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WO2015090204A1 - 一种利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法 Download PDF

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WO2015090204A1
WO2015090204A1 PCT/CN2014/094097 CN2014094097W WO2015090204A1 WO 2015090204 A1 WO2015090204 A1 WO 2015090204A1 CN 2014094097 W CN2014094097 W CN 2014094097W WO 2015090204 A1 WO2015090204 A1 WO 2015090204A1
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feed additive
feed
biological feed
cassava
cassava residue
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PCT/CN2014/094097
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄景明
林国友
罗永城
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深圳市诺正投资有限公司
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Publication of WO2015090204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015090204A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of bioengineering, and in particular relates to a method for producing biological feed additives by using industrial waste.
  • feed additives are developing in an efficient, safe, environmentally friendly and multi-functional direction, especially the introduction of biotechnology.
  • the feed additive industry will enter a new historical stage – the biological feed additive stage, using industrial waste to produce biological feed, reducing waste. Material pollution and lower production costs are an important issue.
  • the straw powder is dried and granulated to form a finished product.
  • the invention has the advantages that the recovered alcohol waste sputum filtrate contains more nutrients such as protein, amino acid and vitamins, improves the quality of the feed, and the feed cost is lower, which is 50% of other feeds.
  • its shortcoming is that the nutritional value is relatively low.
  • the sugar factory alcohol waste liquid is the waste liquid discharged from the sugar product by-product molasses after fermentation and distillation to produce alcohol. The discharge is the alcohol production.
  • COD is as high as 40,000-50,000 mg/L
  • BOD is as high as 20,000-30,000 mg/L, which is rich in many amino acids, proteins, sugars and inorganic salts, and its emissions cause serious environmental pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the defects of the prior art mentioned above, and provide a odor-free, low-cost, high-nutrition value, and the production of biological feed additives by using cassava residue and alcohol waste mash as fermentation raw materials.
  • the present invention is implemented as follows:
  • the invention discloses a method for producing a biological feed additive by using cassava residue and alcohol waste sputum, and mixing and mixing the alcohol waste mash and the cassava slag according to a weight ratio of 5 to 10..3 to 4, sterilizing and connecting the strain, and connecting
  • the strains are prepared by the number of bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger 1-2..1 ⁇ 3..1 ⁇ 4, and the strain is 5-10% of the weight of the moist cassava residue mixture. Fermentation is then carried out, and the fermented cassava residue mixture is dried to finally obtain a biological feed additive containing a large amount of microbial cells.
  • the invention selects cassava slag and alcohol waste sputum as raw materials, and the cassava slag contains more starch, and the alcohol waste sputum contains more organic matter, because the main components between the raw materials just play a complementary synergistic effect.
  • the two complement each other, not only to ensure that the fermentation process provides sufficient nutrition, but also to improve the efficiency of fermentation, so that the fermentation time can be as low as 5 days.
  • Bacillus subtilis Cohn, Baclicus lincheniformis, and Aspergillus niger selectively ferment cassava slag and alcohol waste sputum, respectively, and synergistically improve fermentation efficiency. It also eliminates the odor of the fermented feed, and the fermentation time does not exceed 10 days.
  • the fermentation time described above is controlled from 5 days to 10 days.
  • the temperature control in the above-mentioned fermentation process is controlled at 50 to 60 °C.
  • the cellulose in the cassava residue is degraded, and the protein is converted into amino acids that are easily absorbed by the animal, and a high-quality biological feed additive is produced, which can replace part of the full-price feed.
  • the crude feed protein produced by the biological feed additive is ⁇ 16%
  • the amino acid is ⁇ 1.6%
  • the bacillus contains probiotics ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 105, which can ensure sufficient nutrition and is highly domesticated in the fermentation with a pH of about 3.0. It is beneficial to promote the growth of the stomach acid through the culture of the object, while inhibiting the production of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and skatole, and improving the air environment of the farm.
  • NH3 ammonia
  • H2S hydrogen sulfide
  • the alcohol waste mash and the cassava residue are mixed and mixed according to the weight ratio of 5..3, sterilized and connected to the strain, and the selected strains are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger 1..2..2
  • the number of bacteria is more than 5%.
  • the strain is 5% of the weight of the moist cassava residue mixture, and then the fermentation is carried out.
  • the fermentation time is controlled for 5 days.
  • the fermented cassava residue mixture is dried to finally obtain a biological feed additive containing a large amount of microbial cells, which is mixed with a part of the full-price feed to obtain a high quality livestock feed which can be used for feeding pigs.
  • the alcohol waste mash and the cassava residue are mixed and mixed according to the weight ratio of 8..4, sterilized and connected to the strain, and the selected strains are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger 2..3..4
  • the number of bacteria is more than 8%, and the strain is 8% of the weight of the moist cassava mixture.
  • the fermentation time is controlled for 8 days.
  • the fermented cassava residue mixture is dried to finally obtain a biological feed additive containing a large amount of microbial cells, which is mixed with a part of the full-price feed to obtain a high quality livestock feed, which can be used for feeding ducks.
  • the alcohol waste mash and the cassava slag are mixed and mixed according to the weight ratio of 10..3, sterilized and connected to the strain, and the selected strains are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger 2..1.
  • the number of bacteria is more than 10% of the weight of the mixture of moist cassava slag, and then the fermentation is carried out.
  • the fermentation time is controlled for 10 days.
  • the fermented cassava residue mixture is dried to finally obtain a biological feed additive containing a large amount of microbial cells, which is mixed with a part of the full-price feed to obtain a high quality livestock feed, which can be used for feeding chickens.
  • Test Example 1 Using the feed of the above Example 1 to feed pigs, 108 Duroc piglets were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the test design, 3 replicates in each group, 18 replicates in each group, and the control group used full price. Feed feeding, the experimental group reduced the full-price feed by 15% with bio-feed additives, fed with the same nutritional indicators, and managed according to conventional feeding, with a feeding cycle of 120 days.
  • the analysis results in Table 2 showed that the improvement rate of the survival rate test group was 3.18% compared with the control, and the improvement rate of the slaughter rate was 4.35% compared with the control group.
  • the lean meat rate was improved by 9.3% compared with the control, and the muscle protein control was increased by 15.55%. Muscle water decreased by 10.33% compared with the control, and cholesterol content decreased by 1.87% compared with the control group, indicating that the meat quality improvement was extremely significant.
  • the amount of feed used by the test group and the control group was the same, but the feed of the test group was reduced by 15% of the full-price feed, replaced by biological feed additives, and the price of the full-price feed was 1.92 yuan per kilogram, and the biological feed additive was only 0.9 yuan/ In kilograms, under the same conditions of meat and meat, the test group for each kilogram of meat was reduced by 0.42 yuan compared with the control, and the input was reduced by 7.9% compared with the control group.
  • Test Example 2 Using the feed of the above Example 2 to feed the duck, 1350 chickens of 1 day old Guiliu Miao duck were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the test design, 675 each group, and each group was set with 3 replicates. 225 were repeated, and the control group was fed with full-price feed. The experimental group reduced the full-price feed by 15% with bio-feed additives, and fed with the same nutrient index. Regular feeding is managed.
  • the average price of feed is 1.65 yuan per kilogram, and the biological feed additive is only 0.9 yuan/kg per kilogram.
  • the test group of each kilogram of meat is reduced by 0.30 compared with the control group. Yuan, a 6.7% reduction compared to the control group.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法，它是将酒精废醪液和木薯渣按5〜10：3〜4的重量比进行配料混合，进行灭菌并接入菌种，接入的菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉1〜2：1〜3：1〜4的菌群数量比配置而成，菌种与潮湿的木薯渣混合物的重量比为5-10%，然后进行发酵，将发酵后的木薯渣混合物进行干燥最终得出含有大量微生物菌体的生物饲料添加剂。

Description

一种利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法 技术领域
本发明属于生物工程领域，特别涉及利用工业废弃物生产生物饲料添加剂的方法。
背景技术
目前，饲料添加剂正向高效、安全、环保、多功能方向发展，尤其是生物技术的引人，饲料添加剂工业将进入新的历史阶段—生物饲料添加剂阶段，利用工业废弃物生产生物饲料，减少废弃物污染，降低生产成本是一个重要的课题。
近年来，利用木薯渣或酒精废醪液发酵生产生物饲料添加剂的研究，在国内外公开文献中已有较多报道，但同时以木薯渣和酒精废醪液为发酵原料的尚未见有报道，木薯渣、酒精废液等糖厂有机废弃物含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、糖份及钙、磷、硅等，可作为生物饲料添加剂的生产原料，现将对利用此类废弃物进行加工生产生物饲料的现有技术检索如下：
中国专利：CN98118162.7，利用糖厂糖蜜酒精废液和甘蔗渣或植物秸秆生产畜禽饲料的方法，申请人:广西大学，摘要:一种以酒精废液和甘蔗渣或植物秸秆生产畜禽饲料的方法,它是将酒精废液通到放有甘蔗渣或植物秸秆粉的发酵池中,使甘蔗渣或秸秆粉充分吸附饱和,接入菌种,发酵1—15天后,取出干燥,得到畜禽饲料,该发明解决了糖厂酒精废液的排放问题,变废为宝,得到饲料的品质较好,充分利用了自然资源。但其存在的缺点是饲料有异味。
中国专利：CN01138745.9，利用酒精废醪生产的饲料，申请人:吉林省巨龙高科技术开发有限责任公司，摘要:利用酒精废醪生产的饲料，它由以下原料和过程获得：将含水率低于18％的谷物秸秆粉碎成粉，其粒度不大于80目，按谷物秸秆粉与酒精废醪滤出液1∶2～3(重量比)的比例向谷物秸秆粉喷淋酒精废醪滤出液并接入菌种，接入的菌种为乳酸菌、酵母菌、双歧菌和兰藻，菌种与潮湿的谷物秸秆粉的重量比为1～1.5∶1000，然后进行发酵，将发酵后的秸秆粉进行干燥、造粒，制成成品。该发明的优点是回收的酒精废醪滤出液中含有较多的蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素等营养成份，提高了饲料的质量，生产的饲料成本较低，为其他饲料的50％。但其存在的缺点是营养价值比较低。
《利用糖厂酒精废液生产畜禽饲料》，成果公布年份：2007年，完成单位：广西大学，成果简介：该项目是以糖厂酒精废液为原料，经多种微生物协同发酵生产饲料蛋白原料，经广西产品质量监督检验所检验：蛋白含量达18％以上，卫生指标符合国家饲料原料卫生标准。糖厂酒精废液是糖厂副产品糖蜜经发酵蒸馏生产酒精后排放的废醪液，排放量是酒精产量的 13-15倍，COD高达4万-5万mg/L，BOD高达2万-3万mg/L，其中富含许多氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类以及无机盐，其排放造成了严重的环境污染。该项目发酵后，全部进行干燥利用，实现糖厂的零排放，解决了糖厂废弃物的污染问题，同时又变废为宝，减缓了饲料资源严重短缺的问题，起到了较好的综合利用价值。但其存在的缺点是成本太高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为解决上述现有技术存在的缺陷，提供一种无异味、成本低、营养价值高，以木薯渣和酒精废醪液为发酵原料生产生物饲料添加剂。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法，将酒精废醪液和木薯渣按5～10︰3～4的重量比进行配料混合，进行灭菌并接入菌种，接入的菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉1～2︰1～3︰1～4的菌群数量比配置而成，菌种为潮湿的木薯渣混合物重量的5-10％，然后进行发酵，将发酵后的木薯渣混合物进行干燥最终得出含有大量微生物菌体的生物饲料添加剂。
本发明选用木薯渣和酒精废醪液为原料，由于各原料之间的主要成分刚好起到互为补充的协同增效作用，木薯渣含有较多的淀粉，酒精废醪液含有较多的有机质，二者互为补充，不仅保证了其发酵过程提供充足的营养，还能提高发酵的效率，使得发酵时间最低可以达到5天。
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis Cohn)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Baclicus lincheniformis)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)分别有选择的对木薯渣和酒精废醪液进行发酵，并起到协同增效的作用，提高发酵效率，还消除了发酵饲料的异味，发酵时间不超过10天。
以上所述的发酵的时间控制在5天～10天。
以上所述的发酵过程中进行温度控制，控制在50～60℃。
以上所述的发酵过程中接受了PH＝2-5的驯化
本发明具有以下有益效果：
利用生物技术，使木薯渣里面的纤维素降解，蛋白质转化为动物易于吸收的氨基酸，生产出优质的生物饲料添加剂，可以代替部分全价饲料使用。生产出的生物饲料添加剂中粗蛋白质≥16％，氨基酸≥1.6％，每克含有益生菌芽胞杆菌≥1.0×105，能保证足够的营养，且在发酵中接受了PH值＝3.0左右的高度驯化，有利于通过养殖对象胃酸的考验，起到促进生长的作用，同时抑制氨气(NH3)、硫化氢(H2S)及粪臭素的产生，养殖场空气环境得到改善。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将酒精废醪液和木薯渣按5︰3的重量比进行配料混合，进行灭菌并接入菌种，接入的菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉1︰2︰2的菌群数量比配置而成，菌种为潮湿的木薯渣混合物重量的5％，然后进行发酵，发酵时间控制在5天，发酵过程中进行温度控制，控制在50℃，发酵过程中接受了PH＝2的驯化。将发酵后的木薯渣混合物进行干燥最终得出含有大量微生物菌体的生物饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂与部分全价饲料混合使用得到优质的畜禽饲料，可以用于喂养猪。
施例2
将酒精废醪液和木薯渣按8︰4的重量比进行配料混合，进行灭菌并接入菌种，接入的菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉2︰3︰4的菌群数量比配置而成，菌种为潮湿的木薯渣混合物重量的8％，然后进行发酵，发酵时间控制在8天，发酵过程中进行温度控制，控制在55℃，发酵过程中接受了PH＝3的驯化。
实将发酵后的木薯渣混合物进行干燥最终得出含有大量微生物菌体的生物饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂与部分全价饲料混合使用得到优质的畜禽饲料，可以用于喂养鸭。
实施例3
将酒精废醪液和木薯渣按10︰3的重量比进行配料混合，进行灭菌并接入菌种，接入的菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉2︰1︰1的菌群数量比配置而成，菌种为潮湿的木薯渣混合物重量的10％，然后进行发酵，发酵时间控制在10天，发酵过程中进行温度控制，控制在60℃，发酵过程中接受了PH＝5的驯化。实将发酵后的木薯渣混合物进行干燥最终得出含有大量微生物菌体的生物饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂与部分全价饲料混合使用得到优质的畜禽饲料，可以用于喂养鸡。
用本发明的饲料添加剂进行动物饲养试验实例：
试验实施例一：利用上述实施例1的饲料喂猪，试验用108头杜洛克小猪，按试验设计分别随机分成2组，每组3个重复，每个重复18头，对照组用全价饲料喂养，试验组减少全价饲料15％用生物饲料添加剂代替，采用同一营养指标饲料喂养，按常规饲养进行管理，饲养周期120天。
表1 饲料营养指标
项目 前期 中期 后期
消化能(MJ/kg) 13.56 13.21 13.21
粗蛋白(％) 18.63 16.32 14.28
粗纤维(％) 5.5 6.5 7.5
蛋氨酸(％) 0.39 0.35 0.30
赖氨酸(％) 1.23 0.85 0.66
钙(％) 0.75 0.69 0.66
磷(％) 0.62 0.14 0.35
表2 结果分析
Figure PCTCN2014094097-appb-000001
表2分析结果表明：成活率试验组比对照改善率达3.18％，屠宰率与对照组比较改善率达4.35％差异明显，瘦肉率比对照改善了9.3％，肌肉蛋白质对照提高了15.55％，肌肉水份比对照下降了10.33％，胆固醇含量比对照组下降1.87％，说明肉质改善极为显著。试验组与对照组使用的饲料的量一样，但试验组喂养的饲料中减少全价饲料15％，用生物饲料添加剂代替，而全价饲料单价每公斤1.92元，生物饲料添加剂仅为0.9元/公斤，在肉料比相同的条件下，每长一公斤肉试验组则比对照减少投入0.42元，比对照组减少投入7.9％。
试验实施例二：利用上述实施例2的饲料喂鸭，试验用1350只1日龄桂柳苗鸭，按试验设计分别随机分为2组，每组675只，每组设3个重复，每个重复225只，对照组用全价饲料喂养，试验组减少全价饲料15％用生物饲料添加剂代替，采用同一营养指标饲料喂养，按 常规饲养进行管理。
表3 饲料营养指标
项目 前期 中期 后期
消化能(MJ/kg) 11.7 12 13.21
粗蛋白(％) 20 16 15
粗纤维(％) 6 8 7.5
蛋氨酸(％) 0.35 0.3 0.30
赖氨酸(％) 1.20 0.8 0.66
钙(％) 1.35 1.25 0.66
磷(％) 0.6 0.5 0.35
表4 结果分析
Figure PCTCN2014094097-appb-000002
表4分析结果表明：成活率试验组比对照改善率达3.85％有较显著提高，但屠宰率与对照组比较差异不明显。瘦肉率改善比对照组提高了12.86％，肌肉蛋白质改善比对照组提高了19.34％，肌肉水份比对照组下降了4.34％，板油比对照组下降56.95％，说明肉质改善极为明显。试验组与对照组使用的饲料的量一样，但试验组喂养的饲料中减少全价饲料15％，用生 物饲料添加剂代替，而全价饲料平均每公斤1.65元，生物饲料添加剂每公斤仅为0.9元/公斤，在肉料比相同的条件下，每长一公斤肉试验组则比对照组减少投入0.30元，比对照组减少投入6.7％。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法，其特征在于：将酒精废醪液和木薯渣按5～10︰3～4的重量比进行配料混合，进行灭菌并接入菌种，接入的菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉1～2︰1～3︰1～4的菌群数量比配置而成，菌种为潮湿的木薯渣混合物重量的5-10％，然后进行发酵，将发酵后的木薯渣混合物进行干燥最终得出含有大量微生物菌体的生物饲料添加剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法，其特征在于：所述的发酵的时间控制在5天～10天。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法，其特征在于：所述的发酵过程中进行温度控制，控制在50～60℃。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的利用木薯渣和酒精废醪液生产生物饲料添加剂的方法，其特征在于：所述的发酵过程中接受了PH＝2-5的驯化。
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