記第1のスイッチ部と前記第2のスイッチ部との接続点に現れる電圧のうちの交流電圧成分を打ち消す交流電圧を出力するよう、前記単相フルブリッジ電力変換器の電力変換動作を制御する単相フルブリッジ電力変換器用制御部と、
を備える請求項2に記載の双方向チョッパ回路。 - 前記第1のスイッチ部および前記第2のスイッチ部は、ぞれぞれ、オン時に一方向に導通する半導体スイッチング素子と該半導体スイッチング素子に逆並列に接続された帰環ダイオードとからなる請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の双方向チョッパ回路。
- 前記第1の外部接続端子および前記第2の外部接続端子のうち、一方に直流電源が接続され、もう一方に負荷もしくは他の直流電源が接続される請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の双方向チョッパ回路。
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EP16841155.1A EP3346594B1 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-03-07 | Bidirectional chopper circuit |
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EP3468027A1 (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Power conversion device, control device and control method thereof, and power generation system |
WO2020085172A1 (ja) | 2018-10-23 | 2020-04-30 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | チョッパ回路 |
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