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WO2016035350A1 - Terminal d'informations portable, et procédé de commande et son programme de commande - Google Patents

Terminal d'informations portable, et procédé de commande et son programme de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016035350A1
WO2016035350A1 PCT/JP2015/052082 JP2015052082W WO2016035350A1 WO 2016035350 A1 WO2016035350 A1 WO 2016035350A1 JP 2015052082 W JP2015052082 W JP 2015052082W WO 2016035350 A1 WO2016035350 A1 WO 2016035350A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
physique
target person
image data
distance
information terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/052082
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
光宏 寺本
Original Assignee
株式会社sizebook
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社sizebook filed Critical 株式会社sizebook
Priority to JP2016546332A priority Critical patent/JP6387417B2/ja
Publication of WO2016035350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016035350A1/fr

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41HAPPLIANCES OR METHODS FOR MAKING CLOTHES, e.g. FOR DRESS-MAKING OR FOR TAILORING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A41H1/00Measuring aids or methods
    • A41H1/02Devices for taking measurements on the human body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for calculating physique information from image data obtained by photographing a person with a portable information terminal.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a physique information measurement device that includes an imaging unit that captures the body of a person to be measured and an arithmetic unit that calculates the dimensions of the body based on a captured image of the body captured by the imaging unit. Has been.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-133867 discloses an apparatus that captures an image of a person wearing clothes with an infrared camera and generates a contour image from an image captured by the infrared camera using the fact that the clothes are cooler than the body temperature of the person to be measured. It is disclosed.
  • physique information for clothing size selection, it is convenient to be able to shoot with a mobile phone or smartphone.
  • mobile phones and smartphones are not made exclusively for acquiring physique information, it cannot be said that the convenience in acquiring physique information is sufficient. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain physique information with high accuracy from images taken with a mobile phone or a smartphone.
  • Patent Document 1 The apparatus of Patent Document 1 is based on the premise that the person to be measured is naked or is wearing clothes that are in close contact with the body.
  • the device of Patent Document 2 can obtain a contour image of a person while wearing clothes, but is a large-scale device using a plurality of infrared cameras.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that makes it possible to acquire physique information with high accuracy by a portable information terminal.
  • the portable information terminal shoots the target person by encouraging the target person to open at a predetermined angle obliquely downward with both arms facing the front by at least one of audio output and screen display.
  • First image data is acquired
  • second image data is acquired by photographing the target person by urging the target person to open the arm horizontally and rotate the body around the vertical direction.
  • An imaging processing unit; and a physique information calculation unit that calculates a perimeter of the trunk based on the first image data and the second image data.
  • a portable information terminal includes a correction value for correcting a difference between a physique dimension that is a dimension of a predetermined part of a human body and a garment physique dimension that is a dimension of a predetermined part of a human body in a state of wearing clothes.
  • a physique correction information holding unit that holds physique correction information
  • a photographing processing unit that shoots the target person to acquire image data
  • a physique information calculation unit that calculates a physique size of the target person by correcting with a correction value.
  • a portable information terminal includes a photographing processing unit that photographs a target person to acquire image data, and extracts a plurality of predetermined parts included in the face of the target person from the image data, and the predetermined part
  • a first distance which is a distance between the predetermined position specified in step 1 and the sole, is calculated, and a second distance, which is a distance between the predetermined position and the top of the head, is estimated based on a mutual distance between the plurality of predetermined parts.
  • a physique information calculation unit that uses the total distance of the first distance and the second distance as the height of the target person.
  • physique information with high accuracy can be acquired with a portable information terminal.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the physique information calculation device 10 wraps around from the front side of the target person 30 to the side surface. It is a figure which shows a mode that the information which shows that the angle
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the positional relationship between the physique information calculation device 10 and the target person 30 when the target person 30 is photographed. It is a figure which shows the image of the part of the face of the target person 30 image
  • photographed from the front. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a physique information calculation process performed by the physique information calculation apparatus 10. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of the physique information calculation system by 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the height in a human body, the distance from a sole part to a chest, the distance from a sole part to a navel, the crotch, and the distance from a chest to the top of the head.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows a mode that the operator 20 fixes and hold
  • FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the physique information calculation process by the physique information calculation apparatus 10 by 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows a mode that the target person 30 opened both arms at 45 degree
  • FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the height calculation method by 6th Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the height calculation method by 7th Embodiment.
  • a physique information calculation device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of usage of the physique information acquisition device according to the present embodiment.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 shoots the target person 30 with a built-in camera (not shown) when the operator 20 operates, and from the obtained image data, the physique of the target person 30 Calculate the dimensions.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 is realized by installing an application on a smartphone. Therefore, the physique information calculation device 10 can use a camera function, an electronic compass function, and a gyro function included in the smartphone.
  • Physique dimensions are the dimensions of a predetermined part of the human body, such as height, shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam.
  • the physique dimension is a dimension of each part in a naked state or in a lightly worn state, and is information that can be used for selecting the size of clothes to be purchased.
  • the dimension of the predetermined part of the human body in a state in which clothes are worn is referred to as a clothing body dimension.
  • the operator 20 performs imaging so as to include the whole body from the top to the bottom of the target person 30 and the reference object 40.
  • the reference object 40 is an object having a known shape and size.
  • An object dedicated to the physique information calculation device 10 may be used, or a CD, magazine, newspaper, or any other application having a known shape and size.
  • shooting is performed with the target person 30 holding the reference object 40.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the physique information calculation device according to the present embodiment.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 includes a physique correction information holding unit 11, a clothing type information acquisition unit 12, a photographing processing unit 13, a physique information calculation unit 14, an orientation measurement unit 15, and a posture measurement unit 16.
  • a physique correction information holding unit 11 a clothing type information acquisition unit 12
  • a photographing processing unit 13 a physique information calculation unit 14
  • an orientation measurement unit 15 a posture measurement unit 16.
  • a posture measurement unit 16 a posture measurement unit 16.
  • the physique correction information holding unit 11 holds physique correction information including a correction value for correcting a difference between the clothing physique dimension and the physique dimension.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of physique correction information.
  • a shoulder width correction value, a chest circumference correction value, a waist circumference correction value, and a crotch correction value are defined in association with the clothing type.
  • the shoulder width correction value, chest circumference correction value, waist circumference correction value, and crotch correction value are correction values for the shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam, respectively.
  • the corresponding shoulder width correction value is -0.3 cm, chest measurement correction value is -0.5 cm, waist measurement correction value is -0.5 cm, and crotch correction value is 0 cm.
  • the clothing type is a T-shirt, the corresponding shoulder width correction value is -0.3 cm, the chest circumference correction value is -1.0 cm, the waist circumference correction value is -1.0 cm, and the crotch correction value is 0 cm.
  • the clothing type is a sweater, the corresponding shoulder width correction value is ⁇ 0.8 cm, the chest circumference correction value is ⁇ 1.6 cm, the waist circumference correction value is ⁇ 1.2 cm, and the crotch correction value is 0 cm.
  • the clothing type is a trainer, the corresponding shoulder width correction value is ⁇ 0.8 cm, the chest circumference correction value is ⁇ 1.6 cm, the waist circumference correction value is ⁇ 1.6 cm, and the crotch correction value is 0 cm.
  • the corresponding shoulder width correction value is 0 cm
  • chest measurement correction value is 0 cm
  • waist measurement correction value is 0 cm
  • crotch correction value is +4.0 cm.
  • the corresponding shoulder width correction value is 0 cm
  • the chest circumference correction value is 0 cm
  • the waist circumference correction value is 0 cm
  • the crotch correction value is +8.0 cm.
  • the shoulder width value in the naked state can be obtained.
  • the shoulder width value in the naked state can be obtained.
  • the inseam value in the naked state can be obtained.
  • the physique correction information an example is shown in which shoulder width correction values, chest circumference correction values, waist circumference correction values, and inseam correction values are fixedly defined in association with clothing types.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a plurality of correction values may be defined for items of the same physique size for the same clothing type.
  • different values may be defined for children of a predetermined size or less and adults.
  • the photographing processing unit 13 obtains image data by photographing the target person 30 with a camera included in the smartphone by the operation of the operator 20.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates a physique dimension by calculating a garment physique dimension from the image data and correcting the garment physique dimension with a correction value included in the physique correction information 50.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 detects the boundary between the region of the target person 30 and the background region in the image data, and extracts the head and feet from the shape of the region of the target person 30.
  • An existing edge detection technique may be used to detect the boundary between the area of the target person 30 and the background area.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance between the apex of the head (the top of the head) and the lowest point of the foot (the bottom of the foot) based on the relationship with the size of the reference object 40.
  • the calculated distance from the top of the head to the bottom of the foot is the height of the target person 30. If the target person 30 is holding the reference object 40, the distance between the physique information calculation device 10 and the target person 30 is equal to the distance between the physique information calculation device 10 and the reference object 40.
  • a known reference object The ratio between the size of 4 and the height of the target person 30 coincides with the ratio between the size of the reference object 40 and the height of the target person 30 on the image data.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam based on the size of the reference object 40 or the height of the target person 30.
  • the shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam calculated here are the clothes body dimensions.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 refers to the physique correction information in FIG. 3 and extracts the respective correction values for shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and crotch, and the shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, which are clothing body dimensions, The inseam value is corrected based on the correction value. Thereby, the values of the shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam of the target person 30 in the naked state are calculated.
  • the physique dimensions in the naked state are calculated by correcting the garment physique dimensions obtained by photographing the target person wearing clothes, the target person is photographed while wearing clothes.
  • accurate physique information can be calculated.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 displays information prompting the user to input the type of clothes being worn, and acquires and uses the information on the clothes type input by the operator 20. May be.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which information prompting the user to input the type of clothes being worn is displayed on the screen. Referring to FIG. 4, as an example, “Please select the type of clothes you are visiting” is displayed at the bottom of the screen, and “Underwear, T-shirt, Sweater, Trainer” is displayed as an option.
  • the clothing type information acquisition unit 12 obtains clothing type information indicating the type of clothing worn by the target person 30 by prompting input through an image display as illustrated in FIG.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 acquires a correction value corresponding to the clothing type indicated by the acquired clothing type information from the physique correction information 50, corrects the clothing physique dimension using the correction value, and obtains the physique dimension.
  • the shoulder width correction value is ⁇ 0.5 cm
  • the chest circumference correction value is ⁇ 1.0 cm
  • the waist circumference correction is -1.0 cm
  • the inseam correction value is +4.0 cm.
  • the physique dimensions can be obtained by adding these correction values to the shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam of the garment physique dimensions.
  • a correction value can be set for each type of clothing, and the physique dimensions can be calculated with high accuracy.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 may prompt the user with a screen display so that the worn clothes are in close contact with the body.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a screen display of information that prompts the user to bring the worn clothes into close contact with the body. Referring to FIG. 5, a message “Please make sure that your clothes are in close contact with your body” is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
  • the photographing processing unit 13 performs a screen display that prompts the user to bring the worn clothes into close contact with the body.
  • the operator 20 looks at the screen display and prompts the target person 30 to bring the clothes that are coming into close contact with the body.
  • the target person 30 causes the clothes to adhere to the body accordingly.
  • the operator 20 who has seen the screen display prompts the target person 30 to bring the clothes into close contact with each other, so that the physique dimensions can be calculated with higher accuracy.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 may prompt the user to open the arm diagonally downward at an angle of 45 degrees by screen display.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state in which information prompting the user to open the arm diagonally downward at an angle of 45 degrees is displayed on the screen. Referring to FIG. 6, “Please open both arms at 45 degrees” is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 performs a screen display that prompts the arm to open obliquely downward at an angle of 45 degrees. If the arm is raised too high, it becomes difficult to obtain the boundary between the shoulders, and the calculation accuracy of the shoulder width decreases. Conversely, if the arm is lowered too much, it becomes difficult to identify the boundary between the arm and the torso from the image data. Therefore, by opening the arm to about 45 degrees, both the shoulder boundary and the arm-torso boundary can be correctly recognized, and both the shoulder width and the waist circumference can be accurately calculated.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 first captures the front of the target person 30, then captures the side, and calculates the chest circumference and waist circumference based on the front image data and the side image data. It may be. In that case, when the physique information calculation device 10 captures the front of the target person 30 and then captures the side, the physique information calculation device 10 determines whether the direction of the camera is in a direction that is 90 degrees with respect to when the front is captured. The operator 20 may be assisted by screen display.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state in which information for prompting the subject person 30 to be photographed from the front is displayed on the screen. Referring to FIG. 7, “First, shooting is performed from the front” is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state in which information that prompts the subject person 30 to be photographed from the side is displayed on the screen. Referring to FIG. 8, “Next, we will shoot from the side. Please move to the side.”
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the physique information calculation device 10 wraps around from the front to the side of the target person 30.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 displays on the screen information that prompts the subject person 30 to be captured from the front.
  • the operator 20 images the target person 30 from the front.
  • the imaging processing unit 30 acquires the image data of the captured front image, and then displays information that prompts the user 30 to image the target person 30 from the side as shown in FIG.
  • the operator 20 goes around the side surface of the target person 30 as shown in FIG. 9 and shoots the target person 30 from the side surface.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 acquires the image data of the captured side surface.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 determines whether or not the direction of the camera is oriented in the direction of 90 degrees with the time when the front is imaged when the side is imaged after the front of the target person 30 is imaged.
  • the operator 20 may be assisted by the screen display.
  • the direction measuring unit 15 measures the direction of the physique information calculating device 10 using, for example, an electronic compass (not shown) built in the smartphone.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 refers to the orientation measured by the orientation measuring unit 15, and when photographing the side of the target person after photographing the front of the target person, the direction of the camera when photographing the front is 90 degrees.
  • the effect is displayed on the screen.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a state in which information indicating that the angle formed by the camera direction when the front of the target person 30 is photographed is 90 degrees is displayed on the screen. As an example, the message “Please come to the side and shoot there.” Is displayed.
  • the operator 20 can photograph the side surface of the target person 30 at a correct angle by adjusting the camera direction while viewing the screen display.
  • the operator 20 may perform a two-step photographing operation such as photographing the front and then photographing the side, or the photographing processing unit 13 of the physique information calculating device 10 may While acquiring the image data of the front and then going around to the side, the image data at that time may be automatically acquired when coming to the side while continuously monitoring the image data as in moving image shooting. .
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the chest circumference or waist circumference of the target person using the image data obtained by photographing the front side of the target person and the image data obtained by photographing the side surface.
  • the front side of the target person 30 who can easily orient the device is photographed. Then, when photographing the side surface of the target person 30, a screen display informs that the camera direction is 90 degrees with the direction of the front face. It is possible to measure the front and side pairs with high accuracy.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 when the angle of the camera when the side of the target person 30 is photographed and the angle of the camera when the front is photographed deviates from 90 degrees, The deviation may be corrected.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a positional relationship between the physique information calculation device 10 and the target person 30 when the side surface of the target person 30 is photographed.
  • the z-direction is a direction penetrating the paper surface from the back to the front.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 views the target person 30 from a position shifted by an angle ⁇ from the side of the target person 30 so as to rotate in the paper.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 determines the displaced angle. Is set to ⁇ and the horizontal dimension may be multiplied by 1 / cos ⁇ .
  • the horizontal dimension is corrected by the deviation, so the camera direction at the front shooting and the camera direction at the side shooting Even if it is not completely 90 degrees, it is possible to photograph accurate dimensions.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 observes the posture of the own device, determines whether the direction of the camera of the own device is deviated from the vertical direction, and corrects the deviation if it is deviated. May be.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a positional relationship between the physique information calculation device 10 and the target person 30 when the target person 30 is photographed.
  • the upward direction of the paper is the z direction.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 views the target person 30 from a position where the paper surface is rotated downward by an angle ⁇ .
  • the posture measuring unit 16 measures the posture of the device itself. If the upward direction in the posture measured by the posture measuring unit 16 is displaced from the vertical direction, the physique information calculating unit 14 multiplies the vertical dimension by 1 / cos ⁇ , with ⁇ being the displaced angle.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 When photographing the target person 30, if the posture of the physique information calculation device 10 is deviated from the vertical direction, the physique size in the vertical direction is corrected accordingly, so that the physique information calculation device 10 is completely vertical at the time of photographing. Even if it is not, accurate dimensions can be taken.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 may correct the height based on the distance between the eyes and the mouth.
  • an error may occur in the height depending on how the hair swells, and it is preferable to correct that amount. Since there is a predetermined relationship between the distance between the eyes and the mouth and the distance between the eyes and the crown, the distance between the eyes and the mouth is calculated from the distance between the eyes and the mouth, and the height of the target person 30 is calculated. In addition, the distance between the eyes and the top of the head may be used.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an image of the face portion of the target person 30 taken from the front. Since the target person 30 has his hair raised above the top of the head, it is recognized that the apparent boundary between the target person 30 and the background in the image data is above the actual position of the top of the head. Therefore, if correction is not performed, a measurement result that the height of the target person 30 is higher than the actual height is obtained. Therefore, the physique information calculation device 10 corrects the height based on the distance between the eyes and the mouth.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance L2 between the center of both eyes and the top of the head based on the distance L1 between the center of both eyes and the mouth of the target person 30, and the distance between the center of both eyes and the sole, and the center and head of both eyes What is necessary is just to let the sum total with the distance L2 of the top part be the height of the target person 30.
  • an accurate height can be calculated even if the target person 30 with raised hair is photographed as it is without pressing the hair against the top of the head.
  • the ratio between the distance L1 between the center of the eyes and the mouth and the distance L2 between the center of the eyes and the top of the head differs depending on the race. Is used.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a physique information calculation process by the physique information calculation apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter, an operation example of the physique information calculation apparatus 10 will be described.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 first prompts the operator 20 to shoot the front of the target person 30 by the screen display shown in FIG. 7 (Ste S101).
  • the operator 20 turns the physique information calculation device 10 toward the front of the target person 30 according to the screen display.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 shows the example which notifies information to the operator 20 only by image display here, this invention is not limited to this.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 may emit a sound together with the image display or instead of the image display, or may vibrate with the image display or the sound generation.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 prompts the clothes worn by the target person 30 to be in close contact with the body of the target person 30 by the screen display shown in FIG. 5 (step S102).
  • the operator 20 urges the target person 30 to make the clothes come into close contact with the body, and upon hearing that, the target person 30 makes the clothes make close contact with the body as much as possible.
  • the physique information calculating apparatus 10 prompts the arms of the target person 30 to be opened obliquely downward 45 degrees by the screen display shown in FIG. 6 (step S103).
  • the operator 20 prompts the target person 30 to open both arms at 45 degrees obliquely downward.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 captures the target person 30 from the front according to the operation by the operator 20 and acquires front image data (step S104).
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 prompts the operator 20 to move to the side surface of the target person 30 by the screen display shown in FIG. 8 (step S105). Accordingly, the operator 20 turns around the side surface of the target person 30 while pointing the camera of the physique information calculating device 10 toward the target person 30.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 notifies the operator 20 that he / she has come to the side of the target person 30 through the screen display shown in FIG. 10 (step S106). Looking at the screen display, the operator 20 stops at that location.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 again prompts the clothes worn by the target person 30 to be in close contact with the body of the target person 30 by the screen display shown in FIG. 5 (step S107).
  • the operator 20 urges the target person 30 to make the clothes come into close contact with the body, and upon hearing that, the target person 30 makes the clothes make close contact with the body as much as possible.
  • the physique information calculating apparatus 10 prompts the arms of the target person 30 to be opened at an angle of 45 degrees obliquely on the screen display shown in FIG. 6 (step S108).
  • the operator 20 prompts the target person 30 to open both arms at 45 degrees obliquely downward.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 captures the target person 30 from the side according to the operation by the operator 20 and obtains side image data (step S109).
  • the target person 30 when the target person 30 is photographed from the side, clothing is brought into close contact with the body again, both arms are opened at 45 degrees, and then photographing is performed by the photographing operation of the operator 20 to obtain image data.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 after acquiring the image data of the front surface of the target person 30, the physique information calculation device 10 continuously monitors the image data while the operator 20 wraps around the side surface of the target person 30. You may decide to acquire the image data when coming to the side.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 calculates the clothing physique dimensions of the target person 30 using the image data acquired in step S104 and the image data acquired in step S109 (step S110).
  • the dimensions calculated at this time include height, shoulder width, chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam information.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 calculates the physique dimension by correcting the clothing physique dimension calculated in step S110 based on the physique correction information, and outputs it as physique information (step S111).
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 performs from the photographing of the target person 30 to the calculation of the physique dimensions by the apparatus alone, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a physique information calculation device is connected to a server via a communication path, and the physique information calculation device and the server cooperate to calculate the physique size.
  • FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the physique information calculation system according to the second embodiment.
  • the physique information calculation system includes a physique information calculation device 10 ⁇ / b> B and a server 110.
  • the physique information calculation device 10B and the server 110 are connected to each other via a communication path 120 such as a network.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 ⁇ / b> B includes a clothing type information acquisition unit 12, a photographing processing unit 13, a physique information processing unit 17, an orientation measurement unit 15, and an attitude measurement unit 16.
  • the server 110 includes a physique correction information holding unit 111, a physique information processing unit 112, and a physique information calculation unit 113.
  • the clothing type information acquisition unit 12, the imaging processing unit 13, the azimuth measurement unit 15, and the posture measurement unit 16 in the physique information calculation device 10B are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the physique information processing unit 17 communicates with the physique information processing unit 112 of the server 110 via the communication path 120, and passes the image data to the physique information calculation unit 113 of the server 110 to execute a process of calculating the physique information.
  • the physique correction information holding unit 111 in the server 110 holds physique correction information including a correction value for correcting the difference between the clothing physique dimension and the physique dimension, similarly to the physique correction information holding unit 11 illustrated in FIG. 2. .
  • the physique correction information may be the same as that in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3, for example.
  • the physique information processing unit 112 in the server 110 communicates with the physique information processing unit 17 of the physique information calculation device 10B via the communication path 120, passes image data to the physique information calculation unit 113, and calculates physique information. Let it run.
  • the physique information calculation unit 113 in the server 110 calculates the clothing physique dimensions from the image data, and corrects the clothing physique dimensions with the correction value included in the physique correction information 50, as in the physique information calculation unit 14 shown in FIG. To calculate the physique dimensions.
  • the physique correction information holding unit 111 may update the physique correction information periodically such as every season, or may update the physique correction information appropriately according to changes in fashion trends. According to this, the correction value of the physique correction information can be maintained at an appropriate value, and a more accurate physique dimension can be calculated.
  • the physique correction information for every season may be hold
  • amendment of a physique dimension may be switched at the predetermined timing according to a season.
  • new physique correction information is created and held in advance, and the physique correction information used for correcting the physique dimensions is switched at a predetermined timing. You may decide.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 further includes a distance from the sole to the chest, a distance from the sole to the navel, an inseam, and a chest to the top of the head.
  • the function to calculate the distance to is provided.
  • the configuration of the physique information calculation device 10 according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance from the sole to the chest based on the height value, from the sole. The distance to the navel, inseam, and the distance from the chest to the top of the head are calculated.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the height of the human body, the distance from the sole to the chest, the distance from the sole to the navel, the crotch, and the distance from the chest to the top of the head.
  • the height H, the distance h1 from the sole to the chest, the distance h2 from the sole to the navel, the crotch h3, and the distance h4 from the chest to the top of the head are indicated by arrows. .
  • H1 to h4 can be calculated from H based on their proportional relationship. Since the proportional coefficient of this proportional relationship varies depending on the race, it is preferable to select and use the proportional coefficient for an appropriate race according to the geographical conditions for providing the service.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 determines the position of the sole in the image, the distance h1 from the sole to the chest, the distance h2 from the sole to the navel, and the inseam h3, The position of the umbilicus for measuring the waist circumference and the position of the base of the thigh are calculated.
  • the present embodiment it is difficult to determine from the image while wearing clothes, and it is possible to easily determine the position of the chest, the position of the navel, and the inseam.
  • the operator 20 when acquiring the front image data and the side image data, the operator 20 moves around the target person 30 while directing the physique information calculation apparatus 10 toward the target person 30, and the physique information calculation apparatus Ten photographing processing units 13 photograph the target person 30. Then, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the chest circumference and abdominal circumference (waist circumference) of the target person 30 using the front image data and the side image data.
  • the present invention is not limited to this method.
  • the operator 20 does not move, but the target person 30 rotates so that the target person 30 can be photographed from each direction, and the physique information calculation device 10 photographs from each direction. Based on the image data of the target person 30, the chest circumference, abdominal circumference, and waist circumference are calculated.
  • the basic configuration of the physique information calculation device 10 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the operator 20 holds the position and direction of the physique information calculation device 10 fixed and the target person 30 rotates.
  • the target person 30 turns 90 degrees counterclockwise from the state facing the physique information calculation device 10, that is, the physique information calculation device 10. Rotate until.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 continues to shoot continuously from the front of the target person 30 to the side of the target person 30.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 continuously acquires image data at a predetermined cycle during that time.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 calculates the dimensions of each part of the target person 30 using the acquired image data from the front to the side of the target person 30.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 may estimate the cross-sectional shape of the trunk of the target person 30 using the front image data and the side image data, and calculate the perimeter from the cross-sectional shape.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 estimates the cross-sectional shape of the body of the target person 30 using not only the front image data and the side image data but also the image data at an intermediate angle, and based on the cross-sectional shape.
  • the perimeter may be calculated.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 performs a series of processes to make the height H, the shoulder width W, the distance h1 from the sole to the chest, the distance h2 from the sole to the navel, the inseam h3, the head Assume that physique information such as the distance h4 from the top to the chest, chest circumference bc, abdominal circumference wc, waist circumference hc is calculated.
  • the circumference of the torso at the chest position is the chest circumference bc
  • the circumference of the torso at the umbilicus is the abdominal circumference wc
  • the height H is multiplied by a predetermined proportionality factor kh from the sole.
  • the circumference of the trunk at the upper position is defined as waist circumference hc.
  • the proportionality coefficient kh may be set in advance according to the race assumed for the target person 30 as an example.
  • physique information of a large number of persons may be measured, and an average value calculated based on the measurement result may be used as a proportional coefficient. Assume that the waist measurement position is below the navel and above the position at which the crotch h3 is measured.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a physique information calculation process performed by the physique information calculation apparatus 10 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 causes the imaging processing unit 13 to prompt the operator 20 to lower the arm and to stand straight with the operator 20 (step S201). For example, this may be indicated by voice guidance or screen display.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 starts photographing the target person 30 by the photographing processing unit 13 (step S202). Thereby, image data taken from the front of the target person 30 starts to be acquired.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 uses the physique information calculation unit 14 to calculate the shoulder width W of the target person 30 based on image data taken from the front of the target person 30 (step S203). What is necessary is just to extract the area
  • the physique information calculation device 10 calculates the height H by the physique information calculation unit 14.
  • the height calculation method in the present embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment, that is, the front image data is analyzed, and the predetermined relationship between the distance between the eyes and the top of the head and the distance between the eyes and the mouth is used to calculate the height H It is a method of calculating.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 uses the physique information calculation unit 14 based on the height H to determine the distance h1 from the sole to the chest, the distance h2 from the sole to the navel, the inseam h3, and the chest to the top.
  • the distance h4 is calculated.
  • the calculation method of h1 to h4 in the present embodiment is the same as that used in the first embodiment, and a predetermined proportionality coefficient is used for H by using a predetermined proportional relationship between H and each of h1 to h4. In this method, h1 to h4 are calculated by multiplication.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 determines the position of the chest of the target person 30 (step S206).
  • the position of the chest can be determined based on the position of the sole and the distance h1 from the sole to the chest.
  • the position vertically above the sole position by a distance h1 is the chest position.
  • the position of the sole can be specified as the lowest position of the region of the target person 30 extracted from the image data, for example.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 determines the position of the navel of the target person 30 by the physique information calculation unit 14 (step S207).
  • the position of the navel can be determined based on the position of the sole and the distance h2 from the sole to the navel.
  • the position above the position of the sole vertically by the distance h2 is the position of the navel.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 determines the waist circumference measurement position of the target person 30 by the physique information calculation unit 14 (step S208).
  • the waist measurement position can be determined based on the position of the sole and a value H ⁇ kh obtained by multiplying the height H by a predetermined proportional coefficient kh.
  • a waist measurement position is a position vertically above the position of the sole by a distance H ⁇ kh.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 prompts the photographer 20 to open the arm of the target person 30 at 45 degrees by the photographing processing unit 13 (step S209).
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the target person 30 opens both arms at 45 degrees.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 next, based on the image data captured by the imaging processing unit 13, The body widths b1, w1, and h1 at the waist measurement position are calculated (step S210).
  • the target person 30 When the target person 30 opens both arms at 45 degrees, it is easy to specify the arm, the base of the arm, and the trunk from the image data of the front. If the arm is opened too much, the clothes or skin on the side surface of the target person 30 may be stretched obliquely upward, and the trunk width b1 at the chest position may be calculated as a larger value than actual. Therefore, the arm angle should be adjusted to an appropriate angle. In order to obtain the body width b1 at the chest position from the front image data within a certain error range, the arm angle is preferably in the range of 30 to 60 degrees. Further, when the target person 30 and the operator 10 cooperate to adjust the arm angle, 45 degrees, which is intermediate between the horizontal and vertical directions, is an angle that is relatively easy to adjust, and is preferable. For this reason, 45 degrees is adopted in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the target person 30 opens both arms at 90 degrees.
  • the target person 30 is rotated slowly to acquire image data at each angle during rotation, so that the arm does not touch the trunk at the chest position, umbilical position, and waist measurement position at any angle during rotation.
  • the arm angle is preferably 90 degrees or more.
  • the horizontal 90 degrees is preferable because it is relatively easy to adjust.
  • the apparent width of the torso is an apparent width of the torso when the target person 30 is viewed from the physique information calculation device 10.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 causes the imaging processing unit 13 to rotate the target person 30 slowly 90 degrees around the spine, for example, on the spot with respect to the operator 10. (Step S212).
  • the physique information calculating device 10 acquires image data from each angle during the rotation of the target person by the imaging processing unit 13, and those image data by the physique information calculating unit 14. Are used to calculate the apparent widths b2 to bn of the chest position and the apparent widths w2 to wn of the umbilicus position (step S213).
  • the physique information calculation device 10 preferably urges the photographing processing unit 13 to stop the rotation of the target person 30 when the target person 30 rotates 90 degrees and image data from the side can be acquired.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 may automatically end shooting by the shooting processing unit 13.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 of the physique information calculation device 10 in the region of the target person 30 in the image data projects a part corresponding to both arms overhanging from a part corresponding to the trunk or a part corresponding to both arms. It may be determined whether or not the target person 30 has been rotated up to 90 degrees depending on whether or not the object person is hidden in a portion corresponding to the torso. In this case, in order to increase the accuracy as much as possible, it is advantageous to set the arm angle to 90 degrees so that the distance between the tips of the hands of both hands is maximized.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 calculates the circumference of the chest position of the torso, that is, the chest circumference bc, based on the body width b1 in front of the chest position and the apparent widths b2 to bn, and the body width w1 in front of the umbilical position is apparent.
  • the circumference of the trunk at the umbilicus position that is, the abdominal circumference wc is calculated based on the width w2 to w
  • the circumference of the waist circumference measurement position of the trunk is calculated based on the trunk width h1 in front of the waist measurement position and the apparent width h2 to hn. That is, the waist circumference hc is calculated (step S214).
  • the circumferential length may be calculated by calculating the cross-sectional shape of the torso at the chest position using the torso width b1 at the chest position and the apparent widths b2 to bn.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the body at the waist circumference measurement position may be calculated using the body width h1 and the apparent widths h2 to hn at the waist circumference measurement position, and the circumference thereof may be calculated.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 has been described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 14 in the first embodiment, with the calculated shoulder width W, crotch h3, chest girth bc, abdominal girth wc, and waist girth hc as clothing physique dimensions. Correct with the same method as above, and calculate the actual size.
  • the physique correction information holding unit 11 holds physique correction information including a correction value for correcting the difference between the circumference and the clothing circumference that is the circumference of a human body wearing clothes. ing.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 uses the perimeter of each position of the torso calculated up to step S214 as the clothing perimeter, and corrects it with the correction value of the physique correction information.
  • the physique information of each part of the target person 30 can be calculated with high accuracy by a series of processes.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 acquires image data obtained by capturing the target person 30 with an image having a low resolution when the image processing unit 13 acquires image data while the target person 30 is rotating.
  • the angle of the target person 30 may be determined, and when it is detected that the target person 30 has reached a predetermined angle, high-resolution image data may be acquired and recorded. According to this, it is possible to reduce processing while maintaining a high resolution of image data to be recorded.
  • the shooting processing unit 13 prompts the rotation of the target person 30 to stop rotation, ends the shooting,
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 may determine the angle of the target person 30 from the image data with low resolution, and acquire the image data with high resolution when the target person 30 faces sideways.
  • the waist circumference hc is the circumference of the torso at a position above the sole portion by a distance obtained by multiplying the height H by a predetermined proportionality coefficient.
  • the present invention is limited to this. There is no.
  • the circumference at the position where the circumference of the trunk is the longest below the navel may be the waist circumference.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 calculates the circumference length of the torso at a plurality of locations between the position of the umbilicus and the position above the crotch h3 from the sole, and calculates the longest circumference length among the plurality. It may be the waist circumference.
  • the reference object 40 is an object having a known shape and size.
  • the reference object 40 has not only a known shape and size but also a physique information calculation. It is assumed that it is a dedicated item used together with the device 10.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a reference object according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the reference object 40 of the present embodiment is entirely rectangular, and a circle 41 is drawn at the center.
  • dark-colored marks 42 are arranged at the four corners of the reference object 40.
  • the basic configuration of the physique information calculation device 10 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Similarly to the fourth embodiment, the physique information calculation device 10 according to the fifth embodiment acquires image data by rotating the target person 30 and calculates the physique information of each part.
  • the physique information calculating device 10 When photographing the target person 30, the physique information calculating device 10 is in front of the target person 30 and has the same height as the predetermined position of the target person 30 so that the distance does not change even if the target person 30 rotates. It is preferable.
  • the predetermined position is, for example, a chest position, a center, an umbilicus position, or the like.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a process of positioning the physique information calculation apparatus 10 according to the fifth embodiment at a position suitable for photographing the target person 30. This process is executed, for example, between step S201 and step S202 in FIG.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 acquires the image data of the target person 30 by the imaging processing unit 13 (step S301). Next, the physique information calculation apparatus 10 determines whether or not the reference object 40 is present in the image data by the imaging processing unit 13 (step S302). At this time, the imaging processing unit 13 searches the image data for a shape and a relative position area corresponding to the marks 42 at the four corners of the reference object 40. When the four marks 42 are found, the physique information calculation device 10 searches for the boundary between the reference object 40 and the background based on the four marks 42. By detecting the dark mark 42 and searching for the region of the reference object 40 based on the detected mark 42, the boundary can be efficiently revealed.
  • the physique information calculation apparatus 10 determines whether the circle 41 in the reference object 40 is a perfect circle by the imaging processing unit 13 (step S303). If the diameters of circles are calculated at a plurality of locations and they are equal, the circle 41 can be determined to be a perfect circle. If the circle 41 is not a perfect circle, the physique information calculation apparatus 10 returns to step S301.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 determines that the device itself is in front of the target person 30 and has an appropriate height (step S304). If the circle 41 is a perfect circle, the physique information calculation apparatus 10 proceeds to step S202 (step S305).
  • the imaging processing unit 13 of the physique information calculation apparatus 10 corrects the distorted quadrangular shape of the reference object 40 in the captured image data by applying reverse distortion, and uses it as a reference for calculating the physique information.
  • the imaging processing unit 13 of the physique information calculation apparatus 10 determines whether or not a predetermined shift or more has occurred in any two or more sizes of the xyz axes of the reference object 40 based on the relative positions of the marks 42 at the four corners. Then, it is determined whether or not the reference object 40 is twisted. If it is twisted, the image data is not used.
  • the distance between the eyes and the top of the head is determined based on the distance between the eyes and the mouth.
  • the height of the target person 30 was calculated using this.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 extracts a plurality of predetermined parts included in the face of the target person 30 from the image data, and is a distance between a predetermined position specified by the predetermined part and the sole part.
  • a first distance is calculated
  • a second distance that is a distance between the predetermined position and the top of the head is estimated based on a mutual distance between a plurality of predetermined parts
  • a total of the first distance and the second distance is calculated. May be the height of the target person 30. If the height is calculated directly from the image data, the correct height cannot be calculated if the hair is bounced or raised, but the specified part of the face, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth, is specified, and the top of the head is determined based on that position. If estimated, the height can be accurately calculated without depending on how the hair is reflected.
  • the distance between the eyes and the top of the head is determined based on the distance between both eyes. The distance is calculated, and the height of the target person 30 is calculated using the distance.
  • the basic configuration of the physique information calculation device 10 according to the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a height calculation method according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 shows an image of the face portion of the target person 30 taken from the front. Since the target person 30 has his hair raised above the top of the head, it is recognized that the apparent boundary between the target person 30 and the background in the image data is above the actual position of the top of the head. Therefore, if correction is not performed, a measurement result that the height of the target person 30 is higher than the actual height is obtained. Therefore, the physique information calculation apparatus 10 estimates the correct height based on the distance between both eyes.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance L2 between the center of both eyes and the top of the head based on the distance L1a between both eyes of the target person 30, and the distance between the center of both eyes and the bottom of the foot, and the distance L2 between the center of both eyes and the top of the head. Is the height of the target person 30.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 first extracts the area of the target person 30 from the image data, and specifies the position of both eyes in the area. Next, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates a distance L1a between both eyes, and multiplies the calculated distance L1a between both eyes by a predetermined proportional coefficient to calculate a distance L2 between the center of both eyes and the top of the head. In addition, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance (not shown) between the center of both eyes and the bottom of the foot. Finally, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the sum of the distance L2 between the center of both eyes and the top of the head and the distance between both eyes and the sole, and sets the value as the height of the target person 30.
  • an accurate height can be calculated even if the target person 30 with raised hair is photographed as it is without pressing the hair against the top of the head.
  • the ratio between the distance L1 between the center of the eyes and the mouth and the distance L2 between the center of the eyes and the top of the head differs depending on the race. Is used.
  • the height calculation method of the present embodiment can be used alone instead of the method according to the first embodiment, but can also be used in combination with the method according to the first embodiment.
  • the height may be calculated by the method of the present embodiment.
  • the distance L2 between the center of the eye and the top of the head may be calculated by the method according to the first embodiment and the method according to the present embodiment, and the height may be calculated using the average value.
  • the height calculation method according to the present embodiment may be used for verifying the height value calculated by the height calculation method according to the first embodiment. If there is a predetermined difference or more between the height calculated by the method of the present embodiment and the height calculated by the method of the first embodiment, the height is calculated again using new image data. Also good.
  • the physique information calculation device 10 uses a height calculation method different from both the first embodiment and the sixth embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, the physique information calculation device 10 estimates the correct height based on the distance between both eyes. Specifically, the physique information calculation device 10 utilizes the fact that there is a predetermined relationship between the distance between the nose and the mouth and the distance between the nose and the top of the head, the distance between the nose and the mouth, and the nose and the top of the head. The distance between the nose and the top of the head is calculated based on the distance between the nose and the mouth, and the height of the target person 30 is calculated using the distance.
  • the basic configuration of the physique information calculation device 10 according to the seventh embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining a height calculation method according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 shows an image of the face portion of the target person 30 taken from the front.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance L4 between the nose and the top of the head based on the distance L3 between the nose and mouth of the target person 30, and calculates the sum of the distance between the nose and the bottom of the head and the distance L4 between the nose and the top of the head.
  • the height of the target person 30 is assumed.
  • the physique information calculation unit 14 first extracts the area of the target person 30 from the image data, and specifies the position of the top of the nose and the position of the mouth in the area. Next, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance L3 between the top of the nose and the mouth, and calculates the distance L4 between the top of the nose and the top of the head by multiplying the calculated distance L3 between both eyes by a predetermined proportional coefficient. . In addition, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the distance (not shown) between the top of the nose and the bottom of the foot. Finally, the physique information calculation unit 14 calculates the sum of the distance between the top of the nose and the bottom of the foot and the distance between the top of the nose and the top of the head, and uses the value as the height of the target person 30.
  • an accurate height can be calculated even if the target person 30 with raised hair is photographed as it is without pressing the hair against the top of the head.
  • the ratio of the distance L3 between the top of the nose and the mouth and the distance L4 between the top of the nose and the top of the head varies depending on the race. Is used.
  • the height calculation method of the present embodiment can be used alone instead of the method according to the first embodiment or the sixth embodiment, but at least one of the first embodiment and the sixth embodiment. It can also be used in combination with the method according to.
  • the height may be calculated by the method of the present embodiment.
  • the height may be calculated by the method according to the first embodiment or the sixth embodiment and the method according to the present embodiment, respectively, and the average value may be used as the final calculated value of the height.
  • the height calculation method according to the present embodiment may be used for verifying the height value calculated by the height calculation method according to the first embodiment or the sixth embodiment. If there is a predetermined difference or more between the height calculated by the method of the present embodiment and the height calculated by the method of the first embodiment or the sixth embodiment, the height is again determined using new image data. You may decide to recalculate.
  • each unit included in the physique information calculation devices 10 and 10B and / or the server 110 may not necessarily be physically mounted on a single device, and may be divided into a plurality of devices.
  • the physique information calculation system configured with a single device in the first embodiment is referred to as a physique information calculation device
  • the physique information calculation system configured with a plurality of devices in the second embodiment is referred to as a physique information calculation system.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une configuration qui permet à un terminal d'informations portable d'acquérir des informations physiques de haute précision. Un terminal d'informations portable (10) selon un aspect comporte : une unité de traitement de photographie (13) qui acquiert des premières données d'image en invitant une personne objet (30) à faire face à l'avant et à écarter les deux bras de manière oblique vers le bas à un angle prédéfini au moyen de sortie vocale et/ou d'écran d'affichage et en photographiant la personne objet (30), et acquiert des secondes données d'image en invitant la personne objet (30) à écarter les bras horizontalement et à faire pivoter son corps avec une direction verticale comme axe et en photographiant la personne objet (30) ; et une unité (14) de calcul d'informations physique qui, sur la base des premières données d'image et des secondes données d'image, calcule le périmètre d'un torse.
PCT/JP2015/052082 2014-09-02 2015-01-26 Terminal d'informations portable, et procédé de commande et son programme de commande WO2016035350A1 (fr)

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