WO2017043983A1 - Insulating and accumulation construction partition and a method for its production - Google Patents
Insulating and accumulation construction partition and a method for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017043983A1 WO2017043983A1 PCT/PL2015/000150 PL2015000150W WO2017043983A1 WO 2017043983 A1 WO2017043983 A1 WO 2017043983A1 PL 2015000150 W PL2015000150 W PL 2015000150W WO 2017043983 A1 WO2017043983 A1 WO 2017043983A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- partition
- cellular concrete
- phase
- change material
- resin
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002135 phase contrast microscopy Methods 0.000 description 66
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011376 self-consolidating concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
- B28B11/043—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material filling cavities or chambers of hollow blocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
Definitions
- This invention relates to insulating and accumulation construction partition and a method for its production.
- the Phase-Change Material - PCM is distinguished by its ability to store thermal energy associated with the change of state after crossing the so-called phase transition temperature.
- the phase change heat has from tens to two hundred times the value of the specific heat used in masonry materials construction.
- PCM phase change materials are divided into three types: organic PCM, inorganic PCM and eutectic PCM, which include two categories: organic and inorganic compounds.
- the inorganic PCM include: salt hydrates, salts, metals and alloys, while organic ones include paraffin.
- the composites containing in its composition PCMs are used in a variety of thermal storage systems.
- the advantage of the organic phase-change material PCM in the liquid state is the possibility of its dispersion and good distribution in the matrix. Due to the relatively high latent heat, melting behavior and non- corrosivity, the paraffin as a phase-change material PCM was considered as an material appropriate for thermal energy storage, as shown e.g. in the publication: B. He, V. Martin, F. Setterwall. Phase transition temperature ranges and storage density of paraffin wax phase change materials. Energy, 29 (2004), pp. 1785- 1804.
- phase-change materials PCM are successfully used as an ingredient of concretes.
- AS.A. Mumma. Thermal Performance of Paraffin Phase Change Materials Dispersed in a Concrete Mortar Filler Matrix n 76-WA/HT-33
- thermal properties of the concrete with a dispersed phase-change material PCM e.g., by means of infusion was disclosed.
- the results obtained in this study showed that the thermal energy capacity of the concrete wall with a dispersed phase-change material PCM was higher compared to similar walls made of the same concrete or of pure paraffin. Since then we could talk about a new composite concrete, in whose composition a phase-change material PCM appears as a component, and through which the phase-change material PCM a
- phase-change material PCM in the form of a micro-closed phase
- M. Hunger A.G. Entrop
- I. Mandilaras H.J.H. Brouwers
- M. Founti The behavior of self-compacting concrete containing micro-encapsulated phase change materials.
- Cem. Concr. Compos. 31 (2009), pp. 731-743.
- increasing the share of the phase-change material PCM resulted in lower thermal conductivity and greater heat capacity, thus an increase of thermal efficiency of the concrete.
- a disadvantage of such an obtained composite is a considerable loss of compressive strength with increasing share of the phase-change material PCM.
- phase-change material PCM in dispersible form is also used in ordinary concretes with fibers, e.g. basalt concretes.
- the results of such a composite is shown, e.g., in the publication: Juan Shi, Zhenqian Chen, , Shuai Shao, Jiayi Zheng.
- the basalt fibers are used to improve the elastic modulus and strength.
- Shazim Alt Memon Hongzhi Cui, Tommy Y. Lo, Qiusheng Li.
- phase-change material PCM can be inserted into the concrete in several ways: by direct embedding, immersion, applying it in form of a stable composite PCM and encapsulating and introducing it during the mixing of the concrete compound, as shown in the publication: S.A. Memon. Phase change materials integrated in building walls: a state of the art review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 31 (2014), pp. 870-906.
- phase-change materials PCM in a stable form are used, as described in the publication: A. San, A. Karaipekli. Preparation, thermal properties and thermal reliability of palmitic acid/expanded graphite composite as form-stable ⁇ PCM for thermal energy storage. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 93 (2009), pp. 571- 576.
- the introduction of the phase-change material PCM in such the form into a concrete compound interferes with the processes of hydration, what has an impact on the deterioration of mechanical properties of the composite.
- Thermal energy storage cement mortar containing n-octadecanef xpanded graphite composite phase change material Renewable Energy, 50 (2013), pp. 670-675, it was shown that the incorporation of a small amount of such a material (only 2.5%) reduced the compressive strength of the cement mortar by as much as 55%. Therefore, the results indicated that the used phase-change material PCM should be closed, 85 wherein two ways of closure were distinguished in that case: micro-encapsulation and macro-encapsulation, as described in the publication: Hongzhi C i, Shazim Ali Memon, Ran Liu. Development, mechanical properties and numerical simulation of macro encapsulated thermal energy storage concrete. Energy and Buildings. Volume 96, 1 June 2015, Pages 162-174.
- the micro-encapsulated 90 phase-change materials PCM are very small particles consisting of a core material and the outer coating.
- the core material is a phase-change material PCM
- the outer coating is a capsule wall, which is inert and made of polymers or plastics.
- the phase-change materials PCM include the materials with low melting point, melting in the range of from -30 °C to 55 °C.
- a disadvantage of the use of PCM 95 in the form of microcapsules is a reduction in concrete compressive strength resulting from a significant difference between the internal strength of the microcapsules and the internal strength of the concrete and the possibility of damage to the microcapsules during the concrete mixing. In turn, as shown in the said publication, a greater advantage is obtained from the use of macrocapsules,
- phase-change materials PCM is considered to be one of the most important advanced technologies used to heat and cool in the buildings.
- phase-change material PCM was implemented in the construction industry not only in terms of the concrete but also in terms of plaster, gypsum boards and other wall materials.
- an insulating and accumulation construction 115 partition in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element is characterized in that it comprises a non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM dispersed in the porous structure of the cellular concrete of the partition, wherein at least some of the walls of the partition, preferably the bottom and the side ones, are sealed against leakage from the partition of the phase-change material PCM in its liquid 120 phase.
- the cellular concrete of the partition has an apparent density of not more than 650 kg/m 3 , and its phase-change material PCM is an organic material, preferably paraffin.
- the walls of the partition are 125 impregnated with a thin-layer resin mortar, which is a flame-resistant composition resistant to ultraviolet radiation.
- the resin mortar is a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand in the resin mortar by weight in relation to the resin is from 0.75 to 0.85.
- the walls of the partition are impregnated with a solution of 130 aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin.
- the partition is in the form of a block of cellular concrete or a cellular concrete brick.
- a method for producing the insulating and accumulation construction partition in the form of a cellular concrete-based 135 masonry element is characterized in that in the partition executed using the known method of cellular concrete in the first stage the walls are impregnated, and in the second stage the non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM disperses in the porous structure of the cellular concrete partition.
- the impregnation of the partition walls is executed with a thin 140 layer of the resin mortar or with a solution of aqueous dispersion of the acrylic resin.
- phase-change material PCM is heated to a temperature exceeding its melting point, and it is gradually poured into the plunge holes to the saturation of the cellular concrete of the partition. After saturation of the partition of cellular concrete with the phase-change material PCM and solidification of that phase- change material PCM the plunge holes of the partition are closed with a resin
- a mortar is used constituting a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand is used in 155 the resin mortar by weight in relation to the resin from 0.75 to 0.85.
- Preparation of the cellular concrete with a phase-change material PCM is conducted in order to increase the heat capacity of the partition made of cellular concrete, while maintaining its substantial thermal insulation.
- phase-change material PCM in the case of cellular 160 concrete is the use of the existing pores, at its porosity of 60-85% by volume, for introducing that phase-change material PCM without loss of the compressive strength already received by the cellular concrete.
- the structure of the cellular concrete executed during aeration is not changing.
- High porosity of the cellular concrete allows the introduction of a substantial amount of the phase-change 165 material PCM in its liquid phase using its hydrostatic pressure.
- the cellular concrete is a masonry material characterized by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and the associated high thermal insulation. Its use in the heated rooms building up is characterized by low energy requirements for heating compared to other masonry materials. However, because of its low 170 thermal capacity the cellular concrete has a very poor capacity of heat accumulation and response to changing temperature conditions in the room. In the case of the heat supply to the room, e.g., together with solar radiation penetrating through the windows, its overheat is noted.
- Modification of the cellular concrete by adding the phase-change material 175 PCM increases its heat capacity and heat reception capability. While the specific heat of the cellular concrete is estimated at 800 ⁇ 1000 [J/(kg-K)] the phase- change heat of the phase-change material PCM can range from 100000 for encapsulated materials to nearly 200000 [J/kg] in a liquid state.
- phase- 180 change materials PCM application to masonry elements preventing their gravitational stratification in the liquid phase, leading to uncontrolled outflow of the masonry element was resolved.
- Fig. 2 detail of the plunge hole of the partition with the phase-change material PCM applicator, designated in fig, 1 with letter S in a vertical section.
- the insulating and accumulation construction According to the invention, the insulating and accumulation construction
- partition 1 in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element in exemplary embodiments it is in the form of a cellular concrete brick and comprises a non- encapsulated phase-change material PCM 3 dispersed in the porous structure of the cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1, The bottom and the side walls of the partition 1 are sealed against leakage from the partition 1 of the phase-change
- the cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1 has an apparent density of 650 kg/m 3 , and its phase-change material PCM 3 is an organic material, in the form of paraffin wax.
- the walls of the partition 1 are impregnated with a thin-layer resin mortar 4, which is a flame-resistant composition resistant to ultraviolet radiation, in the form of a composition and
- the walls of the partition 1 are impregnated with a solution of aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin.
- partition 1 in the form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element in the example of execution, refers to partition 1, it is in the form of a cellular concrete brick.
- partition 1 executed using the known method of cellular concrete 2 in the first stage the walls are impregnated, and in the second stage the non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM 3 disperses in
- phase-change material PCM 3 is heated, in a heated tank 7, to a temperature exceeding its melting point, and it is gradually poured into the plunge holes 5 to the saturation of the cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1. After saturation of the partition 1 of cellular concrete 2 with the phase-change material PCM 3 and solidification of that phase-change material PCM 3 plunge holes 5 of the partition
- a resin mortar 4 As the resin mortar 4 a resin constituting a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand is used in the resin mortar 4 by weight in relation to the resin from 0.75 to 0.85.
- the invention may, in particular, be used in the preparation of blocks and bricks of cellular concrete 2 with increased thermal capacity, while maintaining a substantial thermal insulation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
Abstract
The partition (1) in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element comprises a non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM (3) dispersed in the porous structure of the cellular concrete (2). At least some of the walls of the partition (1), preferably the bottom and the side ones, are sealed against leakage from the partition (1) of the phase-change material PCM (3) in its liquid phase. The cellular concrete (2) of the partition (1) has an apparent density of not more than 650 kg/m3. The phase-change material PCM (3) is an organic material, preferably paraffin. The walis of the partition (1) are impregnated with a thin- layer resin mortar (4), which is a flame-resistant composition resistant to ultraviolet radiation, in the form of a composition and elastic polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand. The content of sand in the resin mortar (4) by weight in relation to the resin is from 0.75 to 0.85. The partition (1) is in the form of a cellular concrete block or brick. In another execution the walls of the partition (1) are impregnated with a solution of aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin. The present invention also relates to the method for producing the insulating and accumulation construction partition (1) in the form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element. The invention may, in particular, be used in the preparation of blocks and bricks of cellular concrete (2) with increased thermal capacity, while maintaining a substantial thermal insulation.
Description
Insulating and accumulation construction partition and a method for its production
This invention relates to insulating and accumulation construction partition and a method for its production.
The Phase-Change Material - PCM is distinguished by its ability to store thermal energy associated with the change of state after crossing the so-called phase transition temperature. The phase change heat has from tens to two hundred times the value of the specific heat used in masonry materials construction. PCM phase change materials are divided into three types: organic PCM, inorganic PCM and eutectic PCM, which include two categories: organic and inorganic compounds. The inorganic PCM include: salt hydrates, salts, metals and alloys, while organic ones include paraffin.
The composites containing in its composition PCMs are used in a variety of thermal storage systems. The advantage of the organic phase-change material PCM in the liquid state is the possibility of its dispersion and good distribution in the matrix. Due to the relatively high latent heat, melting behavior and non- corrosivity, the paraffin as a phase-change material PCM was considered as an material appropriate for thermal energy storage, as shown e.g. in the publication: B. He, V. Martin, F. Setterwall. Phase transition temperature ranges and storage density of paraffin wax phase change materials. Energy, 29 (2004), pp. 1785- 1804.
The phase-change materials PCM are successfully used as an ingredient of concretes. In the case of an ordinary concrete already in 1976 in the publication:
R.D. Godfrey, S.A. Mumma. Thermal Performance of Paraffin Phase Change Materials Dispersed in a Concrete Mortar Filler Matrix. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1976) n 76-WA/HT-33, a study on thermal properties of the concrete with a dispersed phase-change material PCM, e.g., by means of infusion was disclosed. The results obtained in this study showed that the thermal energy capacity of the concrete wall with a dispersed phase-change material PCM was higher compared to similar walls made of the same concrete or of pure paraffin. Since then we could talk about a new composite concrete, in whose composition a phase-change material PCM appears as a component, and through which the phase-change material PCM a new area of research was activated having a significant impact on the energy economy.
One of the ways of introduction of the phase-change material PCM into the concrete is adding the PCM in the form of a micro-closed phase, as shown in the case of new generation - self-compacting concretes - e.g. in the publication: M. Hunger, A.G. Entrop, I. Mandilaras, H.J.H. Brouwers, M. Founti. The behavior of self-compacting concrete containing micro-encapsulated phase change materials. Cem. Concr. Compos., 31 (2009), pp. 731-743. Moreover, in that publication it was shown that increasing the share of the phase-change material PCM resulted in lower thermal conductivity and greater heat capacity, thus an increase of thermal efficiency of the concrete. However, A disadvantage of such an obtained composite is a considerable loss of compressive strength with increasing share of the phase-change material PCM.
The phase-change material PCM in dispersible form is also used in ordinary concretes with fibers, e.g. basalt concretes. The results of such a composite is shown, e.g., in the publication: Juan Shi, Zhenqian Chen, , Shuai Shao, Jiayi Zheng. Experimental and numerical study on effective thermal conductivity of novel form-stable basalt fiber composite concrete with PCMs for thermal storage. Applied Thermal Engineering. 66(1-2) (2014), pp 156-161. In this case, the basalt fibers are used to improve the elastic modulus and strength.
As disclosed e.g. in the publication: Shazim Alt Memon, Hongzhi Cui, Tommy Y. Lo, Qiusheng Li. Development of structural-functional integrated concrete with macro-encapsulated PCM for thermal energy storage. Applied Energy. 150 (2015), pp 245-257, in the case of an ordinary concrete or a lightweight aggregate-based concrete high thermal capacity is advantageous, especially in temperate climates, where the concrete is used to store energy during the day and release it during the night. This activity reduces the need for cooling and heating. Furthermore, the energy capacity of such concrete is reinforced by introduction of the phase-change material PCM.
The phase-change material PCM can be inserted into the concrete in several ways: by direct embedding, immersion, applying it in form of a stable composite PCM and encapsulating and introducing it during the mixing of the concrete compound, as shown in the publication: S.A. Memon. Phase change materials integrated in building walls: a state of the art review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 31 (2014), pp. 870-906.
In the case of a direct immersion of the concrete in a liquid composite material PCM the problem are potential leaks significantly affecting the properties of the concrete, as described e.g. in the publication: N. Soares, J.J. Costa, A.R. Caspar, P. Santos. Review of passive PCM latent heat thermal energy storage systems towards buildings ' energy efficiency. Energy Build, 59 (2013), pp. 82- 103.
Also phase-change materials PCM in a stable form are used, as described in the publication: A. San, A. Karaipekli. Preparation, thermal properties and thermal reliability of palmitic acid/expanded graphite composite as form-stable■ PCM for thermal energy storage. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 93 (2009), pp. 571- 576. However, the introduction of the phase-change material PCM in such the form into a concrete compound interferes with the processes of hydration, what has an impact on the deterioration of mechanical properties of the composite. E.g.. in the publication: Z Zhang, G. Shi, S. Wang, X. Fang, X. Liu. Thermal energy storage cement mortar containing n-octadecanef xpanded graphite composite
phase change material. Renewable Energy, 50 (2013), pp. 670-675, it was shown that the incorporation of a small amount of such a material (only 2.5%) reduced the compressive strength of the cement mortar by as much as 55%. Therefore, the results indicated that the used phase-change material PCM should be closed, 85 wherein two ways of closure were distinguished in that case: micro-encapsulation and macro-encapsulation, as described in the publication: Hongzhi C i, Shazim Ali Memon, Ran Liu. Development, mechanical properties and numerical simulation of macro encapsulated thermal energy storage concrete. Energy and Buildings. Volume 96, 1 June 2015, Pages 162-174. The micro-encapsulated 90 phase-change materials PCM are very small particles consisting of a core material and the outer coating. The core material is a phase-change material PCM, and the outer coating is a capsule wall, which is inert and made of polymers or plastics. The phase-change materials PCM include the materials with low melting point, melting in the range of from -30 °C to 55 °C. A disadvantage of the use of PCM 95 in the form of microcapsules is a reduction in concrete compressive strength resulting from a significant difference between the internal strength of the microcapsules and the internal strength of the concrete and the possibility of damage to the microcapsules during the concrete mixing. In turn, as shown in the said publication, a greater advantage is obtained from the use of macrocapsules,
100 e.g., the use of porous aggregate material filled with a phase-change material PCM. The use of macrocapsules significantly reduces the effectiveness of response to changes in temperature.
The use of phase-change materials PCM is considered to be one of the most important advanced technologies used to heat and cool in the buildings. The
105 phase-change material PCM was implemented in the construction industry not only in terms of the concrete but also in terms of plaster, gypsum boards and other wall materials. E.g., in the publication Z. Li, X. Li. Development of thermal insulation materials with granular phase change composite. Adv Cons Mater (2007), pp. 741-748, researches on new plasters used inside the rooms made of
1 10 PCM microcapsules were disclosed.
Based on the review of the state of the art in the use of un-encapsulated organic phase-change materials PCM to modify construction materials, no use of it in the cellular concrete was determined.
According to the invention, an insulating and accumulation construction 115 partition in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element is characterized in that it comprises a non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM dispersed in the porous structure of the cellular concrete of the partition, wherein at least some of the walls of the partition, preferably the bottom and the side ones, are sealed against leakage from the partition of the phase-change material PCM in its liquid 120 phase.
Preferably the cellular concrete of the partition has an apparent density of not more than 650 kg/m3, and its phase-change material PCM is an organic material, preferably paraffin.
Further advantages are obtained if the walls of the partition are 125 impregnated with a thin-layer resin mortar, which is a flame-resistant composition resistant to ultraviolet radiation. The resin mortar is a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand in the resin mortar by weight in relation to the resin is from 0.75 to 0.85. In another embodiment the walls of the partition are impregnated with a solution of 130 aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin.
Further advantages are obtained if the partition is in the form of a block of cellular concrete or a cellular concrete brick.
According to the invention, a method for producing the insulating and accumulation construction partition in the form of a cellular concrete-based 135 masonry element is characterized in that in the partition executed using the known method of cellular concrete in the first stage the walls are impregnated, and in the second stage the non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM disperses in the porous structure of the cellular concrete partition.
Preferably, the impregnation of the partition walls is executed with a thin
140 layer of the resin mortar or with a solution of aqueous dispersion of the acrylic resin.
Further advantages are obtained if, in the second stage, plunge holes are executed in the cellular concrete of the partition, through which a liquid phase- change material PCM is applied to the cellular concrete, wherein the applied
145 phase-change material PCM is heated to a temperature exceeding its melting point, and it is gradually poured into the plunge holes to the saturation of the cellular concrete of the partition. After saturation of the partition of cellular concrete with the phase-change material PCM and solidification of that phase- change material PCM the plunge holes of the partition are closed with a resin
150 mortar or with a solution based on an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin to form a seal.
As the resin mortar for impregnation of the partition walls and sealing its plunge holes a mortar is used constituting a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand is used in 155 the resin mortar by weight in relation to the resin from 0.75 to 0.85.
Preparation of the cellular concrete with a phase-change material PCM is conducted in order to increase the heat capacity of the partition made of cellular concrete, while maintaining its substantial thermal insulation.
The advantage of the phase-change material PCM in the case of cellular 160 concrete is the use of the existing pores, at its porosity of 60-85% by volume, for introducing that phase-change material PCM without loss of the compressive strength already received by the cellular concrete. The structure of the cellular concrete executed during aeration is not changing. High porosity of the cellular concrete allows the introduction of a substantial amount of the phase-change 165 material PCM in its liquid phase using its hydrostatic pressure.
The cellular concrete is a masonry material characterized by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and the associated high thermal insulation. Its use in the heated rooms building up is characterized by low energy requirements
for heating compared to other masonry materials. However, because of its low 170 thermal capacity the cellular concrete has a very poor capacity of heat accumulation and response to changing temperature conditions in the room. In the case of the heat supply to the room, e.g., together with solar radiation penetrating through the windows, its overheat is noted.
Modification of the cellular concrete by adding the phase-change material 175 PCM increases its heat capacity and heat reception capability. While the specific heat of the cellular concrete is estimated at 800 ÷ 1000 [J/(kg-K)] the phase- change heat of the phase-change material PCM can range from 100000 for encapsulated materials to nearly 200000 [J/kg] in a liquid state.
In the solution according to the present invention, the problem of phase- 180 change materials PCM application to masonry elements, preventing their gravitational stratification in the liquid phase, leading to uncontrolled outflow of the masonry element was resolved.
The invention is illustrated by the examples that are not limiting the scope thereof as the schematic drawings, in which: fig. 1 shows the method of execution
185 of the partition, according to the invention, with view of a heated tank with phase- change material PCM and vertical section of the partition through its plunge holes, and Fig. 2 - detail of the plunge hole of the partition with the phase-change material PCM applicator, designated in fig, 1 with letter S in a vertical section.
According to the invention, the insulating and accumulation construction
190 partition 1 in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element in exemplary embodiments it is in the form of a cellular concrete brick and comprises a non- encapsulated phase-change material PCM 3 dispersed in the porous structure of the cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1, The bottom and the side walls of the partition 1 are sealed against leakage from the partition 1 of the phase-change
195 material PCM 3 in its liquid phase. The cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1 has an apparent density of 650 kg/m3, and its phase-change material PCM 3 is an organic material, in the form of paraffin wax. The walls of the partition 1 are
impregnated with a thin-layer resin mortar 4, which is a flame-resistant composition resistant to ultraviolet radiation, in the form of a composition and
200 elastic polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand. The content of sand in the resin mortar 4 by weight in relation to the resin is from 0.75 to 0.85.
In another example of execution the walls of the partition 1 are impregnated with a solution of aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin.
According to the invention, the method for producing the insulating and
205 accumulation construction partition 1 in the form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element in the example of execution, refers to partition 1, it is in the form of a cellular concrete brick. In the partition 1 executed using the known method of cellular concrete 2 in the first stage the walls are impregnated, and in the second stage the non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM 3 disperses in
210 the porous structure of the cellular concrete partition 1. The impregnation of the partition walls 1 is executed with a thin layer of the resin mortar 4. In the second stage, plunge holes 5 are executed in the cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1, through which a liquid phase-change material PCM 3 is applied to the cellular concrete 2 with applicators 6 in the form of porous tubes, wherein the applied
21 phase-change material PCM 3 is heated, in a heated tank 7, to a temperature exceeding its melting point, and it is gradually poured into the plunge holes 5 to the saturation of the cellular concrete 2 of the partition 1. After saturation of the partition 1 of cellular concrete 2 with the phase-change material PCM 3 and solidification of that phase-change material PCM 3 plunge holes 5 of the partition
220 1 are closed with a resin mortar 4 to form a seal 8. As the resin mortar 4 a resin constituting a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand is used in the resin mortar 4 by weight in relation to the resin from 0.75 to 0.85.
In another embodiment of the method for production, impregnation of the
225 partition walls 1 and closure of the plunge holes 5 of the partition 1 after the solidification of the phase-change material PCM 3 is executed with a solution of an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin.
T PL2015/000150
- 9 -
The invention may, in particular, be used in the preparation of blocks and bricks of cellular concrete 2 with increased thermal capacity, while maintaining a substantial thermal insulation.
List of designations
- partition,
- cellular concrete
- phase-change material PCM
- resin mortar,
- plunge hole,
- applicator,
- heated tank,
- seal
Claims
1. An insulating and accumulation construction partition in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element, characterized in that it comprises a non-encapsulated phase-change material PCM (3) dispersed in the porous structure of the cellular concrete (2) of the partition (1), wherein at least some of the walls of the partition (1), preferably the bottom and the side ones, are sealed against leakage from the partition (1) of the phase-change material PCM (3) in its liquid phase.
2. The partition according to claim 1, characterized in that the cellular concrete (2) of the partition (1) has an apparent density of not more than 650 kg/m-
3. The partition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the phase-change material PCM (3) is an organic material, preferably paraffin.
4. The partition according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the walls of the partition (1) are impregnated with a thin-layer resin mortar (4).
5. The partition according to claim 4, characterized in that the resin mortar (4) is a flame-resistant composition resistant to ultraviolet radiation,
6. The partition according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the resin mortar (4) is a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand.
7. The partition according to claim 6, characterized in that the content of
sand in the resin mortar (4) by weight in relation to the resin is from 0.75 to 0.85.
8. The partition according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the walls of the partition (1) are impregnated with a solution of aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin.
9. The partition according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized in that it is in the form of a cellular concrete block.
10. The partition according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized in that it is in the form of a cellular concrete brick.
11. A method for production insulating and accumulation construction partition in a form of a cellular concrete-based masonry element, characterized in that in the partition (1) executed using the known method of cellular concrete (2) in the first stage the walls are impregnated, and in the second stage the non- encapsulated phase-change material PCM (3) disperses in the porous structure of the cellular concrete (2) of the partition (1).
12. The method according to claim. 1 1, characterized in that the impregnation of the partition walls is executed with a thin layer of the resin mortar (4).
13. The method according to claim. 11, characterized in that the impregnation of the partition walls is executed with a solution of aqueous dispersion of the acrylic resin.
14. The method according to claim. 1 1 or 12 or 13 characterized in that in the second stage, plunge holes (5) are executed in the cellular concrete (2) of the partition (1), through which a liquid phase-change material PCM (3) is applied to the cellular concrete (2).
15. The method according to claim. 14, characterized in that the applied phase-change material PCM (3) is heated to a temperature exceeding its melting
point, and it is gradually poured into the plunge holes (5) to the saturation of the cellular concrete (2) of the partition (1).
16. The method according to claim. 15, characterized in that after saturation of the partition (1) of cellular concrete (2) with the phase-change material PCM (3) and solidification of that phase-change material PCM (3) the plunge holes (5) of the partition (1) are closed with a resin mortar (4) or with a solution based on an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin to form a seal (8).
17. The method according to claim. 12 or 16, characterized in that as the resin mortar(4) a mortar is used constituting a composition of flexible polyurethane resin and its curing agent and silica sand, wherein the content of sand is used in the resin mortar (4) by weight in relation to the resin from 0.75 to 0.85.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL413840A PL236030B1 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2015-09-07 | Insulating and accumulating space-dividing partition and method for producing it |
| PLP.413840 | 2015-09-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2017043983A1 true WO2017043983A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
Family
ID=54364635
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2015/000150 WO2017043983A1 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2015-09-25 | Insulating and accumulation construction partition and a method for its production |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| PL (1) | PL236030B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017043983A1 (en) |
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| CN108865075A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 武夷学院 | A kind of phase-change energy-storage composite material and its intelligent environment protection brick of preparation |
| CN113735509A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-03 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of assembled wall with phase-change temperature-adjusting crack-resisting and vertical greening functions |
| CN114634371A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-17 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | Preparation method of controllable porous concrete material |
| EP4015487A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | Technische Universität Darmstadt | Hybrid material for thermal insulation |
| CN115594433A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-13 | 宁波建工工程集团有限公司（Cn） | Preparation method of waste red brick phase-change aggregate and waste red brick phase-change aggregate |
| WO2024044129A1 (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2024-02-29 | Drexel University | Thermal vascular self-responsive composites for civil infrastructure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108865075A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 武夷学院 | A kind of phase-change energy-storage composite material and its intelligent environment protection brick of preparation |
| EP4015487A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | Technische Universität Darmstadt | Hybrid material for thermal insulation |
| CN113735509A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-03 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of assembled wall with phase-change temperature-adjusting crack-resisting and vertical greening functions |
| CN114634371A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-17 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | Preparation method of controllable porous concrete material |
| WO2024044129A1 (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2024-02-29 | Drexel University | Thermal vascular self-responsive composites for civil infrastructure |
| CN115594433A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-13 | 宁波建工工程集团有限公司（Cn） | Preparation method of waste red brick phase-change aggregate and waste red brick phase-change aggregate |
| CN115594433B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-08-08 | 宁波建工工程集团有限公司 | Preparation method of waste red brick phase change aggregate and waste red brick phase change aggregate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL413840A1 (en) | 2017-03-13 |
| PL236030B1 (en) | 2020-11-30 |
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