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WO2016006004A1 - Production et utilisation de coulis de glace déshydratée - Google Patents

Production et utilisation de coulis de glace déshydratée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016006004A1
WO2016006004A1 PCT/IS2015/000001 IS2015000001W WO2016006004A1 WO 2016006004 A1 WO2016006004 A1 WO 2016006004A1 IS 2015000001 W IS2015000001 W IS 2015000001W WO 2016006004 A1 WO2016006004 A1 WO 2016006004A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ice
slurry
different
chamber
dewatered
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IS2015/000001
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2016006004A8 (fr
Inventor
Thorsteinn Ingi VIGLUNDSSON
Original Assignee
Viglundsson Thorsteinn Ingi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viglundsson Thorsteinn Ingi filed Critical Viglundsson Thorsteinn Ingi
Publication of WO2016006004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016006004A1/fr
Publication of WO2016006004A8 publication Critical patent/WO2016006004A8/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/06—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C5/00—Working or handling ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2301/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice
    • F25C2301/002—Producing ice slurries

Definitions

  • the quality and shelf-life of fresh food depends on many characteristics and conditions, especially factors such as hygiene and handling, during pre- and post-processing (from catch/sacrifice to in-house processing). Bacterial growth, enzyme activity, physical damage, dehydration, chemical reactions and contamination are the main causes of quality loss in fresh foods such as fish and chicken. The importance of precooling before processing and during transport to the consumer therefore cannot be over-emphasized and is gradually being better understood and accepted by the producers and consumers. Here the control of temperature during processing, storage and transport is the main issue.
  • the main obstacles to gaining the highest desirable shelf life of fresh food products during processing, storage and transport are high temperatures, temperature fluctuations and cross-contamination leading to higher loads of certain spoilage bacteria.
  • low temperatures such as below 0°C for fish and below 3°C for meat, there is a significant reduction in microbial growth rates and in the corresponding deterioration of the product due to microbial activity.
  • the current invention relates to new ways to use the highly desirable cooling, and non-drying properties of ice- slurry, by using it directly and separately on individual carcasses or food parts, where it can melt and leak off during the cooling, and thereby avoiding the problems associated with soaking the food components into a common cooling bath.
  • Ice-slurry also called slurry-ice, binary ice or liquid ice
  • Ice-slurry has been produced by crushing freshwater ice and mixing with water and salt or by generating ice crystals with a scraped heat exchanger, as well as with other methods.
  • the method of producing ice-slurry depends on its use, but most commonly applied in food processing, where the ice-slurry comes in direct contact with the food or where it must be pumped, a scraper type ice-slurry generator is used (Slurry-ice Based Cooling Systems Application Guide, http://www.epsltd.co.uk/slurry_ice.htm)
  • a brine solution at various temperatures goes into the generator at one end and ice is formed on the side walls, which is continuously scraped off and moved to the outlet at the other end of the generator. The scraping action also agitates the ice-slurry produced and keeps it flowing until it exits the generator.
  • Ice-slurry In the use of ice-slurry, it is typically pumped to the location where it is applied and used or being stored in a tank as an intermediate storage before being pumped to the location where it is applied. Ice-slurry is most commonly produced from water that contains different concentrations of solutes, such as salts, most commonly NaCl in different concentrations. The concentration of ice and salt as well as the freezing energy used is controlled during production and can change during pumping, mixing in the tank, or when being applied. The ice-slurry solution can have a different composition at the place of application, compared to when it was made.
  • the ice-crystals tend to be formed from only water molecules, excluding any solutes in the water and thereby in effect separating the solute molecules that will become more concentrated in the remaining-un-frozen water.
  • purified water can be obtained from melting the ice, whereas the solutes have also become isolated or concentrated in another fraction.
  • Obtaining large and pure, or purified ice- crystals that can easily be separated from the remaining liquid is therefore the key issue for many applications of ice-slurry (Bellas and Tassou, 2005).
  • Different separation techniques have been used for dewatering ice-slurry, including centrifugation and filtration such as thought by US Patent 5,816,057.
  • filtration is a simple and highly desirable technique to use for this purpose, it can be problematic since many filters tend to get clogged upon extended use and therefore lose their function, unless a special mechanism of cleaning or regeneration is included in the process.
  • the ice-slurry is first produced in ice-slurry generator, then transferred, typically by pumping into an accepting chamber, from where the ice-slurry is then transferred into a second chamber, where the ice-slurry is filtered and removing the liquid part and leaving behind an ice-slurry now dewatered or at least containing less liquid than before. Finally the ice-slurry is moved to the last chamber form where it is delivered or shot by pressure onto a targeted object. The ice-slurry adheres for some time and melts slowly, thereby cooling the object.
  • the targeted object can be any kind of perishable goods, such as animal carcass or any parts thereof, also other types of food products, such as fish, vegetables, fruits or also non-biological products.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of an apparatus that makes ice-slurry from aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved materials made of salts and/or other solutes, thereby making ice-slurry composed of a mixture of ice and liquid of different proportions.
  • the apparatus of the invention can furthermore contain other components such that the temperature of the produced ice-slurry can be controlled.
  • the invention furthermore contains components that allow separation of parts of the liquid-component from the ice-component in such a way that the ice-slurry so produced has a lower total concentration of the dissolved materials than was present in the original aqueous solutions used to feed into the apparatus.
  • the invention can also be used for desalination or for treating different kinds of wastewater, such as animal urine, to make purified water and concentrated solution of salts and other solutes found in the original liquid from where the ice-slurry was made.
  • wastewater such as animal urine
  • the invention can be made in such a way that the different actions performed to separate ice and liquid can all be performed in the same chamber but where different sides of the chamber can be opened or closed in such a way that the actions of receiving the ice-slurry, filtering the ice-slurry and finally delivering the dewatered ice-slurry to a target, can all be performed in one chamber.
  • the apparatus of the invention can be made by using any number of different materials available to those skilled in the art, or combination of different types of materials.
  • Such materials include, but are not limited to, various metals or metal alloys, or glass, or organic materials such as wood or synthetic materials such plastics.
  • the described chambers of the apparatus used to perform the necessary actions of the invention are positioned in separate plates or cylinders with a shaft running through them so that by turning the shaft different chambers can be opened or closed as needed to perform the actions described in the invention.
  • the apparatus can be controlled via a preprogrammed computer and software or as a coordinated task involving valves and switches coordinated beforehand and running in a prefixed/preprogrammed manner.
  • the measurement of salt, energy and other factors listed can be based on preprogrammed measurements in the system or through exact measurements in each chamber and pipelines leading to the chamber. Such measurements of the results of the chilling can be fed back to the control of the system to intensify and increase/decrease salt, energy, frequency of the delivery as well as length or volume of the chamber.
  • the ice-slurry is applied through a pipeline and used to cover pieces of fresh foodstuffs, such as of fish or chicken in a process chain or on a conveyor belt such that the amount of the ice-slurry applied and the time of contact of the ice-slurry with the pieces can be controlled. Furthermore in such a process chain or on a conveyor belt the temperature of the pieces can be monitored such as to control the temperature and contact- time of the ice-slurry in order to obtain the desired cooling of the pieces in the process. To ensure that the correct amount of ice is used, the quantity, temperature and mixture is calculated, mixed and then applied.
  • the apparatus is used to deliver or shoot a certain amount of ice-slurry, with the correct temperature, cooling energy, viscosity, salt content, frequency and amount to chill the foodstuff in the correct, predefined manner and at the correct area on the foodstuff.
  • the invention can be incorporated into a food processing chain, such as if attached to a conveyer belt that is moving animal carcasses, such as poultry, after slaughter and feather removal and by controlled delivering of dewatered ice-slurry onto a carcass can be used for rapid cooling and for controlling the temperature of the carcass parts in the process line.
  • the invention can be incorporated into a food processing chain, such as if attached to a conveyer belt that is moving parts of meat or fish between processing stations and by controlled delivering of dewatered ice-slurry onto the parts can be used to control the temperature of the food parts in the process line.
  • the apparatus is used to separate ice and liquid from an ice-slurry mixture and thereby delivering a clean portion of ice on one side and liquid with concentrated solutes in the other side.
  • the invention can be used in treating of wastewater, such as animal urine.
  • the invention also contemplates certain methods for carrying out concentrations of the soluble materials present in the original aqueous feed solution used for making the ice-slurry.
  • the invention can be used to increase the concentration of solutes before applying more expensive concentrations methods, such as ultrafiltration, distillation or drying.
  • the invention is a method for controlled precooling of foodstuffs before packaging in insulated packaging boxes for transport.
  • the invention can be used to make dewatered ice-slurry for incorporating into transport containers, such as to control the temperature of foodstuffs during storage and transportation.
  • the invention uses known chemical and physical principles to combine in a new way a set of actions and design of an apparatus that makes the actions possible and therefore useful and commercially viable.
  • the invention is therefore an efficient method and is expected to be useful and consequently to have large potential for industrial application and commercial use.
  • the current invention is thus non-obvious and provides a clear inventive step compared to prior art.
  • FIGURES show a drawing of the apparatus in a transection view with the three plates housing the different chambers and inlet and outlet pipes for different functions.
  • Figure 2 shows a drawing of the apparatus from the front viewing the front plate with the inlet and outlet pipes for different functions into the respective chambers. Also the position of the transect A-A indicated.
  • Figure 3 shows a drawing of the apparatus with view of the front plate and the middle plate with the broken lines indicating the chambers in the middle plate that can be rotated with the turning of the shaft.
  • FIG. 4 shows a drawing of the apparatus in whole and as being applied to deliver ice-slurry onto and into the cavities of a chicken hanging on a conveyer belt.
  • FIG. 5 shows a photograph of the apparatus being applied for cooling fresh chicken on a conveyer belt in real-life commercial settings.
  • the figure shows a real-life photograph of using a prototype apparatus of the invention to deliver the dewatered ice-slurry onto the surface of chicken carcass on a conveyer belt.
  • the chicken was treated in a commercial setting after it had been through a feather picking machine at 57°C, from where it goes onto the conveyer belt for removing of internal organs and opening of the neck along with the repeated washing in between.
  • the chicken then enters the cooling room where it is normally cooled by cold air and cold water spraying. It would be possible to station the apparatus of the invention at several places during this process. In this example the chickens were treated inside the cooling room but removed from the conveyer belt for the controlled demonstration.
  • Figure 6 shows how the dewatered ice-slurry adheres to the surface of the chicken and melts slowly and thereby cooling the surface of the carcass, as monitored by heat sensitive camera.
  • the bar on the bottom shows the color code scale of the temperature reading.
  • Figure 7 shows the cooling efficiency when dewatered ice-slurry of the invention is used for cooling a whole chicken as shown in Figure 5, compared to conventional cooling by a combined cold blast air and cold water spray.
  • the figure shows a temperature tracing of the internal temperature in the breast of the chickens shown in figure 5 when treated with dewatered ice-slurry of the invention.
  • a similar temperature tracing is shown for a chicken carcass when cooled by the traditional method of the commercial settings using cold air blowing and cold water spraying.
  • Figure 8 shows the cooling efficiency when dewatered ice-slurry of the invention is used for cooling a part of a fish as compared to conventional cooling by spraying with cold water or by soaking into a tank with normal ice-slurry.
  • the invention is used to separate ice and liquid from an ice-slurry in an efficient and continuous way and thereby delivering the so produced dewatered ice- slurry for use in rapid chilling of perishable products, such as meat and fish.
  • the invention can also be used for desalination and for concentration of solutes from polluted wastewater such as animal urine.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention adapted for continuously cooling food products will now be described in details with reference to the drawings and figures provided. Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. EXAMPLE 1
  • FIG. 1 shows a transection through the prototype version of the invention according to transect A- A in figure 2.
  • the function of the individual parts as numbered in the drawings in figures 1 to 5 are explained according to the following list:
  • Back plate of the apparatus housing the inlet tubes for ice-slurry (1), pressure air (10) and drive shaft (13).
  • Middle plate of the apparatus attached to and turned by the drive shaft and housing chambers that turn according to different operations to be performed.
  • the middle plate is shown in turning and carrying the ice-slurry at different stages in Figure 3.
  • Front plate of the apparatus also shown in front view in Figure 2, and housing openings for attaching tubes for different functions, see 6, 7, 8 and 9 below.
  • Tube for suction/vacuum to take in the primary wet ice-slurry Tube for suction/vacuum to take in the primary wet ice-slurry.
  • Tube for suction/vacuum to dewater ice-slurry according to the targeted consistency 7. Tube for optional operations if needed, such as more suction/vacuum to further dewatering, or adding water to wash the ice-slurry or to increase the temperature of the ice-slurry, or adding brine with higher salt concentration to decrease the temperature of the ice-slurry.
  • Opening/tube for delivering or shooting the dewatered ice-slurry by pressured air onto the target This can also be led by pipes to deliver the dewatered ice-slurry into other places, such as cavities as shown by no 14 in Figure 5.
  • Coupling mechanism for connecting and controlling the rotating function from an electric or air driven motor ( 13) to the apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 shows a drawing with a schematic view of the operation and how the dewatered ice-slurry can be delivered to different places and cavities of a chicken carcass where it adheres and melts slowly and thereby cooling the carcass.
  • This example demonstrates the use of the invention for cooling a part of a fish with dewatered ice-slurry, after the fish had been cut and was traveling along a conveyor belt in a commercial fish processing factory.
  • Enough dewatered ice-slurry was delivered on top of the fish part to cover about 80% of the fish part with about 5 mm layer of ice-slurry of the invention.
  • the ambient temperature in the factory was about 9°C when the experiment was done.
  • fish parts were also cooled with two types of traditional cooling methods, i.e. spraying with about 5 liters of cold water with 0.2% salt in order to reach 0°C and immersing the fish part into a plastic box with wet ice-slurry as produced before dewatering and as normally used in the factory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé qui préparent un coulis de glace déshydratée et des solutés concentrés dans le liquide drainé par séparation de la glace et d'un liquide de manière continue et régulée. L'appareil et le procédé selon l'invention fournissent en outre le coulis de glace déshydratée ainsi produit sur la surface et dans les cavités de produits périssables, tels que des carcasses d'animaux, où il adhère et fond lentement, ce qui permet d'obtenir un refroidissement rapide et, dans le cas de produits alimentaires, conduit à une meilleure qualité et à une durée de conservation de l'aliment plus longue.
PCT/IS2015/000001 2014-07-08 2015-07-08 Production et utilisation de coulis de glace déshydratée WO2016006004A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IS9051 2014-07-08
IS9051 2014-07-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016006004A1 true WO2016006004A1 (fr) 2016-01-14
WO2016006004A8 WO2016006004A8 (fr) 2016-07-14

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019175905A1 (fr) 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 Viglundsson Thorsteinn I Procédé et appareil de production de neige humide
KR20230067143A (ko) 2021-11-09 2023-05-16 조선대학교산학협력단 2차원 또는 3차원 물체의 표면에 극소수성/극친수성 패턴을 형성하는 방법 및 극소수성/극친수성 패턴을 갖는 기판

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803861A (en) * 1963-11-04 1974-04-16 N Ganiaris Crystallization concentration process
JPS5495047A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-07-27 Showa Tansan Kk Quickkfreezing method of food and its device
US4700547A (en) * 1985-04-25 1987-10-20 Takeshi Hayashi Method for instantly killing and cooling fish, and an apparatus for carrying out this method
US4845954A (en) * 1987-06-10 1989-07-11 Stal Refrigeration Ab Method and device for the manufacture of an ice slurry
US5035733A (en) * 1987-07-17 1991-07-30 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Ice storage and distribution unit
US5816057A (en) 1996-09-27 1998-10-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Horizontal cross flow filtration and rinsing of ice from saline slurries
US6233962B1 (en) * 1997-05-12 2001-05-22 Sir Worldwide, Llc Channeled freeze processing of non-solid materials
US6367285B1 (en) * 1997-06-13 2002-04-09 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Freeze-concentrating apparatus for aqueous solutions, ice pillar producing apparatus, and freeze-concentrating method for aqueous solutions
US6481220B2 (en) 2001-03-28 2002-11-19 Andrew Butler Carcass chilling process
US6825446B1 (en) 1999-08-31 2004-11-30 Skaginn Hf. Thermal processing chamber and a method of thermally processing products
WO2009002422A1 (fr) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 Enis Ben M Système de récupération de matières minérales pour le dessalement

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803861A (en) * 1963-11-04 1974-04-16 N Ganiaris Crystallization concentration process
JPS5495047A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-07-27 Showa Tansan Kk Quickkfreezing method of food and its device
US4700547A (en) * 1985-04-25 1987-10-20 Takeshi Hayashi Method for instantly killing and cooling fish, and an apparatus for carrying out this method
US4845954A (en) * 1987-06-10 1989-07-11 Stal Refrigeration Ab Method and device for the manufacture of an ice slurry
US5035733A (en) * 1987-07-17 1991-07-30 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Ice storage and distribution unit
US5816057A (en) 1996-09-27 1998-10-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Horizontal cross flow filtration and rinsing of ice from saline slurries
US6233962B1 (en) * 1997-05-12 2001-05-22 Sir Worldwide, Llc Channeled freeze processing of non-solid materials
US6367285B1 (en) * 1997-06-13 2002-04-09 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Freeze-concentrating apparatus for aqueous solutions, ice pillar producing apparatus, and freeze-concentrating method for aqueous solutions
US6825446B1 (en) 1999-08-31 2004-11-30 Skaginn Hf. Thermal processing chamber and a method of thermally processing products
US6481220B2 (en) 2001-03-28 2002-11-19 Andrew Butler Carcass chilling process
WO2009002422A1 (fr) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 Enis Ben M Système de récupération de matières minérales pour le dessalement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019175905A1 (fr) 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 Viglundsson Thorsteinn I Procédé et appareil de production de neige humide
US20210018238A1 (en) * 2018-03-13 2021-01-21 Thorsteinn I Viglundsson Method & Apparatus for making wet snow
KR20230067143A (ko) 2021-11-09 2023-05-16 조선대학교산학협력단 2차원 또는 3차원 물체의 표면에 극소수성/극친수성 패턴을 형성하는 방법 및 극소수성/극친수성 패턴을 갖는 기판

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