WO2017010365A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017010365A1 WO2017010365A1 PCT/JP2016/069986 JP2016069986W WO2017010365A1 WO 2017010365 A1 WO2017010365 A1 WO 2017010365A1 JP 2016069986 W JP2016069986 W JP 2016069986W WO 2017010365 A1 WO2017010365 A1 WO 2017010365A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- electrode active
- lithium ion
- ion secondary
- substituted
- Prior art date
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920003209 poly(hydridosilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910020211 SiOxHy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- -1 Si and Sn Chemical compound 0.000 description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001678 elastic recoil detection analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005001 rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1COC(=O)O1 GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910008045 Si-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006411 Si—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEUQBLSFZIWJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibutoxyethoxysilane Chemical compound C(CCC)OC(CO[SiH3])OCCCC LEUQBLSFZIWJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102100031416 Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000941284 Homo sapiens Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012096 LiSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021400 carbon nanofoam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008209 carbon nanofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH2]OCC ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IBOKZQNMFSHYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromosilane Chemical compound Br[SiH](Br)Br IBOKZQNMFSHYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCSBCWBHZLSFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCO[SiH](OCCCC)OCCCC UCSBCWBHZLSFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPVEXTUHHUEIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorosilane Chemical compound F[SiH](F)F WPPVEXTUHHUEIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](OCCC)OCCC OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCKKBOHAYRLMQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[SiH](OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C QCKKBOHAYRLMQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/82—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by IR- or Raman-data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery that exhibits high charge and discharge characteristics and cycle characteristics when used as a negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, silicon (SiS) obtained by heat-treating a hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) obtained by hydrolyzing a specific silicon compound and then performing a condensation reaction in an inert gas atmosphere.
- SiS silicon
- HPSQ hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries comprising a silicon oxide represented by x ⁇ 1.8, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4), and a method for producing the same.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that use lithium compounds as negative electrodes have high voltage and high energy density.
- lithium metal is the subject of many researches as an active material for negative electrode due to its abundant battery capacity. Became.
- a lot of dendritic lithium is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode lithium during charging, so that the charge / discharge efficiency is reduced, or the dendritic lithium grows, causing a short circuit with the positive electrode.
- a carbon-based negative electrode that occludes and releases lithium has been used as a negative electrode active material instead of lithium metal.
- the carbon-based negative electrode has greatly contributed to the widespread use of lithium ion batteries by solving various problems of lithium metal.
- increasing the capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries has emerged as an important issue.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a carbon-based negative electrode has an essentially low battery capacity.
- the theoretical capacity is about 372 mAh / g when the composition is LiC 6 . This is only about 10% compared to the theoretical capacity of lithium metal being 3860 mAh / g. Therefore, in spite of the existing problems of the metal negative electrode, research has been actively conducted to improve the battery capacity by introducing a metal such as lithium again into the negative electrode.
- the use of a material mainly composed of a metal that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si, Sn, or Al, as the negative electrode active material has been studied.
- substances that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si and Sn are accompanied by volume expansion during the alloying reaction with lithium, so that the metal material particles are pulverized, so that the contact between the metal material particles decreases.
- an electrically isolated active material is generated in the electrode, or metal material particles are detached from the electrode, resulting in an increase in internal resistance and a decrease in capacity. It has problems such as increasing the electrolyte decomposition reaction due to expansion.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an electrode having high capacity is obtained by using silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method using a fired product of hydrogen silsesquioxane as a silicon oxide-based negative electrode active material containing amorphous silicon oxide having a nanoporous structure.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method in which a silicon compound obtained by hydrogen reduction by exposing silicon oxide to hydrogen plasma is used as a negative electrode active material.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that silicon oxide obtained by thermal decomposition after synthesizing a hydrogen silsesquioxane gel in the presence of a triblock copolymer is used as a negative electrode active material.
- any known technique using a silicon oxide-based compound is recognized to have a certain degree of improvement in the initial capacity, the capacity that can be used reversibly gradually decreases by repeatedly charging and discharging, Cycle characteristics that can withstand practical use have not been obtained. Furthermore, in order to obtain a negative electrode material, it is a technique which is inferior in productivity as a manufacturing method and consequently requires high cost.
- Lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode active material solves such problems of conventional negative electrode materials, and develops a negative electrode active material in which the obtained battery has higher capacity and excellent charge / discharge characteristics and cycle characteristics There is still a need for a manufacturing method that is excellent in productivity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery that has excellent cycle characteristics with improved charge / discharge capacity and capacity retention ratio, and a method for producing the same that is excellent in productivity. is there.
- the present inventors have obtained a secondary battery having excellent charge / discharge capacity and capacity maintenance when used as a negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the present inventors have found a negative electrode active material having good cycle characteristics with an improved rate and a method for producing the negative electrode active material excellent in productivity.
- a hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a silicon compound represented by the formula (1) is subjected to a heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a spectrum containing silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) and obtained by infrared spectroscopy the peak 1 derived from the Si—H bond at 820 to 920 cm ⁇ 1 is obtained.
- a negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a silicon oxide represented by a general formula SiOxHy (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.8, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4).
- each R is the same or different and is halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a group selected from unsubstituted arylalkoxy provided that it is a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- any hydrogen may be substituted with a halogen.
- a second aspect of the present invention is the negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the silicon compound is a trihalogenated silane or a trialkoxysilane. is there.
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) is heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 600 ° C. to 900 ° C. It is a negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries as described in the 1st or 2nd aspect of invention.
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) is heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 650 ° C. to 850 ° C. It is a negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries as described in the 1st or 2nd aspect of invention.
- a hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a silicon compound represented by the formula (1) is subjected to a heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a spectrum containing silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) and obtained by infrared spectroscopy the peak 1 derived from the Si—H bond at 820 to 920 cm ⁇ 1 is obtained.
- the ratio (I 1 / I 2 ) of the intensity (I 1 ) and the intensity (I 2 ) of peak 2 derived from the Si—O—Si bond at 1000 to 1200 cm ⁇ 1 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.35
- each R is the same or different and is halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a group selected from unsubstituted arylalkoxy provided that it is a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- any hydrogen may be substituted with a halogen.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein the silicon compound is a trihalogenated silane or a trialkoxysilane. It is a manufacturing method.
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) is heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 600 ° C. to 900 ° C. It is a manufacturing method of the negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries as described in the 5th or 6th aspect of invention.
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) is heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 650 ° C. to 850 ° C. It is a manufacturing method of the negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries as described in the 5th or 6th aspect of invention.
- a negative electrode active material containing a silicon oxide having a new structure obtained directly from a fired product of a hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) by heat treatment under an inert gas atmosphere can be provided at low cost. it can.
- the lithium ion secondary battery obtained using the negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries of this invention has the favorable cycling characteristics which the outstanding charging / discharging capacity
- the IR absorption spectrum figure of the silicon oxide manufactured by the Example and comparative example by infrared spectroscopy (IR). 2 is a microscopic (SEM) photograph of silicon oxide (1) produced in Example 1.
- FIG. The particle size distribution measurement figure of the silicon oxide (1) manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. The figure which shows the structural example of a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery.
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) according to the present invention is obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a silicon compound represented by the formula (1).
- R is the same or different and is a group selected from halogen, hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbons, and substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 20 carbons It is. However, in the substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, any hydrogen may be substituted with a halogen.
- silicon compound represented by the formula (1) include the following compounds.
- trihalogenated silane such as trichlorosilane, trifluorosilane, tribromosilane, dichlorosilane, dihalogenated silane, tri-n-butoxysilane, tri-t-butoxysilane, tri-n-propoxysilane, tri-i-propoxysilane, Trialkoxysilanes and dialkoxysilanes such as di-n-butoxyethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, and diethoxysilane, as well as aryloxysilanes or aryls such as triaryloxysilane, diaryloxysilane, and diaryloxyethoxysilane An oxyalkoxysilane is mentioned.
- trihalogenated silane or trialkoxysilane is preferable from the viewpoint of reaction and availability, and production cost, and trihalogenated silane is particularly preferable.
- These silicon compounds represented by the formula (1) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the silicon compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention has high hydrolyzability and condensation reactivity, and not only can a hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) be easily obtained, but also an inert gas. It is easy to control the Si—H bond amount of the silicon oxide obtained when heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere.
- HPSQ hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) according to the present invention is obtained by subjecting the silicon compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention to hydrolysis and condensation reactions.
- Hydrolysis can be carried out in a known manner, for example, in a solvent such as alcohol or DMF, in the presence of an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or an organic acid such as acetic acid and water, at room temperature or under heating. Therefore, in addition to the hydrolyzate of the silicon compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention, the reaction solution after hydrolysis may contain a solvent, an acid, water, and a substance derived therefrom. Good.
- the silicon compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention may not be completely hydrolyzed, and a part thereof may remain.
- the condensation polymerization reaction of the hydrolyzate also partially proceeds.
- the degree to which the polycondensation reaction proceeds can be controlled by the hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, acidity, and / or solvent, etc., for example, depending on the target silicon oxide as described later. Can be set.
- a method in which hydrolysis and condensation reaction are performed in parallel in the same condition in one reactor is more suitable.
- a silicon compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention is added to an acidic aqueous solution with stirring, and is -20 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably 0 ° C to 40 ° C, particularly preferably 10 ° C.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature of -30 ° C for 0.5 hours to 20 hours, preferably 1 hour to 10 hours, particularly preferably 1 hour to 5 hours.
- acidity it is usually preferable to adjust to pH 6 or less, more preferably pH 3 or less.
- an organic acid or an inorganic acid can be used.
- the organic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid
- examples of the inorganic acid include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.
- Hydrochloric acid is preferred because it can be easily carried out by controlling the polycondensation reaction, and can be easily obtained, adjusted in pH, and treated after the reaction.
- a halogenated silane such as a trihalogenated silane
- an acidic aqueous solution is formed in the presence of water. It is not necessary to add, and is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention is obtained by heat-treating the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) according to the present invention obtained by the above method in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the “inert gas” referred to in the present invention is required to contain no oxygen, but it is sufficient that the generation of silicon dioxide is suppressed to an extent that does not adversely affect the effects of the present invention when heat treating HPSQ. (That is, the value of I 1 / I 2 only needs to be within the numerical range defined in the present invention.) Therefore, it is sufficient that oxygen is removed so that the “inert gas” can also achieve its purpose.
- the composition of the silicon oxide thus obtained is measured by elemental analysis, it contains silicon (Si), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), and has a general formula SiOxHy (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.8). , 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4).
- x is in the range of 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.8, preferably 1.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.8, more preferably 1.3 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.7, it is easy to produce silicon oxide and sufficient Battery capacity is obtained.
- y is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4, preferably 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, the obtained secondary battery has good charge / discharge capacity and improved capacity retention. Has cycle characteristics.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention has a peak 1 intensity (I 1 ) derived from a Si—H bond at 820 to 920 cm ⁇ 1 and 1000 to 1200 cm in a spectrum measured by infrared spectroscopy (IR).
- the ratio (I 1 / I 2 ) of the intensity (I 2 ) of peak 2 derived from the Si—O—Si bond at ⁇ 1 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.35.
- the ratio (I 1 / I 2 ) between the intensity (I 1 ) of peak 1 and the intensity (I 2 ) of peak 2 is 0.01 to 0.35, preferably 0.01 to 0.30, more preferably If it is in the range of 0.03 to 0.20, good cycle characteristics and high charge / discharge capacity can be exhibited when a battery is formed due to the presence of an appropriate amount of Si—H bonds.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention is obtained by heat-treating the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) according to the present invention described above in an inert gas atmosphere.
- HPSQ hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer
- the heat treatment needs to be performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- silicon dioxide is generated, so that a desired composition and Si—H bond amount cannot be obtained.
- the inert gas include nitrogen, argon, helium and the like. These inert gases can be used without problems as long as they are of a generally used high purity standard. Further, heat treatment can be performed in an atmosphere from which oxygen is removed by high vacuum without using an inert gas.
- the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer begins to dehydrogenate Si—H bonds from around 600 ° C. to form Si—Si bonds.
- Si—Si bond When the Si—Si bond is appropriately grown, it becomes an excellent Li storage site and becomes a source of high charge capacity.
- the heat treatment time is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 1 to 8 hours.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention is obtained by the above heat treatment, the elemental analysis results described above are in the range of SiOxHy (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.8, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4) and infrared spectroscopy. If the heat treatment conditions are appropriately selected so that the ratio (I 1 / I 2 ) of the intensity (I 1 ) of peak 1 and the intensity (I 2 ) of peak 2 by the method falls within the range of 0.01 to 0.35 good.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention thus obtained is obtained by heat-treating a hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) obtained by the synthesis method of the present invention as its shape, so that the scanning shown in FIG. As is apparent from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, primary particles, which are spherical particles having a particle size of submicron, are further aggregated to form secondary aggregates having a particle size of several microns.
- HPSQ hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer
- the primary particles When the primary particles are small, when used as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery, the stress during expansion and contraction that occurs when charging and discharging are repeated as a secondary battery is relieved, cycle deterioration is suppressed, and cycle characteristics are suppressed. It is effective for improvement. Further, having a complicated secondary aggregation structure makes the binding property with the binder good, and further exhibits excellent cycle characteristics.
- the silicon oxide-based negative electrode active material As described above, the smaller the particle diameter of the silicon oxide-based negative electrode active material, the stress at the time of expansion / contraction can be reduced. If the particles are such, the contact area with the electrolytic solution also increases, and the amount of film-forming reaction on the surface of the negative electrode particles increases, leading to deterioration of cycle characteristics.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention since the silicon oxide according to the present invention has an appropriate particle size of submicron size and an appropriate specific surface area of 3 to 8 m 2 / g, it is caused by a film forming reaction with the electrolytic solution. It is considered that the effect of the capacity decrease is small and excellent cycle characteristics are obtained.
- the silicon oxide according to the present invention has a feature that the particle size distribution is very narrow. This narrow particle size distribution not only has good handleability during the production of the negative electrode, but can also increase the electrode density.
- the present invention provides a negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the silicon oxide.
- a material having a low electrical resistance of the electrode is required. Therefore, it is also an embodiment of the present invention to combine a carbon-based material with the silicon oxide.
- a method of compounding the carbon-based material with the silicon oxide by a mechanical fusion processing method such as mechanofusion or a vapor deposition method such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a ball mill or a vibration mill is also an embodiment of the present invention to combine a carbon-based material with the silicon oxide.
- a mechanical fusion processing method such as mechanofusion or a vapor deposition method such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a ball mill or a vibration mill.
- a method of dispersing a carbon-based material in the silicon oxide by a mechanical mixing method using the like is also an embodiment of the present invention to combine a carbon-based material with the silicon oxide.
- the carbon-based material precursor is converted into the silicon oxide by mixing the silicon oxide with the carbon-based material precursor and performing a heat treatment. It is also possible to combine the system materials.
- carbon-based material examples include carbon-based materials such as graphite, carbon black, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofoam, pitch-based carbon fiber, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon.
- the carbon-based material precursor according to the present invention includes carbon-containing organic compounds and polymers that can be converted into a carbon-based material by heat treatment.
- hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethylene, propylene and acetylene
- sugars such as sucrose, glucose and cellulose
- glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol
- phenol resin epoxy resin
- polyvinyl chloride examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polypyrrole, and petroleum pitch, coal tar pitch, and acetylene black.
- the composite ratio of the silicon oxide and the carbon-based material is preferably in the range of 5 to 90% by weight of the carbon-based material with respect to the total amount of the silicon oxide and the carbon-based material.
- the negative electrode in the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is manufactured using a negative electrode active material containing the silicon oxide or a silicon oxide obtained by combining the carbon-based material.
- a negative electrode active material formed by including the silicon oxide according to the present invention or a silicon oxide compounded with the carbon-based material and a negative electrode mixed material including a binder may be formed into a certain shape.
- the negative electrode mixed material may be manufactured by a method in which the negative electrode mixed material is applied to a current collector such as a copper foil.
- the method for forming the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- a current collector such as a rod-like body, a plate-like body, a foil-like body or a net-like body mainly composed of copper, nickel, stainless steel, or the negative electrode material composition separately on the support
- the negative electrode active material film peeled off from the support is laminated on the current collector to obtain a negative electrode plate.
- the negative electrode of the present invention is not limited to the above-listed forms, and forms other than the listed forms are possible.
- binder those commonly used in the secondary battery, a Si-H bonds and interactions on the anode active material, COO - as long as having a functional group such as a group, either Can also be used, and examples thereof include carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, alginic acid, glucomannan, amylose, saccharose, and derivatives and polymers thereof, as well as respective alkali metal salts, as well as polyimide resins and pomidamide resins. These binders may be used singly or as a mixture. Further, the binder is further improved in binding property with the current collector, improved in dispersibility, and improved in conductivity of the binder itself. A component imparting a function, for example, a styrene-butadiene rubber polymer or a styrene-isoprene rubber polymer may be added and mixed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode active material comprising the silicon oxide of the present invention can be produced as follows. First, a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly inserting and extracting Li, a conductive additive, a binder and a solvent are mixed to prepare a positive electrode active material composition. Similarly to the negative electrode, the positive electrode active material composition is directly coated and dried on a metal current collector as usual, to prepare a positive electrode plate. It is also possible to produce a positive electrode by separately casting the positive electrode active material composition on a support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from the support on a metal current collector. The method for forming the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- any lithium-containing composite metal oxide that is generally used in the field of the secondary battery can be used.
- Specific examples of the complex oxide include LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and LiFeO 2 .
- V 2 O 5 , TiS, MoS, etc. which are compounds capable of oxidation / reduction of lithium, can also be used.
- Carbon black, graphite fine particles, etc. are used as conductive aids, and binders such as vinylidene fluoride / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, and polytetramethacrylate.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Fluorinated ethylene and a mixture thereof, styrene butadiene rubber-based polymer can be used, and N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, water, etc. are used as a solvent.
- the contents of the positive electrode active material, the conductive additive, the binder, and the solvent are amounts that can be generally used in lithium ion secondary batteries.
- any separator that is generally used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used.
- those that have low resistance to ion migration of the electrolyte or that have excellent electrolyte solution impregnation ability are preferred.
- it is a material selected from glass fiber, polyester, Teflon (registered trademark), polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and a compound thereof, and may be a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. .
- a rollable separator made of a material such as polyethylene or polypropylene is used, and in the case of a lithium ion polymer battery, it has an excellent ability to impregnate an organic electrolyte.
- the method for forming the separator is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. For example, it can be manufactured by the following method.
- the separator composition is directly coated on the electrode and dried to form a separator film, or the separator composition is supported.
- the separator film peeled off from the support after casting and drying on the body can be laminated on the electrode.
- the polymer resin is not particularly limited, and any material used for the binder of the electrode plate can be used.
- a vinylidene fluoride / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate and a mixture thereof can be used.
- electrolyte examples include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, sulfolane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, dimethyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diethylene glycol or diethyl ether Or a mixed solvent thereof such as LIPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSb 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCl
- non-aqueous electrolytes and solid electrolytes can also be used.
- various ionic liquids to which lithium ions are added can be used, pseudo solid electrolytes in which ionic liquids and fine powders are mixed, lithium ion conductive solid electrolytes, and the like can be used.
- the above-mentioned electrolytic solution may appropriately contain a compound that promotes stable film formation on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- a compound that promotes stable film formation on the surface of the negative electrode active material for example, vinylene carbonate (VC), fluorobenzene, cyclic fluorinated carbonate [fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC), etc.], or chain fluorinated carbonate [trifluorodimethyl carbonate (TFDMC), Fluorinated carbonates such as trifluorodiethyl carbonate (TFDEC) and trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (TFEMC) are effective.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate and the chain fluorinated carbonate can also be used as a solvent, such as ethylene carbonate.
- a separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate as described above to form a battery structure.
- a battery structure When such a battery structure is wound or folded and put into a cylindrical battery case or a rectangular battery case, an electrolyte is injected to complete a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the battery structure is laminated in a bicell structure, it is impregnated with an organic electrolyte, and the obtained product is put in a pouch and sealed to complete a lithium ion polymer battery.
- the silicon oxide formed by heat-treating the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) according to the present invention is infrared spectroscopic as compared with conventional silicon oxide.
- IR in the spectrum measured by (IR)
- the ratio of strength (I 2 ) (I 1 / I 2 ) is in the range of 0.01 to 0.35, and as shown in the elemental analysis values in Table 1, the general formula SiOxHy (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. 8, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4), the lithium ion secondary battery manufactured using the negative electrode active material containing the silicon oxide has a high capacity. And excellent charge / discharge characteristics and I think can exhibit Le characteristics.
- the silicon oxides prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to various analyzes and evaluations.
- “Infrared spectroscopy measurement” and “elemental analysis measurement” measuring apparatus and measurement method and “evaluation of battery characteristics” in each example and comparative example are as follows.
- Infrared spectroscopy measurement uses Nicolet iS5 FT-IR manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific as an infrared spectrometer, and transmission measurement by KBr method (resolution: 4 cm ⁇ 1 , number of scans: 16 times, data interval: 1.928 cm ⁇ 1 , detector at DTGS KBr), 820 ⁇ 920cm -1 intensity of peak 1 derived from Si-H bonds in the (I 1) and the peak 2 from Si-O-Si bond in 1000 ⁇ 1200 cm -1 Strength (I 2 ) was measured. Each peak intensity was obtained by connecting the start point and end point of the target peak with a straight line, partially correcting the baseline, and then measuring the height from the baseline to the peak top.
- elemental analysis For elemental composition analysis, after the sample powder is hardened into a pellet, the sample is irradiated with He ions accelerated to 2.3 MeV, and the energy spectrum of backscattered particles and the energy spectrum of forward-scattered hydrogen atoms are analyzed. Thus, the RBS (Rutherford backscattering analysis) / HFS (hydrogen forward scattering analysis) method was used to obtain a highly accurate composition value including hydrogen.
- the measurement apparatus is Pelletron 3SDH manufactured by National Electrostatics Corporation. Incident ion: 2.3 MeV He, RBS / HFS simultaneous measurement, Incident angle: 75 deg. , Scattering angle: 160 deg. Sample current: 4 nA, beam diameter: 2 mm ⁇ .
- particle size distribution measurement The particle size distribution was measured by laser diffraction using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer (LS-230, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) in which the sample powder was ultrasonically dispersed in pure water.
- BET specific surface area The BET specific surface area was measured by charging 1 g of the sample powder into the measuring cell, drying it at 250 ° C. for 2 hours using a mantle heater while purging with nitrogen gas, cooling to room temperature over 1 hour, Measured at
- the charge / discharge characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery or the like using the negative electrode active material containing the silicon oxide of the present invention were measured as follows. Using BTS2005W manufactured by Nagano Co., Ltd., with a current of 100 mA per gram of silicon oxide, the Li electrode was charged with a constant current until reaching 0.001 V, and then the current was maintained while maintaining a voltage of 0.001 V. Constant voltage charging was performed until the current value was 20 mA or less per 1 g of active material. The charged cell was subjected to a constant current discharge until the voltage reached 1.5 V at a current of 100 mA per gram of active material after a rest period of about 30 minutes. The charge capacity was calculated from the integrated current value until the constant voltage charge was completed, and the discharge capacity was calculated from the integrated current value until the battery voltage reached 1.5V. At the time of switching between charge and discharge, the circuit was paused for 30 minutes.
- the charge / discharge cycle characteristics were also performed under the same conditions.
- the charge / discharge efficiency was the ratio of the discharge capacity to the initial (first charge / discharge cycle) charge capacity
- the capacity retention ratio was the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 100th charge / discharge cycle to the initial discharge capacity.
- Example 1 (Preparation of silicon oxide) After placing 20.0 g of the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (1) obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 on an SSA-S grade alumina boat, the boat was placed in a vacuum purge tube furnace KTF43N1-VPS ( Set at Koyo Thermo System Co., Ltd., and the heat treatment conditions were argon gas (high purity argon gas 99.999%), supplying argon gas at a flow rate of 250 ml / min, at a rate of 4 ° C./min The silicon oxide was obtained by heating at 800 degreeC and baking at 800 degreeC for 1 hour.
- KTF43N1-VPS Set at Koyo Thermo System Co., Ltd.
- FIG. 1 shows the result of infrared spectroscopic measurement of the obtained silicon oxide (1), and Table 1 shows the result of elemental analysis.
- the slurry after the dispersion treatment was applied to a copper foil roll with a thickness of 200 ⁇ m by a doctor blade method. After coating, it was dried for 90 minutes on a hot plate at 80 ° C. After drying, the negative electrode sheet was pressed with a 2t small precision roll press (manufactured by Sank Metal). After pressing, an electrode was punched with a ⁇ 14.50 mm electrode punch punch HSNG-EP, and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 16 hours in a glass tube oven GTO-200 (SIBATA) to prepare a negative electrode body.
- SIBATA glass tube oven
- a 2032 type coin battery having the structure shown in FIG. 4 was prepared. Using the negative electrode body as the negative electrode 1, metallic lithium as the counter electrode 3, and a microporous polypropylene film as the separator 2, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a rate of 1 mol / L as the electrolyte solution 1: 1 (volume ratio) mixed with 5% by weight of fluoroethylene carbonate was used. Next, the battery characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery were evaluated by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 The silicon oxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (2) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (1). Silicon oxide (2) was obtained. About this silicon oxide (2), the negative electrode body was created similarly to Example 1, and the battery characteristic of the lithium ion secondary battery was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results of elemental analysis and battery characteristics evaluation of silicon oxide (2).
- Example 3 Silicon oxide (3) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the baking temperature in the heat treatment was set to 700 ° C. in the preparation of silicon oxide. About this silicon oxide (3), the negative electrode body was created similarly to Example 1, and the battery characteristic of the lithium ion secondary battery was evaluated.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of infrared spectroscopic measurement of silicon oxide (3)
- Table 1 shows the results of elemental analysis
- Table 1 shows the results of battery characteristic evaluation.
- Example 4 4.25 g of silicon oxide (1) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and 0.5 g of acetylene black were added to 25 g of a 2% by weight aqueous solution of sodium alginate, and then a stirrer was used in the flask. A slurry composition was prepared by mixing for 15 minutes. A negative electrode body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the slurry composition was used, and the battery characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery were evaluated.
- a negative electrode body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silicon oxide (4) obtained in the preparation of the silicon oxide was used.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode body prepared from the silicon oxide compound (4) was used as the negative electrode body, and the battery characteristics were evaluated. The battery characteristic evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 1 shows the result of infrared spectroscopic measurement of the obtained silicon oxide (5)
- Table 1 shows the result of elemental analysis.
- a negative electrode body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silicon oxide (5) was used.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained negative electrode body was used. The battery characteristics were evaluated. The battery characteristic evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- silicon monoxide powder having a maximum particle size of 32 ⁇ m was obtained by classifying commercially available silicon monoxide (under 325 mesh manufactured by Aldrich) using a 32 ⁇ m stainless steel sieve.
- Table 1 shows the results of infrared spectroscopic measurement and elemental analysis of the silicon monoxide used.
- a negative electrode body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above silicon monoxide was used instead of the silicon oxide (1), and the same as in Example 1 except that the obtained negative electrode body was used.
- An ion secondary battery was prepared and the battery characteristics were evaluated. The battery characteristic evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the silicon oxide having an appropriate amount of Si—H bond produced from the hydrogen silsesquioxane polymer (HPSQ) used in the present invention has both the initial capacity and the discharge capacity at the 100th time.
- the negative active material of the present invention is practically used as a negative electrode material. It can be evaluated as tolerable.
- Battery characteristics employing the negative electrode using the negative electrode active material prepared from the silicon oxide having a low Si—H bond shown in Comparative Example 1 and the silicon oxide obtained by a method other than the present invention (Comparative Example 3) Compared with the characteristics of the battery produced under the same conditions as the negative electrode employing the negative electrode active material of the present invention, although the initial discharge capacity shows a certain value, the capacity rapidly decreases, and further, the carbon-based negative electrode It is a negative electrode active material that cannot exhibit the characteristics of a battery such as a conventional battery, such as having a lower capacity than that using an active material. Further, the battery characteristics using the negative electrode using the negative electrode active material prepared from the silicon oxide having too many Si—H bonds shown in Comparative Example 2 have good cycle characteristics, but the initial discharge capacity is extremely low. Poor utility.
- Lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode active material of the present invention and a lithium ion battery using the same to form a negative electrode and use it in a lithium ion secondary battery has excellent capacity, and has excellent charge / discharge characteristics and cycle characteristics An ion secondary battery can be obtained.
- the present invention is a technique useful in the field of batteries, particularly in the field of secondary batteries.
- Negative electrode material 2 Separator 3: Lithium counter electrode
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
さらに詳細には、特定のケイ素化合物を加水分解後、縮合反応をさせて得られる、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理して得られる、ケイ素(Si)、酸素(O)及び水素(H)を含有し、赤外分光法により測定したスペクトルにおいて、820~920cm-1にあるSi-H結合に由来するピーク1の強度(I1)と1000~1200cm-1にあるSi-O-Si結合に由来するピーク2の強度(I2)の比(I1/I2)が0.01から0.35の範囲にある、一般式SiOxHy(1<x<1.8、0.01<y<0.4)で表示されるケイ素酸化物を含んでなる、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法に関する。
このような小型、軽量な高容量の二次電池としては、今日、リチウムイオンを層間から放出するリチウムインターカレーション化合物を正極物質に、リチウムイオンを結晶面間の層間に充放電時に吸蔵放出(インターカレート)できる黒鉛などに代表される炭素質材料を負極物質に用いた、ロッキングチェア-型のリチウムイオン電池の開発が進み、実用化されて一般的に使用されている。
そこで、かかるリチウム金属に代わる負極活物質として、リチウムを吸蔵、放出する炭素系負極が用いられるようになった。
炭素系負極を使用するリチウムイオン二次電池は、本質的に低い電池容量を有する。例えば、使用されている炭素として最も結晶性の高い黒鉛の場合にも、理論的な容量は、LiC6の組成であるとき、372mAh/gほどである。これは、リチウム金属の理論的な容量が3860mAh/gであることに比べれば、僅か10%ほどに過ぎない。そこで、金属負極が有する既存の問題点にもかかわらず、再びリチウムのような金属を負極に導入し、電池の容量を向上させようという研究が活発に試みられている。
例えば、特許文献1にはケイ素酸化物をリチウムイオン二次電池の負極活物質として使用し、高容量を有する電極を得ることが開示されている。
また、特許文献2にはナノ気孔構造を含む非晶質ケイ素酸化物を含むケイ素酸化物系負極活物質として、水素シルセスキオキサンの焼成物を用いる方法が提案されている。 さらに、特許文献3にはケイ素酸化物を水素プラズマに暴露することにより水素還元されたケイ素化合物を負極活物質に用いる方法の記載がある。
さらにまた、非特許文献1にはトリブロックコポリマー存在下で水素シルセスキオキサンゲルを合成後、熱分解させて得られたケイ素酸化物を負極活物質に用いることが開示されている。
さらに、負極材料を得るには製造方法として生産性に劣り、結果として高いコストを必要とする技術であった。
本発明の課題は、その要求に応える、優れた充放電容量と容量維持率が向上した良好なサイクル特性を有する二次電池用負極活物質および生産性に優れたその製造方法を提供することである。
(式中、Rは、それぞれ同一あるいは異なる、ハロゲン、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシから選択される基である。但し、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ基、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシ基において、任意の水素はハロゲンで置換されていてもよい。)
(式中、Rは、それぞれ同一あるいは異なる、ハロゲン、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシから選択される基である。但し、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ基、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシ基において、任意の水素はハロゲンで置換されていてもよい。)
また、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質を用いて得られるリチウムイオン二次電池は、優れた充放電容量と容量維持率が向上した良好なサイクル特性を有している。
<水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)の製造>
本発明に係る水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)は、式(1)で示されるケイ素化合物を加水分解および縮合反応をさせて得られる。
式(1)において、Rは、それぞれ同一あるいは異なる、ハロゲン、水素、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ、および炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシから選択される基である。但し、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ基、および炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ基において、任意の水素はハロゲンで置換されていてもよい。
例えば、トリクロロシラン、トリフルオロシラン、トリブロモシラン、ジクロロシラン等のトリハロゲン化シランやジハロゲン化シラン、トリn-ブトキシシラン、トリt-ブトキシシラン、トリn-プロポキシシラン、トリi-プロポキシシラン、ジn-ブトキシエトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、トリメトキシシラン、ジエトキシシラン等のトリアルコキシシランやジアルコキシシラン、更にはトリアリールオキシシラン、ジアリールオキシシラン、ジアリールオキシエトキシシラン等のアリールオキシシランまたはアリールオキシアルコキシシランが挙げられる。
加水分解は、公知の方法、例えば、アルコール又はDMF等の溶媒中、塩酸等の無機酸又は酢酸等の有機酸および水の存在下、常温又は加熱下で、実施することができる。したがって、加水分解後の反応液中には本発明に係る式(1)で表されるケイ素化合物の加水分解物に加えて、溶媒、酸及び水並びにこれらに由来する物質を含有していてもよい。
この時、加水分解反応に加えて、加水分解物の縮重合反応も部分的に進行する。
ここで、縮重合反応が進行する程度は、加水分解温度、加水分解時間、酸性度、及び/又は、溶媒等によって制御でき、例えば、後述するように目的とするケイ素酸化物に応じて適宜に設定することができる。
反応条件としては、撹拌下、酸性水溶液中に本発明に係る式(1)で表されるケイ素化合物を添加し、-20℃~50℃、好ましくは0℃~40℃、特に好ましくは10℃~30℃の温度で0.5時間~20時間、好ましくは1時間~10時間、特に好ましくは1時間~5時間反応させる。
具体的には、有機酸としてはギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、シュウ酸、クエン酸などが例示され、無機酸としては塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸などが例示されるが、加水分解反応およびその後の重縮合反応を制御して行うことが容易にでき、入手やpH調整、および反応後の処理も容易であることから塩酸が好ましい。
また、本発明に係る式(1)で表されるケイ素化合物としてトリハロゲン化シラン等のハロゲン化シランを用いた場合には、水の存在下で酸性水溶液が形成されるので、特に酸を別途加える必要は無く、本発明の好ましい態様の一つである。
<ケイ素酸化物およびその製造方法>
熱処理は、詳細を前に述べた通り、不活性ガス雰囲気下で行う必要がある。酸素が存在する雰囲気下で熱処理を行うと二酸化ケイ素が生成することにより、所望の組成とSi-H結合量が得られない。
不活性ガスとしては、窒素、アルゴン、ヘリウムなどが挙げられる。これらの不活性ガスは、一般に使用されている高純度規格のものであれば問題なく使用できる。また、不活性気体を用いることなく、高真空により酸素を除去した雰囲気にし、熱処理することもできる。
従って、高容量と良好なサイクル特性を共に発現させるには適量のSi-H結合を残存させることが必要となり、そのような条件を満足させる熱処理温度は600℃から900℃、好ましくは650℃から850℃、より好ましくは750℃から850℃である。
熱処理時間は、特に限定されないが、通常30分から10時間、好ましくは1から8時間である。
本発明は、前記ケイ素酸化物を含んでなるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質を提供する。
従って、前記ケイ素酸化物に炭素系物質を複合させることも本発明の一態様である。
炭素系物質を複合させるには、メカノフュージョンなどの機械的融合処理法やCVD(chemical vapor deposition)等の蒸着法により、前記ケイ素酸化物に炭素系物質を複合化させる方法や、 ボールミルあるいは振動ミル等を用いた機械的混合法等により、前記ケイ素酸化物内に炭素系物質を分散させる方法が挙げられる。
例えば、メタン、エチレン、プロピレンやアセチレン等の炭化水素ガス類、スクロース、グルコース、セルロース等の糖類、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等のグリコール類、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリピロール、更には石油ピッチ、コールタールピッチ、アセチレンブラックが挙げられる。
本発明に係るリウムイオン二次電池における負極は、前記ケイ素酸化物あるいは前記炭素系物質を複合させたケイ素酸化物を含有する負極活物質を用いて製造される。
例えば、本発明に係る前記のケイ素酸化物あるいは前記炭素系物質を複合させたケイ素酸化物を含んで形成された負極活物質および結着剤を含む負極混合材料を一定の形状に成形してもよく、該負極混合材料を銅箔などの集電体に塗布させる方法で製造されたものでもよい。負極の成形方法は、特に限定されず、公知の方法を用いることができる。
本発明のケイ素酸化物を含んでなる負極活物質を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池は、次のように製造できる。
まず、Liを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出可能な正極活物質、導電助剤、結着剤及び溶媒を混合して正極活物質組成物を準備する。前記正極活物質組成物を負極と同様、通常に行われているとおり、金属集電体上に直接コーティング及び乾燥し、正極板を準備する。
前記正極活物質組成物を別途、支持体上にキャスティングした後、この支持体から剥離して得たフィルムを金属集電体上にラミネートして正極を製造することも可能である。正極の成形方法は、特に限定されず、公知の方法を用いることができる。
この時、正極活物質、導電助剤、結着剤及び溶媒の含有量は、リチウムイオン二次電池で一般的に使用することができる量とする。
より具体的には、リチウムイオン二次電池の場合には、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンのような材料からなる巻き取り可能なセパレータを使用し、リチウムイオンポリマー電池の場合には、有機電解液含浸能に優れたセパレータを使用するが、かかるセパレータの成形方法は、特に限定されず、公知の方法を用いることができる。例えば、下記方法によって製造可能である。
前記高分子樹脂は、特に限定されず、電極板の結着剤に使われる物質が何れも使用可能である。例えば、フッ化ビニリデン/六フッ化プロピレン共重合体、フッ化ポリビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリメチルメタクリレート及びその混合物などが使用できる。
各実施例及び比較例における「赤外分光法測定」および「元素分析測定」の測定装置及び測定方法並びに「電池特性の評価」は、以下のとおりである。
赤外分光法測定は、赤外分光装置として、Thermo Fisher Scientific製 Nicolet iS5 FT-IRを用いて、KBr法による透過測定(分解能4cm-1、スキャン回数16回、データ間隔 1.928cm-1、検出器 DTGS KBr)にて、820~920cm-1にあるSi-H結合に由来するピーク1の強度(I1)および、1000~1200cm-1にあるSi-O-Si結合に由来するピーク2の強度(I2)を測定した。なお、各々のピーク強度は、対象のピークの始点と終点を直線で結び、部分的にベースライン補正を行った後、ベースラインからピークトップまでの高さを計測して求めた。
元素組成分析については、試料粉末をペレット状に固めたのち、2.3MeVに加速したHeイオンを試料に照射し、後方散乱粒子のエネルギースペクトル、及び前方散乱された水素原子のエネルギースペクトルを解析することにより水素を含めた確度の高い組成値が得られるRBS(ラザフォード後方散乱分析)/HFS(水素前方散乱分析)法により行った。測定装置はNational Electrostatics Corporation製 Pelletron 3SDHにて、入射イオン:2.3MeV He、RBS/HFS同時測定時入射角:75deg.、散乱角:160deg.、試料電流:4nA、ビーム径:2mmφの条件で測定した。
粒度分布測定は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分測定装置(ベックマンコールター社製、LS-230)を用いて、試料粉末を純水中に超音波分散させレーザー回折法により測定した。
BET比表面積は、試料粉末1gを測定セルに投入後、窒素ガスでパージしながらマントルヒーターを用いて、250℃で2時間乾燥後、1時間かけて室温まで冷却したのち、マルバーン社製、Nove4200eにて測定した。
本発明のケイ素酸化物を含有する負極活物質を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池等の充放電特性は、次のようにして測定した。
株式会社ナガノ製BTS2005Wを用い、ケイ素酸化物1g重量あたり、100mAの電流で、Li電極に対して0.001Vに達するまで定電流充電し、次に0.001Vの電圧を維持しつつ、電流が活物質1g当たり20mA以下の電流値になるまで定電圧充電を実施した。
充電が完了したセルは、約30分間の休止期間を経た後、活物質1g当たり100mAの電流で電圧が1.5Vに達するまで定電流放電を行った。
また、充電容量は、定電圧充電が終了するまで積算電流値から計算し、放電容量は、電池電圧が1.5Vに到達するまでの積算電流値から計算した。各充放電の切り替え時には、30分間、開回路で休止した。
なお、充放電効率は、初回(充放電の第1サイクル目)の充電容量に対する放電容量の比率とし、容量維持率は初回の放電容量に対する、充放電100サイクル目の放電容量の比率とした。
(合成例1)
300mlの三つ口フラスコに、純水96gを仕込んだ後、フラスコ内を窒素にて置換した。続いてフラスコを氷冷しながら、撹拌下にトリクロロシラン16.0g(118mmol)を20℃にて滴下した。滴下終了後、撹拌しながら20℃にて加水分解反応および縮合反応を2時間行った。
反応時間経過後、メンブランフィルター(孔径0.45μm、親水性)を用いて反応物をろ過し、固体を回収した。得られた固体を80℃にて10時間、減圧乾燥し、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(1)6.03gを得た。
3lのセパラブルフラスコに、36重量%濃度の塩酸12.2g(120mmol)及び純水1.19kgを仕込み、撹拌下にトリメトキシシラン(東京化成)167g(1.37mol)を25℃にて滴下した。滴下終了後、撹拌しながら25℃にて加水分解反応および縮合反応を2時間行った。
反応時間経過後、反応物をメンブランフィルター(孔径0.45μm、親水性)にてろ過し、固体を回収した。得られた固体を80℃にて10時間、減圧乾燥し、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(2)76.0gを得た。
(ケイ素酸化物の調製)
SSA-Sグレードのアルミナ製ボートに、合成例1と同様にして得られた水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(1)20.0gをのせた後、該ボートを真空パージ式チューブ炉 KTF43N1-VPS(光洋サーモシステム社製)にセットし、熱処理条件として、アルゴンガス雰囲気下(高純度アルゴンガス99.999%)にて、アルゴンガスを250ml/分の流量で供給しつつ、4℃/分の割合で昇温し、800℃で1時間焼成することで、ケイ素酸化物を得た。
次いで、得られたケイ素酸化物を乳鉢にて5分間解砕粉砕し、目開き32μmのステンレス製篩を用いて分級することにより最大粒子径が32μmである粉粒状のケイ素酸化物(1)、18.9gを得た。
得られたケイ素酸化物(1)の赤外分光測定の結果を図1に、元素分析結果を表1に示す。
カルボキシメチルセルロースの2重量%水溶液20g中に、前記ケイ素酸化物(1)3.2gと0.4gのアセチレンブラックを加え、フラスコ内で攪拌子を用いて15分間混合した後、固形分濃度が15重量%となるよう蒸留水を加え、さらに15分間撹拌してスラリー状組成物を作成した。このスラリー状組成物をプライミックス社製の薄膜旋回型高速ミキサー(フィルミックス40-40型)に移し、回転数20m/sで30秒間、撹拌分散を行った。分散処理後のスラリーを、ドクターブレード法により、銅箔ロール上にスラリーを200μmの厚さにて塗工した。
塗工後、80℃のホットプレートにて90分間乾燥した。乾燥後、負極シートを2t小型精密ロールプレス(サンクメタル社製)にてプレスした。プレス後、φ14.50mmの電極打ち抜きパンチHSNG-EPにて電極を打ち抜き、ガラスチューブオーブンGTO―200(SIBATA)にて、80℃で、16時間減圧乾燥を行い、負極体を作成した。
図4に示す構造の2032型コイン電池を作成した。負極1として上記負極体、対極3として金属リチウム、セパレータ2として微多孔性のポリプロピレン製フィルムを使用し、電解液としてLiPF6を1モル/Lの割合で溶解させたエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネート1:1(体積比)混合溶媒にフルオロエチレンカーボネイトを5重量%添加したものを使用した。
次いで、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池特性の評価を既述の方法で実施した。
結果を表1に示す。
ケイ素酸化物の調製において、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(1)の代わりに合成例2で得た、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(2)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、ケイ素酸化物(2)を得た。
該ケイ素酸化物(2)について、実施例1と同様に負極体を作成し、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池特性を評価した。
ケイ素酸化物(2)の、元素分析結果および電池特性評価結果を表1に示す。
ケイ素酸化物の調製において、熱処理における焼成温度を700℃にしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、ケイ素酸化物(3)を得た。
該ケイ素酸化物(3)について、実施例1と同様に負極体を作成し、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池特性を評価した。
ケイ素酸化物(3)の赤外分光測定の結果を図1に、元素分析結果を表1に、また、電池特性評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同様の方法で得られたケイ素酸化物(1)4.25gおよびアセチレンブラック0.5gを、アルギン酸ナトリウムの2重量%水溶液25g中に加えた後、フラスコ内で攪拌子を用いて15分混合しスラリー状組成物を作成した。該スラリー状組成物を用いること以外は実施例1と同様に負極体を作成し、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池特性を評価した。
(ケイ素酸化物の調製)
ケイ素酸化物の調製において、熱処理における焼成温度を1000℃にしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、ケイ素酸化物(4)を得た。
得られたケイ素酸化物(4)の赤外分光測定の結果を図1に、元素分析結果を表1に示す。
前記ケイ素酸化物の調製で得られたケイ素酸化物(4)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に行い負極体を作成した。
(リチウムイオン二次電池の作成及び評価)
負極体として、前記ケイ素酸化物化合物(4)から作成された負極体を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作成し、電池特性を評価した。電池特性評価結果を表1に示す。
ケイ素酸化物の調製において、熱処理における焼成温度を500℃にしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、ケイ素酸化物(5)を得た。
得られたケイ素酸化物(5)の赤外分光測定の結果を図1に、元素分析結果を表1に示す。
上記ケイ素酸化物(5)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に行い負極体を作成し、得られた負極体を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作成し、電池特性を評価した。電池特性評価結果を表1に示す。
ケイ素酸化物として、市販の一酸化珪素(アルドリッチ社製 under325mesh)を32μmのステンレス製篩を用いて分級することにより最大粒子径が32μmである一酸化ケイ素粉末を用いた。
用いた一酸化ケイ素の赤外分光測定の結果、及び元素分析結果を表1に示す。
上記一酸化ケイ素をケイ素酸化物(1)の代わりに用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に行い負極体を作成し、得られた負極体を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作成し、電池特性を評価した。電池特性評価結果を表1に示す。
また、比較例2において示したSi-H結合の多すぎるケイ素酸化物から作成された負極活物質を用いた負極を採用した電池特性は、サイクル特性は良好なものの、初回の放電容量が極めて低く実用性に乏しい。
2:セパレータ
3:リチウム対極
Claims (8)
- 式(1)で示されるケイ素化合物を加水分解および縮合反応をさせて得られる、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理して得られる、ケイ素(Si)、酸素(O)及び水素(H)を含有し、赤外分光法により測定したスペクトルにおいて、820~920cm-1にあるSi-H結合に由来するピーク1の強度(I1)と1000~1200cm-1にあるSi-O-Si結合に由来するピーク2の強度(I2)の比(I1/I2)が0.01から0.35の範囲にある、一般式SiOxHy(1<x<1.8、0.01<y<0.4)で表示されるケイ素酸化物を含んでなる、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
HSi(R)3 (1)
(式中、Rは、それぞれ同一あるいは異なる、ハロゲン、水素、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシから選択される基である。但し、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ基、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシ基において、任意の水素はハロゲンで置換されていてもよい。) - 前記、ケイ素化合物がトリハロゲン化シランまたはトリアルコキシシランであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理する際の温度が600℃から900℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理する際の温度が650℃から850℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
- 式(1)で示されるケイ素化合物を加水分解および縮合反応をさせて得られる、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理して得られる、ケイ素(Si)、酸素(O)及び水素(H)を含有し、赤外分光法により測定したスペクトルにおいて、820~920cm-1にあるSi-H結合に由来するピーク1の強度(I1)と1000~1200cm-1にあるSi-O-Si結合に由来するピーク2の強度(I2)の比(I1/I2)が0.01から0.35の範囲にある、一般式SiOxHy(1<x<1.8、0.01<y<0.4)で表示されるケイ素酸化物を含んでなる、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
HSi(R) 3 (1)
(式中、Rは、それぞれ同一あるいは異なる、ハロゲン、水素、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシから選択される基である。但し、炭素数1~10の置換または非置換のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~20の置換または非置換のアリールオキシ基、および炭素数7~30の置換または非置換のアリールアルコキシ基において、任意の水素はハロゲンで置換されていてもよい。) - 前記、ケイ素化合物がトリハロゲン化シランまたはトリアルコキシシランであることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理する際の温度が600℃から900℃であることを特徴とする、請求項5または請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記、水素シルセスキオキサン重合物(HPSQ)を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、熱処理する際の温度が650℃から850℃であることを特徴とする、請求項5または請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16824345.9A EP3322007A4 (en) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-06 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE FOR LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
KR1020177037035A KR20180028991A (ko) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-06 | 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 그의 제조 방법 |
US15/742,523 US10847784B2 (en) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-06 | Negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary battery and method for producing same |
JP2017528620A JP6620812B2 (ja) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-06 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法 |
CN201680040554.1A CN107851784A (zh) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-06 | 锂离子二次电池用负极活性物质及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015138917 | 2015-07-10 | ||
JP2015-138917 | 2015-07-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017010365A1 true WO2017010365A1 (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
Family
ID=57757968
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/069986 WO2017010365A1 (ja) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-06 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10847784B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3322007A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6620812B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20180028991A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107851784A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI692904B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017010365A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018003150A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Jnc株式会社 | シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン、その焼成物、及びそれらの製造方法 |
JP2019119638A (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-22 | Jnc株式会社 | シリコン系ナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン、ケイ素酸化物構造体及びそれらの製造方法 |
JP2019178038A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | Jnc株式会社 | 球状水素ポリシルセスキオキサン微粒子及び球状ケイ素酸化物微粒子並びにこれらの製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6955696B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-10-27 | Jnc株式会社 | 二次電池負極用組成物並びにこれを用いた二次電池用負極及び二次電池 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004081084A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-23 | Chisso Corporation | シルセスキオキサン誘導体を用いて得られる重合体 |
WO2014002602A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | Jnc株式会社 | 二次電池用負極活物質及びその製造方法、それを用いた負極並びにリチウムイオン電池 |
JP2016031868A (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池、電池用電極シート、電池用電極シートの製造方法、固体電解質組成物、固体電解質組成物の製造方法、および全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2027031A1 (en) * | 1989-10-18 | 1991-04-19 | Loren A. Haluska | Hermetic substrate coatings in an inert gas atmosphere |
JP2997741B2 (ja) | 1992-07-29 | 2000-01-11 | セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2007213825A (ja) | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池と、その負極活物質および負極、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
KR100851969B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-05 | 2008-08-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 음극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 이를 채용한 음극과 리튬전지 |
US8551655B2 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2013-10-08 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Negative active material for secondary lithium battery and secondary lithium battery |
KR101723186B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-07 | 2017-04-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
TW201826598A (zh) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-16 | 日商捷恩智股份有限公司 | 含有矽奈米粒子的氫聚倍半矽氧烷燒結體-金屬氧化物複合體及其製造方法、鋰離子電池用負極活性物質、鋰離子電池用負極以及鋰離子電池 |
CN110191861A (zh) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-08-30 | 捷恩智株式会社 | 聚倍半硅氧烷被覆硅纳米粒子或其烧结体及其制造方法、锂离子电池用负极活性物质、锂离子电池用负极以及锂离子电池 |
TW201826600A (zh) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-16 | 日商捷恩智股份有限公司 | 含有矽奈米粒子的氫聚倍半矽氧烷燒結體、鋰離子電池用負極活性物質、鋰離子電池用負極以及鋰離子電池 |
-
2016
- 2016-07-06 EP EP16824345.9A patent/EP3322007A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-07-06 US US15/742,523 patent/US10847784B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-07-06 CN CN201680040554.1A patent/CN107851784A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-07-06 WO PCT/JP2016/069986 patent/WO2017010365A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-07-06 KR KR1020177037035A patent/KR20180028991A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-07-06 TW TW105121301A patent/TWI692904B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2016-07-06 JP JP2017528620A patent/JP6620812B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004081084A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-23 | Chisso Corporation | シルセスキオキサン誘導体を用いて得られる重合体 |
WO2014002602A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | Jnc株式会社 | 二次電池用負極活物質及びその製造方法、それを用いた負極並びにリチウムイオン電池 |
JP2016031868A (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池、電池用電極シート、電池用電極シートの製造方法、固体電解質組成物、固体電解質組成物の製造方法、および全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3322007A4 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018003150A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Jnc株式会社 | シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン、その焼成物、及びそれらの製造方法 |
US11027978B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2021-06-08 | Jnc Corporation | Silicon nanoparticle-containing hydrogen polysilsesquioxane, calcined product thereof, production method therefor, active material, negative electrode, and lithium ion battery |
JP2019119638A (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-22 | Jnc株式会社 | シリコン系ナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン、ケイ素酸化物構造体及びそれらの製造方法 |
JP2019178038A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | Jnc株式会社 | 球状水素ポリシルセスキオキサン微粒子及び球状ケイ素酸化物微粒子並びにこれらの製造方法 |
JP7052495B2 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2022-04-12 | Jnc株式会社 | 球状水素ポリシルセスキオキサン微粒子及び球状ケイ素酸化物微粒子並びにこれらの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI692904B (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
CN107851784A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
JPWO2017010365A1 (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
US10847784B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
EP3322007A4 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
EP3322007A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
US20180212228A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
KR20180028991A (ko) | 2018-03-19 |
JP6620812B2 (ja) | 2019-12-18 |
TW201711256A (zh) | 2017-03-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6183362B2 (ja) | 二次電池用負極活物質及びその製造方法、それを用いた負極並びにリチウムイオン電池 | |
KR101494715B1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 그리고 이를 포함하는 음극 및 리튬 이차 전지 | |
US11031591B2 (en) | Polysilsesquioxane covered silicon nanoparticles or calcined product thereof and production method thereof, negative electrode active material for lithium ion battery, negative electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery | |
US20080166634A1 (en) | Anode active material, method of preparing the same, and anode and lithium battery containing the material | |
US11027978B2 (en) | Silicon nanoparticle-containing hydrogen polysilsesquioxane, calcined product thereof, production method therefor, active material, negative electrode, and lithium ion battery | |
US10770717B2 (en) | Composition for secondary battery negative electrode and negative electrode for secondary battery using the same and secondary battery | |
WO2017175812A1 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法 | |
JP6645514B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法 | |
WO2018131606A1 (ja) | シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン焼成物-金属酸化物複合体及びその製造方法、リチウムイオン電池用負極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用負極、及びリチウムイオン電池 | |
JP6620812B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法 | |
JP6727558B2 (ja) | シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン焼成物、リチウムイオン電池用負極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用負極、及びリチウムイオン電池 | |
JP2019040806A (ja) | リチウムイオン電池用負極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用負極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン電池用負極、およびリチウムイオン電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16824345 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017528620 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177037035 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15742523 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |