WO2016013265A1 - 積層型圧電素子およびこれを備えた噴射装置ならびに燃料噴射システム - Google Patents
積層型圧電素子およびこれを備えた噴射装置ならびに燃料噴射システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016013265A1 WO2016013265A1 PCT/JP2015/062086 JP2015062086W WO2016013265A1 WO 2016013265 A1 WO2016013265 A1 WO 2016013265A1 JP 2015062086 W JP2015062086 W JP 2015062086W WO 2016013265 A1 WO2016013265 A1 WO 2016013265A1
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- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric element
- solder
- bonding material
- material layer
- conductive bonding
- Prior art date
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017944 Ag—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/872—Interconnections, e.g. connection electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
- F02M55/025—Common rails
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/063—Forming interconnections, e.g. connection electrodes of multilayered piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/871—Single-layered electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, e.g. internal electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated piezoelectric element used as, for example, a piezoelectric driving element (piezoelectric actuator), a pressure sensor element, a piezoelectric circuit element, and the like, an injection device including the same, and a fuel injection system.
- a piezoelectric driving element piezoelectric actuator
- a pressure sensor element a piezoelectric sensor
- a piezoelectric circuit element a piezoelectric circuit element
- the stacked piezoelectric element includes an active portion 93 in which a piezoelectric layer 91 and an internal electrode layer 92 are stacked, and a piezoelectric element that is disposed at both ends in the stacking direction of the active portion 93 and does not include the internal electrode layer 92.
- the laminated body 90 including the inactive portion 94 made of the body layer 91, the conductive bonding material layer 96 made of the conductive layer 95 and the conductive adhesive provided on the side surface of the laminated body 90 from the active portion 93 to the inactive portion 94.
- an external electrode 97 attached to the side surface of the multilayer body 90 via a conductive bonding material layer 96 is known (see Patent Document 1).
- a crack enters from the internal electrode layer 92 between the inactive portion 94 and the active portion 93 during driving, penetrates the conductor layer 95, If the crack develops in the conductive bonding material layer 96 made of a conductive adhesive, the end of the external electrode 97 on the side connected to the external circuit may be peeled off. In this case, sparking may occur, and driving may become unstable.
- the present invention has been devised in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated piezoelectric element that can be stably driven for a long period of time, an injection device including the same, and a fuel injection system. is there.
- the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention includes a laminate in which a piezoelectric layer and an internal electrode layer are laminated, a conductor layer provided on a side surface of the laminate, and a conductive joint provided on the surface of the conductor layer.
- the end portion of the conductive bonding material layer corresponding to the end portion on the connected side is solder.
- the present invention includes a container having an injection hole and the multilayer piezoelectric element, and the fluid stored in the container is discharged from the injection hole by driving the multilayer piezoelectric element.
- the present invention also provides a common rail that stores high-pressure fuel, the above-described injection device that injects the high-pressure fuel stored in the common rail, a pressure pump that supplies the high-pressure fuel to the common rail, and a drive signal to the injection device. And an injection control unit for providing
- the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention can be driven stably for a long time.
- the laminated piezoelectric element is excellent in long-term reliability, and can be driven stably for a long period of time.
- (A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of embodiment of the laminated piezoelectric element of this invention
- (b) is a right view of the laminated piezoelectric element shown to (a).
- (A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the other example of embodiment of the lamination type piezoelectric element of this invention
- (b) is an enlarged view of the principal part shown by the broken-line area
- (A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of embodiment of the laminated piezoelectric element of this invention, (b) is a right view of the laminated piezoelectric element shown to (a).
- (A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of embodiment of the laminated piezoelectric element of this invention, (b) is a right view of the laminated piezoelectric element shown to (a).
- (A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of embodiment of the conventional laminated piezoelectric element, (b) is a right view of the laminated piezoelectric element shown to (a).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of a multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a right side view of the multilayer piezoelectric element shown in FIG.
- a laminated piezoelectric element 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a laminated body 10 in which a piezoelectric layer 11 and an internal electrode layer 12 are laminated, a conductor layer 15 provided on a side surface of the laminated body 10, and a surface of the conductor layer 15.
- the conductive bonding material layer 2 is provided, and the external electrode 3 is bonded to the conductor layer 15 via the conductive bonding material layer 2.
- the conductive bonding material layer 2 includes the solder 21, the conductive adhesive 22, and the like.
- the end portion of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end portion of the external electrode 3 connected to the external circuit is the solder 21, and the portion other than the end portion of the conductive bonding material layer 2 is conductive. It is an adhesive 22.
- a laminated body 10 constituting the laminated piezoelectric element 1 includes an active part 13 in which a plurality of piezoelectric layers 11 and internal electrode layers 12 are laminated, and both ends in the lamination direction of the laminated body 1 positioned outside the active part 13. And an inactive portion 14 made of the piezoelectric layer 11 provided.
- the laminate 10 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape having, for example, a length of 1.5 to 10 mm, a width of 1.5 to 10 mm, and a height of 1.5 to 100 mm.
- the piezoelectric layer 11 constituting the multilayer body 10 is formed of ceramics having piezoelectric characteristics.
- ceramics for example, a perovskite oxide made of lead zirconate titanate (PbZrO 3 -PbTiO 3 ), Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the piezoelectric layer 11 is, for example, 3 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the internal electrode layer 12 constituting the multilayer body 10 is formed by simultaneous firing with ceramics forming the piezoelectric body layer 11, and the internal electrode layers 12 and the piezoelectric body layers 11 are alternately laminated in the active portion 13.
- the drive voltage is applied to the piezoelectric layer 11 sandwiched between the internal electrode layers 12 by alternately arranging the positive and negative electrodes in order.
- a conductor composed mainly of silver-palladium suitable for low-temperature firing, or a conductor containing copper, platinum, or the like can be used as a material for forming the internal electrode layer 12.
- a conductor composed mainly of silver-palladium suitable for low-temperature firing or a conductor containing copper, platinum, or the like can be used. In the example shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternately led to a pair of opposing side surfaces of the multilayer body 10, and electrically connected to the pair of conductor layers 15 provided on the side surfaces of the multilayer body 10. It is connected to the.
- the internal electrode layer 12 has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, for example.
- a conductor layer 15 is provided on the side surface of the laminate 10.
- the conductor layers 15 are provided from the active portion 13 to the inactive portion 14 on the pair of opposing side surfaces of the multilayer body 10 and are electrically connected to the internal electrode layer 12.
- the conductor layer 15 is formed, for example, by baking a silver paste, and in order to strengthen the bonding with the laminated body 10, the powder constituting the laminated body 10 may be added to the silver paste as a filler.
- the thickness of the conductor layer 15 is, for example, 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and the width is, for example, 0.6 to 8.0 mm.
- the conductive layer 15 provided on the side surface of the laminated body 10 is provided with the conductive bonding material layer 2 on the surface, and the external electrode 3 is bonded via the conductive bonding material layer 2.
- the conductive bonding material layer 2 electrically connects the conductor layer 15 on the side surface of the laminate 10 and the external electrode 3.
- the active portion 13 is provided from the inactive portion 14. A specific configuration of the conductive bonding material layer 2 will be described later.
- the external electrode 3 is provided on each of a pair of opposing side surfaces of the multilayer body 10 and is electrically connected to the conductor layer 15 via the conductive bonding material layer 2 and electrically connected to the internal electrode layer 12. Yes.
- the pair of external electrodes 3 is made of a metal plate such as copper, iron, stainless steel, phosphor bronze, or the like.
- the width of the external electrode 3 is 0.5 to 6 mm, for example. Further, the thickness of the external electrode 3 is larger than that of the conductor layer 15 and the conductive bonding material layer 2, for example, 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
- the external electrode 3 is not only a plate-shaped metal plate, but also a metal plate having a slit shape in the width direction, for example, in a mesh shape, in order to obtain an effect of relieving stress caused by expansion and contraction of the laminate 10.
- a processed metal plate, a corrugated metal plate, or the like can also be employed.
- the conductive bonding material layer 2 includes the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22, and the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end of the external electrode 3 connected to the external circuit is the solder 21. It is.
- the solder 21 for example, Pb-free solder represented by Sn—Ag—Cu type is used.
- the conductive adhesive 22 constituting the conductive bonding material layer 2 is provided at a portion excluding the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit.
- the conductive adhesive 22 include an epoxy resin or a polyimide resin containing conductive particles (for example, metal particles having good conductivity such as Ag particles and Cu particles). Since the conductive adhesive 22 is provided in a portion excluding the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit, It can follow the expansion and contraction and suppress the hindrance to expansion and contraction.
- a lead 4 is joined to one end of the external electrode 3 and connected to an external circuit. Input / output power is supplied to the external electrode 3 through the lead 4. That is, the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit means one end where the lead 4 is joined.
- the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit is the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 in the longitudinal direction where the external electrode 3 is This means the end located on the side connected to the external circuit.
- the conductive bonding material layer 2 includes the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22, and the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end of the external electrode 3 connected to the external circuit.
- the solder 21 even if a crack generated from the internal electrode layer 12 at the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14 penetrates the conductive layer 15 and extends to the conductive adhesive 22 during driving. The progress is suppressed when the crack reaches the solder 21. Therefore, the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit is not peeled off, and the occurrence of spark can be suppressed, and stable driving can be performed for a long time.
- the thickness of the conductive bonding material layer 2 is, for example, 2 to 30 ⁇ m
- the width of the conductive bonding material layer 2 is, for example, 0.4 to 7 mm, and is 40 to 110% of the width of the external electrode 3.
- the length of the solder 21 (the length along the stacking direction of the laminate 10) is, for example, 0.5 to 2.5 mm, and the solder 21 is provided only in a portion corresponding to the inactive portion 14 region. However, as will be described later, the solder 21 may be provided up to the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14, and may further extend to the active portion 13. Moreover, as shown in the figure, the solder 21 may spread in the width direction along a certain region of the conductor layer 15.
- the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 may be at a position corresponding to the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14.
- stress concentrates on the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14, and cracks are likely to occur from the internal electrode layer 12 in this portion.
- the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 is located at a position corresponding to the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14, the boundary is likely to be divided, By being divided, the stress during driving is relaxed. Therefore, the relaxation of the stress suppresses the progress of cracks, and the reliability is further improved.
- the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 is in a position corresponding to the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14.
- the cross section of the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 cut along the laminating direction so as to include the boundary with the inactive portion 14 and the conductive bonding material layer 2 is seen, it is at the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14.
- the internal electrode layer 12 and at least a part of the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 are overlapped. In other words, it means that at least a part of the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 is located on the extension of the internal electrode layer 12 at the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14.
- the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 is not only parallel to the internal electrode layer 12 and perpendicular to the stacking direction, but also when the boundary is inclined or curved when viewed in the above-mentioned cross section. It is also included.
- the side facing the conductor layer 15 is shown.
- the conductive adhesive 22 is provided from the active portion 13 to the inactive portion 14 on the side facing the conductor layer 15, and the boundary is inclined or curved so as to enter under the solder 21. It may be in the shape. According to this shape, since the area occupied by the conductive adhesive 22 on the side facing the conductor layer 15 is increased, the progress is made when the crack reaches the solder 21 without hindering the expansion and contraction of the laminate 10. Can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to make it difficult to peel off the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit.
- the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 is a piezoelectric layer from the internal electrode layer 12 positioned at the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14 to the active portion 13 side and the inactive portion 14 side, respectively. It is preferable that the thickness is within the range of up to 11 layers.
- part corresponding to the boundary of the active part 13 and the inactive part 14 may be sufficient.
- the laminate 10 has an active portion 13 and an inactive portion 14, and the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 is the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14. It may be on the active portion 13 side. In this case, even if a crack generated from the internal electrode layer 12 at the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14 penetrates the conductor layer 15 during driving, the progress is suppressed when the crack reaches the solder 21. Is done.
- the presence of the void 23 at the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 includes a configuration in which the conductive adhesive 22 facing the boundary between the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 has the void 23.
- the diameter of the void 23 is, for example, 0.3 to 15 ⁇ m in the cross section of the conductive bonding material layer 2, and the void with respect to the thickness when the conductive bonding material layer 2 (conductive adhesive 22) is cut along the boundary.
- the distance occupied by 23 is, for example, 20% to 70%.
- the solder 21 may be provided not only between the side surface of the laminated body 10 and the external electrode 3 (inside the external electrode 3) but also around the outside of the external electrode 3. .
- the solder 21 may spread over a region where the conductor layer 15 is present.
- the lead 4 be joined by solder 21 to the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit.
- the solder 21 can be provided at the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 and the lead 4 can be bonded to the external electrode 3 at the same time, which can contribute to simplification of the manufacturing process and cost reduction. Further, when current flows, the solder 21 generates heat. However, since the thermal expansion of the solder 21 which is a metal compound is larger than the thermal expansion of the conductive adhesive 22 containing a resin, the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 are separated from each other. It becomes easy to be divided. By being divided, the stress at the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14 is relieved, and the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit is more difficult to peel off, and the reliability is further improved.
- a reaction layer with the solder 21 exists at the end of the conductor layer 15 corresponding to the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 made of the solder 21.
- the solder 21 is provided around the outside of the external electrode 3, it is possible to further suppress the peeling of the end of the external electrode 3 on the side connected to the external circuit.
- reaction layer can be confirmed by mapping with an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA).
- EPMA electron beam microanalyzer
- the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 are in contact with or partially in contact with each other. There may be a gap at the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 may be separated (not shown).
- the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2 corresponding to the end of the conductive bonding material layer only needs to be solder, and the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 is the active portion 13.
- the boundary between the solder 21 and the conductive adhesive 22 in the conductive bonding material layer 2 may be at a position corresponding to the active portion 13.
- a ceramic green sheet to be the piezoelectric layer 11 is produced.
- a ceramic slurry is prepared by mixing a calcined powder of piezoelectric ceramic, a binder made of an organic polymer such as acrylic or butyral, and a plasticizer. And a ceramic green sheet is produced using this ceramic slurry by using tape molding methods, such as a doctor blade method and a calender roll method.
- the piezoelectric ceramic any material having piezoelectric characteristics may be used.
- a perovskite oxide made of lead zirconate titanate (PbZrO 3 -PbTiO 3 ) can be used.
- the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), or the like can be used.
- a conductive paste to be the internal electrode layer 12 is produced. Specifically, a conductive paste is prepared by adding and mixing a binder and a plasticizer to a metal powder of a silver-palladium alloy. This conductive paste is applied on the ceramic green sheet in the pattern of the internal electrode layer 12 using a screen printing method. Further, a plurality of ceramic green sheets on which the conductive paste is printed are laminated, subjected to binder removal treatment at a predetermined temperature, fired at a temperature of 900 to 1200 ° C., and then subjected to a predetermined grinding using a surface grinder or the like.
- the active part 13 provided with the piezoelectric body layers 11 and the internal electrode layers 12 that are alternately laminated is manufactured by performing a grinding process so as to have a shape.
- the inactive portion 14 is produced by laminating ceramic green sheets not coated with a conductive paste that will become the internal electrode layer 12.
- the laminated body 10 is manufactured by combining the active part 13 and the inactive part 14.
- the laminate 10 is not limited to the one produced by the above manufacturing method, and any laminate 10 can be produced as long as the laminate 10 formed by laminating a plurality of piezoelectric layers 11 and internal electrode layers 12 can be produced. It may be produced by a manufacturing method.
- the conductor layer 15 is provided on the side surface of the multilayer body 10.
- the conductor layer 15 is applied by using screen printing, for example, a paste obtained by mixing glass powder or lead zirconate titanate powder with Ag powder.
- the applied laminate 10 is baked onto the laminate 10 at a temperature of 550 to 650 ° C.
- the external electrode 3 is bonded to the conductor layer 15 on the side surface of the multilayer body 10 through the conductive bonding material layer 2 and fixed.
- the conductive adhesive 22 constituting the conductive bonding material layer 2 an adhesive made of an epoxy resin or a polyimide resin containing a metal powder having good conductivity such as Ag powder or Cu powder is used. It is formed to a thickness of 70 ⁇ m. It can be formed by controlling to a predetermined thickness and width by screen printing or dispensing method.
- the boundary between the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 constituting the conductive bonding material layer 2 includes the boundary between the active portion 13 and the inactive portion 14 of the laminate 10 and the conductive bonding material layer 2.
- the conductive adhesive 22 may be formed into a desired end shape, and then the solder 21 may be filled in the gap.
- a method of providing the void 23 at the boundary between the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 constituting the conductive bonding material layer 2 (the conductive adhesive 22 facing the boundary between the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21).
- the following methods are mentioned.
- the conductive adhesive 22 is screen-printed, there is a method in which a pattern having a predetermined hole is provided on the screen printing plate making corresponding to the vicinity of the boundary between the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 and printed.
- the dispense method in order to provide the void 23 at the boundary between the conductive adhesive 22 and the solder 21 constituting the conductive bonding material layer 2, use a needle diameter suitable for the width to be applied, There is a method of dispensing only at a place where the void is to be applied, but not at the place where the void is to be applied.
- the conductive adhesive to be used is stirred to create bubbles in the adhesive, the time for vacuum degassing is adjusted to control the bubbles remaining in the adhesive, and then dispensed as it is.
- coating in the state containing a bubble is also mentioned.
- the solder 21 constituting the conductive bonding material layer 2 is preferably made of tin, silver, or copper.
- a method of soldering a general solder such as a wire shape, ribbon shape, paste, etc. with a soldering iron at 200 to 230 ° C. can be mentioned.
- the solder is placed on the side surface of the external electrode 3 and heated, so that the solder 21 enters the gap between the conductor layer 15 and the external electrode 3 so as to spread out and enters the end of the conductive bonding material layer 2.
- a solder 21 is provided.
- the solder 21 can also be provided around the outside of the external electrode 3 by soldering the outside of the external electrode 3. Further, the leads 4 can be joined as will be described later.
- the external electrode 3 is made of a metal flat plate such as copper, iron, stainless steel, phosphor bronze, etc., and is formed to have a width of 0.5 to 10 mm and a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, for example.
- a metal flat plate such as copper, iron, stainless steel, phosphor bronze, etc.
- punching with a punching die or laser processing, etc. This method may be used.
- the lead 4 is for electrical connection with the outside, and is preferably a copper wire or the like, and is preferably silver-plated for soldering. When covering the portion excluding the joint with the external electrode 3, it may be covered with a general material such as PTFE.
- a multilayer electric element 1 is completed by applying a DC electric field of 0.1 to 3 kV / mm to the external electrode 3 to polarize the piezoelectric layer 11 constituting the multilayer body 10.
- the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 is connected to an external power source via an external electrode 3 and a lead 4 and applies a voltage to the piezoelectric layer 11 so that each piezoelectric layer 11 is largely displaced by the inverse piezoelectric effect. be able to. This makes it possible to function as an automobile fuel injection valve that injects and supplies fuel to the engine, for example.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the injection device of the present invention.
- the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 of the above example is accommodated in a storage container (container) 23 having an injection hole 21 at one end.
- a needle valve 25 capable of opening and closing the injection hole 21 is disposed.
- a fluid passage 27 is disposed in the injection hole 21 so as to be able to communicate with the movement of the needle valve 25.
- the fluid passage 27 is connected to an external fluid supply source, and fluid is constantly supplied to the fluid passage 27 at a high pressure. Therefore, when the needle valve 25 opens the injection hole 21, the fluid supplied to the fluid passage 27 is discharged from the injection hole 21 to the outside or an adjacent container, for example, a fuel chamber (not shown) of the internal combustion engine. It is configured.
- the upper end portion of the needle valve 25 has a large inner diameter, and is a piston 31 slidable with a cylinder 29 formed in the storage container 23.
- the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 of the above-described example is stored in contact with the piston 31.
- the fluid passage 27 may be opened by applying a voltage to the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 and the fluid passage 27 may be closed by stopping the application of the voltage.
- the injection device 19 of this example includes a container 23 having an injection hole 21 and the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 of the above example, and the fluid filled in the container 23 is ejected by driving the multilayer piezoelectric element 1. You may be comprised so that it may discharge from the hole 21.
- the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 does not necessarily need to be inside the container 23, and may be configured to apply pressure for controlling the ejection of fluid to the inside of the container 23 by driving the multilayer piezoelectric element 1. Good.
- the fluid includes various liquids and gases such as conductive paste in addition to fuel, ink, and the like.
- the injection device 19 of the present example employing the multilayer piezoelectric element 1 of the above example is used for an internal combustion engine, the fuel is accurately injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine such as an engine over a longer period of time compared to the conventional injection device. Can be made.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of an embodiment of the fuel injection system of the present invention.
- the fuel injection system 35 of this example includes a common rail 37 that stores high-pressure fuel as a high-pressure fluid, and a plurality of injection devices 19 of the above-described examples that inject the high-pressure fluid stored in the common rail 37.
- a pressure pump 39 for supplying a high-pressure fluid to the common rail 37 and an injection control unit 41 for supplying a drive signal to the injection device 19 are provided.
- the injection control unit 41 controls the amount and timing of high-pressure fluid injection based on external information or an external signal. For example, if the fuel injection system 35 of this example is used for engine fuel injection, the amount and timing of fuel injection can be controlled while sensing the state of the combustion chamber of the engine with a sensor or the like.
- the pressure pump 39 serves to supply fluid fuel from the fuel tank 43 to the common rail 37 at a high pressure. For example, in the case of the fuel injection system 35 of the engine, the fluid fuel is fed into the common rail 37 at a high pressure of 1000 to 2000 atmospheres (about 101 MPa to about 203 MPa), preferably 1500 to 1700 atmospheres (about 152 MPa to about 172 MPa).
- the high-pressure fuel sent from the pressure pump 39 is stored and sent to the injection device 19 as appropriate.
- the ejection device 19 ejects a certain fluid from the ejection holes 21 to the outside or an adjacent container.
- the target for injecting and supplying fuel is an engine
- high-pressure fuel is injected from the injection hole 21 into the combustion chamber of the engine in the form of a mist.
- desired injection of high-pressure fuel can be stably performed over a long period of time.
- a multilayer piezoelectric element was produced as follows. First, a ceramic slurry was prepared by mixing a calcined powder of a piezoelectric ceramic mainly composed of lead zirconate titanate (PbZrO 3 —PbTiO 3 ) having an average particle size of 0.4 ⁇ m, a binder, and a plasticizer. Using this ceramic slurry, a ceramic green sheet serving as a piezoelectric layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was prepared by a doctor blade method.
- a ceramic slurry was prepared by mixing a calcined powder of a piezoelectric ceramic mainly composed of lead zirconate titanate (PbZrO 3 —PbTiO 3 ) having an average particle size of 0.4 ⁇ m, a binder, and a plasticizer.
- a ceramic green sheet serving as a piezoelectric layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was prepared by a doctor blade method.
- a binder was added to the silver-palladium alloy to produce a conductive paste to be an internal electrode layer.
- a conductive paste serving as an internal electrode layer was printed on one side of the ceramic green sheet by a screen printing method, and 200 ceramic green sheets printed with the conductive paste were laminated. Further, a total of 15 ceramic green sheets not printed with the conductive paste serving as the internal electrode layer were laminated on the top and bottom of the 200 ceramic green sheets printed with the conductive paste serving as the internal electrode layer. . Then, it was fired at 980 to 1100 ° C. and ground to a predetermined shape using a surface grinder to obtain a 5 mm square laminate.
- a paste containing Ag powder and a glass component was applied to the surface of the laminate by screen printing and baked at 580 to 630 ° C. to form a conductor layer having a width of 4.0 mm and a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
- a conductive bonding material in the form of a mixed paste of Ag powder and polyimide resin was applied to the surface of the laminate by dispensing, and external electrodes were connected to the surface of the laminate and fixed.
- a laminated piezoelectric element was manufactured using an external electrode made of phosphor bronze having a width of 4.0 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm.
- a conductive adhesive made of silver polyimide is applied between the side surface of the active portion and the external electrode so as to form a conductive bonding material layer.
- the conductive adhesive has a width of 3.5 mm and a thickness of 0. 0.03 mm.
- the conductive adhesive is not applied to the end of the external electrode, and the end is soldered so that the external electrode and the conductor layer are joined using solder made of tin, silver, or copper. Soldered with a soldering iron. The solder was disposed in the region of the inactive part, and the length along the stacking direction was 2.0 mm and the width was 4.0 mm.
- a void was disposed as a sample 3 at the boundary between the conductive adhesive and the solder. It was produced by applying a conductive adhesive having bubbles in the boundary between the active part and the inactive part with a dispenser.
- the diameter of the void is 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and the ratio of the void in the cross section along the boundary is about 40 to 60%.
- a laminated piezoelectric element (sample 5) shown in FIG. 9 was also produced.
- an external electrode having a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 4.0 mm was used, and the conductive adhesive was provided so that the thickness was 0.2 mm and the width was 4 mm.
- These laminated piezoelectric elements were subjected to polarization treatment by applying a 3 kV / mm DC electric field to the external electrodes for 15 minutes.
- a DC voltage of 160 V was applied to these stacked piezoelectric elements, a displacement of 30 ⁇ m was obtained in the stacking direction of the stacked body.
- the laminated piezoelectric element of Sample 5 as a comparative example peeled off the end of the external electrode after 1 ⁇ 10 4 continuous driving, and stopped driving after 1 ⁇ 10 5 times.
- the laminated piezoelectric elements of Sample 1, Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 which are embodiments of the present invention, all peel off the end of the external electrode even after continuous driving 1 ⁇ 10 7 times. It was driven without generating.
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- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
10・・・積層体
11・・・圧電体層
12・・・内部電極層
13・・・活性部
14・・・不活性部
15・・・導体層
2・・・導電性接合材層
21・・・はんだ
22・・・導電性接着剤
23・・・ボイド
3・・・外部電極
4・・・リード
Claims (10)
- 圧電体層および内部電極層が積層された積層体と、該積層体の側面に設けられた導体層と、該導体層の表面上に設けられた導電性接合材層と、該導電性接合材層を介して前記導体層に接合された外部電極とを備え、
前記導電性接合材層ははんだと導電性接着剤とを含み、前記外部電極の外部回路と接続される側の端部に対応する導電性接合材層の端部がはんだであることを特徴とする積層型圧電素子。 - 前記導電性接合材層は、当該導電性接合材層の端部以外の部位が導電性接着剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 前記積層体は活性部と不活性部とを有し、前記導電性接合材層における前記はんだと前記導電性接着剤との境界が前記活性部と前記不活性部との境界に対応する位置にあることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 前記積層型圧電素子を積層方向に沿って切断した断面で見たときに、前記導電性接着剤が前記導体層に面する側で前記活性部から前記不活性部に渡って設けられており、前記導電性接着剤と前記はんだとの境界が傾斜ないし湾曲していることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 前記導電性接合材層における前記はんだと前記導電性接着剤との境界にはボイドがあることを特徴とする請求項2乃至請求項4のうちのいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 前記積層体は活性部と不活性部とを有し、前記導電性接合材層における前記はんだと前記導電性接着剤との境界が前記活性部と前記不活性部との境界よりも前記活性部の側にあることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 前記はんだからなる前記導電性接合材層の端部に対応する前記外部電極の外部回路と接続される側の端部にリードがはんだで接合されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のうちのいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 前記はんだからなる前記導電性接合材層の端部に対応する前記導体層の端部には、前記はんだとの反応層があることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のうちのいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。
- 噴射孔を有する容器と、請求項1乃至請求項8のうちのいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子とを備え、前記容器内に蓄えられた流体が前記積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から吐出されることを特徴とする噴射装置。
- 高圧燃料を蓄えるコモンレールと、該コモンレールに蓄えられた前記高圧燃料を噴射する請求項9に記載の噴射装置と、前記コモンレールに前記高圧燃料を供給する圧力ポンプと、前記噴射装置に駆動信号を与える噴射制御ユニットとを備えたことを特徴とする燃料噴射システム。
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EP15824922.7A EP3174112B1 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2015-04-21 | Multi-layer piezoelectric element, and injection device and fuel injection system provided with the multi-layer piezoelectric element |
US15/313,745 US10247152B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2015-04-21 | Multi-layer piezoelectric element, and injection device and fuel injection system provided with the multi-layer piezoelectric element |
JP2016535816A JP6259092B2 (ja) | 2014-07-22 | 2015-04-21 | 積層型圧電素子およびこれを備えた噴射装置ならびに燃料噴射システム |
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