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WO2015117819A1 - Dispositif de conduction de l'énergie électrique et/ou thermique - Google Patents

Dispositif de conduction de l'énergie électrique et/ou thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015117819A1
WO2015117819A1 PCT/EP2015/051087 EP2015051087W WO2015117819A1 WO 2015117819 A1 WO2015117819 A1 WO 2015117819A1 EP 2015051087 W EP2015051087 W EP 2015051087W WO 2015117819 A1 WO2015117819 A1 WO 2015117819A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
textile
carbon structures
structures
nanoscale carbon
nanoscale
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/051087
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andre DÖLLING
Werner Hartmann
Hans-Peter KRÄMER
Anne KUHNERT
Peter Kummeth
Christian Schacherer
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2015117819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015117819A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for conducting electrical and / or thermal energy, comprising at least one electrically and / or thermally conductive conductor element.
  • Such devices are, for example, electrical lines. Be of such devices in particular in the range of high power applications, placed ever increasing requirements: Thus, for example, high current capabilities, by which the maximum current flow is related to the cross-sectional area to verste ⁇ hen demanded. High current carrying capacities allow a lower cost of materials and thus extend the "De ⁇ Sign mergeen" of respective devices implementing applications.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a verbes ⁇ serte device for conducting electrical and / or thermal energy.
  • the object is achieved by a device of the genann ⁇ th kind that is inventively characterized auszeich ⁇ net, that the at least one conductor element is made of combined to form at least one textile nanoscale carbon structures formed or comprises at least a textile together aggregated nanoscale carbon structures.
  • the principle of the invention relates to a special Vorrich ⁇ device for conducting or transmitting electrical energy, ie in particular electrical current, and / or thermal energy, ie in particular heat.
  • the Vorrich ⁇ tung may be formed or include such THEREFORE, for example, as an electrically conductive cable or contact member and / or a thermally conductive cables or contact element.
  • the device has at least one electrically or thermally conductive conductor element.
  • the conductor element is thus formed structurally in such a way that it comprises electrically routing ⁇ enabled or thermally conductive properties.
  • the conductor element has a special structural design, as it is formed from nano-scale carbon structures combined to form at least one textile or nanoscale carbon fibers combined to form at least one textile. Includes fabric structures.
  • a corresponding ladder element is therefore formed as a textile or comprises a textile.
  • Corresponding textiles may be textile yarns or textile tapes, for example.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures combined to form a textile can therefore be at least partially combined to form at least one textile yarn.
  • the Tex ⁇ tilgarne can at least partially turned inside ( "twisted") in.
  • the aggregated into a textile nanoscale carbon structures can at least partially be at least a textile band ⁇ summarized.
  • corresponding conductor elements may at least partially, in particular completely, as Textile ⁇ yarns or textile tapes are present or include such.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures combined to form a textile usually have roundish and, in the variant of the textile tape, generally quadrangular, in particular rectangular, cross sections.
  • the cross section of the nanoscale carbon structures combined to form a textile is to be selected in particular with regard to a concrete application of the device.
  • Nanoscale carbon structures are to be understood in particular as so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
  • CNTs carbon nanotubes
  • the nanoscale carbon structures are typically in tubular structures before or are designed as such.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures are present in other, ie, for example spherical, structures or are formed as such.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures may therefore also be fullerenes, for example.
  • nanoscale indicates the dimensions or Mo ⁇ leküliere the textiles to corresponding galleryzului- the carbon structures towards which typically are in a range between 1 and 100 nm. Of course, exceptions, in particular upward, conceivable.
  • corresponding carbon structures offer very high electrical as well as thermal conductivities, ie conversely very low electrical as well as thermal resistances. Also show corresponding structures Kohlenstoffstruk- a low resistance temperature coefficient and a high chemical, mechanical, ie in particular the train ⁇ strength in question, and thermal stability. In addition, corresponding carbon structures have a comparatively low weight due to their comparatively low density. All in all, an improved device for conducting electrical and / or thermal energy is realized by the principle according to the invention. In the following, exemplary embodiments of the device will be described in greater detail. In addition to the embodiment in which the device comprises at least one at least partially exposed cauliflowerendes Leiterele ⁇ ment, are in particular the following paragraphsfor- men:
  • the carbon structural ⁇ structures at least partially, in particular completely embedded in a matrix material formed by at least one matrix or contained.
  • the matrix material surrounds the carbon structures directly.
  • the matrix can serve as a protection of the carbon structures, in particular mechanical, stresses.
  • Suitable matrix materials include both electrically conductive and electrically insulating materials.
  • An electrically conductive matrix material may be, for example, a metal or a metal alloy, reference being made, by way of example only, to aluminum or copper or corresponding alloys.
  • An electrically conductive matrix material can of course also be an electrically conductive plastic.
  • it may Han your is a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, wherein only exemplary referenced thermosetting epoxy resins ⁇ .
  • the carbon structures are accommodated at least in sections, in particular completely, in a receiving space of a receiving element formed by at least one receiving element material .
  • the Koh ⁇ lenstoff Quilt füren THEREFORE may be encapsulated by a corresponding receptacle element.
  • the receiving element may be, for example, a tubular, sheath or sleeve-like component.
  • the receiving element may be formed from an electrically conductive, electrically insulating or semiconductingêtelementma material. Also in this context, particular reference is made to metals and plastics. In addition, however are the formation of the receiving element, other mate ⁇ rials or material groups, such as glasses and ceramics, conceivable.
  • the receiving element may be at least partially enclose the carbon structures, wherein these immediately ⁇ taktiert kon. Consequently, there can be a direct, in particular electrically or thermally conductive, contact between the walls of the receiving element delimiting the receiving space and the carbon structures.
  • At least in sections at least one gap is formed between the receiving space delimiting walls of the receiving element and the nanoscale carbon structures.
  • the receiving space or gap space can be at least partially filled with a beechi ⁇ gen solid, liquid or gaseous fill material. It is also possible, if appropriate, possible that in the receiving space or gap a certain pressure level, ie in particular an overpressure or underpressure, is applied The receiving space or gap can therefore also be evacuated.
  • the carbon structures are at least ab Songswei ⁇ se applied to a carrier element.
  • the carbon ⁇ structures may be applied, for example, THEREFORE on an exposed outer surface of a support member.
  • the application includes a stable, ie realized by means of positive and / or positive and / or cohesive fastening techniques, attachment of the carbon structures on the support element.
  • the carrier element can accordingly be wrapped in sections with the carbon structures.
  • An attachment of the carbon structures on the support element can e.g. via gluing, clamping or soldering.
  • a corresponding carrier element can be solid. Conceivable, however, it is also possible that the support member is at least partially formed as an at least one cavity ⁇ limit of the hollow body.
  • the hollow body as keptbil ⁇ finished carrier element can THEREFORE one or more, optionally communicating with each other, delimit cavities.
  • the at least one or a particular cavity may be defined by a cooling fluid, i. a cooling liquid, e.g. Water, or a cooling gas, e.g. cooled carbon dioxide,
  • a cooling fluid i. a cooling liquid, e.g. Water
  • a cooling gas e.g. cooled carbon dioxide
  • the carrier element res ⁇ pective on this applied carbon structures can therefore be well cooled, which may be appropriate in view of certain operating conditions of the device according to the invention. Cooling makes it possible, in particular, to increase the so-called “engineering current density", ie the current carrying capacity relative to the entire cross section of the device.
  • a concrete embodiment of a carrier element may e.g. a flexible textile tape, a rope or a pipe.
  • At least one electrically and / or thermally conductive contact element can be arranged on at least one carbon structure for electrical and / or thermal contacting with at least one third object.
  • clamping and / or pressing contacts where appropriate intermediate layers made of electrically conductive or thermally conductive materials, such as, for example, Indium (alloys), can be provided.
  • a corresponding contacting e.g. be realized via electrically and / or thermally conductive adhesive or solder joints, sliding contacts, etc.
  • a respective contact element from coals ⁇ cloth or carbon compounds or on carbon or carbon compounds is formed based or which in- se.
  • the contact element may therefore be formed, for example, from graphite or comprise graphite.
  • the contact element comprises those carbon structures which also form or comprise the conductor element, these being embedded in a structure formed, for example, from graphite.
  • Kohlenstoffstruktu ⁇ ren may have been embedded in a graphite block THEREFORE, for example during a sintering process.
  • the bias of the nanoscale carbon structures may be followed by biasing this before their combination into one textile ER, and therefore can prestressed, nanoscale carbon structures ⁇ be combined to form a fabric.
  • the bias of the nanoscale carbon structures can only take place in the state combined into a textile.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a device 1 for Lei ⁇ th or transmitting electrical and / or thermal energy according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the device 1 can therefore be present as a cable or line for conducting electrical energy, ie in particular electrical current, and / or thermal energy, ie in particular heat.
  • the device 1 has a conductor element 2.
  • the conductor ⁇ element 2 is formed of an electrically and thermally conductive material.
  • these are nanoska ⁇ celled carbon structures, in particular reindeer Kohlenstoffnanoröh-.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures are to a
  • the textile is a textile yarn.
  • the conductor element 2 is therefore as a textile yarn in front.
  • the textile yarn can be twisted ("twisted") at least in sections.
  • the conductor element 2 would therefore be present in this case as a textile tape.
  • a corresponding textile yarn and to a corresponding textile tape this or several such can be combined to form one, for example a fabric, knit or knit-like, flat textile body.
  • the conductor element 2 could therefore also be present as such a flat textile body.
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the device 1 here has a plurality of substantially parallel aligned conductor elements 2.
  • the conductor ⁇ elements 2 are contained in a matrix 3 and thus UNMIT ⁇ telbar embedded in a matrix material or immediately surrounded by a matrix material.
  • the matrix material is an electrically conductive, metallic material, i. e.g. around aluminum or copper.
  • the matrix material it is also conceivable for the matrix material to be a thermoset or thermoplastic plastic which is mixed, if appropriate, with electrically and / or thermally conductive particles.
  • the production of the apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2 can take place, for example, via an extrusion process, in particular via a co-extrusion process. Equally is , see it, for example, conceivable, the device 1 by dipping or soaking the lead frames 2 in the matrix material ⁇ forth. Due to the textile structure of the respective Porterele ⁇ elements 2 an intimate and stable connection of this with the surrounding matrix material is possible. The textile structure of the conductor elements 2 thus takes into account the hitherto difficult formation of stable connections between metals, ie in particular aluminum and copper, and individually, ie not as textile, carbon structures that are present. Without a corresponding compound, the transition of electrical and / or thermal energy from corresponding carbon structures to the matrix material is severely hampered, which eliminates the promising possibilities of using nanoscale carbon structures.
  • Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the conductor elements 2 here in a receiving space 4 of a tubular or sleeve-like receiving element 5.
  • the receiving element 5 may be made in several parts.
  • Recording element can therefore be formed from several noteselementseg ⁇ elements, which are connected to form the dividendele ⁇ element 5 together.
  • the principle also as a support structure to erachtende receiving member 5, ie, for example, formed of an electrically conductive, metalli ⁇ rule receiving element material of aluminum or copper.
  • electrically conductive plastics are conceivable.
  • the device 1 can be produced, for example, by introducing the conductor elements 2 into the receiving element-side receiving space 4.
  • Ferti ⁇ supply technically the device 1 can be manufactured in such a way so that a loose in a corresponding receiving member 5 is mounted conductor element 2 is extruded.
  • extrusion is, in particular by a
  • Cross-section reduction formed a press or crimp, which the conductor element 2 over its entire length non-positively and positively with the receiving element 5 ver ⁇ binds.
  • the dimensions of the receiving element 5 are so to currency ⁇ len, that the textile structure of the conductor element 2 is not damaged during the extrusion.
  • the conductor element 2 formed from the carbon structures combined to form a textile must not break. Similarly, it must not be stretched so far that no required for the conduction of electrical and / or thermal energy cross section remains.
  • the gap space may be formed between the conductor element 2 and to the receiving space 4 delimiting walls of the receiving member 5 also extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the conductor element 2 ⁇ the gap space may be formed.
  • the gap can at least in sections with electrically or thermally conductive or electrically or thermally insulating materials, ie, for example, be filled with metals, plastics, ceramics or glasses. It is also conceivable that a certain positive or negative pressure is applied in such a gap. Through the gap space, a cooling fluid can likewise be conducted for cooling the conductor element 2 or the device 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a central region of the device 1 there is no continuous, but discontinuous or discre ⁇ electric as well as thermal contact between the conductor element 2 and the receiving space 4 bounding walls of the receiving element 5 ,
  • ⁇ cut as a discontinuous contact area between the conductor element 2 and to the receiving space 4 delimiting walls of the receiving element.
  • contact elements 6 are provided here.
  • the contact elements 6 are arranged at certain positio ⁇ NEN the longitudinal axis of the conductor element 2, and it ⁇ extend radially between the conductor element 2 and to the receiving space 4 delimiting walls of the receiving element. 5
  • the contact elements 6 may be formed of nanoscale carbon ⁇ structures or include such. Specifically, corresponding contact elements 6 of tubular carbon ⁇ material structures which, for example in the context of a sintering process, have been embedded in a graphite block, be formed. It is conceivable to embed also corresponding contact elements 6 in Kera ⁇ mix or metallic materials.
  • Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the conductor element 2 is here largely exposed.
  • the respective free ends of the conductor element 2 are connected both electrically and thermally conductively with terminal-like contact elements 6, so-called clamping contacts.
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the conductor element 2 is not a textile yarn but a flat textile body in the form of a woven fabric.
  • the conductor element 2 is here on the outer peripheral side on a
  • Carrier element 7 applied.
  • the application involves a stable, i. realized by means of cohesive fastening techniques, attachment of the conductor element 2 on the carrier element 7.
  • the attachment can therefore be realized via an adhesive or solder joint.
  • electrically as well as thermally conductive adhesive or solder are used.
  • the carrier element 7 is designed as a hollow body, ie it defines a cavity 8. Due to the circular cross-section, the carrier element 7 is therefore a tube.
  • the cavity 8 is of a cooling fluid, ie a cooling liquid, such as. As water, or a cooling gas, such as cooled carbon dioxide, flows through.
  • the carrier element 7 or the Lei ⁇ terelement 2 applied to this can be cooled accordingly.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the support element 7 is designed here massively, that it be ⁇ borders no cavity 8.
  • the support element 7 can be, for example THEREFORE around a pole. It would also be possible an embodiment of the carrier element 7 as a flexible textile tape or rope.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a device 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • a plurality of conductor elements 2 introduced into a respective receiving element 5 (cf., the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • corresponding conductor elements 2, z. B. in the manner of a braided rope, be twisted into each other.
  • a desired cross section and thus a desired electrical as well as thermal carrying capacity of the device 1 can be realized by a suitable number of corresponding conductor elements 2.
  • FIG. 8 it can be shown that in principle several of the embodiments of the device 1 shown in the figures can be combined to form an electrical or thermal conductor.
  • the nanoscale carbon structures can be mechanically biased. Accordingly, a tensile force can be applied to the nanoscale carbon structures, which causes an increase in the electrical or thermal conductivity.
  • the electrical as well as the thermal properties of the conductor elements 2 or of the device 1 can be influenced in a targeted manner overall.
  • the following advantages are provided by the principle according to the invention: Lower heating can be achieved for the same cross section of the device 1, ie for the same conductor cross section. Accordingly, the conductor cross-section can be reduced with the same loss-performance-induced heating of the device 1. In addition, a reduction in the cross-section of the conductor leads to extended application-related "design freedoms".

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de conduction de l'énergie électrique et/ou thermique, qui comprend au moins élément de conduction (2) électriquement et/ou thermiquement conducteur, l'au moins un élément de conduction (2) étant constitué de structures de carbone nanométriques combinées pour former au moins un textile ou comportant des structures de carbone nanométriques combinées pour former au moins un textile.
PCT/EP2015/051087 2014-02-06 2015-01-21 Dispositif de conduction de l'énergie électrique et/ou thermique WO2015117819A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014202153.7 2014-02-06
DE102014202153.7A DE102014202153A1 (de) 2014-02-06 2014-02-06 Vorrichtung zum Leiten von elektrischer und/oder thermischer Energie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015117819A1 true WO2015117819A1 (fr) 2015-08-13

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PCT/EP2015/051087 WO2015117819A1 (fr) 2014-02-06 2015-01-21 Dispositif de conduction de l'énergie électrique et/ou thermique

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DE (1) DE102014202153A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015117819A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040159833A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-08-19 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
JP2008277077A (ja) * 2007-04-27 2008-11-13 Yyl:Kk Ｃｎｔを用いた低抵抗素線及びその製造方法
WO2009137722A1 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. Câbles électriques coaxiaux à base de nanotube de carbone et câblage électrique
US20110005808A1 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. Hybrid Conductors and Method of Making Same
WO2013045936A1 (fr) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Matériaux et procédés permettant d'isoler des fibres conductrices et produits isolés
US20130183439A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 John A. Starkovich Carbon nanotube conductor with enhanced electrical conductivity

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040159833A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-08-19 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
JP2008277077A (ja) * 2007-04-27 2008-11-13 Yyl:Kk Ｃｎｔを用いた低抵抗素線及びその製造方法
WO2009137722A1 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. Câbles électriques coaxiaux à base de nanotube de carbone et câblage électrique
US20110005808A1 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. Hybrid Conductors and Method of Making Same
WO2013045936A1 (fr) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Matériaux et procédés permettant d'isoler des fibres conductrices et produits isolés
US20130183439A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 John A. Starkovich Carbon nanotube conductor with enhanced electrical conductivity

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