WO2016010361A1

WO2016010361A1 - Switched reluctance motor

Info

Publication number: WO2016010361A1
Application number: PCT/KR2015/007345
Authority: WO
Inventors: 정영춘
Original assignee: 주식회사 에스엔이노베이션
Priority date: 2014-07-16
Filing date: 2015-07-15
Publication date: 2016-01-21
Also published as: KR20160009774A; KR101644572B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an outer race rotor-type switched reluctance motor having high torque efficiency, wherein torque ripple and vibrational noise are reduced by respectively configuring a stator pole that is excited at an excitation coil and a rotor pole that faces the stator pole as poles having two-step diameters by means of steps.

Description

Switched reluctance motor

The present invention consists of a stator pole and a rotor pole facing the stator pole, which are excited by an excitation coil, each having a two-stage diameter by a step, thereby reducing torque ripple and vibration noise and improving torque efficiency. To a switched reluctance motor.

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has a simple structure that does not need brush by winding the excitation coil only on the stator and the rotor by iron core without any excitation means (excitation coil or permanent magnet). . Accordingly, switched reluctance motors are easy to manufacture, robust, relatively reliable compared to other motors, and excellent in price competitiveness, and thus are of interest in various applications.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional single phase switched reluctance motor.

As shown in Fig. 1, a typical conventional single phase switched reluctance motor is opposed to each other with a constant air gap in the basic structure of a general motor in which a rotor can be freely rotated inside a stator. The

salient poles

11 and 21 are formed on the stator 20 and the rotor 10 to have a double salient pole structure. Here, the excitation coil 22 is wound around the protrusion 12 of the stator 20.

Inductance and torque formed according to the rotation angle (rotation position) of the rotor in the single-phase switched reluctance motor configured as described above are shown in FIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. 2, the inductance for the counterclockwise rotation angle of the rotor starts to increase at the rotation angle θs at the time when the rotor salient pole 11 and the stator salient pole 21 start to face each other and the rotor starts to increase. The maximum Lmax is obtained at a time point θ1 to θ2 at which the salient poles 11 and the stator salient poles 21 are aligned, and then gradually decrease to decrease between the rotor salient poles 11 and the stator salient poles 21. It becomes the minimum (Lmin) at the rotation angle (θ3) when the mutually opposing surfaces disappear, and then the rotation angle at the rotation angle (θs) at the time when the rotor salient pole 11 and the stator salient pole 21 start to face each other. As it increases, it decreases. Here, the rotation angle when the rotor salient pole 11 and the stator salient pole 21 are correctly aligned, that is, the angle of rotation of the center of the rotor salient pole 11 and the center of the stator salient pole 21 coincides with each other. Although the inductance is maximized at, the inductance is almost uniform up to the predetermined forward and backward rotation angles θ1 and θ2 based on the rotation angles to be aligned, and thus the alignment positions are represented by the intervals θ1 to θ2. The sections θ1 to θ2 arranged in this manner are referred to as starting dead points.

Here, when a voltage is applied to the excitation coil, the positive torque Tmax is generated in the sections θs to θ1 where the inductance increases, and the negative torque (-Tmax) occurs in the sections θ2 to θ3 where the inductance decreases. That is, when the stator poles are excited, the rotor receives a reluctance torque in the direction of increasing inductance and rotates to reach a position where the stator poles and the rotor poles are aligned. When the rotor reaches the alignment position (θ1 ~ θ2), the negative torque occurs afterwards, so that the voltage applied to the excitation coil is cut off before the alignment position (θ1 ~ θ2) and the next reluctance increase period (θs ~ θ1) or before the excitation coil. The voltage is applied to make the one-way rotational torque continuous.

According to the characteristics of the inductance and torque according to the rotation angle of the rotor, an encoder for detecting the rotational position of the rotor is installed, and the energization section (θon-θoff) corresponding to the section (θs ~ θ1) where the inductance increases ) And a power supply means having a switching element for energizing or interrupting the voltage in the excitation coil 22, it is possible to construct a switched reluctance motor in which the rotor rotates in one direction by the constant torque. Here, the excitation conduction section θon-θoff for applying a voltage to the excitation coil takes into account the magnitude of the inductance L of the excitation coil 22 and the decay time of the magnetic induction current of the excitation coil 22 generated when the excitation voltage is turned off. To correspond to the position of the inductance increasing section θs to θ1 according to the control range of the rated torque.

On the other hand, if the rotor is at the starting dead point (θ1 to θ2) when starting the stopped motor, starting is not possible. Therefore, after the rotor is adjusted to the rotational angle that can be started using a separate starting means, the excitation coil is excited and started. .

In addition, the core including dolgeuk to flow through the rotor dolgeuk amount is large magnetic flux is not saturated in order to increase the space factor of the slot increasing the maximum inductance, in general, polar firing angle (β of the rotor dolgeuk (11) _r, The arc angle is designed to be larger than the polar angle β _s of the stator protrusion 21.

However, the switched reluctance motor rotates by generating a positive torque only in the inductance increase period (θs ~ θ1) and generates a negative torque after the alignment position (θ1 ~ θ2). Ripple and mechanical vibration noise are generated. That is, when looking at the current waveform shown in FIG. 2, as the voltage is initially applied to the excitation coil, a current is initially increased and then a flat-topped phase current flows. , Cogging and torque shock occurs in the section where the current is rapidly increased and the section is sharply demagnetized. As a result, the noise becomes louder and the unnecessary power loss becomes larger, resulting in lower efficiency.

This torque ripple and noise can be partially solved by a complex multiphase design, but especially in conventional single-phase switched reluctance motors, the rotor and stator bipolar structure of the rotor and stator has a discontinuous structure. Vibration and noise are greatly generated by torque change.

In order to reduce such torque ripple, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2014-0073395 proposes a design criterion of the polar angle (β _r , β _s ) for the rotor protrusion and the stator protrusion.

In addition, it is possible to solve the starting problem by forming a stepped portion at the distal end of the rotor protrusion, and according to the Patent No. 10-0677285 to improve the starting stability by forming a through hole along the axial direction in the edge of the rotor protrusion It also provides a way to reduce noise.

However, since the rotor protrusion is formed relatively larger than the polar angle of the stator protrusion, the inductance increase section (θs ~) is used because the portion formed lower by the step or the portion in which the through hole is formed approaches the stator pole. Only at the moment of entering or ending θ1), the torque fluctuation still occurs largely by only partially reducing the torque fluctuation amount.

On the other hand, the switched reluctance motor of the outer rotor method is structurally different from the inner rotor method since the salient pole excited by the excitation coil is formed on the inner stator. As disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2012-0134984, there have been studies to reduce the core loss caused by the short magnetic flux path and to improve the torque characteristics. However, no prior art literature or known art has been searched for magnetic reluctance and inductance combinations and polar angles of double stepped salient poles to reduce torque ripple and maximize torque.

Accordingly, the present inventors have filed a patent application as a Korean patent application No. 10-2013-0112470 by inventing an outer ring rotor that reduces torque ripple and maximizes torque, and in the present invention, the motor comprising the stator and the outer ring rotor for improved performance It starts.

[Preceding technical literature]

[Patent Documents]

(Patent Document 1) KR 10-0677285 A 2007.01.26.

(Patent Document 2) KR 10-2014-0073395 A 2014.06.16.

(Patent Document 3) KR 10-2012-0134984 A1 2012.12.12.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to smoothly change the inductance and minimize the protrusion of the protrusion to reduce mechanical magnetic vibration and rotational torque ripple due to discontinuous torque changes and impacts, to minimize the non-excitation section and to increase the effective torque effective angle as much as possible. It is to provide a switched reluctance motor of the outer ring rotor type.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, the inner surface of the rotor (100) forming a magnetic circuit (magnetic circuit) between the plurality of rotor poles 110 formed in the radially equidistant along the circumferential direction; It is fixed to the inside of the rotor, winding the excitation coil 214 to a plurality of stator poles 210 formed in the circumferential direction on the outer surface to form a magnetic path between each other, at least a pair of stator poles 210 is air gap Stators 200 aligned at the same time one by one on different rotor poles 110 with the gaps therebetween; A rotation position sensor 300 for detecting a rotation position of the rotor 100; In the switched reluctance motor comprising a; and a controller 400 for applying a voltage to the excitation coil 214 in the excitation conduction period (θon-θoff) preset to correspond to the inductance increase interval to generate a positive torque,

The rotor poles 110 and the stator poles 210 are divided into

convex poles

111 and 211 and

concave poles

112 and 211 having different heights, respectively, having

steps

113 and 213 formed therebetween, and aligned with each other. When the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator concave pole 212 face each other, the rotor concave pole 112 and the stator convex pole 211 face each other, and the controller 400 includes the rotor convex pole ( The excitation conduction section is set to correspond to an inductance increase section formed between the stator convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211, and a voltage is applied to the excitation coil 214 in the set excitation conduction section θon-θoff.

The rotor 100 includes a pitch hole 120 having a groove shape at a boundary between the rotor poles 110 so that the plurality of rotor poles 110 are formed by being separated by the pitch hole 120. It features.

When the stator convex pole 211 begins to face the rotor convex pole 111 of any one of the rotor poles 110 and the area of the facing surface increases, the stator concave pole 212 becomes a pitch hole ( The area of the surface facing the rotor convex pole 111 of the other rotor pole 110 adjacent to the boundary 120 is reduced.

Steps

113 and 213 of the rotor pole 110 and the stator pole 210 are characterized by being inclined downward from the

convex poles

111 and 211 toward the

concave poles

112 and 211, respectively.

Steps

113 and 213 of the rotor pole 110 and the stator pole 210 are formed in the center of the rotor pole 110 and the stator pole 210, respectively.

The circumferential width of the inlet of the pitch hole 120 is the same as the transverse width of the step 213 of the stator pole 210.

Steps

113 and 213 of the rotor pole 110 and the stator pole 210 are 1 to 5 times larger than the gap G1 when the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211 are aligned. It is done.

The inclination angle of the

steps

113 and 213 is characterized in that 30 ~ 60 °.

The stator poles 210 provided in pairs are simultaneously aligned with different rotor poles 110, and the controller 400 simultaneously excites each stator pole 210 excitation coil 214, thereby providing a single phase switched release. It is characterized by operating as a traction motor.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the rotor poles 110 of the rotor 100 is 2n + 2, n is a natural number, the stator 200 is aligned to the rotor poles 110 at the same time Steps of two rotor poles 110 having 2n stator poles 210 and not aligned with the stator poles 210 when the stator poles 210 are aligned with the rotor poles 110. 113 and two moving poles 220 facing one by one and the starting pole exciting coil 221 is wound. The controller 400 has a rotor in the energizing section (θon-θoff) when the motor is started. If so, the motor is applied to the stator pole excitation coil in accordance with the excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) detected by the rotation position sensor 300, and the rotor is started when the motor is started. Start of the PWM waveform output by the microprocessor when not in the start or when the start attempt fails. Female rotor during repeated operation and the operation of the stator pole woman to woman, depending on the group donggeuk call is characterized in that the retry the start-up period at the time be in conduction (θon-θoff).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotor 100 is provided with a permanent magnet 130 that is mounted to each of the two rotor concave poles 112 of the plurality of rotor concave poles when k is a natural number. However, the permanent magnet 130 is mounted to the rotor concave pole 112 to be biased in the pitch hole 120, k permanent magnets 130 and the remaining k permanent magnets 130 to the inside with different polarities It is characterized in that it is mounted facing.

The permanent magnet 130 is characterized in that it is mounted in close contact with the circumferential side of the rotor convex pole 111 across the inlet of the pitch hole (120).

The permanent magnet 130 is formed in an arc shape having a polar angle (β _m ) of 1/5 times to 2/3 times the polar angle (β _rc ) of the rotor concave pole 112 to concave the outer surface of the rotor. It is characterized in that it is mounted in close contact with the pole 112 and to maintain the void (G1).

The controller 400 applies a voltage to the stator pole exciting coil according to the energizing section θon-θoff sensed by the rotation position sensor 300 when the rotor is in the energizing section θon-θoff when the motor is started. If the rotor is not in the energizing section (θon-θoff) when the motor is started and the motor is started, it repeats the operation of exciting the starting pole according to the starting signal of the PWM waveform output from the microprocessor. It is characterized in that it starts when the self is in the excitation energization section (θon-θoff).

The present invention constituted as described above comprises a stator pole and a rotor pole facing the stator pole, which are excited by the excitation coil, each having a two-stage diameter by a step, and the convex pole of the stator pole and the convex pole of the rotor pole. The increase in inductance formed between the poles with a positive slope not only excites the stator poles corresponding to the intervals, but also smoothes the inductance due to the magnetic reluctance damping effect through the gap between the stator concave pole and the rotor convex pole. Torque torque by reducing torque ripple, minimizing protrusion of rotor protrusions to reduce vibration width, allowing concave poles to absorb the mechanical vibration of protrusions as much as possible, and generating reluctance torque with poles that maximize magnetic polar angle. To reduce the overall switching inductance when rotating the rotor through the excitation of the stator excitation coil. It can improve the efficiency over.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating a time chart showing variation of inductance, current, and torque in accordance with a rotor rotation angle of a conventional single-phase switched reluctance motor. FIG.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a part in which a stator and a rotor are coupled in a switched reluctance motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

4 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the stator and the rotor.

5 is a configuration diagram of a switched reluctance motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in a top view to show the installation position of the rotation position sensor 300;

6 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the poles according to the rotation angle variation of the rotor.

7 is a graph of inductance and torque according to the rotation angle of the rotor.

8 is a circuit diagram of the controller 400.

9 is a flowchart illustrating a start method by the control of the controller 400.

10 is a cross-sectional view of a coupling between a stator and a rotor in a switched reluctance motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

11 is a cross sectional view of a combination of a stator and a rotor in a switched reluctance motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a cross-sectional view of the stator and the rotor separated in the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a top view showing an arrangement state between a stator convex pole and a permanent magnet according to a rotor position and an arrangement state between the rotation position sensor 300 and the reflector 310 in the third embodiment of the present invention.

14 is a graph showing the current waveform of the excitation coil in the switched reluctance motor according to the present invention.

Prior to describing embodiments of the present invention, terms are defined.

Alignment is a state in which the centers of the faces of the rotor and the stator's poles (even convex or concave poles) coincide with each other to maximize the area of the opposite face. The state where the center of the rotor pole is located in θ1 to θ2) is set to be aligned. The range of rotation angles in the aligned state is referred to as alignment rotation angles θ1 to θ2.

Unaligned is the state where the poles of the rotor and stator (even convex or concave) do not coincide with each other, the pole center of the stator faces the center of the boundary between the rotor poles, and the misalignment between the convex poles. The state means a state in which the convex pole center of the rotor faces the concave pole center of the stator.

The inductance increasing period θs to θ1 is a rotation angle section of the rotor from the time when the stator convex pole and the rotor convex pole start to face each other and are aligned, and the inductance slope is positive ( Appears as a +) interval. Therefore, in this section, the magnetic resistance between the stator convex pole and the rotor convex pole gradually decreases as the rotor rotates, and when the stator pole is excited with the excitation coil, the inductance gradually increases to generate static torque. Similarly, the magnetoresistance between the stator convex and the rotor concave, the magnetoresistance between the stator and the rotor convex, and the magnetoresistance between the stator and the rotor concave, respectively, decrease as they go from alignment to alignment. .

The inductance reduction section θ2 to θ3 is a rotation angle section in which the inductance decreases when the rotor rotation angle is changed after the alignment rotation angle θ1 to θ2. Negative torque in the direction of rotation is generated. In order to drive the rotation of the rotor, the voltage is not applied to the excitation coil in the inductance reduction section like the alignment rotation angle.

The inductance increase start point θs is a rotation angle at which the inductance increase periods θs to θ1 start, and is a time point at which the stator convex pole and the rotor convex pole start to face each other.

The inductance increase end point θ1 is a rotation angle at which the inductance increase periods θs to θ1 end, and corresponds to a position immediately before alignment.

The turn-on rotation angle θon is a rotation angle starting to supply electricity to the excitation coil, but may be adjusted to the inductance increase starting point θs but is generally set to be ahead of the inductance increase starting point θs to maximize the effective torque angle. . Therefore, in general, when the current flowing through the excitation coil at a predetermined voltage is sufficiently increased, the current does not increase any more in the inductance increase period and a flat-topped phase current flows to be balanced. However, the turn-on rotation angle θon is set in a range such that the initial current does not excessively increase even if it is set before the inductance increase start point θ s or the rotor protrusion is not affected by the reverse reluctance torque of the previous stator protrusion. . If the turn-on rotation angle θon is behind the inductance increase section, the torque can be reduced and the speed can be controlled.

The turn-off rotation angle [theta] off is a time point at which electricity supplied to the excitation coil is cut off in accordance with the inductance increase end point [theta] 1. In general, the turn-off rotation angle [theta] off is set before the inductance increase end point [theta] 1. This turn-off rotation angle is generally determined by the rotor position detection encoder in order to cause the magnetic induction electricity accumulated in the excitation coil to be dissipated at least before the end of the alignment rotation angles θ1 to θ2 so that the reverse torque is not affected. Otherwise, it is set programmatically.

The excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) is a rotation angle range for supplying electricity by applying a voltage to the excitation coil, and may be the same as the inductance increasing section θs to θ1, but as described above, in general, A flat-topped phase current is allowed to flow and it is slightly different from the inductance increase period (θs ~ θ1) in consideration of the demagnetization characteristics of the excitation coil. In other words, the actual excitation energization section may be defined as a section that is set in advance or programmatically to correspond to the inductance increase section to generate the positive torque.

The magnetic flux path is a closed circuit in which the magnetic flux flux circulates between the stator and the rotor with a gap between them. In the present invention, the magnetic flux path is also used as a term for a part of a closed path. For example, it will be explained that magnetic flux paths between different stator poles formed by iron cores and magnetic flux paths between different rotor poles constitute a circumferential path that is connected to each other by voids. There is also a magnetic flux path through which leakage magnetic flux passes, but it refers to a path through which most magnetic flux fluxes pass.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described to be easily carried out by those of ordinary skill in the art.

3 to 9 are diagrams for explaining a switched reluctance motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion where the stator 200 and the rotor 100 are coupled, FIG. 4 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the stator 200 and the rotor 100, and FIG. 5 is switched according to an embodiment of the present invention. As a configuration diagram of the reluctance motor, the top view is shown to show the installation position of the rotation position sensor 300.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the poles according to the rotation angle variation of the rotor 100, Figure 7 is a graph of the inductance according to the rotation angle variation of the rotor.

First, referring to FIG. 5, a switched reluctance motor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a rotor 100, a stator 200, a rotation position sensor 300, and a controller 400. It consists of a single-phase switched reluctance motor with outer ring type, one-phase electric power and having an outer rotor type.

The rotor 100 is configured in a ring shape with an empty inside, and is capable of rotating about a linear axis of rotation passing through the center 230 of the stator 200, and based on the center of the stator 200. It has an inner surface for drawing a circle. In addition, a plurality of rotor poles 110 are disposed on the inner surface of the rotor 100 at equal radial angles along the circumferential direction, and pitch holes 120 having grooves are formed at the boundary between the rotor poles 110. ), The plurality of rotor poles 110 can be divided by the pitch holes 120.

Here, the rotor 100 may be composed of a ferromagnetic material assembled by stacking at least one or more electrical steel sheets, like a rotor of a general motor, for example, consisting of pure iron or silicon steel sheet or pure iron or silicon steel sheet It can consist of an alloy. Accordingly, the magnetic flux passage between the rotor poles 110 is formed by bypassing the pitch hole 120 to the outside. Of course, there is also a magnetic flux path passing through the pitch hole 120 between the rotor poles 110 adjacent to each other with the pitch hole 120 as a boundary, but the air layer by the pitch hole 120 has a relatively high magnetic resistance. As such, it can be seen that the magnetic flux passage is formed through a body made of ferromagnetic material.

According to the present invention, each rotor pole 110 is divided into a rotor convex pole 111 and a rotor concave pole 112 having different heights by forming a step 113 on an inner surface thereof. That is, the rotor convex pole 111 and the rotor concave pole 112 are formed on concentric circles with different radii relative to the stator center 230, so that the inner surface of the rotor 100 is convex along the circumferential direction. The poles 111 and the rotor concave poles 112 are alternately arranged.

At this time, the pitch hole 120 formed between the adjacent rotor poles 110 forms a boundary between the rotor concave pole 112 of one rotor pole and the rotor convex pole of the other rotor pole. When the rotor 100 rotates, the inductance fluctuation with the stator convex pole 211 to be described later becomes apparent in the pitch hole 120. That is, the inductance fluctuation is made larger than when the pitch hole 120 is not provided, thereby increasing the reluctance torque.

In the embodiment of the present invention, since the rotor 100 has a four-pole structure, four rotor poles 110 are disposed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and four pitch holes 120 are also formed at equal intervals. The arc angle β _r of the rotor pole 110 is slightly smaller than 2π / 4 by the circumferential width D1 of the inlet of the pitch hole 120. In addition, the step 113 is formed at the center of the inner surface of the rotor pole 110, thereby dividing the rotor pole 110 into the rotor convex pole 111 and the rotor concave pole 112.

On the other hand, referring to Figure 7 (c) below, since the inductance increase interval is intermittently appeared by the motor of the single-phase structure, the constant torque section is also intermittently generated between the non-excited conduction section torque Should not occur. Thus, the rotor 100 may be equipped with a flywheel (flywhee) for reducing the load torque ripple by increasing the rotational inertia or increase the weight for increasing the inertia of the outer ring rotor itself.

The stator 200 is fixedly installed in the rotor 100 and has a plurality of stator poles 210 disposed along the circumferential direction on an outer surface facing the inner surface of the rotor 100. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the stator pole 210 is formed to protrude radially from the center of the rotor 100 on the rotation axis line as a reference point, between the inner surface and the air gap of the rotor 100. The outer surface facing to the center draws an arc with respect to the center.

The stator 200 is a component that is fixedly installed so as not to rotate. Since the magnetic core of the stator has a magnetic flux passage and a volume such that the magnetic core does not saturate at the energetic output, the hole 230 is formed on the center corresponding to the volume more than necessary. It forms and fixed so that it may not rotate using this hole 230. FIG.

In addition, the stator poles 210 are excited by the excitation coil 214 is wound to supply electricity to the excitation coil 214, it becomes magnetic, it is arranged in pairs stator poles 210 belonging to the same pair each other The other rotor poles 110 are aligned at the same time one by one. Accordingly, at least one pair of stator poles 210 is provided in the stator 200, and only one pair of stator poles 210 is provided in the motor shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. At this time, since the stator pole 210 has a symmetrical structure with respect to the center 230, a rotation angle difference of 180 ° occurs between the stator poles 210.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the stator includes

poles

210 and 220 arranged at equal radial angles (equal intervals in the circumferential direction) as many as the number of the rotor poles 110, but the center point is located along the rotation axis of the rotor. A pair of poles symmetrical with reference to 230 is used as the starting pole 220 wound around the moving pole excitation coil 221, and the remaining pole is used as the stator pole 210 described above. Therefore, if n is a natural number and the number of stator poles 210 is 2n, the number of rotor poles 110 becomes 2n + 2. 3 to 5, n = 1, the number of stator poles 210 is 2x1 = 2, and the number of rotor poles 110 is 2x1 + 2 = 4.

The stator 200 has a conventional motor core material and a laminated structure like the rotor 100 to form a magnetic flux path between the stator poles 210 and a magnetic flux path between the moving poles 220.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, since it consists of a single-phase switched reluctance motor, all stator poles 210 arranged in pairs are simultaneously misaligned even when they are simultaneously aligned and unaligned with the rotor poles 110. In addition, the voltage is applied at the same time when the voltage is applied to the excitation coil 214 wound on each stator pole (210).

Here, the moving poles 220 provided in pairs are steps of two rotor poles 110 that are left unaligned with the stator poles 210 when the stator poles 210 are aligned with the rotor poles 110. Face one-on-one with (113) one by one.

Like the rotor pole 110, the stator pole 210 is divided into a stator convex pole 211 and a stator concave pole 212 having different heights, and the step 213 is a stator pole ( It is formed in the middle of the 210 is divided into a stator convex pole 211 and a stator concave pole (212). At this time, the step 213 of the stator pole 210 has the same direction as the rotor pole 110 step 113 when the stator pole 110 is aligned with the rotor pole 110. Thus, the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator concave pole 212 face each other with the gap between them, and the rotor concave pole 112 and the stator convex pole 211 face each other.

According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the polar angle β _s of the stator pole 210 is the same as the polar angle β _{r of the} rotor pole 110, but the Slightly larger than the polar angle β _r , a portion of the rotor convex 111 faces or at least closes to the stator convex pole 211 when aligning the rotor pole 110 to the stator pole 210. In this case, even in an aligned state, the stator poles 210 can be excited to start a motor.

The movable pole 220 has a polar angle smaller than the polar angle β _s of the stator pole 210 without forming a step, and when the stator pole 210 is aligned with the rotor pole 110, It has a polar angle that can face a portion of the rotor convex pole 111 and a portion of the rotor concave pole 112 that follow the step 113 of the opposite rotor pole 110. The starting pole 220 formed as described above generates a reluctance torque to be aligned with the rotor convex pole 111 when excited by the starting pole exciting coil 221.

Steps

113 and 213 formed in the rotor pole 110 and the stator pole 210 and the pitch holes 120 formed in the rotor pole 110 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4. .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the height H of the step 113 of the rotor pole 110 and the height h of the step 213 of the stator pole 210 are the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole. It was set to 1 to 5 times the air gap when (211) was aligned. This is due to the influence of the stator concave pole 212 and the two-stage structure facing the stator pole 210 when the electricity is supplied to the excitation coil 214 of the stator pole 210 like the stator convex pole 211. This is to reduce the torque ripple while generating sufficient torque reflecting the influence of the rotor pole (110). This will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

Here, the height H of the step 113 of the rotor pole 110 and the height h of the step 213 of the stator pole 210 may have different values, but may have the same value. have.

In addition, the step 113 of the rotor pole 110 is formed to be inclined downward from the rotor convex pole 111 toward the rotor concave pole 112, and the step 213 of the stator pole 210 is also stator convex pole. It is formed inclined downward toward the stator concave pole 212 at (211). In the Example of this invention, the downward inclination-angle R at this time was 30 degrees-60 degrees. When the downward inclination angle R is smaller than 30 °, the circumferential widths D and d of the

steps

113 and 213 become too large to reduce the areas of the

convex poles

111 and 211 and the

concave poles

112 and 113, When the downward inclination angle R is larger than 60 °, the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111 may not only cause reverse torque at the turn-on rotation angle θs but also increase windage loss. Is preferred.

The inclination angle R of the step 113 of the rotor pole 110 and the inclination angle r of the step 213 of the stator pole 210 are the same, so that the stator pole 210 of the stator pole 210 is the same. It is good to make parallel between the steps (113, 213) when aligning.

The circumferential width D1 of the inlet of the pitch hole 120 is relatively small compared to the rotor convex pole 111 and the rotor concave pole 112. Accordingly, when the stator convex pole 211 begins to face the rotor convex pole 111 of any one rotor pole 110, the stator concave pole 212 is adjacent to the pitch hole 120 bordering. It is switched to an unaligned state in a state aligned with the rotor convex pole 111 of the other rotor pole (110).

As a result, when the area of the face facing the stator convex pole 211 to align with the rotor convex pole 111 of any one of the rotor poles 110 increases, the stator concave pole 212 becomes a pitch hole. The area of the surface facing the rotor convex pole 111 of the other rotor pole 110 adjacent to 120 is reduced.

Then, when the stator convex pole 211 is aligned with the rotor convex pole 111 of any one rotor pole 110, the step 213 of the stator pole 210 faces the pitch hole 120. The stator concave pole 212 is aligned with the rotor concave pole 112 of the other rotor pole 110 adjacent to the pitch hole 120.

Preferably, the circumferential width D1 of the inlet of the pitch hole 120 is the circumferential width D of the step 113 of the rotor pole 110, and the step of the rotor pole 110 ( The circumferential width D of 113 is also set to the circumferential width d of the step 213 of the stator pole 210.

By configuring the rotor 100 and the stator 200 in this manner, the stator convex pole 211 and the stator concave pole 212 are simultaneously excited by the excitation coil. Accordingly, while the magnetoresistance between the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111 gradually decreases, the magnetoresistance through the stator concave pole 212 gradually increases, so that the variation in the magnetic resistance decreases. As a result, torque ripple can be reduced.

It demonstrates in detail with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG.

FIG. 6A illustrates a state in which the rotor 100 is at a turn-on rotation angle θs. That is, it is a state at which the rotor convex pole 111 starts to face the stator convex pole 211.

Figure 6 (b) is a state of widening the area of the facing surfaces between the rotating rotor from the start point increase inductance (θs) rotor convex pole 111 and the stator projection poles 211. That is, it is in the inductance increase period (theta) s-(theta) 1.

6C shows a state in which the rotor convex pole 111 is aligned with the stator convex pole 211 by further rotating the rotor. That is, this is a state when the rotor is placed at the alignment rotation angles θ1 to θ2.

FIG. 6 (d) illustrates a point in which the rotor is rotated in the state where the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211 are aligned to be switched to an unaligned state. That is, it is in the state in which the inductance reduction periods θ2 to θ3 are present.

6 shows the first gap G1 when the stator convex pole 211 faces the rotor convex pole 111, and when the stator convex pole 211 faces the rotor concave pole 111. The third void G3 and the stator recess 212 when the second void G2 and the stator recess 212 face the rotor convex 111 may face the rotor recess 112. The fourth void G4 of the poem is also shown.

As the rotor is rotated in the counterclockwise direction, the inductance waveform formed between the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111 is shown at the inductance increase starting point θ s as shown in FIG. Starting with an inclination of positive (+) during the inductance increasing period θs-θ1, stagnating to the maximum point L11 at the alignment rotation angle θ1-θ2, and then being negative during the transition to the unaligned state. It decreases with the slope of-) and reaches the lowest point (L12) in the unaligned state. In addition, while the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111 are in an unaligned state, the lowest point L12 is maintained until the inductance increase start point θ s, and then the same waveform is periodically repeated. The repetition period is 90 ° because the rotor is a 4-pole structure.

Here, in the inductance formed between the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111, the maximum point L11 depends on the size of the first gap G1, and the lowest point L12 is the second gap ( Depends on the size of G2). That is, the amplitude of the inductance waveform represented by the difference between the maximum point and the lowest point is determined by the height H of the step 113 of the rotor pole 110. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rotor pole 110 Since the height H of the step 113 is 1 to 5 times the first gap G1, the amplitude is relatively small compared with the prior art.

In addition, according to the present invention, there is a stator concave pole 212 having the rotor pole 110 having a cross section having a two-stage diameter and simultaneously excited with the stator convex pole 211.

Referring back to FIG. 6, the area of the facing surface between the stator concave pole 212 and the rotor convex pole 111 increases as the facing surface between the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211 increases. When the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211 are aligned with each other, the lowest point L22 is reduced, and the facing surface between the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211 decreases. It increases as it becomes, and becomes the maximum point L21 when the rotor convex pole 111 and the stator convex pole 211 are disaligned.

Here, in the inductance waveform by the stator concave pole 212, the maximum point L21 is influenced by the third gap G3 when the stator concave pole 212 is aligned with the rotor convex pole 111. , The lowest point L22 is influenced by the fourth void G4 when the stator recess 212 is aligned with the rotor recess 111. At this time, the third void G3 is larger than the first void G1 by the height h of the step 213 of the stator pole 210, and the fourth void G4 is also larger than the second void G1. It is as large as the height h of the step 213 of 210.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7B, the inductance waveform of the stator concave pole 212 is 180 ° out of phase with the inductance waveform of the stator convex pole 211 (electrical angle because it is a four-pole structure). 45 ° phase difference), and the maximum point L21 and the lowest point L22 are relatively smaller than the maximum point L11 and the lowest point L12 of the inductance by the stator convex pole 211, respectively.

As a result, the inductance waveform formed between the stator pole 210 and the rotor pole 110 is characterized by the inductance caused by the stator convex pole 211 shown in FIG. 7 (a) and the stator concave pole shown in FIG. 7 (b). It appears as shown in Fig. 7 (c) by the synthesis of inductance by 212).

That is, in contrast to the synthesized inductance waveform before reflecting the inductance caused by the stator concave pole 212, since the stator concave pole 212 interacts with the rotor convex pole 111 to act as a damping (damping), The maximum point Lmax decreases slightly, and the minimum point Lmin increases relatively larger than the decrease of the maximum point Lmax. On the other hand, the motor according to the present invention has a higher torque effective area ratio compared to the non-excited energizing section as shown in Fig. 7 (d) has better torque performance than the conventional single-phase switched reluctance motor (Fig. 2), mechanically stable, ripple This gives less torque.

In addition, the switched reluctance motor according to the present invention relieves the instantaneous inrush current (Rush current) when the stator pole 210 is excited by the exciting coil 214 at the turn-on rotation angle (θs), and switching during driving of the motor. In addition to improving efficiency by reducing inductance losses, it also reduces torque ripple and noise by reducing magnetic reluctance torque shock. That is, the electric and magneto-mechanical shocks are alleviated when the vehicle enters the positive torque.

The stator and the rotor, which are configured and coupled as described above, rotate the rotor by the rotation position sensor 300 and the controller 400.

The rotation position sensor 300 detects the rotation position of the rotor 100.

The rotational position of the rotor 100 to sense here is the excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) Turn-on rotation angle? On and turn-off rotation angle? Off. Generally, the turn-on rotation angle θon is set before the inductance increase starting point θs so that the current sufficiently increases when the voltage is applied to the excitation coil and then enters the inductance increase section, but excessive inrush current occurs or reverse torque is generated. The turn-off rotation angle θoff is set within the inductance increase period θ s to θ 1 so that the magnetic induction power of the excitation coil is reversed after the voltage application is turned off. (θ2) to be sufficiently destroyed before.

The rotation position sensor 300 may employ various methods mentioned in the prior art, and in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the rotation position sensor 300 may be configured as an optical sensor having a light emitting part and a light receiving part. It was installed on the top of the convex pole 211, and a reflecting plate 310 for reflecting the light of the light emitting unit to be detected by the light receiving unit was installed on the top of the rotor convex pole 111.

Here, in the case of configuring a single-phase switched reluctance motor as in the present invention, the rotation position sensor 300 may be installed on any one of the plurality of stator convex poles 211, and the reflector 310 is provided on the rotor 100. One should be installed in every rotor convex pole 111.

Then, the direction of rotation of the rotor is determined, and when the rotor is rotated in the determined rotation direction, the reflector plate 310 is set in accordance with a preset energizing period θon-θoff corresponding to the inductance increase period θs to θ1. Install it. Accordingly, the rotation position sensor 300 generates the first signal at the turn-on rotation angle θon and generates the second signal at the turn-off rotation angle θoff.

For example, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the rotation position sensor 300 is installed at the stator convex pole 211, and is installed at the end of the portion that starts to face the rotor convex pole 111. In addition, the reflector plate 310 is elongated in an arc shape having a rotation angle range of the excitation conduction section θon-θoff, and is installed at the rotor convex pole 111 so as to correspond to the excitation conduction section θon-θoff. . In the drawing, the excitation conduction period θon-θoff is the same as the inductance increase period θs to θ1. However, as described above, when the turn-on rotation angle θon is earlier than the inductance increase starting point θs, the reflector plate ( 310 is slightly biased towards pitch hole 120.

The rotation position sensor 300 installed as described above is configured to generate a 'Low' signal when detecting light reflected by the reflector, and to generate a 'High' signal when no light is detected. Accordingly, the first signal is generated to switch from 'High' to 'Low' at the time of entering the excitation energization section θon-θoff, and at the time of exiting the excitation energization section θon-θoff, Generates a second signal to switch to the high ', and transmits it to the controller (400).

The controller 400 detects the excitation conduction section θon-θoff set in advance to correspond to the inductance increase period θs θ1 as the first signal and the second signal of the rotation position sensor 300, and energizes the excitation. The driving voltage of the pulse waveform which supplies electricity to the excitation coil 214 only in the interval θon-θoff is applied to the excitation coil 214. Accordingly, the rotor rotates in one direction with the rotational force by the reluctance torque.

In addition, when the controller 400 is in a position where the rotational position of the rotor cannot be rotated when the rotor 400 is to be driven to rotate in a state where the rotation is stopped, the controller 400 sets the starting voltage of the pulse waveform to the starting pole excitation coil 221. Or the stator pole excitation coil 214, the above driving voltage is applied to the excitation coil 214 when it becomes a position where rotational drive is possible.

8 is a circuit diagram of the controller 400.

The controller 400 is connected to a capacitor (C) and a capacitor (C) connected to the capacitor (C) to receive and charge the DC electricity from the outside through the stator through the switching elements (Q1, Q2) Asymmetric converter 440, which is supplied to the pole excitation coil 214, is connected in parallel with the capacitor C to supply electricity stored in the capacitor C to the starting pole excitation coil 221 through the switching element Q3. The first gate driving circuit 420 and the microprocessor 410 which turn on the switching elements Q1 and Q2 of the asymmetric converter 440 according to the single switching circuit 450 and the excitation signal of the microprocessor 410. The resistor R0 is connected between the second gate driving circuit 430 for turning on the switching element Q3 of the single switching circuit 450 and the negative terminal of the capacitor C and the ground according to the start signal of the single switching circuit 450. And converts and amplifies the voltage across the resistor R0 into a current value and inputs the result to the microprocessor 410. The control circuit 460 performs the start control operation and the drive control operation according to the rotational position of the rotor detected by the rotation position sensor 300, and ideally controls the motor according to the current value detected by the current detection circuit 460. And a microprocessor 410 for performing a protection control operation.

The microprocessor 410 transmits a drive signal or a start signal for applying a voltage to the stator pole excitation coil to the first gate driving circuit 420 when performing the start control operation and the drive control operation. A start signal for applying a voltage to the coil is output and transmitted to the second gate driving circuit 430.

Here, the drive signal is a pulse waveform signal that applies a voltage to the stator pole exciting coil in accordance with the excitation conduction section θon-θoff to rotate the motor at a rated speed. The start signal is a pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform which has a very short period compared to the pulse waveform of the drive signal and has a predetermined length, and is applied to the stator pole exciting coil or the starting pole exciting coil when starting the motor. do.

On the other hand, the microprocessor 410 may enable the rotor at a speed specified by the user, for this purpose, the microprocessor 410 excites a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal corresponding to the specified speed It can be applied to the energization section (θon-θoff).

Since the drive signal and the start signal output from the microprocessor 410 are weak, the drive signal or start signal for applying a voltage to the stator pole excitation coil 214 is asymmetrical by amplifying the first gate drive circuit 420. A single switching circuit 450 is applied to the gates of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 of the converter 440 and amplified by the second driving circuit 420 to a start signal to be applied to the starting pole exciting coil 221. Is applied to the gate of the switching element Q3.

The asymmetric converter 440 is connected to both ends of the stator pole excitation coil 214 switching elements (Q1, Q2) to connect the stator pole excitation coil 214 in parallel to the capacitor (C) by turning on (turn on) And a reflux diode D1 which demagnetizes the electric energy accumulated in the stator pole excitation coil 214 at the turn-off of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 to the capacitor C. D2) is included, for example, since the technology disclosed by the Patent No. 10-0991923, detailed description thereof will be omitted. Here, the switching elements Q1 and Q2 are configured as a power electronic device that performs a high-speed switching operation according to a driving signal or a start signal applied through a gate, for example, a field effective transistor (FET) or an IGBT (insulated). gate bipolar mode transistor).

The single switching circuit 450 connects one end of the starting pole excitation coil 221 to the (+) end of the capacitor C and the other end to the (-) end of the capacitor C through the switching element Q3. The excitation of the starter pole coil 221 by the turn-on of the switching element (Q3), and comprises a freewheeling diode (D3, freewheeling diode) connected in parallel to the starter pole coil (221). Here, the switching element Q3 may be configured of a field effective transistor (FET) or an insulated gate bipolar mode transistor (IGBT) that performs high-speed switching by a start signal.

A start control operation by the microprocessor 410 will be described with reference to FIG. 9.

Referring to FIG. 9, the controller 400 detects a rotor position (S10), a starting attempt step (S20), a driving determination step (S30), and a rotor position adjusting step when a rotationally stopped rotor is rotationally started. The motor is driven in accordance with the starting method (S40).

The rotor position detecting step S10 is a step of detecting the rotor position through the rotation position sensor 300.

The start attempt step (S20) is a stator pole when the rotor position to be determined based on the signal received from the rotor position sensor 300 is in the energizing period (θon-θoff), the voltage waveform corresponding to the drive signal This step is applied to the female coil. In the drawings attached to the embodiment of the present invention, the excitation current conduction section θon-θoff is the same as the inductance increasing section θs to θ1, so that the drive is performed when the rotational position of the rotor is in the inductance increasing section θs to θ1. According to the signal, a voltage is applied to the stator pole exciting coil.

The driving determination step (S30) detects whether the rotor rotates after the start attempt step (S20) by the rotation position sensor 300 and rotates to continuously apply a drive signal thereafter to drive the motor, if not rotated It is the step that goes to the electronic position adjusting step (S40). Here, it is determined whether to rotate by determining whether a motor driving operation of exciting the stator pole is normally performed according to the energizing section θon-θoff sensed by the rotation position sensor 300.

The rotor position adjusting step (S40) is a case where the rotor position detected in the rotor position detecting step (S10) is not in the excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) or when it is crossed in the driving determination step (S30), Exciting the starting pole or the rotor pole in accordance with the start signal to change the position of the rotation angle of the rotor and proceeds to the rotor position detection step (S10).

Here, the start signal is a signal that enables the rotor to be changed by changing a predetermined rotation angle position, and thus can be a PWM signal having a length of 1 sec or less, for example. Also, the smaller the pole angle of the rotor pole, the smaller the repositioning angle, and the rotor can rotate by inertia even if the start signal is stopped. Therefore, the number of rotor poles and the inertia force of the rotor are considered. It is preferable to determine the length of the start signal and the pulse width of the PWM signal.

The rotor position adjustment step (S40) as described above after exciting the start pole exciting step (S41), the start pole 220 to change the position of the rotation angle of the rotor by exciting the start pole 220 according to the start signal The rotor position is detected through the rotational position sensor 300 to check whether the rotor position is in the energizing section θon-θoff, and if it is in the exciting energizing section θon-θoff, the process proceeds to the starting attempt step S20. If the position check step (S42), the confirmation step (S42), as a result of the check, if not in the energizing section (θon-θoff), after the stator pole 210 is excited in accordance with the start signal and the rotor position detection step (S10) It includes the stator pole excitation step (S43) to go to).

That is, the controller 400 is configured to the stator pole excitation coil in accordance with the excitation conduction section θon-θoff detected by the rotation position sensor 300 when the rotor is in the excitation conduction section θon-θoff when the motor is started. When starting the motor by applying a voltage and starting the motor, when the rotor is not in the energizing section (θon-θoff) or when the starting attempt fails, the starting pole is excited in accordance with the starting signal of the PWM waveform. The operation is retried when the rotor is in the exciting energization section (θon-θoff) during the repeating operation and the excitation of the stator poles.

For example, referring to the state illustrated in FIG. 6C, since the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111 are aligned, they are out of the energization period θon-θoff, Since the copper pole 220 faces the pitch hole 120, the moving pole 220 stops after being rotated by a predetermined angle in the counterclockwise direction by the excitation of the moving pole 220, and thus the probability of entering the excitation conduction section θon-θoff is high.

If the rotation angle position of the rotor is in the energization period θon-θoff, but close to the alignment rotation angles θ1 to θ2, the starting of the motor may fail. However, even if the start fails, since the start pole 220 facing the pitch hole 120 is excited by the start signal, the rotation angle can be adjusted by rotating the rotor.

In addition, referring to FIG. 6 (b), the rotation angle of the rotor enters the excitation conduction section θon-θoff, and the starting pole 220 faces the middle of the rotor concave pole 112, so that the starting pole It is difficult to generate rotational force with the excitation of 220, and instead, the excitation of the stator pole 210 has a high probability that the rotation angle position of the rotor enters the excitation conduction section θon-θoff. With this algorithm, even when the rotor is in the non-startable position when the first motor is started, it is possible to allow the rotor to be in the startable position by the interaction between the starting pole and the fixed pole, and smooth starting is possible.

10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a switched reluctance motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention in which a 12-pole rotor is coupled to a 10-pole stator in an outer ring type.

Referring to FIG. 10, the outer ring rotor type, the pole is arranged in a single phase structure, and includes a moving pole.

Accordingly, a plurality of twelve rotor poles 110 having the same polar angle are disposed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 100, and pitches between adjacent rotor poles 110. The hole 120 is formed.

In addition, 12 poles are disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the stator 200 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction in the same manner as the number of the rotor poles 110, so that 12 poles are simultaneously aligned when the rotor poles 110 are aligned. When aligned and unaligned to the rotor poles 110, the 12 poles are unaligned at the same time. Here, the pair of symmetrical with respect to the center of rotation among the 12 poles of the stator 200 is configured as the moving pole 220 and the remaining 10 poles are configured as the stator pole 210. The ten stator poles 210 are respectively wound with excitation coils 214 so that they can be simultaneously excited or elementd.

Although not shown in FIG. 10, a reflecting plate 310 is installed at an upper end of the rotor convex pole 111 of each rotor pole 110 so as to fit the excitation conduction section θon-θoff, and a plurality of stator poles 210 are provided. Rotational position sensor 300 is installed on any one of the stator pole top.

As described above, even when the rotor 100 is rotated by combining the stator 200 having the 10 pole stator pole 210 with the rotor 100 having the 12 pole rotor pole 110, the stator pole ( The polar angle of 210 may be the same as the polar angle of the rotor pole 110, whereby the spacing between the stator poles 210 is also adjacent to the starting pole 220. It can be reduced by the circumferential width of the pitch hole 120.

Accordingly, the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 generates reluctance torque by using the entire inner circumferential surface of the rotor pole 110 as compared with the embodiment shown in FIGS. The torque can be increased by that much.

Although not shown in the figure, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the controller 400 shown in FIG. 8 can be included to start the motor according to the starting method shown in FIG.

11 to 13 are diagrams for explaining a switched reluctance motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 11, a coupled state of the stator 200 and the rotor 100 is illustrated in cross-sectional view. In Fig. 12, the separated state of the stator and the rotor is shown in cross section.

In addition, FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating an arrangement state between the stator convex pole and the permanent magnet according to the position of the rotor, and an arrangement state between the rotation position sensor 300 and the reflector 310.

11 and 12, the rotor 100 is bisected into the rotor convex pole 111 and the rotor concave pole 112 having different inner diameters by the step 113 similarly to the first embodiment. A plurality of rotor poles 110 are provided at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the inner surface to be distinguished by the pitch holes 120. Here, the rotor poles 110 are provided in pairs, so if n is a natural number, it is 2n.

However, the stator 200 does not include the starter pole 220 provided in the first embodiment, and instead, the stator pole 110 is formed at the position where the starter pole 220 was formed, and thus, the rotor 100. 2n stator poles 210 are provided on the outer surface at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, in the same number as the number of the rotor poles 110). Accordingly, when the rotor 100 rotates, all the rotor poles 110 are simultaneously aligned or unaligned at the same time with the stator poles 210 without missing any one.

Of course, since each stator pole 210 has a two-stage diameter by the step 213, it is divided into a stator convex pole 211 and a stator concave pole 212 having different outer diameters, so that the rotor pole 110 ), The rotor convex pole 111 and the stator concave pole 212 face each other, and the rotor concave pole 112 and the stator convex pole 211 face each other.

Accordingly, the third embodiment of the present invention does not have to include the single switching circuit 450 when the controller 400 is configured, and the processor for the starting method described with reference to FIG. 9 is a microprocessor. It may not be mounted at 410.

Instead, the third embodiment of the present invention mounts the permanent magnet 130 to the rotor concave pole 112 to position the rotor 100 that has stopped rotating at the rotatable angle, thereby providing a microprocessor 410. Is activated by applying a voltage to the excitation coil 214 according to the rotor rotation angle detected by the rotation position sensor 300.

The permanent magnets 130 are mounted in one pair in close contact with the rotor concave poles 112 at different positions, and the polarities toward the inside where the stator 200 is installed are different from each other. That is, one permanent magnet 130 has an N pole toward the inside and the other permanent magnet 130 has an S pole toward the inside.

In addition, the permanent magnets that make up a pair of two can be provided and mounted in a plurality of pairs. That is, when the number of the rotor poles 110 is 2n and k is a natural number less than or equal to n, one of the 2k rotor recesses 112 among the 2n rotor recesses 112 is provided. The permanent magnets 130 are mounted in close contact. At this time, the k permanent magnets 130 are directed to the N pole inward, the remaining k permanent magnets 130 are directed to the S pole inward. At this time, the permanent magnet with the N pole facing inward and the permanent magnet with the S pole facing inward may be disposed to face the rotation axis.

Each permanent magnet 130 is formed in an arc shape having a polar angle β _{m that} is relatively smaller than the polar angle β _rc of the rotor concave pole 112, and the outer surface of the permanent magnet 130 has a rotor concave pole 112. At the time of mounting in close contact with the pitch), it is mounted to the pitch hole 120. Accordingly, the permanent magnet 130 is spaced apart from the step 113 on one side of the mounted rotor concave pole (112).

Preferably, the permanent magnet 130 is in close contact with the circumferential side 111a of the rotor convex pole 111 across the opening inlet 120a of the pitch hole 120.

As described above, the pair of permanent magnets having the N pole facing inward and the permanent magnet 130 having the S pole facing inward are separated from the step 113 on one side in the rotor concave pole 112, and the pitch hole on the other side is provided. Permanent magnets centered on the point biased toward the pitch hole 120 at the center of the rotor concave pole 112 by being mounted in close contact with the circumferential side of the rotor convex pole 111 across the inlet of the 120. The magnetic force flux of 130 passes through the stator 200 in a path of decreasing the magnetic resistance and is directed to the permanent magnet on the opposite side.

Accordingly, the permanent magnets 130 mounted on the rotor receive magnetic reluctance torque to align with the stator convex poles 211 having a smaller pore when they face each other and a shorter magnetic circuit than the stator concave poles 212. Ensure that the rotor is always aligned to the activatable position.

Here, the permanent magnet 130 is used for the purpose of aligning the rotor to the startable position in the torque-free state, so that the stator convex pole 211 excited by the excitation coil 214 to drive the motor By employing a magnet with a very small magnetic force relative to the magnetic force, it does not act as a reverse torque or resistance that prevents smooth rotation during the starting and operation of the rotor.

Then, when the excitation coil 214 is deactivated to stop the motor, only the magnetic force flux by the permanent magnet 130 remains between the rotor and the stator. Accordingly, the rotor 100 reduces the speed until the inertia force is exhausted and then aligns with the permanent magnet 130, even after the motor stops, the permanent magnet 130 is stator even if vibration caused by external shock occurs. The reluctance torque to be aligned with the convex pole 211 is generated, so that the entire surface of the permanent magnet 130 is connected to the stator convex pole 211 as illustrated in FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C. It is in a facing state.

At this time, the stator convex pole 211 is at a rotation angle starting to face the rotor convex pole 211 as shown in FIG. 13 (b) or at least the stator convex as shown in FIG. 13 (c). pole 211 pole firing angle (β _m) Since one pole face by a firing angle and the rotor projection poles 211 subtracts the, woman the stator projection poles 211 energizing interval (θon- of permanent magnets 130 on the firing angle of a pole The rotor can be rotated by exciting it with [theta] off).

By the way, in the situation where the motor is stopped or the motor is waiting to be started, the front surface of the permanent magnet 130 is connected to the stator concave pole 212 as shown in FIGS. 13E, 13F, and 13G. It can be face to face. At this time, the reflector plate 310 installed in accordance with the excitation conduction period (θon-θoff) set to correspond to the inductance increase interval to generate the positive torque is not in the state facing the rotation position sensor 300, the stator pole 210 Excitation) reverses by but torque.

Accordingly, in the third embodiment of the present invention, if the rotor sensed by the rotation position sensor 300 at the start of the motor is in the energizing period θon-θoff, the controller 400 is moved to the rotation position sensor 300. The drive is controlled by applying a voltage to the stator pole exciting coil in accordance with the sensing energizing section (θon-θoff).

In addition, if the rotor 400 is not in the exciting energization section (θon-θoff) at the start-up, the controller 400 applies a voltage to the excitation coil in accordance with the start signal of the PWM waveform as in the first embodiment, thereby predetermining the rotor. The rotating operation at an angle is repeated until the rotor is in the excitation conduction section θon-θoff, and when the rotor is in the excitation conduction section θon-θoff, drive control is performed according to a drive signal thereafter.

On the other hand, the polar angle β _m of the permanent magnet 130 is preferably 1/5 to 2/3 times the rotor concave pole polar angle β _rc as expressed by Equation 1 below.

Equation 1

If the polar angle β _m of the permanent magnet 130 is smaller than 1/5 times that of the rotor concave polar angle β _rc , the stator convex pole 211 is rotated with the stator convex pole 211 in the situation shown in FIG. 13 (b) when the starting rotational force at the moment of starting cannot be obtained close to the alignment rotation angles θ1 to θ2 between the electron convex poles 111 and is larger than 2/3 times the rotor concave pole polar angle β _rc . When placed in the situation of the rotor convex 111 may not reach the position where it starts to face the stator convex pole 211. Therefore, it is good to set it as the range represented by said Formula (1).

However, the permanent magnet 130 is made of a material having a high magnetic resistance because it crosses the open inlet of the pitch hole 120, the path through the permanent magnet 130 during the magnetic flux flux of the excited stator pole 210 It is good to lower the amount of magnetic flux to form. To this end, the permanent magnet 130 may be composed of a non-metal magnet, such as a rubber magnet, a ferrite magnet, a plastic magnet or an organic material magnet. However, since it may be damaged by the heat generated by the motor, it is good to use a magnet having high magnetic resistance while having heat resistance if possible.

In addition, although the permanent magnet 130 is shown as attached to or fixed to the rotor concave electrode 112 in the drawing, the groove is formed in the rotor concave electrode 112 to fix the permanent magnet 130 into the groove. Or may be fixed using a pitch hole.

14 is a graph showing the detected data after detecting the current flowing through the excitation coil with an oscilloscope in a state in which a switched reluctance motor according to the present invention is actually manufactured and driven.

According to the current waveform shown in FIG. 14, when the voltage is applied to the excitation coil at the turn-on rotation angle θon sensed by the rotation position sensor 300, a gentle current increase C1 is shown, and PWM In practice with control, it increases in the form of an exponential curve (C2). This is because, as shown in Fig. 7 (b), when the voltage is applied to the excitation coil, the inductance between the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111 starts to increase (the reluctance starts to decrease at the maximum). This is because the inductance of the gap G3 between the stator concave pole 212 and the rotor convex pole 111 near the aligned state gradually decreases (the reluctance starts increasing at the minimum). That is, the inductance between the stator concave pole 212 and the rotor convex pole 111 acts as a damping function, so that the current initially rises slowly.

Therefore, since the present invention is made of a gentle curve when applying a voltage to the exciting coil, the present invention can significantly reduce the torque and cogging impact noise compared to the prior art, such as the current waveform shown in FIG. have.

Subsequently, due to the increase in inductance between the stator convex pole 211 and the rotor convex pole 111, the current does not increase any more and reaches a flat-topped phase current, and thereafter, the turn-off rotation angle ( θoff) and the excitation voltage is off, the generation of magnetic induction current in the excitation coil is gently extinguished to θ2 due to the overall inductance effect of the convex and concave poles (C4) and before θ1 as in the control of actual product When the excitation voltage is controlled by the PWM waveform, it can be seen that it decreases more gently (C3) and suppresses the magnetic induction power.

When the voltage applied to the excitation coil is stopped at the turn-off rotation angle θ off, the electricity accumulated in the excitation coil is charged to the capacitor through the reflux diode and demagnetized, and the current decreases rapidly. (C3, C4).

As described above, the present invention has the effect of suppressing the magnetic induction residual electricity in the excitation coil after the turn-off rotation angle θoff due to the self-mechanical structures of the concave and convex poles of the salient poles. It takes a shorter time to return to the device, and the effect of reducing vibration noise and efficiency decrease due to the reverse torque generated at the turn-off rotation angle θ off can be obtained.

Although illustrated and described in the specific embodiments to illustrate the technical spirit of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the same configuration and operation as the specific embodiment as described above, within the limits that various modifications do not depart from the scope of the invention It can be carried out in. Therefore, such modifications should also be regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims below.

[Description of the code]

100: rotor

Reference numeral 110: rotor pole 111: rotor convex pole 112: rotor concave pole

113: step

120: pitch hole

130: permanent magnet

200: stator

210: stator pole 211: stator convex pole 212: stator concave pole

213: step 214: driving theater female coil

220: mobile play 221: mobile play excitation coil

300: rotor position detection sensor 310: encoding sensor plate (reflection plate)

400: controller

410: microprocessor 420: first gate driving circuit

430: second gate driving circuit 440: asymmetric converter

450: single switching circuit 460: current sensing circuit

β _r : rotor pole polar angle β _s : stator pole polar angle

β _rc : rotor concave polar angle β _m : permanent magnet polar angle

Claims

A rotor forming a magnetic path between the plurality of rotor poles formed at an equal radial angle along the circumferential direction on an inner surface thereof;

It is fixed to the inside of the rotor, is formed along the circumferential direction on the outer side of the winding of the excitation coil to a plurality of stator poles to form a magnetic path between each other, at least a pair of stator poles with a different gap between the rotor poles Stators aligned at the same time one by one;

A rotation position sensor for sensing a rotation position of the rotor; And

A controller for applying a voltage to the excitation coil in an excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) that is set in advance corresponding to the inductance increase section to generate a positive torque;

In the switched reluctance motor comprising:

The rotor pole and the stator pole are each divided into convex poles and concave poles having different heights, and when the rotor poles and stator poles face each other when aligned, the rotor concave poles and the stator poles face each other. Convex, facing,

The controller is a switched clock, characterized in that to apply a voltage to the excitation coil in the excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) is set to correspond to the inductance increase interval formed between the rotor convex pole and the stator convex pole Turns motor.
The method of claim 1,

The rotor has a pitch hole of the groove shape at the boundary between the rotor poles, so that a plurality of rotor poles are formed by being divided by a pitch hole.
The method according to claim 1 or 2,

When the stator convex pole begins to face the rotor convex pole of any one rotor pole and the area of the facing face increases,

The stator concave pole is characterized in that the area of the surface facing the rotor convex pole of the other rotor pole adjacent to the pitch hole is reduced.
The method of claim 3, wherein

A stepped reluctance motor, characterized in that the steps of the rotor poles and stator poles are respectively inclined downward from the convex pole toward the concave pole.
The method of claim 3, wherein

Switched reluctance motor, characterized in that the step of the rotor pole and the stator pole is formed at the center of the rotor pole and the stator pole, respectively.
The method of claim 4, wherein

Switched reluctance motor, characterized in that the circumferential width of the inlet of the pitch hole is equal to the transverse width of the step of the stator pole.
The method of claim 3, wherein

The step of the rotor poles and stator poles is a switched reluctance motor, characterized in that 1 to 5 times the gap (G1) when the rotor convex pole and the stator convex pole is aligned.
The method of claim 4, wherein

Switched reluctance motor, characterized in that the inclination angle of the step is 30 ~ 60 °.
The method of claim 3, wherein

The stator poles provided in pairs are simultaneously aligned with different rotor poles, and the controller simultaneously excites each stator pole excitation coil to operate as a single-phase switched reluctance motor.
The method of claim 9,

The number of rotor poles of the rotor is 2n + 2, n is a natural number,

The stator has 2n stator poles which are simultaneously aligned with the rotor poles, and when the stator poles are aligned with the rotor poles, the moving poles face one by one with the steps of two rotor poles which are not aligned with the stator poles. It has two moving poles to which the excitation coil is wound.

The controller attempts to start by applying a voltage to the stator pole excitation coil according to the excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) detected by the rotation position sensor if the rotor is in the excitation conduction section (θon-θoff) when starting the motor. When the rotor is not in the energizing section (θon-θoff) when starting the motor or when the starting attempt fails, the starting pole is excited according to the starting signal of the PWM waveform output from the microprocessor. A switched reluctance motor, characterized in that a start is retried when the rotor is in the energizing section (θon-θoff) while repeating the excitation of the stator poles.
The method of claim 3, wherein

The rotor is provided with a permanent magnet to be mounted to each of the rotor concave poles 2k of the plurality of rotor concave when k is a natural number,

The permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor concave to the pitch hole, k permanent magnets and the remaining k permanent magnets are mounted to the inside with different polarities facing the switch.
The method of claim 11,

The permanent magnet motor is characterized in that the permanent magnet is mounted in close contact with the circumferential side of the rotor convex pole across the inlet of the pitch hole.
The method of claim 12,

The permanent magnet is formed in an arc shape having a polar angle of 1/5 times to 2/3 times the polar angle of the rotor concave pole so that the outer surface is mounted in close contact with the rotor concave pole and maintains the space G1. Switched reluctance motor, characterized in that.
The method of claim 12,

The controller

If the rotor is in the energizing section (θon-θoff) when starting the motor, apply the voltage to the stator pole excitation coil according to the exciting energizing section (θon-θoff) detected by the rotation position sensor, and start the motor. If the rotor is not in the excitation energization section (θon-θoff) at the start-up, the rotor repeats the operation of exciting the pole according to the start signal of the PWM waveform output from the microprocessor. Switched reluctance motor, characterized in starting at the time of arrival.