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WO2016044325A1 - Plaque de tangage optimisee pour convertisseur d'energie houlomotrice - Google Patents

Plaque de tangage optimisee pour convertisseur d'energie houlomotrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016044325A1
WO2016044325A1 PCT/US2015/050269 US2015050269W WO2016044325A1 WO 2016044325 A1 WO2016044325 A1 WO 2016044325A1 US 2015050269 W US2015050269 W US 2015050269W WO 2016044325 A1 WO2016044325 A1 WO 2016044325A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heave plate
motion
surface float
heave
inertia
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/050269
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Timothy R. MUNDON
Zachary Murphree
Antoine PEIFFER
Original Assignee
Oscilla Power Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oscilla Power Inc. filed Critical Oscilla Power Inc.
Priority claimed from US14/855,134 external-priority patent/US20160003214A1/en
Publication of WO2016044325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016044325A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
    • H10N35/101—Magnetostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. generators, sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • F05B2250/73—Shape asymmetric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • Heave plates have been used extensively in the offshore space in order to damp the heave response of a body in a wave environment.
  • the principle of operation is that the large plates, which are disposed such that their largest projected area is in a plane that is perpendicular to the heave direction, are attached below the surface of the water to limit (e.g., delay, dampen, decrease, etc.) motion in the heave direction.
  • This adds to the effective mass of the system by adding a considerable drag force to the system at the location of the plate.
  • the water around the plate must also be accelerated.
  • the device for converting wave energy includes a surface float, a heave plate, at least one load carrying structure that is mechanically coupled to at least one component of at least one generator on the surface float and the heave plate.
  • the heave plate has an asymmetric geometry to facilitate a first level of resistance to movement in an upward direction and a second level of resistance in a downward direction. The first level of resistance is higher than the second level of resistance.
  • the at least one load carrying structure includes a flexible tether.
  • the at least one component is configured to experience force changes caused by hydrodynamic forces acting on the surface float and heave plate.
  • the method for converting wave energy includes utilizing the motion of a body of water to apply hydrodynamic forces on a surface float and a heave plate, resulting in forces being applied to at least one generator mounted within the surface float resulting in electric power production by the generator.
  • the generators are deployed within a surface float are mechanically coupled to a heave plate by at least one flexible tether.
  • the heave plate includes an asymmetric geometry to facilitate a first level of resistance to movement in an upward direction and a second level of resistance in a downward direction. The first level of resistance is higher than the second level of resistance.
  • Other embodiments of methods for converting wave energy are also described.
  • the device for converting wave energy includes a surface float, a heave plate, at least three load carrying structures each of which are mechanically coupled to both the heave plate on one side and to at least one component of at least one generator mounted within the surface float on the other end.
  • the at least three load carrying structures each include a flexible tether.
  • the at least one component of at least one generator is configured to experience force changes caused by hydrodynamic forces acting on the surface float and heave plate.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a device for generating electricity for use with a heave plate.
  • Fig. 2 depicts one embodiment of a device for generating electricity with an asymmetric heave plate.
  • Fig. 3 depicts one embodiment of a device for generating electricity with an asymmetric heave plate from an alternate view.
  • Fig. 4 depicts one embodiment of a device for generating electricity with a slack safety line between the heave plate and the buoy.
  • Fig. 5 depicts one embodiment of an optimization surface showing a maximum balance of moment of inertia and mass ratios between a heave plate and a surface float that will maximize energy captured within a system.
  • Fig. 6 depicts one embodiment of a resulting RAO, with the top plot showing overall power response against frequency and the bottom plot showing heave and pitch power response.
  • Fig. 7 depicts a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a surface float and a heave plate tethered by flexible tethers.
  • Heave plates have been used extensively in the offshore space in order to damp the heave response of a body in a wave environment.
  • the principle of operation is that the large plates, which are disposed such that their largest projected area is in a plane that is perpendicular to the heave direction, are attached below the surface of the water to limit (e.g., delay, dampen, decrease, etc.) motion in the heave direction.
  • This increases the added mass of the system by adding a considerable drag force to the system at the location of the plate.
  • the water around the plate must also be accelerated.
  • the area and configuration of the plate are designed in order to optimize this increase in added mass.
  • the heave plate is also generally disposed at a depth where the motion of the waves is much more attenuated than at the surface. In some embodiments, the heave plate is disposed at a depth greater than 10 meters below the water surface.
  • Heave plates can be used in wave energy converters (WECs) to provide what is essentially an inertial reference for the device other than the ocean floor. This is important because WECs rely on relative motion caused by waves to produce energy. WEC systems that have used this concept in the past are spar buoys that include a heave plate as part of the spar structure, where the heave plate and spar buoy move relative to each other to create energy.
  • WECs wave energy converters
  • Embodiments described herein relate to a wave energy converter system with a heave plate.
  • the heave plate may be referred to as an optimized heave plate, wherein the optimization refers to a relative improvement over conventional heave plate implementations.
  • Some embodiments are related to a wave energy converter system where the heave plate has a moment of inertia in at least one mode of motion (e.g. pitch, roll, yaw, heave, sway, surge, etc.) that is significantly different than at least one surface float.
  • the heave plate may have moment of inertia in at least one mode of motion that is over 2 times that of at least one surface float.
  • the heave plate may have moment of inertia in at least one mode of motion that is over 5 times that of at least one surface float.
  • the added mass of the heave plate may be over 2 times, and preferably over 5 times that of at least one surface float.
  • the added mass of the heave plate may be over 2 times that of at least one surface float, and simultaneously a heave plate may have moment of inertia in at least one mode of motion that is over 2 times that of at least one surface float. In other embodiments, the added mass of the heave plate may be over 5 times that of at least one surface float, and simultaneously a heave plate may have moment of inertia in at least one mode of motion that is over 5 times that of at least one surface float.
  • One embodiment of a magnetostrictive wave energy harvester includes of a large float at the ocean surface tethered to a deeply submerged heave plate. The surface float reacts against the submerged heave plate to generate tension changes in the tethers, which are transmitted to magnetostrictive generators to produce power.
  • heave plates typically focus largely on heave plates for offshore spar platforms used in the oil and gas industry.
  • the primary areas of interest for offshore platforms were numerical simulation and experimental modeling to investigate the effects of a variety of parameters on heave plate performance. These parameters include plate thickness to width ratio, shape of plate edge, plate depth, oscillation frequency, effects of Keulegan-Carpenter number, hole size, and perforation ratio.
  • Some design parameters and/or approaches from conventional heave plate implementations, including some aspects of methodology and modeling techniques, may be useful in the design of heave plates for embodiments of magnetostrictive wave energy harvesters.
  • generator units are disposed on the surface float or within the surface float.
  • the flexible tethers are connected or otherwise mechanically coupled to a component of the generator. Additionally, the inclusion of multiple flexible tethers also has the potential to increase energy capture in additional movement modes.
  • An embodiment of a device is a taut-moored concept that could benefit greatly from the use of heave plates. This is different from conventional spar buoy implementations because the taut-moored implementation relies on the damped motion of the heave plate to create tension changes in the tether (not on the large relative motions necessary for other systems to create energy).
  • Fig. 1 depicts an embodiment of a device 100 for generating electricity for use with a heave plate 102.
  • the heave plate 102 is a simple plate with taut tether(s) 104 extending upwards that connect to a surface float 106, floating in water 108.
  • the plate 102 may be either a solid surface, or may contain perforations 112 or be perforated such that water 108 can flow through it, albeit it in a restricted manner.
  • One or more power take-off (PTO) modules 110 may be deployed in the float 106, along the tether 104, at the heave plate 102, or a combination of any of these three.
  • the tether system allows this heave plate 102 to be deployed deeper than those that are rigidly fixed to the buoy 106, which increases the effect of the heave damping.
  • the mass of the heave plate 102 is balanced against the buoyancy of the surface float 106 in order to maintain a tensile load in the tethers 104 across all expected wave conditions.
  • the frequency response of this system is also tuned such that the plate 102 does not respond to waves during normal operation, but will move in order to fully or partially accommodate extreme wave events, and will respond the very low frequency events such as tidal variation.
  • the heave plate has a natural period that is higher than the period of the most prevalent wave at the site in which the device is deployed. In some embodiments, the heave plate has a natural period that is at least 1.5 times higher than the period of the most prevalent wave at the site in which the device is deployed.
  • Fig. 1 also depicts an anchor 114 connected 1 16 to the heave plate 102.
  • the heave plate configuration greatly simplifies the mooring system of a taut- moored PTO module.
  • the plate allows replacement of one or more mooring points on the ocean floor with a single (or multiple) catenary system. Without the heave plate, the mooring itself must carry the entire load present in the tethers, which requires substantial engineering effort.
  • the heave plate system allows for the mooring point(s) to be sized in order to perform at a level sufficient for station-keeping, but does not have to carry the entire load.
  • the taut moorings of an embodiment of the system require that the tethers 104 always be maintained in tension. The highest probability of system failure occurs if the tethers are ever allowed to go slack. As the tension is reestablished after such a "slack event", a snap load will be applied to the system with potentially catastrophic consequences.
  • Some embodiments utilize flexible tethers to reduce or eliminate slack events. This also allows the surface float and the heave plate to rotate independently from each other and allows for maximizing and optimizing power capture of more than just a heave mode of motion. The heave plate 102 can be further tailored to help avoid such events. This may be accomplished by making the response of the heave plate asymmetric, such that the heave plate responds differently when the applied motion is up or down.
  • Fig. 2 depicts one embodiment of a device 100 for generating electricity with an asymmetric heave plate 202.
  • a plate 202 is more streamlined in one direction, i.e., the coefficient of drag is lower when the plate motion is in one direction.
  • This configuration might look similar to that depicted in Figure 2.
  • the plate entraps a significantly larger volume of water when the buoy 106 is pulling it towards the surface (the added mass of the displaced water with the plate is very large), but the plate 202 can move more easily downward as the tension is decreased (the added mass of the displaced water with the plate is relatively small in the downward direction).
  • the perforations 1 12 that are mentioned in the description of the symmetric plate 102 could also be tailored to be asymmetric 202, such that the perforations 112 themselves restrict the flow of water 108 in one direction more than the other. This could be accomplished by a specific orientation of angle-iron or some other three-dimensional plate configuration.
  • Fig. 3 depicts one embodiment of a device 100 for generating electricity with an asymmetric heave plate 202 from an alternate view.
  • Fig. 3 depicts many of the same features as Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 4 depicts one embodiment of a device 100 for generating electricity with a slack safety line 122 between the heave plate 102 and the buoy 106.
  • the configuration may also be modified to accommodate any number of PTO modules, for example, a single large PTO module 1 10, as shown in Figure 4.
  • This embodiment also includes a slack safety line 122 between the heave plate 102 and the buoy 106 that would only engage in the event that the taut connection between the plate 102 and buoy 106 failed.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a device for generating electricity, the device comprising: at least one magnetostrictive element, at least one buoyant device (or buoy), at least one heave plate and when deployed in a body of water, the interaction of waves with at least one buoy causes changes in the strain of one or more magnetostrictive elements; and one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits within the vicinity of one or more of the magnetostrictive elements, wherein a corresponding change in magnetic flux density in the one or more magnetostrictive elements generates an electric voltage and/or electric current in the one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits, wherein there is no substantial relative motion between the one or more magnetostrictive elements and the one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits.
  • Some embodiments may further comprise at least one anchor device located in a substantially fixed location below a surface of the body of water, wherein a first end of the buoy or a first end of the heave plate is coupled to the anchor device.
  • Some embodiments may further comprise at least one rigid tether coupled between the one or more magnetostrictive elements and the buoyant device. Some embodiments may further comprise at least one flexible tether coupled between the one or more elements. In some embodiments, the elements are not magnetostrictive elements.
  • Some embodiments may comprise at least one battery coupled to the one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits, the battery to store at least some of the electrical energy generated in the one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits.
  • the at least one magnetostrictive element may be part of at least one magnetic flux path.
  • the at least one magnetostrictive element may be part of at least one substantially closed magnetic flux path with all components in the flux path having a relative permeability in excess of 10. In some preferred embodiments, the at least one magnetostrictive element may be part of at least one substantially closed magnetic flux path with all components in the flux path having a relative permeability in excess of 50.
  • each of the one or more magnetostrictive elements comprises a magnetostrictive rod.
  • At least one electrically conductive coil or circuit comprises a polymer coated copper coil wrapped around the magnetostrictive rod.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a method for generating electricity, the method comprising: utilizing the motion of a body of water, including wave motion, to cause changes in the strain of one or more magnetostrictive elements deployed with one end mechanically coupled to a buoyant device (or buoy) and the other end mechanically coupled to a heave plate; and using a corresponding change in magnetic flux density in the magnetostrictive elements to generate an electric voltage and/or electric current in one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits that are in the vicinity of the magnetostrictive elements, wherein there is no substantial relative motion between the one or more magnetostrictive elements and the one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits.
  • Some embodiments comprise utilizing the motion of the body of water, including the wave motion, comprises utilizing motion of one or more buoys, which in turn causes changes in the strain of one or more magnetostrictive elements to which one or more buoys and/or heave plates may be coupled mechanically; and using a corresponding change in magnetic flux density in the magnetostrictive elements to generate an electric voltage and/or electric current in one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits that are in the vicinity of the magnetostrictive elements.
  • Some embodiments comprise a device for generating electricity, wherein the device comprises: a buoy deployed in a body of water; a magnetostrictive element mechanically coupled to at least one buoy and at least one heave plate, wherein the motion of the body of water, including wave motion, causes motion of the buoy, which in turn causes changes in the strain of the magnetostrictive element; and an electrically conductive coil or circuit within the vicinity of the magnetostrictive element, wherein a corresponding change in magnetic flux density in the magnetostrictive element generates an electric voltage and/or electric current in the electrically conductive coil or circuit, wherein there is no substantial relative motion between the one or more magnetostrictive elements and the one or more electrically conductive coils or circuits.
  • Fig. 5 depicts one embodiment of an optimization surface showing a maximum balance of moment of inertia and mass ratios between a heave plate and a surface float that will maximize energy captured within a system.
  • Changing the ratio of the moment of inertias of the heave plate and surface float affect the energy captured by a device as the modes of motion of the surface float and the heave plate with create oscillating. This also occurs by changing the mass ratio between the surface float and the heave plate.
  • energy captured is maximized when the ratio of the moment of inertia of the surface float and the moment of inertia of the heave plate is below 1.0.
  • Fig. 6 depicts one embodiment of a resulting RAO, with the top plot showing overall power response against frequency and the bottom plot showing heave and pitch power response. The bottom plot depicts the heave power response 602 and the pitch power response 604.
  • Fig. 7 depicts a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a surface float and a heave plate tethered by flexible tethers.
  • the flexible tethers allow for the surface float and the heave plate to move out of sequence during the various modes of motion that a surface float and heave plate would be subjected to.
  • buoyant structure buoyant device, and surface float are sometimes used interchangeably.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion d'énergie houlomotrice qui comprend un flotteur de surface, une plaque de tangage, au moins une structure de support de charge qui est couplée mécaniquement à au moins un composant d'au moins un générateur sur le flotteur de surface et la plaque de tangage. La plaque de tangage présente une géométrie asymétrique qui facilite un premier niveau de résistance au mouvement dans une direction montante, et un second niveau de résistance dans une direction descendante. Le premier niveau de résistance est supérieur au second niveau de résistance. La/les structure(s) de support de charge comprend/comprennent une attache flexible. Le(s) composant(s) est/sont configuré(s) pour subir des changements de force provoqués par les forces hydrodynamiques agissant sur le flotteur de surface et la plaque de tangage.
PCT/US2015/050269 2014-09-15 2015-09-15 Plaque de tangage optimisee pour convertisseur d'energie houlomotrice WO2016044325A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462050748P 2014-09-15 2014-09-15
US62/050,748 2014-09-15
US14/855,134 2015-09-15
US14/855,134 US20160003214A1 (en) 2012-06-26 2015-09-15 Optimized heave plate for wave energy converter

Publications (1)

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WO2016044325A1 true WO2016044325A1 (fr) 2016-03-24

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3054616A1 (fr) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-02 Anthony Roubaud Dispositif de transformation d'un mouvement de houle d'une etendue d'eau en energie transportable
US11130097B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2021-09-28 Oneka Technologies System and method for desalination of water by reverse osmosis
NO20210005A1 (en) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-05 North Innovation As A system for motion damping of a floating marine structure, an arrangement, a method and use of such system
CN117550018A (zh) * 2024-01-12 2024-02-13 集美大学 一种波浪能发电浮标及其可变面积垂荡板和控制方法

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US6229225B1 (en) * 1997-05-08 2001-05-08 Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. Surface wave energy capture system
US6392314B1 (en) * 1997-12-03 2002-05-21 William Dick Wave energy converter
WO2011062576A1 (fr) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et système de prise de force
US20120247096A1 (en) * 2011-03-28 2012-10-04 Gerber James S Wave energy converter with asymmetrical float
US20120247809A1 (en) * 2011-03-28 2012-10-04 Stewart David B Ball and socket power cable connector
US20130341927A1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2013-12-26 Oscilla Power Inc. Magnetostrictive wave energy harvester with heave plate
US20140232116A1 (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-08-21 University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization Heave plates that produce large rates of change in tether tension without going slack, and associated systems and methods
US8826658B2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2014-09-09 Marine Power Systems Limited Wave powered generator

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6229225B1 (en) * 1997-05-08 2001-05-08 Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. Surface wave energy capture system
US6392314B1 (en) * 1997-12-03 2002-05-21 William Dick Wave energy converter
US8826658B2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2014-09-09 Marine Power Systems Limited Wave powered generator
WO2011062576A1 (fr) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et système de prise de force
US20120247096A1 (en) * 2011-03-28 2012-10-04 Gerber James S Wave energy converter with asymmetrical float
US20120247809A1 (en) * 2011-03-28 2012-10-04 Stewart David B Ball and socket power cable connector
US20130341927A1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2013-12-26 Oscilla Power Inc. Magnetostrictive wave energy harvester with heave plate
US20140232116A1 (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-08-21 University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization Heave plates that produce large rates of change in tether tension without going slack, and associated systems and methods

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11130097B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2021-09-28 Oneka Technologies System and method for desalination of water by reverse osmosis
FR3054616A1 (fr) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-02 Anthony Roubaud Dispositif de transformation d'un mouvement de houle d'une etendue d'eau en energie transportable
NO20210005A1 (en) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-05 North Innovation As A system for motion damping of a floating marine structure, an arrangement, a method and use of such system
WO2022146142A1 (fr) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-07 North Innovation As Système d'amortissement de mouvement d'une structure maritime flottante, arrangement, procédé et utilisation d'un tel système
NO347611B1 (en) * 2021-01-04 2024-01-29 North Innovation As A system for motion damping of a floating marine structure, an arrangement, a method and use of such system
CN117550018A (zh) * 2024-01-12 2024-02-13 集美大学 一种波浪能发电浮标及其可变面积垂荡板和控制方法
CN117550018B (zh) * 2024-01-12 2024-04-23 集美大学 一种波浪能发电浮标及其可变面积垂荡板和控制方法

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