WO2016117510A1 - 神経系細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
神経系細胞の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- fibroblast treated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid a compound that inhibits the activity of multiple kinases (compound B), a transforming growth factor (TGF) - ⁇ .
- TGF transforming growth factor
- Schwann cells can be obtained by culturing in a medium containing a signal inhibitor and a glycogen synthase kinase 3 ⁇ (GSK3 ⁇ ) inhibitor [Non-patent Document 2].
- Cheng et al. Also reported that neural progenitor cells can be obtained by culturing fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions in a medium containing valproic acid, a TGF- ⁇ signal inhibitor, and a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor [ Non-Patent Document 3].
- Living cells are largely divided into somatic cells and germ cells. Any somatic cell can be used as a starting material for the method for producing nervous system cells of the present invention.
- the somatic cell is not particularly limited, and may be either a primary cell collected from a living body or a cell line established.
- somatic cells in various stages of differentiation for example, somatic cells that have undergone terminal differentiation, somatic cells that are on the way to final differentiation, and somatic cells that have been initialized and have acquired pluripotency can be used.
- the somatic cell that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but any somatic cell that does not belong to a nervous system cell, for example, a hematopoietic cell (various lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow, etc. Cells), organ-derived cells (hepatocytes, spleen cells, pancreatic cells, kidney cells, lung cells, etc.), muscle tissue cells (skeletal muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, myoblasts, cardiomyocytes, etc.), fibers Examples include blast cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, stromal cells, and adipocytes.
- the method of the present invention can also be applied to precursor cells of these cells, cancer cells, and various stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hepatic stem cells, etc.).
- Smad is a group of molecules responsible for intracellular signal transduction of the TGF- ⁇ superfamily. When phosphorylated by a receptor to which a TGF- ⁇ family cytokine is bound, it translocates into the nucleus and functions as a transcriptional activator. Signals transmitted by Smad are involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
- the means for achieving the culture conditions of “inhibition of Smad signal” in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and known means capable of inhibiting Smad signal can be used.
- a substance that acts directly on Smad and inhibits its function for example, an anti-Smad antibody or other drug
- a drug that suppresses the production of Smad itself, or the like can be used.
- the Smad signal can also be inhibited by inhibiting signal transduction involving Smad upstream. That is, the present invention can be carried out by inhibiting the functions of TGF- ⁇ family cytokines and / or their receptors.
- neural cells can be induced by culturing somatic cells under the inhibition of Smad signal and p53 signal. Furthermore, under the inhibition of the GSK3 ⁇ signal, under any inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal, the conditions for increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration, or any combination thereof were combined. By culturing under culture conditions, the induction efficiency of neural cells from somatic cells can be improved.
- GSK3 ⁇ signal under any inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal, the conditions for increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration, or any combination thereof were combined.
- the concentration of the GSK3 ⁇ signal inhibitor effective for the method of the present invention may be appropriately determined and is not particularly limited.
- CHIR99021 can be used in the method of the present invention in the range of 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M.
- MAPK is a protein kinase involved in signal transduction via phosphorylation.
- MAPK moves into the nucleus and mainly plays a role in transmitting cytoplasmic signals into the nucleus by phosphorylating / activating transcriptional activators.
- PD334581 ( CAS No. 548756-68-9) is exemplified.
- concentration of the MAPK signal inhibitor effective for the method of the present invention may be appropriately determined and is not particularly limited.
- PD0325901 can be used in the method of the present invention in the range of 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M.
- adenylate cyclase activator that can be used in the present invention, forskolin (CAS) No. 66575-29-9) and forskolin derivatives (for example, JP-A-2002-348243).
- concentration of the adenylate cyclase activator effective for the method of the present invention may be determined as appropriate, and is not particularly limited.
- forskolin is used in the method of the present invention in the range of 0.5 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M. it can.
- the culture of somatic cells in the present invention may be carried out by selecting a medium, temperature, and other conditions according to the type of somatic cells to be used, and exhibiting the means for inhibiting the various signals described above.
- the medium can be selected from a known medium or a commercially available medium. For example, it can be used by adding appropriate components (serum, protein, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, antibiotics, etc.) to common media such as MEM, DMEM, DMEM / F12 and modified media. .
- the induction of nervous system cells according to the present invention can be confirmed by, for example, morphological changes of the cells. Since cells of the nervous system take a characteristic form depending on the cell type, the presence of the nervous system cell can be known by comparing the form of the cells before and after the culture. In addition, neural cells can be identified by detecting molecules characteristic of neural cells, such as enzymes, receptors, low molecular compounds, and the like. Molecules characteristic of nervous system cells include ⁇ 3-tubulin, synapsin I, vesicular glutamate transporter (vGULT), microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2, and ⁇ -aminobutyric acid.
- vGULT vesicular glutamate transporter
- MAP microtubule-associated protein
- GABA tyrosine hydroxylase
- an immunological method detection by an antibody
- the protein molecule may be detected by quantifying its mRNA amount.
- Antibodies that recognize molecules characteristic of nervous system cells are also useful for isolating and purifying neural cells obtained by the present invention.
- the nervous system cells obtained by the method of the present invention and the composition containing the cells are useful for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
- nervous system diseases in which the nervous system cells and the composition are effective for treatment include spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular disorder (cerebral infarction, etc.), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. It is not limited to.
- the nervous system cells can also be used to produce a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
- the nervous system cell of the present invention When used as a pharmaceutical composition, a preparation in a form suitable for administration to an individual, for example, by mixing the cell with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier by a conventional method, do it.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier examples include physiological saline, distilled water for injection made isotonic by adding glucose and other adjuvants (for example, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.).
- buffers eg, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer
- soothing agents eg, benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride, etc.
- stabilizers eg, human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol, etc.
- the neural cells obtained in the present invention can also be used for research, for example, research on neuronal differentiation, drug screening for nervous system diseases, evaluation of efficacy and safety of drug candidate compounds, and the like. According to the present invention, a large number of nervous system cells can be obtained with a single operation, so that it is possible to obtain reproducible research results without being affected by cell lot differences as before. It becomes.
- Two compounds that inhibit the Smad signal namely, LDN-193189 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: final concentration of 1 ⁇ M) as a BMP signal inhibitor and SB-431542 (manufactured by Tocris: final concentration of 2 ⁇ M) as a TGF- ⁇ family inhibitor.
- LDN-193189 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: final concentration of 1 ⁇ M
- SB-431542 manufactured by Tocris: final concentration of 2 ⁇ M
- TGF- ⁇ family inhibitor a TGF- ⁇ family inhibitor.
- CHIR99021 which is a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: final concentration 1 ⁇ M)
- PD0325901 which is a MEK / ERK inhibitor (final concentration 1 ⁇ M)
- pifthrin- ⁇ which is an inhibitor of p53 signal.
- GABA ⁇ -aminobutyric acid
- Tyrosine Hydroylase could not be confirmed. Therefore, it can be presumed that the nerve cells produced in the present invention have both the functions of glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory neurons.
- Example 3 Using each medium described above, cells 2 (P5) described in Example 1 were cultured as described in Example 1. After 2 weeks of culture, the cells were fixed with 2% PFA and immunostained with mouse anti- ⁇ III-tubulin. The results are shown in Table 3. In the table, the description “6c- [compound name]” indicates that a medium obtained by removing the compound from a nerve cell medium containing six substances is used.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a waveform obtained by measuring the potential over time.
- the horizontal axis represents elapsed time
- the vertical axis represents voltage.
- FIG. 2 shows a spike-like waveform extracted from action potential data. In this figure, 20 waveforms are superimposed and displayed, and a waveform obtained by averaging them is shown by a solid line. Thus, it was confirmed that the nervous system cells obtained by the method of the present invention generate action potentials.
- Example 5 Direct induction of nerve cells from human fibroblasts (4) To the neuronal cell culture medium containing the six substances used in Example 1, Dorsomorphin (BMP signal inhibitor: Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was further added to a final concentration of 5 ⁇ M. This medium was used to directly induce neural cells from fibroblasts.
- Dorsomorphin BMP signal inhibitor: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
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Abstract
Description
神経系疾患もその例外ではなく、脊髄損傷、パーキンソン病、アルツハイマー病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症等の疾患について、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)や人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)に由来する神経系の細胞もしくは神経前駆細胞を使用した治療の可能性について検討が行われている。
[1]神経系細胞を製造する方法であって、Smadシグナル及びp53シグナルの阻害下に体細胞を培養する工程を包含する方法、
[2]Smadシグナルがトランスフォーミング増殖因子-βシグナル阻害剤又は骨形成タンパク質シグナル阻害剤により阻害される[1]の方法。
[3]p53シグナルがp53阻害剤により阻害される[1]の方法、
[4]さらにグリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナルの阻害下、分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナルの阻害下、細胞内cAMP濃度を増加させる条件下から選択される培養条件下に体細胞の培養が実施される[1]の方法、
[5]トランスフォーミング増殖因子-βシグナル阻害剤、骨形成タンパク質シグナル阻害剤及びp53阻害剤と、グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナル阻害剤、分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナル阻害剤、アデニル酸サイクラーゼ活性化剤からなる群より選択される物質とを含有する培地中で体細胞の培養が実施される[4]の方法、
[6]さらにグリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナル及び分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナルの阻害下、かつ細胞内cAMP濃度を増加させる条件下に体細胞の培養が実施される[1]の方法、
[7]トランスフォーミング増殖因子-βシグナル阻害剤、骨形成タンパク質シグナル阻害剤、p53阻害剤、グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナル阻害剤、分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナル阻害剤及びアデニル酸サイクラーゼ活性化剤を含有する培地中で体細胞の培養が実施される[6]の方法、
[8]体細胞をヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害剤に接触させる工程を含まないことを特徴とする[1]の方法、
[9]体細胞が分化した細胞である[1]の方法、
[10]体細胞が線維芽細胞である[9]の方法、
[11]体細胞がヒト細胞である[10]の方法、
[12][1]~[11]いずれかの方法で得られる神経系細胞、及び
[13][12]の細胞を有効成分として含有する、神経系疾患治療用の組成物、
に関する。
本発明は、Smadシグナル及びp53シグナルの阻害下に体細胞を培養する工程を包含する、神経系細胞の製造方法に関する。
上記の、本発明の神経系細胞の製造方法により、神経系細胞を含有する細胞集団を得ることができる。
1) ヒト線維芽細胞
材料としたヒト線維芽細胞はDSファーマバイオメディカル株式会社から購入した。使用した4つの細胞の背景情報を表1に示す。
表1に示したヒト繊維芽細胞を、それぞれ35mm ディッシュに8×104個ずつ撒き、10%FBS、100U/mLペニシリン、100μg/mLストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM high glucose培養液で、37℃、5% CO2の条件下で2日間インキュベートした。各細胞は下記の継代数で培養に供した。
細胞1: Passage 5(P5)とP20
細胞2: P5とP21
細胞3: P5とP17
細胞4: P5とP15
a)神経細胞マーカーの細胞免疫染色
3週間培養したヒト線維芽細胞は、形態的に神経細胞に類似していた。この細胞を2% PFA(パラホルムアルデヒド)で固定した後、免疫染色を行った。細胞免疫染色で使用した抗体は、次の通りである。Tuj1について、陽性となった細胞(神経系細胞)の存在比を表2に示す。
マウス抗βIII-tubulin[Tuj1](Covance社製;MMS-435P)
ウサギ抗βIII-tubulin[Tuj1](Covance社製;PRB-435P)
ウサギ抗MAP2(Millipore社製)
上記a)同様の操作により固定した細胞を下記の各抗体を用いた免疫染色に供し、神経細胞の機能を評価した。
マウス抗βIII-tubulin[Tuj1](Covance社製;MMS-435P)
ウサギ抗vGLUT1(Synaptic Systems社製)
ウサギ抗GABA(Sigma-Aldrich社製)
ウサギ抗Tyrosine Hydroxylase(Millipore社製)
実施例1で使用された6種の物質を含有する神経細胞培地、ならびにこれら6種類の物質のそれぞれ1つを欠いた神経細胞培地を使用して線維芽細胞からの神経系細胞直接誘導を行った。また、対照として6種の物質すべてを含有しない神経細胞培地での培養も実施した。
実施例1記載の細胞2(P5)を、実施例1に記載された6種の物質を含有する神経細胞培地中で、実施例1と同じ条件で培養した。前記培地での培養開始から1週間後、2週間後、3週間後、4週間後に細胞の一部を採取して2% PFAで固定し、それぞれマウス抗βIII-tubulinを用いた免疫染色を行ってTuj1陽性細胞を定量した。この結果を表4に示す。
1)神経系細胞の誘導
実施例1と同じ操作でヒト繊維芽細胞(48歳女性skin/labia由来)から神経系細胞を誘導した。4週間の培養で誘導した神経系細胞を0.25%トリプシン(和光純薬)を用いて剥離し、神経細胞培地[1%(v/v) N2 サプリメント(ライフテック社製)を含んだDMEM/F12と、2%(v/v) B27 サプリメント(ライフテック社製)を含んだNeurobasal Medium(ライフテック社製)の1:1混合物]に懸濁した。
神経細胞活動電位の測定にはマイクロエレクトロード・アレイシステム(MED64-Basic system:アルファメッドサイエンティフィック株式会社)を使用した。使用に先立って、電極を備えたMEDプローブの表面をコラーゲンでコートした。まず、神経細胞培地でコラーゲン(セルマトリックス Type I-C:新田ゼラチン)の10倍希釈液を調製した。このコラーゲン溶液をMEDプローブに添加して10分間放置した後にコラーゲン溶液をプローブから除去し、クリーンベンチ内で紫外線を照射しながらプローブを風乾した。
実施例1で使用された6種の物質を含有する神経細胞培地に、さらにDorsomorphin(BMPシグナル阻害剤:和光純薬)を終濃度5μMとなるように添加した。この培地を使用して線維芽細胞からの神経系細胞直接誘導を行った。
Claims (13)
- 神経系細胞を製造する方法であって、Smadシグナル及びp53シグナルの阻害下に体細胞を培養する工程を包含する方法。
- Smadシグナルがトランスフォーミング増殖因子-βシグナル阻害剤又は骨形成タンパク質シグナル阻害剤により阻害される請求項1記載の方法。
- p53シグナルがp53阻害剤により阻害される請求項1記載の方法。
- さらにグリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナルの阻害下、分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナルの阻害下、細胞内cAMP濃度を増加させる条件下から選択される培養条件下に体細胞の培養が実施される請求項1記載の方法。
- トランスフォーミング増殖因子-βシグナル阻害剤、骨形成タンパク質シグナル阻害剤及びp53阻害剤と、グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナル阻害剤、分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナル阻害剤、アデニル酸サイクラーゼ活性化剤からなる群より選択される物質とを含有する培地中で体細胞の培養が実施される請求項4記載の方法。
- さらにグリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナル及び分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナルの阻害下、かつ細胞内cAMP濃度を増加させる条件下に体細胞の培養が実施される請求項1記載の方法。
- トランスフォーミング増殖因子-βシグナル阻害剤、骨形成タンパク質シグナル阻害剤、p53阻害剤、グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3βシグナル阻害剤、分裂促進因子活性化タンパク質キナーゼシグナル阻害剤及びアデニル酸サイクラーゼ活性化剤を含有する培地中で体細胞の培養が実施される請求項6記載の方法。
- 体細胞をヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害剤に接触させる工程を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 体細胞が分化した細胞である請求項1記載の方法。
- 体細胞が線維芽細胞である請求項9記載の方法。
- 体細胞がヒト細胞である請求項10記載の方法。
- 請求項1~11いずれか記載の方法で得られる神経系細胞。
- 請求項12記載の細胞を有効成分として含有する、神経系疾患治療用の組成物。
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