WO2016006260A1 - 受精卵の正常発生率向上剤 - Google Patents
受精卵の正常発生率向上剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016006260A1 WO2016006260A1 PCT/JP2015/003515 JP2015003515W WO2016006260A1 WO 2016006260 A1 WO2016006260 A1 WO 2016006260A1 JP 2015003515 W JP2015003515 W JP 2015003515W WO 2016006260 A1 WO2016006260 A1 WO 2016006260A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent for improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs containing 5-aminolevulinic acid or a salt thereof (ALA), a kit for improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs, fertilization by contacting fertilized eggs with ALAs
- the present invention relates to a method for improving the normal incidence of eggs, ALAs used for improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs, and use of ALAs for preparing a normal incidence improving agent for fertilized eggs.
- a female egg having an excellent genetic character is fertilized with a male sperm having the same excellent genetic characteristic, and the fertilized egg is transplanted to the uterus of another female animal (recipient) after in vitro culture.
- Transplant technology has been widely used as a technology for efficiently producing excellent livestock and experimental animals. For example, a fertilized egg collected from a donor (animal that supplies a fertilized egg) is transplanted to a recipient (a recipient animal of a fertilized egg) that has been subjected to a synchronized treatment to make it a pseudopregnant state by hormonal treatment, etc.
- In vivo uterus produced by taking out immature eggs from the ovaries of livestock that have been proved to be good or bad, such as in vivo fertilized egg transplantation and meat quality obtained at the slaughterhouse, and performing oocyte maturation, fertilization, and development culture outside the body
- In vitro fertilized egg transplantation using fertilized eggs in a state where transplantation is possible has been widely performed.
- Such an in vitro fertilization medium contains sericin and contains an artificial fertilization medium composition that can culture embryos collected by in vivo artificial insemination or embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (see, for example, Patent Document 1) and xanthophyll Medium for artificial insemination (for example, see Patent Document 2), medium for in vitro culture of pig embryos containing pyruvic acid or lactic acid or salts thereof, and taurine or a precursor thereof as essential components (for example, Patent Document 3) or a method for improving the incidence of mammalian fertilized eggs, which increases the normal incidence of fertilized eggs by adding vascular endothelial growth factor to the development medium of mammalian fertilized eggs and co-culturing with feeder cells ( For example, see Patent Document 4), or an amino acid-containing in vitro fertilization medium set substantially free of L-glutamine or a derivative thereof that can be hydrolyzed to produce L-glutamine.
- an artificial fertilization medium composition that can culture embryos collected by in vivo artificial in
- an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) method has been developed in which sperm is sucked into a sperm injection pipette and sperm is injected into the egg cytoplasm.
- This method is effective for infertility caused by male infertility including severe oligospermia because fertilized eggs can be obtained at a high rate with only one sperm.
- in vitro fertilized egg culture has become a common means, but the fertilized egg that has been cultured does not reach the blastocyst stage and has a high rate of stopping before the morula. Are known. The reason for this is pointed out that some factors may cause the initial development to stop, but the mechanism has not been clarified.
- the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization is estimated to be about 20 to 25% of the total number of in vitro fertilization, and it is only 5 to 15% to reach birth.
- fertilized eggs are cultured in vitro.
- it has been reported that the development frequently stops in the 8 cell phase to the 16 cell phase see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- 5-aminolevulinic acid is known as an intermediate of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway widely present in animals, plants, and fungi, and usually succinyl CoA and glycine are synthesized by 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase.
- Biosynthesized from Photodynamic therapy or photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) using 5-ALA has also been developed and is attracting attention as a treatment method that is low in invasiveness and maintains QOL. Therapeutic agents have been reported.
- 5-ALA is also known to be useful as an agent for preventing or improving adult diseases, cancer, and male infertility (see, for example, Patent Documents 9 to 11).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an in vitro culture medium that can normally proceed to the blastocyst stage without stopping development in in vitro culture of a fertilized egg.
- An agent for improving the normal incidence of a fertilized egg comprising a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof;
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group).
- R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atoms, The normal incidence improving agent of a fertilized egg according to the above (1); (3) The agent for improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs according to the above (1) or (2), further comprising an iron compound; (4)
- the iron compound is ferric chloride, iron sesquioxide, iron sulfate, ferrous pyrophosphate, ferrous citrate, sodium iron citrate, sodium ferrous citrate, ammonium iron citrate, pyrophosphoric acid Ferric iron, iron lactate, ferrous gluconate, sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, ammonium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, iron ammonium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium dicarboxymethylglutamate iron, ammonium dicarboxymethylglutamate , Ferrous fumarate, iron acetate, iron oxalate, ferrous succinate, sodium iron citrate, heme iron, dextran iron, triethylenetetraamine iron
- the incidence rate and conception rate by artificial insemination and the conception rate in natural pregnancy can be improved, and the productivity and breeding efficiency in livestock breeding can be increased.
- the agent for improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs of the present invention is particularly suitable as long as it contains a compound represented by the above formula (I) or a salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as “ALAs”). Although not limited, it can also be used as a medium for improving fertilized egg incidence suitable for artificial insemination including in vitro culture medium of mammalian fertilized eggs, and preferably contains an iron compound in addition to ALAs. It is preferable that the conception rate can be increased.
- the biological species from which the fertilized egg in the present invention is derived is preferably a mammal, and examples include humans, monkeys, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, cows, pigs, horses, rabbits, sheep, goats, cats, dogs and the like. Can do.
- 5-ALA is one of the amino acids also called ⁇ -aminolevulinic acid.
- R 1 in the formula (I) is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group
- R 2 in the formula (I) is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group
- compounds other than 5-ALA, which is an aralkyl group can be mentioned.
- acyl group in the formula (I) examples include linear or branched alkanoyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, octanoyl, benzylcarbonyl group, etc. And aroyl groups having 7 to 14 carbon atoms such as benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl and 2-naphthoyl groups.
- alkyl group in the formula (I) examples include linear or branched groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl and octyl groups. Mention may be made of alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group in the formula (I) may have a saturated or partially unsaturated bond such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, 1-cyclohexenyl group, etc. And a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- aryl group in the formula (I) examples include aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and phenanthryl groups.
- the aryl moiety can be the same as the above aryl group, and the alkyl moiety can be the same as the above alkyl group, specifically, benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, benzhydryl.
- aralkyl groups having 7 to 15 carbon atoms such as trityl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl group, and the like.
- the 5-ALA derivative is preferably a compound in which R 1 is formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl group, or the like, or a compound in which R 2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl group, or the like.
- R 1 is formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl group, or the like
- R 2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl group, or the like.
- Preferred examples of the combination of 1 and R 2 include formyl and methyl, acetyl and methyl, propionyl and methyl, butyryl and methyl, formyl and ethyl, acetyl and ethyl, propionyl and ethyl, butyryl and ethyl, and the like.
- ALAs may act as an active ingredient in the state of 5-ALA of formula (I) or a derivative thereof in vivo, and various salts for increasing solubility or in vivo depending on the administration form Esters can be administered as prodrugs (precursors) that are degraded by enzymes.
- examples of salts of 5-ALA and its derivatives include pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts, metal salts, ammonium salts, organic amine addition salts, and the like.
- acid addition salts include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, and other inorganic acid salts, formate, acetate, propionate, toluenesulfonic acid Salt, succinate, oxalate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, methanesulfonate, butyrate, valerate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, etc.
- Organic acid addition salts can be exemplified.
- metal salts include alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt and potassium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium and calcium salt, and metal salts such as aluminum and zinc.
- ammonium salts include ammonium salts and alkylammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium salts.
- organic amine salt include salts such as triethylamine salt, piperidine salt, morpholine salt, and toluidine salt. These salts can also be used as a solution at the time of use.
- ALA preferred are various esters such as 5-ALA and 5-ALA methyl ester, 5-ALA ethyl ester, 5-ALA propyl ester, 5-ALA butyl ester, 5-ALA pentyl ester, etc.
- esters such as 5-ALA and 5-ALA methyl ester, 5-ALA ethyl ester, 5-ALA propyl ester, 5-ALA butyl ester, 5-ALA pentyl ester, etc.
- hydrochlorides, phosphates and sulfates can be particularly preferably exemplified.
- the ALAs can be produced by any known method of chemical synthesis, production by microorganisms, or production by enzymes.
- the ALAs may form hydrates or solvates, and any one of them may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the iron compound may be an organic salt or an inorganic salt.
- the inorganic salt include ferric chloride, iron sesquioxide, iron sulfate, and ferrous pyrophosphate.
- the organic salt include a carboxylate.
- hydroxycarboxylates such as ferrous citrate, sodium iron citrate, sodium ferrous citrate, ammonium iron citrate, ferric pyrophosphate, iron lactate, gluconic acid
- Ferrous iron sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, ammonium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ammonium irondiaminediaminetetraacetate, sodium iron dicarboxymethylglutamate, ammonium dicarboxymethylglutamate, ferrous fumarate, iron acetate, Iron oxalate, ferrous succinate, iron citrate
- organic acid salts such as lithium, heme iron, dextran iron, triethylenetetraamine iron, lactoferrin iron
- the above iron compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the use amount (addition amount / dose) of the iron compound may be 0.01 to 100 times in molar ratio with respect to the dose of ALA (5-ALA conversion), and 0.05 to 10 times. Desirably, 0.1 to 8 times is more desirable.
- the normal incidence-enhancing agent for fertilized eggs in which the ALAs of the present invention and an iron compound are used in combination can be used as a composition containing the ALAs and the iron compound, or can be used individually or simultaneously. When used alone, it is preferable to use them simultaneously, but when used independently, the administration of ALAs and iron compounds can have an additive effect, preferably a synergistic effect. Are preferably used.
- a fertilized egg refers to one cell that can be grown by somatic cell division formed by fertilization in which a sperm enters the egg and the nucleus of the sperm and the nucleus of the egg are fused.
- Methods for obtaining fertilized eggs include methods for collecting fertilized eggs that have been fertilized in vivo (eg, collecting eggs), methods for obtaining fertilized eggs by in vitro fertilization, and thawing the frozen fertilized eggs obtained by these methods after freezing. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of in-vivo fertilization include fertilization in the body, where an egg that has reached maturity is released from the ovary (ovulation), enters the fallopian tube, and meets the sperm while going down the fallopian tube Can do.
- a method for obtaining a fertilized egg that has been fertilized in the body for example, in the case of a mouse, euthanize the mouse having a fertilized egg by an appropriate method, take out the fallopian tube by a conventional method, and tear off the enormous portion of the fallopian tube with an injection needle.
- a method of obtaining a fertilized egg by removing cumulus cells by hyaluronidase treatment of a fertilized egg mass can be mentioned.
- the in vitro fertilization can include artificially performing the fertilization outside the body, and the in vitro fertilization method can be performed by co-culturing the ovum and sperm taken out of the body, And microinsemination methods such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), etc.
- ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- sperm can be placed in the cytoplasm of the ovum under a microscope using an ultrafine pipette.
- An example of ICSI to be injected into can be suitably illustrated.
- an ovulated egg or an egg in a follicle matured to near ovulation, an egg collected outside the body, or an immature egg collected outside the body is cultured by a conventional method and matured. Examples include matured cultured ova that have been frozen, and ova that have been thawed after freezing.
- the method of collecting the ovum inside the follicle outside the body is a syringe suction method in which the needle is pointed and sucked into the follicle, a small follicle incision method that scrapes the contents after the follicle is incised, and an ovarian shredding method in which the surface of the ovary is shredded. Etc.
- in-vitro matured eggs collected from ovary derived from slaughterhouse are used in addition to in-vivo matured eggs obtained by superovulation treatment by hormone administration such as prostaglandin F2 ⁇ , cloprostenol, and chorionic gonadotropin.
- hormone administration such as prostaglandin F2 ⁇ , cloprostenol, and chorionic gonadotropin.
- in-vivo matured eggs particularly in-vivo matured eggs collected from sows that have been sexually mature (over 6 months of age) are preferred.
- Such matured ovum can be collected by performing oviduct perfusion on the uterus and ovaries of sows obtained by superovulation treatment using PBS solution or the like, but the egg to which cumulus cells are attached is hyaluronidase. Treatment is preferably performed to remove cumulus cells.
- Sperm used in the in vitro fertilization include sperm obtained by semen collection, intra-testicular sperm collection method, microscopic epididymal sperm collection method, percutaneous epididymal sperm collection method, sperm concentration washing method, etc. , Sperm obtained by pre-culturing the sperm, and sperm obtained by thawing them after freezing.
- the probability (normal incidence) that a fertilized egg is normally generated is that the fertilized egg undergoes somatic cell division inside or outside the body, so that it is an embryo at the 2-cell stage, preferably an embryo at the 4-cell stage. More preferably an 8-cell stage embryo, more preferably a morula, particularly preferably a blastocyst (stage embryo), without stopping cell division, and is usually scheduled well known to those skilled in the art.
- the normal development rate is improved at least after the 8-cell stage, without the cleavage being different from the division mode. The normal development rate is improved in the embryo.
- the morula is an embryo having about 16 to 32 cells whose number of cells is increased but individual cells can be confirmed.
- the blastocyst refers to an embryo that forms a cleavage space and is divided into an outer cell layer (Trophectoderm: TE) and an inner cell mass (inner cell mass: ICM).
- Embryo embryo corresponding to the structure before implantation into the endometrium, and in the case of in vitro fertilization, transplantation of an embryo that has developed normally up to the blastocyst (in vitro embryo) increases the conception rate.
- the timing of embryo transfer is not limited to blastocysts.
- Such development includes in vitro generation in which a fertilized egg undergoes somatic cell division in vitro (in vitro culture) and in vivo development in which a fertilized egg undergoes somatic cell division in the body. Therefore, there are four combinations of fertilization and development: in-vivo fertilization-in-vitro generation, in-vivo fertilization-in-vivo development, in-vitro fertilization-in-vivo generation, and in-vitro fertilization-in-vitro generation.
- a method for improving the normal incidence of in vitro development using the fertilized egg normal incidence improving agent of the present invention a method of contacting a normal incidence improving agent with a fertilized egg, preferably a mammal containing ALAs and an iron compound
- a medium for improving fertilized egg incidence which is an in vitro culture medium for fertilized eggs of animals
- a method of adding a normal incidence improving agent to the culture medium for in vitro maturation of egg collection eggs and a method of adding a normal incidence improving agent to the cryopreservation agent for eggs.
- the normal incidence rate improver is orally administered to the female parent of the human or non-human animal from which the ovum is derived.
- Examples include sublingual, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, nasal, follicular and vaginal administration.
- the normal incidence rate improving agent of the present invention is used, the normal incidence rate of fertilized eggs is significantly improved as compared with the case where the normal incidence rate improving agent of the fertilized egg of the present invention is not used. Is significantly improved.
- the in vitro culture medium of the above-mentioned mammalian fertilized egg used when the agent for improving the normal incidence of a fertilized egg of the present invention is a medium for improving the fertilized egg incidence is any medium that can culture a fertilized egg of a mammal.
- HTF medium HTF medium, m-HTF medium, Ham medium, Ham F-10 medium, MEM medium, 199 medium, BME medium, CMRL 1066 medium, McCoy-5A medium, Weymouth medium, Trowell T-8 medium, Leibovitz L-15 medium, NCTC medium, Williams-E medium, Kane and Foote medium, Brinster medium, m-Tyrode medium, BWW medium, WK Whitten medium, TYH medium Hops & Pitts medium, m-KRB medium, BO medium, T6 medium, GPM medium, KSOM, HEC
- Examples of the medium and these modified mediums include commercially available dedicated in vitro such as CARD MEDIUM mouse in vitro fertilization medium, pig cultured embryo development medium (PZM-5) (manufactured by Functional Peptide Institute, Inc.), etc.
- a fertilization medium can also be used.
- a medium containing NaCl, KCl, KH 2 PO 4 , MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, NaHCO 3 , calcium lactate, sodium pyruvate, glucose, BSA can be preferably mentioned.
- the M16 medium shown in Table 1 below, which is the most frequently used synthetic medium in experiments for collection and manipulation, can be particularly preferably mentioned.
- the amount of the fertilized egg normal incidence improving agent used in the in vitro development is not particularly limited as long as the effect of improving the normal incidence of the fertilized egg is obtained, but when added to the in vitro culture medium of a fertilized egg of a mammal May be 0.05 ⁇ M to 5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.08 ⁇ M to 2 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ M to 1.5 ⁇ M in terms of 5-ALA.
- the dose in the in vivo development of the normal incidence-enhancing agent for fertilized eggs of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs is obtained, but is 0.1 to 20 mg / in terms of 5-ALA kg ⁇ day, preferably 0.5 to 10 mg / kg ⁇ day, more preferably 1 to 5 mg / kg ⁇ day.
- the in vitro development or in vivo development kit for improving the normal incidence of the fertilized egg of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains ALAs and an iron compound.
- a mammalian fertilized egg containing an in vitro culture medium can be used.
- the present invention also relates to the use of ALAs, preferably ALAs and iron compounds, or ALAs and iron compounds and in vitro culture media for preparing agents for improving the normal incidence of fertilized eggs for in vitro or in vivo development.
- the present invention further relates to ALAs, preferably ALAs and iron compounds, or ALAs and iron compounds and in vitro culture media used to improve the normal incidence of fertilized eggs.
- oviducts were collected from female mice that were confirmed to have vaginal plugs.
- the collected oviduct is allowed to stand in physiological saline (0.9% (w / v) NaCl) for about 15 minutes, and then is subjected to cumulus cell removal treatment, so about 300 ⁇ g / mL hyaluronidase (manufactured by Sigma)
- the oviduct was transferred into M16 medium supplemented with After opening the oviduct, the fertilized egg is taken out and allowed to stand in a CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C. for 5 to 10 minutes.
- the fertilized egg from which cumulus cells have been separated is collected, and the M16 medium without hyaluronidase added is collected. Wash to remove hyaluronidase.
- the cumulus cell-depleted fertilized egg was allowed to stand at 37 ° C. in a CO 2 incubator.
- Embryo development After 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours from the start of in vitro culture in the drop (0 hour), the developmental stage of each embryo is determined by observation with a stereomicroscope, and the development is progressing normally. Changes in the number and development rate of embryos were calculated. Specifically, the number of eggs at the 2-cell stage is 24 hours after the start of culture, the number of eggs at the 3-cell stage, the 4-cell stage, and the 8-cell stage after 48 hours, and the morula and embryos after 72 hours. The number of blastocysts was counted as an embryo whose development progressed normally at each stage after 96 hours.
- the number of embryos at each stage is shown in Table 2, and the incidence when the number of fertilized eggs (0 hours) is 100% is shown in Table 3 and the graph of FIG.
- the evaluation of the development rate is based on the ratio of the number of embryos whose development progressed normally after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours, with the number of fertilized eggs (0 hours) being 100%. The normal incidence was calculated.
- the number of fertilized eggs collected (0 hours) includes a certain amount of unfertilized eggs, and even if it is a group of fertilized eggs (0 hours) collected in the same experiment In the fertilized egg (0 hour) population distributed among the condition groups, the content of unfertilized eggs may change by chance.
- the incidence calculated with the number of embryos in the 2-cell stage 24 hours after fertilization as 100% was calculated in order to eliminate the influence of the content of unfertilized eggs that fluctuates by chance between the condition groups. That is, in order to calculate the development rate based on the number of eggs in which embryo development has been reliably started, the development rate when the number of eggs in the 2-cell stage after 24 hours is 100% is shown in Table 4 and FIG. Shown in the graph.
- Statistical analysis of each result was performed by ⁇ (chi) square test, and p ⁇ 0.01 (**) and p ⁇ 0.05 (*) were statistically significant.
- ⁇ Influence on the incidence by adding ALA> As is clear from Table 2, Table 3, and FIG. 1, when the number of fertilized eggs (0 hour) is 100%, ALA is 0.1 ⁇ M, 0.5 ⁇ M, and 1 ⁇ M compared to the control without ALA addition. Even when any of them was added, it was confirmed that the incidence increased. In particular, when 0.1 ⁇ M of ALA was added, the incidence after 72 hours was 47% and after 96 hours was 23%. When 0.5 ⁇ M ALA was added, the incidence after 72 hours was 48%. The incidence was significantly higher compared to the control value. When 0.5 ⁇ M ALA was added, the incidence after 96 hours was 45%, and when 1 ⁇ M ALA was added, the incidence after 72 hours was 52%, and the incidence after 96 hours was 45%. The incidence was significantly higher than the control value.
- Each female mouse immediately after administration of gonatropin was mated with C57BL / 6J strain and one male mouse, and the oviduct from the female mouse in which the vaginal plug was confirmed the next morning was treated with saline (0.9% (w / v ) NaCl) and KSOM or mWM containing hyaluronidase (approx. 300 ⁇ g / ml, Sigma) Then, the oviduct was refluxed and the cumulus cells of the resulting fertilized egg were removed, and the fertilized egg was recovered. To remove hyaluronidase, fertilized eggs were washed with KSOM or mWM medium and fertilized eggs were collected from all female mice at 37 ° C.
- KSOM is a typical low glucose-containing medium
- mWM is a high glucose-containing medium
- Equine chorionic gonadotropin serum gonadotropin
- gonatropin human chorionic gonadotropin
- the abdomen was opened and the fallopian tube was collected.
- the oviduct In mineral oil, the oviduct enormous portion was incised with a dissecting needle, and the ovum was collected into a drop of mHTF medium (Arc Resource Co., Ltd.).
- mHTF medium Arc Resource Co., Ltd.
- Spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis tail of C57BL / 6J male mice and cultured in mHTF medium for 40 minutes to 1 hour at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 conditions.
- 2 to 4 ⁇ l of mHTF medium containing sperm was added to the medium drop containing the collected ovum, and the mixture was fertilized and cultured at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 conditions.
- the fertilized egg was washed with KSOM (Arc Resource Corporation) or mWM (Arc Resource Corporation) to remove cumulus cells and sperm. Once all fertilized eggs were collected, they were cultured with KSOM or mWM in an incubator at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
- Twenty-five fertilized eggs per drop were transferred to a drop (overlaid with mineral oil (Sigma)) of 100 ⁇ l of ALA-free or ALA-added (1 ⁇ M or 3 ⁇ M) medium (KSOM or mWM). Thereafter, the cells were cultured under three conditions of 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 and 35 ° C., 5% CO 2 and 35.5 ° C., and 5% CO 2 . The number of embryos at the 2-cell stage was counted 24 hours after egg collection, and the number of blastocysts after 96 hours. Since the generation of fertilized eggs obtained from in vitro fertilization is somewhat slow, the number of blastocysts after 120 hours of egg collection was also measured.
- the incidence of embryos at each culture time was calculated based on the case where the number of embryos at the 2-cell stage 24 hours after fertilization was 100%.
- the results in KSOM are shown in Table 14, Table 15, FIG. 9 and FIG. 11, and the results in mWM are shown in Table 16, Table 17, FIG. 10, FIG.
- ⁇ Promoting effect of ALA on embryo development under low temperature culture conditions Under the present experimental conditions, the effect of ALA on mouse embryo development in low-temperature culture was examined. In vitro generation of fertilized eggs and in vitro fertilized eggs obtained from natural mating, ALA promotes development in low-temperature culture. It was confirmed to show. In particular, when mWM was used, a strong promoting action was observed. Since mWM is a high glucose medium while KSOM is a low glucose medium, it is possible that the action of ALA is glucose dependent.
- the efficiency of producing an embryo suitable for embryo transfer from a fertilized egg to a mother can be increased, it is useful in the fields of livestock and infertility treatment.
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Abstract
Description
(1)下記式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩を含有することを特徴とする受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(2)R1及びR2が、水素原子であることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(3)さらに、鉄化合物を含有することを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(4)鉄化合物が、塩化第二鉄、三二酸化鉄、硫酸鉄、ピロリン酸第一鉄、クエン酸第一鉄、クエン酸鉄ナトリウム、クエン酸第一鉄ナトリウム、クエン酸鉄アンモニウム、ピロリン酸第二鉄、乳酸鉄、グルコン酸第一鉄、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸鉄ナトリウム、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸鉄アンモニウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸鉄ナトリウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸鉄アンモニウム、ジカルボキシメチルグルタミン酸鉄ナトリウム、ジカルボキシメチルグルタミン酸鉄アンモニウム、フマル酸第一鉄、酢酸鉄、シュウ酸鉄、コハク酸第一鉄、コハク酸クエン酸鉄ナトリウム、ヘム鉄、デキストラン鉄、トリエチレンテトラアミン鉄、ラクトフェリン鉄、トランスフェリン鉄、鉄クロロフィリンナトリウム、フェリチン鉄、含糖酸化鉄、及び硫化グリシン鉄から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の化合物であることを特徴とする上記(3)記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(5)受胎率を高めることができることを特徴とする上記(1)~(4)のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(6)受精卵が、体外受精又は体内受精による受精卵であることを特徴とする上記(1)~(5)のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(7)さらに哺乳動物の受精卵の体外培養培地を含む受精卵発生率向上用培地であることを特徴とする上記(1)~(6)のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤;
(8)上記(1)~(7)のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤に受精卵を接触させることを特徴とする受精卵の正常発生率を向上する方法;
(9)上記(1)~(7)のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤を対象雌親に投与することを特徴とする受精卵の正常発生率を向上する方法;
(10)a)上記式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩;及びb)鉄化合物;を含む受精卵の正常発生率を向上するためのキット;
(11)さらに、c)哺乳動物の受精卵の体外培養培地を含むことを特徴とする上記(10)記載の受精卵の正常発生率を向上するためのキット;
(12)上記式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩の、受精卵の正常発生率向上剤を調製するための使用;
(13)式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩と鉄化合物とを用いることを特徴とする上記(12)記載の使用;
(14)式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩と鉄化合物と哺乳動物の受精卵の体外培養培地とを用いることを特徴とする上記(13)記載の使用;
(15)受精卵の正常発生率の向上に用いるための上記式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩;
(マウスの交配)
受精卵を採取する雌マウスとして、C57BL/6J系統の雌マウス(21週齢~27週齢、体重21.0~24.5g)を用いた。交配用の雄マウスとして、C57BL/6J系統の雄マウス(32~38週齢、体重30.0~35.5g)を用いた。過排卵誘導の常法にしたがって、5U(ユニット)のウマ絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(血清性腺刺激ホルモン)(あすか製薬株式会社製)を各雌マウスの腹腔内に投与し、45~48時間後に5U(ユニット)のゴナトロピン(ヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン)(あすか製薬株式会社製)を各雌マウスの腹腔内に投与した。ゴナトロピン投与直後の各雌マウスと、上記各雄マウスとを交配した。
翌日、交配した雌マウスにおいて、乳白色で樹脂様の膣栓の有無を判定し、膣栓が有ることを確認した雌マウスから卵管を採取した。採取された卵管は15分程度、生理食塩水(0.9%(w/v)NaCl)中に静置後、卵丘細胞除去処理を行うため、約300μg/mLのヒアルロニダーゼ(シグマ社製)を添加したM16培地中に卵管を移した。卵管を切開して受精卵を取り出し、CO2インキュベータ内で37℃にて、5~10分間静置後、卵丘細胞が分離している受精卵は回収され、ヒアルロニダーゼ未添加のM16培地で洗浄して、ヒアルロニダーゼを除去した。かかる卵丘細胞除去受精卵は、CO2インキュベータ内で37℃にて静置された。
別途、35mmシャーレに、ミネラルオイル(シグマ社製)が重層し、かつ、最終濃度が0μM(コントロール)、0.1μM、0.5μM、1μMのいずれかのALA塩酸塩(SBIファーマ社製)を添加した、100μLのM16培地のドロップを作製し、CO2インキュベータ内で37℃にて静置した。かかるドロップに、29個又は30個の上記卵丘細胞除去受精卵を移し、CO2インキュベータ内で37℃にて、体外培養を行った。
ドロップ内での体外培養開始時(0時間)から、24時間、48時間、72時間、96時間経過後に、実体顕微鏡観察により、各胚の発生ステージを判定し、正常に発生が進行している胚の数・発生率の変化を算出した。具体的には、培養開始24時間後では2細胞期の卵の数を、48時間後では3細胞期、4細胞期及び8細胞期の卵の数を、72時間後では桑実胚及び胚盤胞の数を、96時間後では胚盤胞の数を、それぞれのステージにおいて正常に発生が進行した胚としてカウントした。各ステージの胚の数を表2に、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合の発生率を表3及び図1のグラフに示す。また、発生率の評価は、受精卵(0時間)の卵の数を100%として、24時間後、48時間後、72時間後、96時間後に正常に発生が進行した胚の数の割合を算出し、正常発生率とした。また、自然交配のため、回収された受精卵(0時間)の数にはある程度の未受精卵が含まれており、同一の実験で回収された受精卵(0時間)の集団であっても、各条件群間で分配された受精卵(0時間)集団において、未受精卵の含有率が偶然に変動する可能性がある。受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%として算出した発生率は、各条件群間で、偶然に変動する未受精卵の含有率の影響を排除するため算出した。すなわち、胚発生が確実に開始された卵の数を基礎として発生率を算出するため、24時間後の2細胞期の卵の数を100%とした場合の発生率を表4及び図2のグラフに示す。各結果の統計解析はχ(カイ)二乗検定により行い、p<0.01(**)、p<0.05(*)を統計学的有意差があるとした。
表2、表3及び図1から明らかなとおり、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合、ALA未添加のコントロールと比較して、ALAを0.1μM、0.5μM、1μMのいずれかを添加した場合においても、発生率が上昇したことを確認した。特に、ALAを0.1μM添加した場合、72時間後の発生率は47%、96時間後の発生率は23%であり、ALAを0.5μM添加した場合、72時間後の発生率は48%であって、コントロールの値と比較して発生率は有意に高かった。また、ALAを0.5μM添加した場合、96時間後の発生率は45%であり、ALAを1μM添加した場合、72時間後の発生率は52%、96時間後の発生率は45%であって、コントロールの値と比較して発生率は顕著に高かった。
受精卵を採取する雌マウスとして、BDF1系統(C57BL/6雌 × DBA/2雄のF1)の雌と雄との交配で得られたBDF2系統の雌マウス(5~24週齢、体重16~25g)を用い、交配用の雄マウスとして、BDF1系統(C57BL/6雌 × DBA/2雄のF1)系統の雄マウス(46~52週齢、体重30~45g)を用い、1μMのALAについて検討したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の検討を行った。結果を以下の表5~表7、図3及び図4に示す。
表5、表6及び図3から明らかなとおり、BDF2系統の雌マウスとBDF1系統の雄マウスとの交配による受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合、ALA未添加のコントロールと比較して、ALAを1μM添加することにより、発生率が上昇したことを確認した。
C57BL/6J系統の雌マウス(4週齢~6週齢)に対し、過排卵誘 導の定法にしたがい、ウマ絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(血清性性腺刺激ホルモン)(あすか製薬株式会社)5U(ユニット)を腹腔内に投与し、45~48時間後にゴナトロピン(ヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン)(あすか製薬株式会社)5U(ユニット)を腹腔内に投与した。ゴナトロピン投与直後の雌マウス一匹ずつをC57BL/6J系統、雄マウス一匹ずつと交配し、翌朝、膣栓の確認できた雌マウスから卵管を生理食塩水(0.9%(w/v)NaCl)に回収し、ヒアルロニダーゼ(約300μg/ml,Sigma)入りKSOM又はmWM(ともにアークリソース株式会社より購入,http://www.ark-resource.co.jp/seihin/cryopreservation-liquid/)で卵管を還流し、得られた受精卵の卵丘細胞が除去されるのをまって、受精卵を回収した。ヒアルロニダーゼを除くため、受精卵をKSOM又はmWMの各培地で洗浄し、全ての雌マウスから受精卵を回収するまで37℃、5%CO2のインキュベータ内でKSOM中又はmWM(アークリソース株式会社)で維持した。なお、使用した2種の培地はマウス胚培養に用いられる代表的な培地であり、KSOMは、代表的な低グルコース含有培地であるのに対し、mWMは高グルコース含有培地である。
ALA未添加群のコントロールにおける37℃培養と35℃培養の発生率を比較すると、KSOMを用いた場合(表9・図5,表10・図6)、培養96時間後での胚盤胞への発生率は、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合(表9)は23%から4%へと、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合(表10)は56%から6%へと、それぞれ有意に低下し、mWMを用いた場合(表12・図7,表13・図8)でも、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合(表12)は35%から23%へと、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合(表13)は71%から49%へと、それぞれ有意に低下した。これらの結果から、本実験条件でのC57BL/6J受精卵の低温培養では発生の進行が障害されることが明らかとなった。
35℃培養条件下では、KSOMを用いた場合、ALA未添加群のコントロールにおける培養96時間後での胚盤胞への発生率は、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合は4%(表9)、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合は6%(表10)であるのに対し、1μM ALA添加群の発生率は、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合は10%(表9)、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合は15%(表10)となり、それぞれ有意に上昇した。一方、mWMを用いた場合、ALA未添加群のコントロールにおける培養96時間後での胚盤胞への発生率は、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合は23%(表12)、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合は49%(表13)であるのに対し、3μM ALA添加群の発生率は、受精卵(0時間)の数を100%とした場合は32%(表12)、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合は65%(表13)となり、それぞれ有意に上昇したが、KSOMと異なり、1μM ALA添加群の発生率では、有意な上昇は認められなかった(表12,13)。
C57BL/6J系統の雌マウス(3.9週齢~4.0週齢)にウマ絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(血清性性腺刺激ホルモン)(あすか製薬株式会社)5U(ユニット)を腹腔内に投与し、45~48時間後にゴナトロピン(ヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン)(あすか製薬株式会社)5U(ユニット)を腹腔内に投与し過排卵誘起を行った。ゴナトロピン投与15時間後に、開腹して卵管を回収した。ミネラルオイル中で、解剖針により卵管膨大部を切開し、卵子をmHTF培地(アークリソース株式会社)のドロップ中へ回収した。C57BL/6J雄マウスの精巣上体尾部から精子を回収し、mHTF培地中で40分から1時間37℃、5%CO2条件下で培養を行い、キャパシテーションを行った。回収した卵子の入った培地ドロップに精子を含むmHTF培地を2μlから4μl加え媒精し、37℃、5%CO2条件下で培養した。媒精後4時間から6時間後、受精卵をKSOM(アークリソース株式会社)又はmWM(アークリソース株式会社)で洗浄し、卵丘細胞や精子を取り除いた。一旦、全ての受精卵を回収するまで37℃、5%CO2のインキュベータ内でKSOM又はmWMで培養した。
ALA未添加群のコントロールである37℃、35.5℃、35℃での培養の発生率を比較すると、KSOMを用いた場合(表15,図9)、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合の培養120時間後での胚盤胞への発生率は、37℃で74%から、35.5℃で41%、35℃で24%へと、有意に低下した。mWMを用いた場合(表17、図10)も同様に、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合の培養96時間後での胚盤胞への発生率は、37℃で83%から、35.5℃で53%、35℃で25%へと、温度に依存して有意に低下した。これらの結果から、本実験条件でのC57BL/6Jの体外受精卵の低温培養では、自然交配から得られた受精卵と同様に、発生の進行が抑制されることが明らかとなった。
KSOMを用いた場合(表14及び表15)、35℃培養条件下(図11)では、ALA未添加群の培養120時間後での、受精後24時間後の2細胞期の胚の数を100%とした場合の胚盤胞への発生率は24%であるのに対し、1μM ALA添加群で36%、3μM ALA添加群で27%となり、35℃培養で1μM ALAを添加した場合に、胚盤胞への発生率が有意に上昇した。
<ALAによる発生率への影響>
発生が正常に進まない受精卵や胚においては、細胞内ヘム合成量の低下、すなわち、内在性の5-ALAとも供給不全によってエネルギー産生障害が惹起することで初期発生停止が引き起こされているのではないかということが考えられる。5-ALA、さらには鉄を補充することにより、発生率や受胎率を高めることができると考えられる。
自然交配及び体外受精の両方から得られたC57/BL6受精卵の体外(in vitro)発生系において、37℃での正常培養と比較して、35.5℃及び35℃の低温培養において、胚盤胞への発生率が低下し、発生抑制が認められた。特に、体外受精卵の胚培養において、温度依存的に胚盤胞への発生抑制が観察され(図9及び図10)、この系が低体温症による不妊モデルになりうることが示された。
本実験条件で、低温培養でのマウス胚発生へのALAの効果を検討したところ、自然交配から得られた受精卵及び体外受精卵のin vitro発生において、低温培養において、ALAが発生促進作用を示すことが確認された。特に、mWMを用いた場合に、強い促進作用を観察した。mWMは高グルコース培地であるのに対し、KSOMは低グルコース培地であることから、ALAの作用がグルコース依存的である可能性が考えられる。
本実験はマウス受精卵を用いたものであるが、低温での受精卵の発生は、不妊の原因の一つとされる低体温症と、類似したストレスが掛かった状態と推定され、ALAの服用が、低体温によるヒト不妊症の改善に有効である可能性が示された。
Claims (15)
- R1及びR2が、水素原子であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤。
- さらに、鉄化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤。
- 鉄化合物が、塩化第二鉄、三二酸化鉄、硫酸鉄、ピロリン酸第一鉄、クエン酸第一鉄、クエン酸鉄ナトリウム、クエン酸第一鉄ナトリウム、クエン酸鉄アンモニウム、ピロリン酸第二鉄、乳酸鉄、グルコン酸第一鉄、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸鉄ナトリウム、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸鉄アンモニウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸鉄ナトリウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸鉄アンモニウム、ジカルボキシメチルグルタミン酸鉄ナトリウム、ジカルボキシメチルグルタミン酸鉄アンモニウム、フマル酸第一鉄、酢酸鉄、シュウ酸鉄、コハク酸第一鉄、コハク酸クエン酸鉄ナトリウム、ヘム鉄、デキストラン鉄、トリエチレンテトラアミン鉄、ラクトフェリン鉄、トランスフェリン鉄、鉄クロロフィリンナトリウム、フェリチン鉄、含糖酸化鉄、及び硫化グリシン鉄から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤。
- 受胎率を高めることができることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤。
- 受精卵が、体外受精又は体内受精による受精卵であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤。
- さらに哺乳動物の受精卵の体外培養培地を含む受精卵発生率向上用培地であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤に受精卵を接触させることを特徴とする受精卵の正常発生率を向上する方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか記載の受精卵の正常発生率向上剤を対象雌親に投与することを特徴とする受精卵の正常発生率を向上する方法。
- さらに、c)哺乳動物の受精卵の体外培養培地を含むことを特徴とする請求項10記載の受精卵の正常発生率を向上するためのキット。
- 式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩と鉄化合物とを用いることを特徴とする請求項12記載の使用。
- 式(I)で示される化合物又はその塩と鉄化合物と哺乳動物の受精卵の体外培養培地とを用いることを特徴とする請求項13記載の使用。
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JP2016532451A JP6278491B2 (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-10 | 受精卵の正常発生率向上剤 |
CN201580033437.8A CN106661550B (zh) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-10 | 受精卵的正常发育率提高剂 |
HK17105063.2A HK1231506A1 (zh) | 2014-07-11 | 2017-05-19 | 提高受精卵正常發育率的試劑 |
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CN109136172B (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2022-02-11 | 苏州市立医院 | 提高囊胚率的小鼠精子体外培养试剂盒及其使用方法 |
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JPH06189650A (ja) | 1992-10-27 | 1994-07-12 | Akihisa Shinjo | 受胎率の向上方法 |
JPH08289779A (ja) | 1995-04-24 | 1996-11-05 | Kinousei Pepuchido Kenkyusho:Kk | 無血清培地及び体外受精卵の生産方法 |
JP3660026B2 (ja) | 1995-09-04 | 2005-06-15 | 扶桑薬品工業株式会社 | 体外受精用培地組成物 |
JP2001017160A (ja) | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-23 | Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd | 体外受精用培地組成物 |
JP4058509B2 (ja) | 2001-03-22 | 2008-03-12 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | ヒトを除く哺乳動物受精卵の発生率向上方法 |
JP3680130B2 (ja) | 2001-07-18 | 2005-08-10 | 独立行政法人農業・生物系特定産業技術研究機構 | ブタ胚の体外培養用培地及び培養方法 |
JP4754731B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2011-08-24 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 豚成育促進剤及び豚成育促進方法 |
KR101322259B1 (ko) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-10-28 | 에스비아이 파마 가부시키가이샤 | 5-아미노레불린산 혹은 그의 유도체, 또는 그들 염을 유효성분으로 하는 성인병의 예방·개선제 |
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CN106661550A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
CN106661550B (zh) | 2020-03-20 |
US20170157074A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
US9962350B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
EP3168296B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
HK1231506A1 (zh) | 2017-12-22 |
JPWO2016006260A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3168296A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
JP6278491B2 (ja) | 2018-02-14 |
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