WO2017018108A1 - ラインパイプ用鋼管及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ラインパイプ用鋼管及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017018108A1 WO2017018108A1 PCT/JP2016/068726 JP2016068726W WO2017018108A1 WO 2017018108 A1 WO2017018108 A1 WO 2017018108A1 JP 2016068726 W JP2016068726 W JP 2016068726W WO 2017018108 A1 WO2017018108 A1 WO 2017018108A1
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- Prior art keywords
- steel pipe
- pipe
- less
- line
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 71
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B1/026—Rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B1/04—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing in a continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B2001/022—Blooms or billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel pipe for a line pipe and a manufacturing method thereof.
- ISO 15156 stipulates that the hardness of a carbon steel line pipe that requires resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSC resistance) is controlled to 250 Hv or less. Moreover, in order to ensure a safety margin, management with a hardness lower than 250 Hv may be required.
- SSC resistance sulfide stress corrosion cracking
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-32584 discloses (1) a method for reducing the hardness of the surface layer portion by promoting surface decarburization in a quenching furnace, and (2) a cooling rate by performing quenching in a film boiling state. And (3) a method of grinding a surface layer which is a high hardness portion after quenching.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-173710 describes a method of manufacturing a steel sheet having a low additive amount of an expensive alloy element, excellent low-temperature toughness, and yield strength of 690 N / mm 2 or more.
- Another possible method for reducing the hardness of the surface layer is to increase the temperature and time for tempering.
- increasing the temperature and lengthening the tempering process is disadvantageous in terms of production efficiency.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a steel pipe for a line pipe in which the hardness of the surface layer portion is reduced.
- the steel pipe for line pipe has a chemical composition of mass%, C: 0.02 to 0.11%, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.30 to 2 0.5%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.006% or less, Cr: 0.05-0.36%, Mo: 0.02-0.33%, V: 0.02-0. 20%, Ti: 0.001 to 0.010%, Al: 0.001 to 0.100%, N: 0.008% or less, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0040%, Cu: 0 to 1.
- the chemical composition satisfies the following formula (1), and the structure is tempered martensite and / or Including tempered bainite, between the outer surface of the steel pipe and a position of 1 mm from the outer surface, and at a position of 1 mm from the inner surface and the inner surface of the steel pipe; At least one of between, in which further comprises a ferrite.
- Cr + Mo + V ⁇ 0.40 (1)
- the content of the corresponding element is substituted by mass%.
- the chemical composition is mass%, C: 0.02 to 0.11%, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.00. 30 to 2.5%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.006% or less, Cr: 0.05 to 0.36%, Mo: 0.02 to 0.33%, V: 0.02 To 0.20%, Ti: 0.001 to 0.010%, Al: 0.001 to 0.100%, N: 0.008% or less, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0040%, Cu: 0 ⁇ 1.5%, Ni: 0-1.5%, Nb: 0-0.05%, the balance: a step of preparing a raw pipe that is Fe and impurities, and the raw pipe from the outer surface and the outer face of the raw pipe The maximum value of Vickers hardness between the position of 1 mm and the maximum value of Vickers hardness between the inner surface of the blank tube and the position of 1 mm from the inner surface.
- One without the includes a step of quenching to be above 310 HV, and a step of tempering the quenched by hollow shell, chemical composition, satisfies the following formula (1).
- Cr + Mo + V ⁇ 0.40 (1)
- the content of the corresponding element is substituted by mass%.
- FIG. 1 shows the hardness distribution in the thickness direction of a steel pipe having a total content of Cr, Mo, and V of 0.44% by mass.
- FIG. 2 is a hardness distribution in the thickness direction of a steel pipe having a total content of Cr, Mo, and V of 0.35% by mass.
- FIG. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional photograph showing the vicinity of the outer surface of the steel pipe of FIG.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional photograph showing an enlarged 1 mm inner side in the thickness direction from the outer surface of the steel pipe of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional photograph showing the vicinity of the outer surface of the steel pipe of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional photograph showing an enlargement of 1 mm inside from the outer surface of the steel pipe of FIG. 2 in the thickness direction.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged cross-sectional photograph showing the vicinity of the outer surface of another steel pipe manufactured by the same method as FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a scatter diagram showing conditions for forming ferrite in the surface layer portion.
- the steel pipe of FIG. 1 is a steel pipe with a total content of Cr, Mo, and V of 0.44% by mass, and the steel pipe of FIG. 2 has a total content of Cr, Mo, and V of 0.35 mass. % Steel pipe.
- the steel pipe of FIG. 1 has an outer diameter of 273.1 mm and a wall thickness of 16.0 mm, and the steel pipe of FIG. 2 has an outer diameter of 273.1 mm and a wall thickness of 22.0 mm.
- These steel pipes are all steel pipes having a yield strength of American Petroleum Institute (API) standard X65.
- API American Petroleum Institute
- These steel pipes were manufactured by performing the same heat treatment. More specifically, all of these steel pipes are tempered by holding them at 650 ° C. for 90 minutes after quenching by immersing them in a cooling bath (cooling water temperature is about 30 ° C.) from 950 ° C. Was manufactured.
- ⁇ indicates the hardness of the steel pipe after quenching and before tempering (hereinafter referred to as the as-quenched material), and “ ⁇ ” indicates the hardness of the steel pipe after tempering.
- the as-quenched material had a high hardness in the surface layer portion having a large cooling rate. More specifically, the hardness was high between the inner surface and a position of about 1 mm from the inner surface, and between the outer surface and a position of about 1 mm from the outer surface.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional photographs showing the outer surface of the steel pipe in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the vicinity thereof in an enlarged manner.
- 3A and 4A are cross-sectional photographs at a position including the outer surface of the steel pipe
- FIGS. 3B and 4B are cross-sectional photographs at a position 1 mm inside from the outer surface of each steel pipe in the thickness direction.
- the cross-sectional photographs of FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B were obtained by etching a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the steel pipe with a nital solution and observing with an optical microscope.
- the steel pipes in FIGS. 3A and 3B were uniformly composed of tempered martensite or tempered bainite.
- the outermost layer is made of tempered martensite or tempered bainite, and ferrite (tempered martensite) further inside (from about 0.2 mm from the outer surface to the inner side in the thickness direction).
- tempered bainite it was a structure containing crystal grains observed whitish.
- FIG. 3B and FIG. 4B when the structure at a position of 1 mm from the outer surface is compared, in FIG. 3B, the structure does not contain ferrite (ferrite area ratio: 0%), whereas in FIG. 4B, it contains ferrite. It was a structure (ferrite area ratio: 40%).
- the cause of the decrease in the hardness of the surface layer in FIG. 2 is considered to be due to the formation of this ferrite.
- the inventors further investigated the hardness reduction due to the formation of ferrite in the surface layer portion. As a result, it was found that if the chemical composition satisfies the following formula (1) and the hardness of the surface layer portion of the as-quenched material is 310 Hv or more, ferrite is formed after tempering. Cr + Mo + V ⁇ 0.40 (1) In the element symbol of the formula (1), the content of the corresponding element is substituted by mass%.
- ferrite is formed after tempering even under tempering conditions with a small operational load. More specifically, it was found that even when tempering was performed under the condition that the tempering parameter TP defined by the following formula (2) was 18800 or less, ferrite was formed after tempering.
- TP (T + 273) ⁇ (20 + log (t)) (2)
- T is the tempering temperature
- t is the holding time at that temperature.
- the unit of T is ° C.
- the unit of t is time.
- a steel pipe for a line pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
- a region between the outer surface of the steel pipe and a position 1 mm from the outer surface in the thickness direction of the steel pipe is referred to as an “outer surface layer portion” of the steel pipe.
- a region between the inner surface of the steel pipe and a position 1 mm from the inner surface is referred to as an “inner surface layer portion” of the steel pipe.
- the outer surface layer portion and the inner surface layer portion may be simply referred to as “surface layer portion” without being distinguished from each other.
- the steel pipe for line pipes according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition described below.
- “%” of the element content means mass%.
- C 0.02 to 0.11% Carbon (C) increases the strength of the steel. If the C content is less than 0.02%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.11%, the toughness of the steel decreases. Therefore, the C content is 0.02 to 0.11%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the C content is preferably higher than 0.02%, and more preferably 0.04% or more. In view of the upper limit, the C content is preferably 0.10% or less, and more preferably 0.08% or less.
- Si 0.05 to 1.0% Silicon (Si) deoxidizes steel. If the Si content is 0.05% or more, the above-described effect is remarkably obtained. However, if the Si content exceeds 1.0%, the toughness of the steel decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 0.05 to 1.0%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the Si content is preferably higher than 0.05%, more preferably 0.08% or more, and further preferably 0.10% or more. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the Si content is preferably less than 1.0%, more preferably 0.50% or less, and even more preferably 0.25% or less.
- Mn 0.30 to 2.5%
- Manganese (Mn) increases the hardenability of the steel and increases the strength of the steel. If the Mn content is less than 0.30%, the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 2.5%, Mn is segregated in the steel and the toughness of the steel is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.30 to 2.5%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the Mn content is preferably higher than 0.30%, more preferably 1.0% or more, and further preferably 1.3% or more. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the Mn content is preferably less than 2.5%, more preferably 2.0% or less, and even more preferably 1.8% or less.
- Phosphorus (P) is an impurity. P decreases the toughness of the steel. Therefore, the P content is preferably as low as possible. Therefore, the P content is 0.030% or less. The P content is preferably less than 0.030%, more preferably 0.015% or less, and still more preferably 0.012% or less.
- S 0.006% or less Sulfur (S) is an impurity. S combines with Mn to form coarse MnS, and lowers the toughness and hydrogen-induced crack resistance (HIC resistance) of the steel. Accordingly, the S content is preferably as low as possible. Therefore, the S content is 0.006% or less. The S content is preferably less than 0.006%, more preferably 0.003% or less, and still more preferably 0.002% or less.
- Chromium (Cr) increases the hardenability of the steel and increases the strength of the steel. Cr further increases the temper softening resistance of the steel. If the Cr content is less than 0.05%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 0.36%, the formula (1) cannot be satisfied. Therefore, the Cr content is 0.05 to 0.36%.
- the Cr content is preferably higher than 0.05% and more preferably 0.10% or more from the viewpoint of the lower limit.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.30% or less, more preferably 0.20% or less, from the viewpoint of the upper limit.
- Mo 0.02 to 0.33%
- Molybdenum (Mo) improves the strength of steel by transformation strengthening and solid solution strengthening. If the Mo content is less than 0.02%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Mo content exceeds 0.33%, the formula (1) cannot be satisfied. Therefore, the Mo content is 0.02 to 0.33%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the Mo content is preferably higher than 0.02%, and more preferably 0.05% or more. The Mo content is preferably 0.30% or less, more preferably 0.20% or less from the viewpoint of the upper limit.
- V 0.02 to 0.20% Vanadium (V) combines with C in the steel to form a V carbide and increases the strength of the steel. If the V content is less than 0.02%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the V content is higher than 0.20%, the carbides become coarse and the toughness of the steel decreases. Therefore, the V content is 0.02 to 0.20%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the V content is preferably higher than 0.02%, and more preferably 0.04% or more. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the V content is preferably less than 0.20%, and more preferably 0.10% or less.
- Titanium (Ti) combines with N in the steel to form TiN, and suppresses a decrease in the toughness of the steel due to the solid solution N. Furthermore, finely dispersed TiN increases the toughness of the steel. If the Ti content is less than 0.001%, the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Ti content is higher than 0.010%, TiN becomes coarse, coarse TiC is generated, and the toughness of the steel is lowered. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.001 to 0.010%. In view of the lower limit, the Ti content is preferably higher than 0.001%, and more preferably 0.002% or more. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the Ti content is preferably 0.009% or less.
- Al 0.001 to 0.100%
- Aluminum (Al) combines with N to form fine nitrides and enhances the toughness of the steel. If the Al content is less than 0.001%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Al content is higher than 0.100%, the Al nitride becomes coarse and the toughness of the steel decreases. Therefore, the Al content is 0.001 to 0.100%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the Al content is preferably higher than 0.001%, and more preferably 0.010% or more. In view of the upper limit, the Al content is preferably less than 0.100%, more preferably 0.080% or less, and further preferably 0.060% or less.
- the Al content in this specification means the content of acid-soluble Al (so-called Sol-Al).
- N 0.008% or less Nitrogen (N) combines with Al to form fine Al nitride and enhances the toughness of the steel. If N is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained. On the other hand, if the N content is higher than 0.008%, the solid solution N reduces the toughness of the steel. If the N content is too high, the carbonitrides are further coarsened and the toughness of the steel is reduced. Therefore, the N content is 0.008% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.002% or more from the viewpoint of the lower limit. In view of the upper limit, the N content is preferably less than 0.008%, more preferably 0.006% or less, and further preferably 0.005% or less.
- Ca 0.0005 to 0.0040%
- Calcium (Ca) combines with S in steel to form CaS.
- the formation of MnS is suppressed by the formation of CaS. Therefore, Ca improves the toughness and HIC resistance of steel.
- the Ca content is less than 0.0005%, the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the Ca content is higher than 0.0040%, the cleanliness of the steel decreases, and the toughness and HIC resistance of the steel decrease. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.0005 to 0.0040%.
- the Ca content is preferably higher than 0.0005%, more preferably 0.0008% or more, and further preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the Ca content is preferably less than 0.0040%, more preferably 0.0030% or less, and further preferably 0.0025% or less.
- the balance of the chemical composition of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment is Fe and impurities.
- the impurity here refers to an element mixed from ore and scrap used as a raw material of steel, or an element mixed from the environment of the manufacturing process.
- the chemical composition of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment may contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, and Nb instead of a part of Fe.
- Cu, Ni, and Nb all increase the strength of the steel.
- Cu, Ni, and Nb are all selective elements.
- the chemical composition of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment may not contain part or all of Cu, Ni, and Nb.
- Cu 0 to 1.5% Copper (Cu) increases the hardenability of the steel and increases the strength of the steel. If Cu is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cu content is higher than 1.5%, the weldability of steel decreases. If the Cu content is too high, the grain boundary strength of the steel at a high temperature is further lowered, and the hot workability of the steel is lowered. Therefore, the Cu content is 0 to 1.5%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.08% or more. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the Cu content is preferably less than 1.5%, more preferably 0.5% or less, and further preferably 0.3% or less.
- Ni 0 to 1.5%
- Nickel (Ni) increases the hardenability of the steel and increases the strength of the steel. If Ni is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained. On the other hand, if the Ni content is higher than 1.5%, the SSC resistance decreases. Therefore, the Ni content is 0 to 1.5%. From the viewpoint of the lower limit, the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.08% or more. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the Ni content is preferably less than 1.0%, more preferably 0.5% or less, and further preferably 0.3% or less.
- Niobium (Nb) combines with C and / or N in the steel to form fine Nb carbide, and increases the strength and toughness of the steel. Nb further dissolves in Mo carbide and suppresses coarsening of Mo carbide. If Nb is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained. On the other hand, if the Nb content is higher than 0.05%, the carbides become coarse and the toughness of the steel decreases. Therefore, the Nb content is 0 to 0.05%.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.001% or more from the viewpoint of the lower limit. From the viewpoint of the upper limit, the Nb content is preferably 0.02% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or less.
- the chemical composition of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment satisfies the following formula (1).
- Cr + Mo + V ⁇ 0.40 (1)
- the content of the corresponding element is substituted by mass%.
- the structure of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment includes tempered martensite and / or tempered bainite, and the surface layer portion further includes ferrite.
- tempered martensite and tempered bainite by optical microscope observation as described later. In the present embodiment, these are not particularly distinguished.
- the steel pipe for line pipe is manufactured by quenching and tempering.
- the surface layer portion having a large cooling rate during quenching tends to be harder than other portions.
- the surface layer portion since the surface layer portion has a structure containing ferrite, the hardness of the surface layer portion that tends to increase in hardness can be reduced.
- the structure of the steel pipe for line pipe may include ferrite inside the surface layer portion in addition to the surface layer portion.
- the structure of the middle part of the steel pipe substantially consists of tempered martensite and / or tempered bainite.
- the structure of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment only needs to contain ferrite in at least one of the outer surface layer portion and the inner surface layer portion.
- the difference between the hardness of the inner surface layer portion and the hardness of the outer surface layer portion may increase. Therefore, the required characteristics may be satisfied if the hardness of the inner surface layer portion and the outer surface layer portion on the high hardness side is reduced.
- the structure of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment is preferably such that at least one of the area ratio of ferrite at a position 1 mm from the outer surface and the area ratio of ferrite at a position 1 mm from the inner surface is 5% or more.
- Specimen specimens are collected from the area including the surface of the steel pipe. Each test piece is polished so that the surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the steel pipe is a polished surface, and further etched with a nital solution. The etched surface is observed with an optical microscope (observation magnification 100 times). At this time, ferrite is observed as whitish grains as compared with tempered martensite and tempered bainite.
- This observation is performed at a position where the center of the visual field is 1 mm from the surface, and the ratio of the area occupied by the ferrite in the observation visual field (1 mm 2 ) is obtained. For one steel pipe, this is performed at eight locations in the circumferential direction (every 45 °). The ratio of the area occupied by ferrite in each field of view is averaged over 8 fields of view, and is defined as the area ratio of ferrite at a position 1 mm from the surface.
- the remainder of the structure of the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment is preferably mainly composed of tempered martensite and / or tempered bainite.
- the ratio of tempered martensite and / or tempered bainite in the structure other than ferrite is preferably 90% or more. That is, the value of (area of tempered martensite and tempered bainite / (area of visual field ⁇ area of ferrite)) is preferably 90% or more. More preferably, the ratio of tempered martensite and / or tempered bainite in the structure other than ferrite is 95% or more.
- the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment preferably has a Vickers hardness of 230 Hv or less in the thickness direction between a position 1 mm from the inner surface and a position 1 mm from the outer surface. More specifically, the steel pipe for a line pipe according to the present embodiment has a Vickers hardness of 230 Hv or less measured at an arbitrary position between a position 1 mm from the inner surface and a position 1 mm from the outer surface in accordance with JIS Z 2244. is there.
- the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment preferably has a yield strength of 415 MPa or more.
- the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment more preferably has a yield strength of 450 MPa or more.
- the steel pipe for line pipe according to the present embodiment is preferably a seamless steel pipe.
- the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment includes a step of preparing a blank, a step of quenching the blank, and a step of tempering the quenched blank.
- a base tube having the above-described chemical composition is prepared.
- the raw pipe may be a seamless steel pipe or a welded steel pipe.
- the manufacturing method of a seamless steel pipe is demonstrated as an example.
- the steel having the above chemical composition is melted and refined.
- billets are produced from the molten steel by a continuous casting method.
- a slab or bloom may be produced from molten steel, and the billet may be produced by hot working the slab or bloom.
- Billets are hot-worked to produce seamless steel pipes.
- a seamless steel pipe is manufactured by performing piercing rolling, stretching rolling and constant diameter rolling.
- Quenching process Quench the tube. Quenching is the maximum value of Vickers hardness between the outer surface of the tube and the position 1 mm from the outer surface (hereinafter referred to as the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer), and between the inner surface of the tube and the position 1 mm from the inner surface. At least one of the maximum values of Vickers hardness (hereinafter referred to as the maximum hardness of the inner surface layer) is 310 Hv or more.
- the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer portion of the blank after quenching is 310 Hv or more, ferrite is formed on the outer surface layer portion after tempering.
- the maximum hardness of the inner surface layer portion of the blank after quenching is 310 Hv or more, ferrite is formed on the inner surface layer portion after tempering. The reason for this is not clear, but it is considered that recrystallization progressed because a large amount of strain, which is the driving force for ferrite precipitation, was introduced by rapidly cooling the surface layer portion.
- quenching is performed so that at least one of the maximum hardness of the outer surface portion of the raw tube and the maximum hardness of the inner surface portion of the raw tube is 315 Hv or more.
- the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer portion and the maximum hardness of the inner surface layer portion are 310 Hv or more, it is not always necessary to specify the position where the Vickers hardness is maximum. That is, when the Vickers hardness is measured at several locations on the outer surface layer portion, and the points where the Vickers hardness is 310 Hv or higher are included, it can be concluded that the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer portion is 310 Hv or higher. Similarly, when the Vickers hardness is measured at several places on the inner surface layer portion and the points having the Vickers hardness of 310 Hv or higher are included therein, it can be concluded that the maximum hardness of the inner surface layer portion is 310 Hv or higher.
- the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer portion and the maximum hardness of the inner surface layer portion of the blank after quenching can be adjusted by the quenching cooling rate. Generally, the greater the cooling rate, the higher the hardness after quenching. The ease of quench hardening depends on the chemical composition of the tube. However, the quenching conditions for setting the maximum hardness to 310 Hv or more can be estimated from the continuous cooling transformation curve (CCT curve) of the material.
- CCT curve continuous cooling transformation curve
- the quenching method is not limited.
- the quenching may be, for example, immersion quenching in which the raw pipe is immersed in a cooling bath, or quenching by a laminar cooling device that blows refrigerant from one or both of the inner and outer surfaces of the steel pipe.
- direct quenching is performed immediately after hot working
- in-line quenching is performed after reheating in a reheating furnace after hot working
- reheating after cooling to room temperature after hot working any of off-line quenching for rapid cooling may be performed.
- the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer portion and the inner surface layer portion of the raw tube can be adjusted by the amount and temperature of the refrigerant, the presence or absence of descaling, the presence or absence of stirring in the cooling bath, and the like.
- the maximum hardness of the outer surface layer portion and the maximum hardness of the inner surface layer portion of the raw tube can be adjusted by the amount and temperature of the refrigerant, the air / water ratio, and the presence or absence of descaling.
- Temper the quenched tube The conditions for tempering are not particularly limited. If the tempered tube is tempered under the above conditions, ferrite is formed on the surface layer portion even if there are no special conditions.
- the tempering parameter TP defined by the following formula (2) is preferably 18800 or less.
- TP (T + 273) ⁇ (20 + log (t)) (2)
- T is a tempering temperature
- t is a holding time at that temperature.
- the unit of T is ° C.
- the unit of t is time.
- the lower limit of the tempering parameter TP is not particularly limited, but if the tempering temperature is too low or the tempering time is too short, ferrite is not formed in the surface layer portion.
- the lower limit of the tempering parameter TP is preferably 18000, and more preferably 18500.
- the tempering temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 ° C. or higher and Ac 1 point or lower, and more preferably 600 ° C. or higher and Ac 1 point or lower.
- holding time is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 90 minutes or more, More preferably, it is 120 minutes or more.
- the round billet manufactured from each material was heated to 1100-1300 ° C. in a heating furnace and pierced and rolled by a piercing machine. Further, the steel tube was drawn and rolled by a mandrel mill and fixed diameter rolled by a sizer to produce a seamless steel pipe having an outer diameter of 323.9 mm and a wall thickness of 11.0 to 40.0 mm.
- Quenching was performed by reheating each seamless steel pipe to the temperature described in the column of “Quenching temperature” in Table 2 and then immersing it in a cooling bath.
- descaling and stirring in the cooling bath were not performed.
- Test specimens for hardness measurement were taken from each seamless steel pipe after quenching and before tempering, and Vickers hardness was measured at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm positions from the outer surface of the steel pipe, and at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm positions from the inner surface of the steel pipe.
- the Vickers hardness at each measurement point was measured according to JIS Z 2244.
- the test force F was 10 kgf (98.07 N).
- the maximum hardness value measured at a total of 6 points is shown in the column “AsQ hardness” in Table 2.
- the tempered tube was tempered at the temperature described in the column of “Tempering Temperature” in Table 2 for the time described in “Tempering Time”.
- the structure of the steel pipe for line pipe of items A to C contained ferrite in the surface layer portion.
- the maximum hardness of the steel pipes for line pipes of items A to C was 230 Hv or less.
- the steel pipe for line pipes of items D to J did not contain ferrite in the surface layer portion.
- the maximum hardness of the steel pipes for line pipes of items D to J exceeded 230 Hv.
- the steel pipes for line pipes of items D to F since the value of Cr + Mo + V was too large, it is considered that ferrite was not formed in the surface layer portion.
- the maximum hardness of the surface layer portion after quenching was too low, and it is considered that no ferrite was formed on the surface layer portion.
- FIG. 5 is a scatter diagram showing the conditions under which ferrite forms in the surface layer portion. “ ⁇ ” in FIG. 5 indicates that ferrite is formed, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that ferrite is not formed. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that if the value of Mo + Cr + V is 0.40 mass% or less and the maximum hardness of the surface layer portion after quenching is 310 Hv or more, ferrite is formed after tempering.
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Abstract
Description
Cr+Mo+V≦0.40 (1)
式(1)の元素記号には、質量%で、対応する元素の含有量が代入される。
Cr+Mo+V≦0.40 (1)
式(1)の元素記号には、質量%で、対応する元素の含有量が代入される。
Cr+Mo+V≦0.40 (1)
式(1)の元素記号には、質量%で、対応する元素の含有量が代入される。
TP=(T+273)×(20+log(t)) (2)
式(2)において、Tは焼戻し温度であり、tはその温度での保持時間である。Tの単位は℃であり、tの単位は時間である。
本実施形態によるラインパイプ用鋼管は、以下に説明する化学組成を有する。以下の説明において、元素の含有量の「%」は、質量%を意味する。
炭素(C)は、鋼の強度を高める。C含有量が0.02%未満であれば、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、C含有量が0.11%を超えると、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.02~0.11%である。C含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.02%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.04%以上である。C含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.10%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.08%以下である。
シリコン(Si)は、鋼を脱酸する。Si含有量が0.05%以上であれば、上記効果が顕著に得られる。しかしながら、Si含有量が1.0%を超えると、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.05~1.0%である。Si含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.05%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.08%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%以上である。Si含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは1.0%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.25%以下である。
マンガン(Mn)は、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、鋼の強度を高める。Mn含有量が0.30%未満であれば、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mn含有量が2.5%を超えると、Mnが鋼中で偏析し、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は0.30~2.5%である。Mn含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.30%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは1.0%以上であり、さらに好ましくは1.3%以上である。Mn含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは2.5%未満であり、さらに好ましくは2.0%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1.8%以下である。
燐(P)は不純物である。Pは鋼の靱性を低下させる。したがって、P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。そのため、P含有量は0.030%以下である。P含有量は、好ましくは0.030%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.015%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.012%以下である。
硫黄(S)は不純物である。Sは、Mnと結合して粗大なMnSを形成し、鋼の靱性及び耐水素誘起割れ性(耐HIC性)を低下させる。したがって、S含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。そのため、S含有量は0.006%以下である。S含有量は、好ましくは0.006%未満であり、さらに好ましくは、0.003%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%以下である。
クロム(Cr)は鋼の焼入れ性を高め、鋼の強度を高める。Crはさらに、鋼の焼戻し軟化抵抗を高める。Cr含有量が0.05%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cr含有量が0.36%を超えると、式(1)を満足できなくなる。したがって、Cr含有量は0.05~0.36%である。Cr含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.05%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.10%以上である。Cr含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.30%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%以下である。
モリブデン(Mo)は、変態強化と固溶強化とにより鋼の強度を向上させる。Mo含有量が0.02%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mo含有量が0.33%を超えると、式(1)を満足できなくなる。したがって、Mo含有量は0.02~0.33%である。Mo含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.02%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.05%以上である。Mo含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.30%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%以下である。
バナジウム(V)は、鋼中のCと結合してV炭化物を形成し、鋼の強度を高める。V含有量が0.02%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、V含有量が0.20%よりも高ければ、炭化物が粗大化し、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、V含有量は0.02~0.20%である。V含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.02%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.04%以上である。V含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.20%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%以下である。
チタン(Ti)は、鋼中のNと結合してTiNを形成し、固溶したNによる鋼の靱性の低下を抑制する。さらに、分散析出した微細なTiNは鋼の靱性を高める。Ti含有量が0.001%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ti含有量が0.010%よりも高ければ、TiNが粗大化したり、粗大なTiCが発生し、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、Ti含有量は0.001~0.010%である。Ti含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.001%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.002%以上である。Ti含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.009%以下である。
アルミニウム(Al)は、Nと結合して微細な窒化物を形成し、鋼の靱性を高める。Al含有量が0.001%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Al含有量が0.100%よりも高ければ、Al窒化物が粗大化し、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、Al含有量は0.001~0.100%である。Al含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.001%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.010%以上である。Al含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.100%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.080%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.060%以下である。本明細書におけるAl含有量は、酸可溶Al(いわゆるSol-Al)の含有量を意味する。
窒素(N)は、Alと結合して微細なAl窒化物を形成し、鋼の靱性を高める。Nが少しでも含有されていれば、上記の効果が得られる。一方、N含有量が0.008%よりも高ければ、固溶したNが鋼の靱性を低下させる。N含有量が高すぎればさらに、炭窒化物が粗大化し、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.008%以下である。N含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.002%以上である。N含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.008%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.006%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%以下である。
カルシウム(Ca)は、鋼中のSと結合してCaSを形成する。CaSの形成により、MnSの形成が抑制される。そのため、Caは、鋼の靱性及び耐HIC性を高める。Ca含有量が0.0005%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ca含有量が0.0040%よりも高ければ、鋼の清浄度が低下し、鋼の靱性及び耐HIC性が低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0.0005~0.0040%である。Ca含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.0005%よりも高く、さらに好ましくは0.0008%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.0010%以上である。Ca含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.0040%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.0025%以下である。
銅(Cu)は、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、鋼の強度を高める。Cuが少しでも含有されていれば、上記の効果が得られる。一方、Cu含有量が1.5%よりも高ければ、鋼の溶接性が低下する。Cu含有量が高すぎればさらに、高温における鋼の粒界強度が低下し、鋼の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は0~1.5%である。Cu含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.05%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.08%以上である。Cu含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは1.5%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.5%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.3%以下である。
ニッケル(Ni)は、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、鋼の強度を高める。Niが少しでも含有されていれば、上記の効果が得られる。一方、Ni含有量が1.5%よりも高ければ、耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、Ni含有量は0~1.5%である。Ni含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.05%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.08%以上である。Ni含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは1.0%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.5%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.3%以下である。
ニオブ(Nb)は、鋼中のC及び/又はNと結合して微細なNb炭化物を形成し、鋼の強度及び靱性を高める。Nbはさらに、Mo炭化物中に固溶し、Mo炭化物の粗大化を抑制する。Nbが少しでも含有されていれば、上記の効果が得られる。一方、Nb含有量が0.05%よりも高ければ、炭化物が粗大化し、鋼の靱性が低下する。したがって、Nb含有量は0~0.05%である。Nb含有量は、下限の観点では、好ましくは0.001%以上である。Nb含有量は、上限の観点では、好ましくは0.02%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.01%以下である。
Cr+Mo+V≦0.40 (1)
式(1)の元素記号には、質量%で、対応する元素の含有量が代入される。
本実施形態によるラインパイプ用鋼管の組織は、焼戻しマルテンサイト及び/又は焼戻しベイナイトを含み、表層部はさらにフェライトを含む組織である。なお、焼戻しマルテンサイトと焼戻しベイナイトは、後述するような光学顕微鏡観察では区別することが難しい。本実施形態では、これらを特に区別しないこととする。
本実施形態によるラインパイプ用鋼管は、好ましくは、肉厚方向に、内面から1mmの位置と外面から1mmの位置との間において、ビッカース硬度が230Hv以下である。より詳しくは、本実施形態によるラインパイプ用鋼管は、内面から1mmの位置と外面から1mmの位置との間の任意の位置において、JIS Z 2244に準拠して測定されるビッカース硬度が230Hv以下である。
以下、本発明の一実施形態によるラインパイプ用鋼管の製造方法を説明する。本実施形態による製造方法は、素管を準備する工程と、素管を焼入れする工程と、焼入れされた素管を焼戻しする工程とを備えている。
上述した化学組成を有する素管を準備する。素管は、継目無鋼管であってもよいし、溶接鋼管であってもよい。ここでは一例として、継目無鋼管の製造方法を説明する。上述の化学組成の鋼を溶製し、精錬する。続いて、連続鋳造法によって溶鋼からビレットを製造する。溶鋼からスラブ又はブルームを製造し、スラブ又はブルームを熱間加工してビレットを製造してもよい。ビレットを熱間加工して継目無鋼管を製造する。具体的には、穿孔圧延、延伸圧延及び定径圧延を実施して継目無鋼管を製造する。
素管を焼入れする。焼入れは、素管の外面と外面から1mmの位置との間のビッカース硬度の最大値(以下、外面表層部の最大硬度と呼ぶ。)、及び素管の内面と内面から1mmの位置との間のビッカース硬度の最大値(以下、内面表層部の最大硬度と呼ぶ。)の少なくとも一方が、310Hv以上になるようにする。
焼入れされた素管を焼戻しする。焼戻しの条件は、特に限定されない。上記の条件で焼入れされた素管を焼戻しすれば、特殊な条件でなくても、表層部にフェライトが形成される。
TP=(T+273)×(20+log(t)) (2)
前記式(2)において、Tは焼戻し温度であり、tはその温度での保持時間である。Tの単位は℃であり、tの単位は時間である。
Claims (8)
- ラインパイプ用鋼管であって、
化学組成が、質量%で、
C :0.02~0.11%、
Si:0.05~1.0%、
Mn:0.30~2.5%、
P :0.030%以下、
S :0.006%以下、
Cr:0.05~0.36%、
Mo:0.02~0.33%、
V :0.02~0.20%、
Ti:0.001~0.010%、
Al:0.001~0.100%、
N :0.008%以下、
Ca:0.0005~0.0040%、
Cu:0~1.5%、
Ni:0~1.5%、
Nb:0~0.05%、
残部:Fe及び不純物であり、
前記化学組成が、下記式(1)を満たし、
組織が、焼戻しマルテンサイト及び/又は焼戻しベイナイトを含み、
前記鋼管の外面と外面から1mmの位置との間、及び前記鋼管の内面と内面から1mmの位置との間の少なくとも一方に、さらにフェライトを含むものである、ラインパイプ用鋼管。
Cr+Mo+V≦0.40 (1)
前記式(1)の元素記号には、質量%で、対応する元素の含有量が代入される。 - 請求項1に記載のラインパイプ用鋼管であって、
肉厚方向に、外面から1mmの位置と内面から1mmの位置との間において、ビッカース硬度が230Hv以下である、ラインパイプ用鋼管。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のラインパイプ用鋼管であって、
前記鋼管の軸方向と垂直な断面において、前記鋼管の外面から1mmの位置、及び前記鋼管の内面から1mmの位置の少なくとも一方におけるフェライトの面積率が、5%以上である、ラインパイプ用鋼管。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のラインパイプ用鋼管であって、
415MPa以上の降伏強度を有する、ラインパイプ用鋼管。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のラインパイプ用鋼管であって、
前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Cu:0.05~1.5%、
Ni:0.05~1.5%、及び
Nb:0.001~0.05%、
からなる群から選択される1又は2以上の元素を含有する、ラインパイプ用鋼管。 - 化学組成が、質量%で、C:0.02~0.11%、Si:0.05~1.0%、Mn:0.30~2.5%、P:0.030%以下、S:0.006%以下、Cr:0.05~0.36%、Mo:0.02~0.33%、V:0.02~0.20%、Ti:0.001~0.010%、Al:0.001~0.100%、N:0.008%以下、Ca:0.0005~0.0040%、Cu:0~1.5%、Ni:0~1.5%、Nb:0~0.05%、残部:Fe及び不純物である素管を準備する工程と、
前記素管を、前記素管の外面と外面から1mmの位置との間におけるビッカース硬度の最大値、及び前記素管の内面と内面から1mmの位置との間におけるビッカース硬度の最大値の少なくとも一方が310Hv以上になるように焼入れする工程と、
前記焼入れされた素管を焼戻しする工程とを備え、
前記化学組成が、下記式(1)を満たす、ラインパイプ用鋼管の製造方法。
Cr+Mo+V≦0.40 (1)
前記式(1)の元素記号には、質量%で、対応する元素の含有量が代入される。 - 請求項6に記載のラインパイプ用鋼管の製造方法であって、
下記式(2)で定義される焼戻しパラメータTPが18800以下である、ラインパイプ用鋼管の製造方法。
TP=(T+273)×(20+log(t)) (2)
前記式(2)において、Tは焼戻し温度であり、tはその温度での保持時間である。Tの単位は℃であり、tの単位は時間である。 - 請求項6又は7に記載のラインパイプ用鋼管の製造方法であって、
前記化学組成は、質量%で、
Cu:0.05~1.5%、
Ni:0.05~1.5%、及び
Nb:0.001~0.05%、
からなる群から選択される1又は2以上の元素を含有する、ラインパイプ用鋼管の製造方法。
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JP6394809B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
US10487373B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
MX2017011637A (es) | 2017-11-02 |
EP3330398A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
BR112017015708A2 (ja) | 2018-03-20 |
EP3330398A4 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
EP3330398B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
AR105471A1 (es) | 2017-10-04 |
CN107614730A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
US20180187278A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
JPWO2017018108A1 (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
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