WO2016039352A1 - R-t-b系焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
R-t-b系焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016039352A1 WO2016039352A1 PCT/JP2015/075503 JP2015075503W WO2016039352A1 WO 2016039352 A1 WO2016039352 A1 WO 2016039352A1 JP 2015075503 W JP2015075503 W JP 2015075503W WO 2016039352 A1 WO2016039352 A1 WO 2016039352A1
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- sintered magnet
- rtb
- powder
- based sintered
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- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an RTB-based sintered magnet (R is a rare earth element and T is Fe or Fe and Co) having an R 2 T 14 B type compound as a main phase.
- An RTB-based sintered magnet mainly composed of an R 2 T 14 B-type compound is known as the most powerful magnet among permanent magnets, such as a voice coil motor (VCM) of a hard disk drive, It is used for various motors such as motors for hybrid vehicles and home appliances.
- VCM voice coil motor
- H cJ the intrinsic coercive force H cJ
- H cJ the intrinsic coercive force
- the RTB-based sintered magnet is known to improve H cJ when a part of R in the R 2 T 14 B-type compound phase is substituted with a heavy rare earth element RH (Dy, Tb). .
- a heavy rare earth element RH Dy, Tb
- the light rare earth element RL Nd, Pr
- B r residual magnetic flux density
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose RH oxides or RH fluorides and various metals M or M alloys. RH and M are efficiently absorbed by the RTB-based sintered magnet by heat treatment in the state where the mixed powder is present on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet. A method for increasing H cJ of a B-based sintered magnet is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses using a mixed powder of a powder containing M (where M is one or more selected from Al, Cu, and Zn) and an RH fluoride powder.
- Patent Document 2 discloses RTMAH that becomes a liquid phase at a heat treatment temperature (where M is one or more selected from Al, Cu, Zn, In, Si, P, etc., A is boron or carbon, H Is used, and it is disclosed that a mixed powder of the alloy powder and a powder such as RH fluoride may be used.
- RM alloy where M is one or more selected from Al, Si, C, P, Ti, etc.
- M1M2 alloy M1 and M2 are Al, Si, RH oxide is partially reduced by RM alloy or M1M2 alloy during heat treatment by using a mixed powder of RH oxide and one or more powders selected from C, P, Ti, etc. It is disclosed that a large amount of R can be introduced into the magnet.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 are notable in that a larger amount of RH can be diffused into the magnet.
- RH present on the magnet surface cannot be effectively linked to improvement of H cJ , and there is room for improvement.
- Patent Document 3 uses a mixed powder of RM alloy and RH oxide, but as far as the examples are concerned, the improvement of H cJ due to diffusion of the RM alloy itself is large, and the effect of using RH oxide is slight. Therefore, it seems that the reduction effect of the RH oxide by the RM alloy is not so much exhibited.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for producing an RTB -based sintered magnet having high H cJ by reducing the amount of RH present on the magnet surface and effectively diffusing it inside the magnet. Can be provided.
- the manufacturing method of the RTB-based sintered magnet of the present invention includes at least one particle layer or more on the surface of the prepared RTB-based sintered magnet in order from the magnet side.
- RLM alloy (RL is Nd and / or Pr, M is one or more elements selected from Cu, Fe, Ga, Co, Ni, Al) powder particle layer
- RH compound (RH is Dy and / or Tb, RH)
- the compound is one or more selected from RH fluoride, RH oxide, and RH oxyfluoride) and a powder particle layer in the presence of an RTB-based sintered magnet below the sintering temperature. Including a heat treatment step.
- the RLM alloy contains 50 atomic% or more of RL and has a melting point equal to or lower than the temperature of the heat treatment.
- the heat treatment is carried out in the presence of a mass ratio of RTB on the surface of the sintered magnet.
- the amount of RH in the powder present on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet is 0.03 to 0.35 mg per 1 mm 2 of the magnet surface.
- the method includes the step of applying at least one RLM alloy powder particle layer to the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet, and subsequently applying the RH compound powder particle layer.
- a slurry containing a mixed powder of RLM alloy powder and RH compound powder, a binder and / or a solvent is applied to the surface of the upper surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet, and RTB-based sintering is performed. Forming one or more RLM alloy powder particle layers on the surface of the magnet.
- the RH compound is RH fluoride and / or RH oxyfluoride.
- the RLM alloy can reduce the RH compound with higher efficiency than before and diffuse the RH into the RTB-based sintered magnet.
- H cJ can be improved to be equal to or higher than that of the prior art.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM photograph of the coating layer in an Example.
- A is a diagram showing an SEM image
- (b) to (g) are diagrams showing element mapping of Tb, Nd, fluorine, Cu, oxygen, and Fe, respectively
- (h) is a slurry coating layer and a magnet surface It is a figure which shows typically the position of the contact interface with.
- the method for producing an RTB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention comprises, on the surface of the prepared RTB-based sintered magnet, in order from the magnet side, at least one RLM alloy powder particle layer, And a heat treatment at a temperature equal to or lower than the sintering temperature of the RTB-based sintered magnet in the presence of the RH compound powder particle layer.
- the RLM alloy contains 50 atomic% or more of RL and has a melting point equal to or lower than the temperature of the heat treatment.
- the heat treatment is carried out in the presence of a mass ratio of RTB on the surface of the sintered magnet.
- the present inventor presents an RH compound on the surface of an RTB -based sintered magnet together with a diffusion aid that reduces the RH compound during heat treatment. It was considered that the heat treatment method was effective.
- an RLM alloy having a specific combination of RL and M (RLM alloy) containing 50 atomic% or more of RL and having a melting point equal to or lower than the heat treatment temperature is present on the magnet surface. It was found that the reducing ability of the RH compound was excellent.
- a state in which at least one RLM alloy powder particle layer and an RH compound powder particle layer are present on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet in order from the magnet side that is, R—
- R— By heat-treating at least one particle layer RLM alloy powder particle layer in contact with the surface of the TB sintered magnet and a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the RLM alloy in the state where the RH compound powder particle layer is present thereon.
- the present inventors have found that the melted RLM alloy can efficiently reduce the RH compound and efficiently diffuse RH into the RTB-based sintered magnet. It is considered that the RH compound is reduced by the RLM alloy, and substantially only RH diffuses into the RTB-based sintered magnet.
- the fluorine in the RH compound hardly diffuses into the RTB-based sintered magnet.
- the RH compound is RH fluoride and / or RH oxyfluoride
- the powder particle layer of such RH compound is hardly melted during the heat treatment, and the outermost layer is made the RH compound powder particle layer. Since it is difficult to weld with the processing container and base plate used in the heat treatment, it was found that the workability is very good.
- a substance containing RH is referred to as a “diffusion agent”, and a substance that reduces the RH of the diffusing agent to a state where it can diffuse is referred to as a “diffusion aid”.
- RTB-based sintered magnet base material First, in the present invention, an RTB-based sintered magnet base material to be diffused of heavy rare earth element RH is prepared.
- an RTB-based sintered magnet that is a target of diffusion of the heavy rare earth element RH may be strictly referred to as an RTB-based sintered magnet base material.
- the term “RTB system sintered magnet” includes such “RTB system sintered magnet base material”.
- a known material can be used, for example, having the following composition.
- Rare earth element R 12 to 17 atomic% B (a part of B (boron) may be substituted with C (carbon)): 5 to 8 atomic%
- Additive element M ′ selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi At least one kind): 0 to 2 atomic% T (which is a transition metal element mainly containing Fe and may contain Co) and inevitable impurities: the balance
- the rare earth element R is mainly a light rare earth element RL (Nd and / or Pr), It may contain rare earth elements.
- Dy and Tb which are heavy rare earth elements RH.
- the RTB-based sintered magnet base material having the above composition is manufactured by an arbitrary manufacturing method.
- RLM alloy powder is used.
- RL a light rare earth element having a high effect of reducing the RH compound is suitable, and RL is Nd and / or Pr.
- M is at least one selected from Cu, Fe, Ga, Co, Ni, and Al.
- the RLM alloy uses an alloy containing RL at 50 atomic% or more and having a melting point equal to or lower than the heat treatment temperature.
- the RLM alloy preferably contains 65 atomic% or more of RL.
- An RLM alloy having a content ratio of RL of 50 atomic% or more has a high ability of RL to reduce the RH compound, and since the melting point is equal to or lower than the heat treatment temperature, it melts during the heat treatment and efficiently reduces the RH compound.
- the RH reduced in a proportion is diffused into the RTB -based sintered magnet, and the H cJ of the RTB -based sintered magnet can be improved efficiently even with a small amount.
- the particle size of the RLM alloy powder is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of realizing uniform coating.
- the particle size of the RLM alloy powder is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the particle size of the RLM alloy powder is about 5 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of easy oxidation and prevention of oxidation.
- a typical example of the particle size of the RLM alloy powder is 20 to 100 ⁇ m.
- it is necessary is just to measure the particle size of a powder by calculating
- the method for producing the diffusion aid is not particularly limited.
- an ingot of an RLM alloy is prepared, a method of pulverizing the ingot, and a method of preparing an alloy ribbon by a roll quenching method and pulverizing the alloy ribbon Can be included. From the viewpoint of easy pulverization, it is preferable to use a roll quenching method.
- the diffusing agent powder of an RH compound (RH is Dy and / or Tb, and the RH compound is one or more selected from RH fluoride, RH oxide, and RH oxyfluoride) is used. Since the RH compound powder is equal to or less in mass ratio than the RLM alloy powder, the particle size of the RH compound powder is preferably small in order to uniformly apply the RH compound powder. According to the study by the present inventor, the particle size of the RH compound powder is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, in the size of the aggregated secondary particles. Small ones are about 1 ⁇ m in primary particles.
- RH fluoride powder can be prepared by precipitation from a solution containing RH hydrate, and can also be prepared by other known methods.
- the method of making it exist is not specifically limited, What kind of method may be sufficient.
- a slurry prepared by mixing an RLM alloy powder and a binder and / or a solvent such as pure water or an organic solvent is applied to the surface of an RTB-based sintered magnet, and dried as necessary.
- a method of applying a slurry prepared by mixing an RH compound powder, a binder, and / or a solvent may be used. That is, there is a method in which the RLM alloy powder particle layer and the RH compound powder particle layer are separately formed by coating.
- the RLM alloy powder may be mixed with the RH compound powder and coated. That is, the RH compound powder particle layer may contain the RH compound powder and the RLM alloy powder as long as the ratio of the entire RLM alloy and the RH compound is within the scope of the present invention. Since the amount of the RH compound powder is smaller than that of the RLM alloy powder, the amount of the RH compound powder can be easily adjusted by mixing the RH compound powder with the RLM alloy powder.
- the RLM alloy powder mixed in the RH compound powder may be the same type as the lower layer RLM alloy powder or may be different. That is, for example, the RLM alloy in which the lower layer RLM alloy is an RLAl alloy mixed with the RH compound may be an RLCu alloy.
- the following methods (1) to (3) are used to make them exist on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet. There may be.
- (1) A method in which an RLM alloy powder and an RH compound powder or a mixed powder of an RLM alloy powder and an RH compound powder are sequentially spread on the surface of an RTB-based sintered magnet.
- (2) First, a slurry prepared by uniformly mixing RLM alloy powder with a binder and / or solvent is applied to the surface of an RTB-based sintered magnet and then dried.
- a method of applying a slurry prepared by uniformly mixing a binder and / or a solvent with a mixed powder of RH compound powder or RLM alloy powder and RH compound powder, and a binder and / or a solvent (3) First, an RTB-based sintered magnet is immersed in a solution obtained by dispersing RLM alloy powder in a solvent such as pure water or an organic solvent, and then dried. Further, the dried RTB-based sintered magnet is immersed in a solution obtained by dispersing RH compound powder or a mixed powder of RLM alloy powder and RH compound powder in a solvent such as pure water or an organic solvent. How to pull up.
- the binder and the solvent should be removed from the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet by thermal decomposition or evaporation at a temperature not higher than the melting point of the diffusion aid in the subsequent heating process.
- Well not particularly limited.
- a slurry prepared by uniformly mixing a mixed powder of RLM alloy powder and RH compound powder, a binder and / or a solvent is applied to the surface of the upper surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet, and left standing.
- the RLM alloy powder may be preferentially settled using the difference in settling speed between the RLM alloy powder and the RH compound powder, and separated into the RLM alloy powder particle layer and the RH compound powder particle layer.
- at least one RLM alloy powder particle layer in contact with the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet and an RH compound powder particle layer can be formed thereon.
- the “upper surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet” is the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet that faces upward in the vertical direction when the slurry is applied.
- the RTB-based sintered magnet When slurry is applied to the upper surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet, the RTB-based sintered magnet is vibrated with ultrasonic waves to separate the RLM alloy powder particle layer and the RH compound powder particle layer. Can be encouraged.
- the mixing ratio of the powder and the binder and / or solvent at this time is preferably 50:50 to 95: 5 by mass ratio.
- each surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet is formed on the surface to which the slurry is applied. Apply slurry.
- the slurry in which the RLM alloy powder and the RH compound powder are mixed as described above is applied to the RTB-based sintered magnet, and then separated into the RLM alloy powder particle layer and the RH compound powder particle layer. Suitable for mass production.
- it is effective to make the particle size of the RH compound powder relatively smaller than the particle size of the RLM alloy powder.
- the particle size can be determined by any particle size measurement method. For example, if the particle size is measured by observing particles under a microscope, and the RH compound powder is smaller than the RLM alloy powder, a difference occurs in the settling speed between the RLM alloy powder and the RH compound powder, and the RLM alloy powder particle layer and the RH compound powder particle It can be separated into layers.
- the RLM alloy since the RLM alloy has a melting point lower than the heat treatment temperature, it melts during the heat treatment, and thereby RH reduced with high efficiency diffuses into the RTB-based sintered magnet. It becomes easy to do. Therefore, before the RLM alloy powder and the RH compound powder are present on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet, special cleaning such as pickling is performed on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet. There is no need to perform the conversion process. Of course, it does not exclude performing such a cleaning process.
- the present invention does not necessarily exclude the presence of a powder (third powder) other than the RLM alloy and RH compound powder on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet, but the third powder is contained in the RH compound. Care must be taken not to inhibit the diffusion of RH in the RTB-based sintered magnet.
- the mass ratio of the “RLM alloy and RH compound” powder in the entire powder existing on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet is desirably 70% or more.
- the present invention it is possible to efficiently improve the H cJ of an RTB -based sintered magnet with a small amount of RH.
- the amount of RH in the powder present on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet is preferably 0.03 to 0.35 mg, preferably 0.05 to 0.25 mg per 1 mm 2 of the magnet surface. Is more preferable.
- Heat treatment is performed in a state where the powder of the RLM alloy and the powder of the RH compound are present on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet. Since the RLM alloy powder melts after the start of the heat treatment, it is not necessary for the RLM alloy to always maintain a “powder” state during the heat treatment.
- the atmosphere for the heat treatment is preferably a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
- the heat treatment temperature is not higher than the sintering temperature of the RTB-based sintered magnet (specifically, for example, 1000 ° C. or lower) and higher than the melting point of the RLM alloy.
- the heat treatment time is, for example, 10 minutes to 72 hours.
- a heat treatment may be further performed at 400 to 700 ° C. for 10 minutes to 72 hours as necessary.
- Nd 2 O 3 or the like may be applied or dispersed.
- the surface of the B-based sintered magnet base material was further removed by machining by 0.2 mm, and the measurement was performed after measuring 6.5 mm ⁇ 7.0 mm ⁇ 7.0 mm.
- oxygen was 760 mass ppm
- nitrogen was 490 mass ppm
- carbon was 905 mass ppm.
- a diffusion aid having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- the diffusion aid was pulverized with a coffee mill to obtain a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less.
- Table 1 shows the diffusion aid powder, TbF 3 powder or DyF 3 powder or Tb 4 O 7 powder or Dy 2 O 3 powder having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or less, and 5% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol.
- a slurry was obtained by mixing the diffusion aid + the diffusing agent and the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution at a mass ratio of 2: 1 so as to obtain the mixing mass ratio shown.
- the amount of RH per 1 mm 2 of RTB system sintered magnet surface is displayed on this slurry on two surfaces of 7.4 mm x 7.4 mm of the RTB system sintered magnet base material. It was applied so as to have a value of 1. Specifically, the slurry was applied to the 7.4 mm ⁇ 7.4 mm upper surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet base material, allowed to stand for 1 minute, and then dried at 85 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the RTB-based sintered magnet base material was turned upside down, and the slurry was similarly applied, allowed to stand, and dried.
- the melting point of the diffusion aid shown in the present example describes the value shown in the binary phase diagram of the RLM alloy.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional SEM photograph of a coating layer of a sample produced by the same method as Sample 5.
- Table 2 shows the results of EDX analysis at the locations shown in FIG.
- the diffusion aid powder settles to form one or more RLM alloy powder particle layers in contact with the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet base material. It can be seen that a layer of RH compound (RH fluoride) particles is formed thereon.
- RH fluoride RH fluoride
- the RTB-based sintered magnet base material having this slurry coating layer was placed on a Mo plate, housed in a processing container, and capped. This lid does not prevent the gas from entering or leaving the container. This was accommodated in a heat treatment furnace and heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 4 hours in an Ar atmosphere of 100 Pa. The heat treatment was carried out under the above conditions after the temperature was raised while evacuating from room temperature and the atmospheric pressure and temperature reached the above conditions. Thereafter, after the temperature was lowered to room temperature, the Mo plate was taken out and the RTB-based sintered magnet was collected. The recovered RTB-based sintered magnet was returned to the processing vessel and housed again in a heat treatment furnace, and heat treatment was performed at 500 ° C.
- R-T-B based sintered magnet according to the manufacturing method of the present invention has improved H cJ is large without B r is decreased, but a mixed mass ratio specified in the present invention It was found that Samples 1 and 101 having a large amount of RH compounds did not achieve the present invention in terms of improvement in H cJ . It was also found that Samples 9 and 109 having only one RLM alloy powder particle layer and Samples 10, 11 , 110 and 111 having only one RH compound powder particle layer did not reach the present invention in improving H cJ .
- FIG. 2A is an SEM image
- FIGS. 2B to 2G are element mappings of Tb, Nd, fluorine, Cu, oxygen, and Fe, respectively.
- FIG. 2 (h) is a diagram schematically showing the position of the contact interface between the slurry coating layer and the magnet surface.
- fluorine was detected together with Nd and oxygen above the contact interface between the slurry coating layer and the magnet surface, and the amount of Tb detected in the portion where fluorine was detected was extremely small.
- fluorine was not detected below the contact interface (inside the magnet), and Tb was detected.
- the H cJ of the RTB -based sintered magnet by the manufacturing method of the present invention is greatly improved because the RLM alloy as the diffusion aid reduces RH fluoride and RL becomes fluorine. This is considered to be due to the fact that the reduced and reduced RH diffuses inside the magnet and efficiently contributes to the improvement of H cJ .
- fluorine is not substantially detected in the internal magnet, i.e. the fluorine within the magnet does not penetrate also considered factors that significantly reduce the B r.
- Example 2 The same RTB-based sintered magnet base material as in Experimental Example 1 was prepared. Next, a diffusion aid having the composition shown in Table 4 and a TbF 3 powder or DyF 3 powder having a particle size of 20 ⁇ m or less are prepared and mixed with a 5% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a slurry of the diffusion aid and a slurry of the diffusion agent. It was.
- the RTB-based sintered magnet base material coated with this slurry was heat-treated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 to obtain Samples 12 to 14 and 112 to 114, and the magnetic properties were measured. The results are shown in Table 5. Tables 4 and 5 also show the values of Samples 4, 5, 8, 104, 105, and 108 of Experimental Example 1 with the same conditions as Samples 12 to 14 and 112 to 114 except for the coating method.
- Example 4 Using the diffusion aid having the composition shown in Table 8, the mass ratio of the diffusion aid to the diffusion agent and the amount of RH per mm 2 of the RTB-based sintered magnet surface (diffusion surface) are the values shown in Table 8. Samples 23 to 28 and 123 to 128 were obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 except that the coating was performed as described above. Samples 26 and 126 had the same diffusion aid and diffusing agent and mass ratio as Sample 1 (which contained more RH compounds than the mass ratio defined in the present invention) in which the preferred results were not obtained in Experimental Example 1.
- HcJ could be improved in the same manner as the RTB -based sintered magnet produced by the production method of the present invention.
- the amount of RH per 1 mm 2 of the surface of the RTB -based sintered magnet (diffusion surface) is larger than that of the RTB -based sintered magnet of the present invention. More RH was required than the invention, and the effect of improving H cJ with a small amount of RH was not obtained.
- the amount of RH per 1 mm 2 of the surface of the B-based sintered magnet (diffusion surface) is much larger than that of the RTB -based sintered magnet of the present invention, and in order to improve H cJ equally, it is more than the present invention.
- the effect of improving H cJ with a small amount of RH was not obtained.
- Example 5 A slurry was prepared by mixing a diffusion aid having a composition of Nd 70 Cu 30 (atomic%) and TbF 3 powder (diffusion agent) such that the diffusion aid: diffusing agent was 9: 1. Samples 29 to 31 and 129 to 131 were obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the heat treatment was performed under the same conditions. The resulting magnetic characteristics of the sample 29 to 31,129 to 131 measured by the B-H tracer was determined the amount of change in H cJ and B r. The results are shown in Table 11.
- the RTB-based sintered magnet according to the manufacturing method of the present invention has a Br of It was found that H cJ was greatly improved without decreasing.
- Samples 36 and 37 were obtained in the same manner as Sample 6 and Sample 19 except that Tb 4 O 7 powder having a particle size of 20 ⁇ m or less was used as the diffusing agent. Magnetic properties of the obtained samples 36 and 37 was measured by a B-H tracer was determined the amount of change in H cJ and B r. Moreover, the presence or absence of welding with Mo board at the time of taking out each sample from the heat processing furnace was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 15.
- samples 36, 37 using an RH oxide as a diffusion agent may be equally reduced B r and R-T-B based sintered magnet according to the manufacturing method of the present invention with respect to magnetic properties HcJ was greatly improved.
- the RTB-based sintered magnet and the Mo plate are welded by applying Y 2 O 3 powder between the RTB-based sintered magnet and the Mo plate during heat treatment. It was found that it was difficult to collect the sample without contriving.
- Example 8 A sample 40 was obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that a diffusing agent containing an acid fluoride was used and a mixed powder mixed with a diffusion aid shown in Table 16 and a mixing mass ratio shown in Table 16 was used. . Magnetic properties of the obtained samples 40 measured by the B-H tracer was determined the amount of change in H cJ and B r. The results are shown in Table 17. Table 17 also shows the results of Sample 4 manufactured under the same conditions using TbF 3 as a diffusing agent for comparison.
- the diffusing agent powder of Sample 40 and the diffusing agent powder of Sample 4 were measured by gas analysis.
- the diffusing agent powder of Sample 4 is the same as the diffusing agent powder used in the other samples using TbF 3 .
- the oxygen content of the diffusing agent powder of sample 4 was 400 ppm, but the oxygen content of the diffusing agent powder of sample 40 was 4000 ppm. Both carbon contents were less than 100 ppm.
- sample 40 was divided into a region with a large amount of oxygen and a region with a small amount of oxygen. In sample 4, such a region having a different oxygen content was not observed.
- Table 18 shows the component analysis results of Samples 4 and 40.
- Tb oxyfluoride generated in the process of producing TbF 3 remained in the region of sample 40 where the amount of oxygen was large.
- the calculated ratio of oxyfluoride was about 10% by mass.
- Example 9 A diffusion aid whose surface was oxidized was prepared by allowing the diffusion aid to stand in a normal temperature atmosphere for 50 days. Except for this point, Sample 41 was prepared in the same manner as Sample 5, and Sample 140 was prepared in the same manner as Sample 105. The diffusion aid after standing for 50 days turned black, and the oxygen content, which was 670 ppm before standing, rose to 4700 ppm.
- the RTB-based sintered magnet base material was allowed to stand for 100 hours in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 90% and a temperature of 60 ° C., and many red rusts were generated on the surface.
- a sample 42 was produced in the same manner as the sample 5 and a sample 141 was produced in the same manner as the sample 105 except that such RTB-based sintered magnet base material was used.
- Magnetic properties of the resulting samples 41,42,140,141 measured by the B-H tracer was determined the amount of change in H cJ and B r. The results are shown in Table 19. Table 19 also shows the results of Samples 5 and 105 for comparison.
- the present invention provides an alloy of RL and M (RL is Nd and / or Pr, M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ga, Co, Ni, and Al) ) And the powder particles of the compound containing RH and fluorine (RH is Dy and / or Tb) into the powder particles of the RLM alloy. And a step of heat-treating the RTB-based sintered magnet at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the RLM alloy and not higher than the sintering temperature of the RTB-based sintered magnet. The heat treatment is started in a state where the powder particles of the alloy and the powder particles of the compound are present on the RTB-based sintered magnet.
- the powder particles of the alloy only need to be distributed in a position closer to the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet than the powder particles of the compound.
- the powder particles of the alloy are located on the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet so as to form at least one layer, and this layer is formed of the powder particles of the compound and RT. It is interposed between the surface of the B-based sintered magnet. Therefore, the powder particles of the compound are distributed at positions away from the surface of the RTB-based sintered magnet.
- the method for producing an RTB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention can provide an RTB -based sintered magnet in which HcJ is improved by a smaller amount of heavy rare earth element RH.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明では、重希土類元素RHの拡散の対象とするR-T-B系焼結磁石母材を準備する。なお、本明細書では、わかりやすさのため、重希土類元素RHの拡散の対象とするR-T-B系焼結磁石をR-T-B系焼結磁石母材と厳密に称することがあるが、「R-T-B系焼結磁石」の用語はそのような「R-T-B系焼結磁石母材」を含むものとする。このR-T-B系焼結磁石母材は公知のものが使用でき、例えば以下の組成を有する。
希土類元素R:12~17原子%
B(B(ボロン)の一部はC(カーボン)で置換されていてもよい):5~8原子%
添加元素M´(Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Pb、およびBiからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種):0~2原子%
T(Feを主とする遷移金属元素であって、Coを含んでもよい)および不可避不純物:残部
ここで、希土類元素Rは、主として軽希土類元素RL(Ndおよび/またはPr)であるが、重希土類元素を含有していてもよい。なお、重希土類元素を含有する場合は、重希土類元素RHであるDy、Tbの少なくとも一方を含むことが好ましい。
拡散助剤としては、RLM合金の粉末を用いる。RLとしてはRH化合物を還元する効果の高い軽希土類元素が適しており、RLはNdおよび/またはPrとする。またMはCu、Fe、Ga、Co、Ni、Alから選ばれる1種以上とする。中でもNd-Cu合金やNd-Al合金を用いると、NdによるRH化合物の還元能力が効果的に発揮され、HcJの向上効果がより高いので好ましい。また、RLM合金はRLを50原子%以上含み、かつ、その融点が熱処理温度以下の合金を用いる。RLM合金はRLを65原子%以上含むことが好ましい。RLの含有割合が50原子%以上のRLM合金は、RLがRH化合物を還元する能力が高く、かつ、融点が熱処理温度以下であるので熱処理時に溶融してRH化合物を効率よく還元し、より高い割合で還元されたRHがR-T-B系焼結磁石中に拡散して少量でも効率よくR-T-B系焼結磁石のHcJを向上させることができる。RLM合金の粉末の粒度は、均一塗布を実現するという観点から、500μm以下が好ましい。RLM合金の粉末の粒度は150μm以下が好ましく、100μm以下がより好ましい。RLM合金粉末の粒度が小さすぎると、酸化しやすく酸化防止の観点から、RLM合金粉末の粒度の下限は5μm程度である。RLM合金の粉末の粒度の典型例は、20~100μmである。なお、粉末の粒度は、例えば顕微鏡観察によって最も大きい粉末粒子と最も小さい粉末粒子の大きさを求めることによって測定すればよい。また、篩を用いて上限より大きい粉末と下限より小さい粉末を除去して用いることもできる。例えば目開き0.50mmのメッシュを使用して粉末を篩にかければ、粉末の粒度を500μm以下に調整できる。
拡散剤としては、RH化合物(RHはDyおよび/またはTb、RH化合物はRHフッ化物、RH酸化物、RH酸フッ化物から選ばれる1種または2種以上)の粉末を用いる。RH化合物粉末はRLM合金粉末よりも質量比率で等しいか少ないため、RH化合物粉末を均一に塗布するには、RH化合物粉末の粒度が小さいことが好ましい。本発明者の検討によれば、RH化合物の粉末の粒度は凝集した2次粒子の大きさにおいて20μm以下が好ましく、10μm以下がより好ましい。小さいものは1次粒子で数μm程度である。
拡散剤と拡散助剤をR-T-B系焼結磁石表面に存在させる方法、すなわち、磁石側から順に、少なくとも1粒子層以上のRLM合金粉末粒子層と、RH化合物粉末粒子層と、を存在させた状態にする方法は特に限定されず、どのような方法であってもよい。例えば、R-T-B系焼結磁石表面に、RLM合金粉末とバインダおよび/または純水や有機溶剤などの溶媒を混合して作製したスラリーを塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥した後、その上にRH化合物粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を混合して作製したスラリーを塗布する方法であってもよい。すなわち、RLM合金粉末粒子層と、RH化合物粉末粒子層とを別々に塗布形成する方法があげられる。
(1)RLM合金の粉末と、RH化合物粉末またはRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末の混合粉末を、順次R-T-B系焼結磁石の表面に散布する方法。
(2)まず、RLM合金の粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を均一に混合して作製したスラリーをR-T-B系焼結磁石の表面に塗布後乾燥する。さらにその上に、RH化合物粉末またはRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末の混合粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を均一に混合して作製したスラリーを塗布する方法。
(3)まず、RLM合金の粉末を純水や有機溶剤などの溶媒に分散させた溶液にR-T-B系焼結磁石を浸漬して引き上げて乾燥する。さらに、乾燥後のR-T-B系焼結磁石を、RH化合物粉末、またはRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末との混合粉末を純水や有機溶剤などの溶媒に分散させた溶液に浸漬して引き上げる方法。
RLM合金の粉末とRH化合物の粉末とをR-T-B系焼結磁石の表面に存在させた状態で熱処理を行う。なお、熱処理の開始後、RLM合金の粉末は溶融するため、RLM合金が熱処理中に常に「粉末」の状態を維持する必要は無い。熱処理の雰囲気は真空または不活性ガス雰囲気が好ましい。熱処理温度はR-T-B系焼結磁石の焼結温度以下(具体的には例えば1000℃以下)であり、かつ、RLM合金の融点よりも高い温度である。熱処理時間は例えば10分~72時間である。また前記熱処理の後必要に応じてさらに400~700℃で10分~72時間の熱処理を行ってもよい。なお、処理容器とR-T-B系焼結磁石の溶着を防止するため、処理容器の底面またはR-T-B系焼結磁石を載置する台板にY2O3、ZrO2、Nd2O3などを塗布または散布してもよい。
まず、公知の方法で、組成比Nd=13.4、B=5.8、Al=0.5、Cu=0.1、Co=1.1、残部=Fe(原子%)のR-T-B系焼結磁石を作製した。これを機械加工することにより、6.9mm×7.4mm×7.4mmのR-T-B系焼結磁石母材を得た。得られたR-T-B系焼結磁石母材の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定したところ、HcJは1035kA/m、Brは1.45Tであった。なお、後述の通り、熱処理後のR-T-B系焼結磁石の磁気特性は、R-T-B系焼結磁石の表面を機械加工にて除去してから測定するので、R-T-B系焼結磁石母材もそれに合わせて、表面をさらにそれぞれ0.2mmずつ機械加工にて除去し、大きさ6.5mm×7.0mm×7.0mmとしてから測定した。なお、別途R-T-B系焼結磁石母材の不純物量をガス分析装置によって測定したところ、酸素が760質量ppm、窒素が490質量ppm、炭素が905質量ppmであった。
実験例1と同じR-T-B系焼結磁石母材を用意した。次に表4に示す組成の拡散助剤と粒度20μm以下のTbF3粉末またはDyF3粉末を用意し、それぞれポリビニルアルコール5質量%水溶液と混合して拡散助剤のスラリーおよび拡散剤のスラリーを得た。
表6に示す組成の拡散助剤を使用し表6で示す混合質量比でTbF3粉末と混合した混合粉末を用いること以外は実験例1と同様にしてサンプル15~22、38、39、115~122、138,139を得た。得られたサンプル15~22、38、39、115~122、138,139の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表7に示す。
表8に示す組成の拡散助剤を使用し、拡散助剤と拡散剤の質量比およびR-T-B系焼結磁石表面(拡散面)1mm2あたりのRH量が表8の値となるように塗布したこと以外は実験例2と同様にしてサンプル23~28、123~128を得た。サンプル26、126は、実験例1において好ましい結果が得られなかったサンプル1(本発明で規定する質量比率よりもRH化合物が多いもの)と同じ拡散助剤と拡散剤、質量比で、R-T-B系焼結磁石表面(拡散面)1mm2あたりのRH量を表8に示す値に増やしたものであり、サンプル27、127は、実験例3において好ましい結果が得られなかったサンプル18、118(RLが50原子%未満の拡散助剤を使用したもの)と同じ拡散助剤と拡散剤、質量比で、R-T-B系焼結磁石表面(拡散面)1mm2あたりのRH量を表8に示す値に増やしたものであり、サンプル28、128は拡散助剤としてRHM合金を用いたものである。得られたサンプル23~28、123~128の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表9に示す。なお、それぞれの表には比較対象の実施例としてサンプル5の値を示している。
組成がNd70Cu30(原子%)の拡散助剤とTbF3粉末(拡散剤)を、拡散助剤:拡散剤が9:1となるように混合してスラリーを作製し、表10に示す条件で熱処理を行ったこと以外は、実験例1と同様にしてサンプル29~31、129~131を得た。得られたサンプル29~31、129~131の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表11に示す。
R-T-B系焼結磁石母材を表12に示す組成、焼結温度、不純物量、および磁気特性のものとしたこと以外はサンプル5と同様にしてサンプル32~35、サンプル105と同様にしてサンプル132~135を得た。得られたサンプル32~35、132~135の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表13に示す。
拡散剤として粒度20μm以下のTb4O7粉末を使用したこと以外はサンプル6、サンプル19と同様にして、それぞれサンプル36、37を得た。得られたサンプル36、37の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。また、それぞれのサンプルを熱処理炉から取り出した際のMo板との溶着の有無を評価した。結果を表15に示す。
酸フッ化物を含有する拡散剤を使用し、表16に示す拡散助剤と表16に示す混合質量比で混合した混合粉末を用いること以外は、実験例1と同様にしてサンプル40を得た。得られたサンプル40の磁気特性をB-Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表17に示す。表17には、比較のため、拡散剤としてTbF3を用いて同じ条件で作製したサンプル4の結果も示している。
拡散助剤を常温大気中に50日間放置することにより、表面を酸化させた拡散助剤を用意した。この点以外はサンプル5と同様にしてサンプル41を、同じくサンプル105と同様にしてサンプル140を作製した。なお、50日間の放置後の拡散助剤は黒く変色し、放置前に670ppmであった酸素含有量が4700ppmに上昇した。
Claims (5)
- R-T-B系焼結磁石を用意する工程と、
前記R-T-B系焼結磁石の表面に、磁石側から順に、少なくとも1粒子層以上のRLM合金(RLはNdおよび/またはPr、MはCu、Fe、Ga、Co、Ni、Alから選ばれる1種以上の元素)粉末粒子層と、RH化合物(RHはDyおよび/またはTb、RH化合物はRHフッ化物、RH酸化物、RH酸フッ化物から選ばれる1種または2種以上)粉末粒子層と、を存在させた状態でR-T-B系焼結磁石の焼結温度以下で熱処理する工程を含み、
前記RLM合金はRLを50原子%以上含み、かつ、前記RLM合金の融点は前記熱処理の温度以下であり、
前記熱処理は、前記RLM合金の粉末と前記RH化合物の粉末とが、RLM合金:RH化合物=9.6:0.4~5:5の質量比率で前記R-T-B系焼結磁石の表面に存在する状態で行われる、R-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記R-T-B系焼結磁石の表面において、前記RH化合物の粉末に含まれるRHの質量は、前記表面の1mm2あたりで0.03~0.35mgである請求項1に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記R-T-B系焼結磁石の表面に少なくとも1粒子層以上のRLM合金粉末粒子層を塗布し、続いてRH化合物粉末粒子層を塗布する工程を含む、請求項1または2に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記R-T-B系焼結磁石の上面の表面にRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末の混合粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を含むスラリーを塗布し、R-T-B系焼結磁石の前記表面に1粒子層以上のRLM合金粉末粒子層を形成する、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記RH化合物はRHフッ化物および/またはRH酸フッ化物である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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JPWO2016093174A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-09-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
JPWO2016093173A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-09-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
JP2018082147A (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-05-24 | ▲煙▼台正海磁性材料股▲ふん▼有限公司 | R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
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JP2018098430A (ja) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
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CN109983553A (zh) * | 2017-01-31 | 2019-07-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系烧结磁体的制造方法 |
EP3579257A4 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-02-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING R-T-B SINTERED MAGNET |
CN109964290B (zh) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-05-01 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系烧结磁体的制造方法 |
WO2018143229A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
US11037724B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2021-06-15 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Method for producing R-T-B sintered magnet |
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JP2019062152A (ja) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-18 | 日立金属株式会社 | 拡散源 |
JP2022013704A (ja) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-18 | 有研稀土新材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | 改質焼結Nd-Fe-B磁石、その作製方法および用途 |
JP7301904B2 (ja) | 2020-06-29 | 2023-07-03 | 有研稀土新材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | 改質焼結Nd-Fe-B磁石、その作製方法および用途 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2016039352A1 (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
CN106688065B (zh) | 2019-05-31 |
EP3193347A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
CN106688065A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
US10510483B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
US20170263380A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
EP3193347A4 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
JP6414597B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 |
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