WO2014086731A1

WO2014086731A1 - Method for operating a combustion system and combustion system

Info

Publication number: WO2014086731A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/075292
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sandro BÜCHELER; Andreas Huber
Original assignee: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority date: 2012-12-05
Filing date: 2013-12-02
Publication date: 2014-06-12
Also published as: DE112013005790A5; DE112013005790B4

Abstract

In order to produce a method, by means of which fuel, in particular fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device, can be burnt safely and reliably, the method involves the following steps: feeding fuel to the fuel cell device (102); evacuating exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102), which exhaust gas contains fuel and preferably has higher pressure than atmospheric pressure; feeding the exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102) as one of at least two fluids to a combustion chamber (146) of a combustion chamber device (110, 112) of the combustion device using an injector, the injector comprising an inner fluid channel, an outer fluid channel that surrounds the inner fluid channel in at least some regions, and a guiding channel, in particular, mixing channel, a first fluid being coaxially fed to the guiding channel by means of the inner fluid channel and a second fluid being coaxially fed to the guiding channel by means of the outer fluid channel at at least approximately the same speed of flow, a supply pressure of the first fluid corresponding at least approximately to a supply pressure of the second fluid.

Description

Method for operating a combustion system and

combustion system

The present invention relates to a method of operating a combustion system and a combustion system.

DE 10 2005 011 005 AI, DE 934 118 A, DE 10 2008 060 560 AI, DE 21 31 490 C2, DE 1 551 797 A, DE 102 33 161 AI, the

WO 00/09945 Al and JP 2011-089754 A relate to various aspects of burner devices.

In particular, in combustion devices for combusting fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device, a reliable operation, in particular by self-ignition and flashback can be made more difficult.

The invention has for its object to provide a method by means of which fuel, in particular fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device, can be safely and reliably burned.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for operating a combustion system, wherein the combustion system comprises a fuel cell device formed for example as a high-temperature fuel cell device and a combustion device for burning fuel-containing exhaust gas of the fuel cell device. According to the invention, the method comprises:

Supplying fuel to the fuel cell device; Discharging exhaust gas from the fuel cell device, which comprises fuel and preferably has a pressure increased from atmospheric pressure;

Supplying the exhaust gas from the fuel cell device as one of at least two fluids to a combustion chamber of a combustion device of the combustion device using an injector, the injector comprising an inner fluid channel, an outer fluid channel at least partially surrounding the inner fluid channel and a guide channel, in particular a mixing channel;

wherein a first fluid by means of the inner fluid channel and a second

Fluid are supplied by means of the outer fluid channel coaxially with at least approximately the same flow rate to the guide channel,

wherein a supply pressure of the first fluid at least approximately corresponds to a supply pressure of the second fluid.

The method according to the invention for operating a combustion system preferably has one or more features and / or advantages of the combustion device described below, the combustion system described below, and / or the method described below for supplying two fluids to a combustion chamber of a combustion chamber device.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that using the injector, an oxidizer is supplied as a further fluid of the at least two fluids to the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device.

A pressure of the oxidizer before it is supplied to the injector is preferably increased by means of a compressor device of a gas turbine device of the combustion device and / or by means of a separate compressor device such that the pressure of the oxidizer at least approximately corresponds to the pressure of the fuel-containing exhaust gas from the fuel cell device. The oxidizer is especially air.

It may be favorable if the combustion device comprises a plurality of injectors, by means of which the at least two fluids are supplied to the combustion chamber, wherein the injectors are supplied with fluid streams having mutually different volume flows and / or mass flows.

In particular, when fluid flows having mutually different volume flows and / or mass flows are supplied to the injectors, regions of different mixing ratios of the at least two fluids can be formed in the combustion chamber. This can increase the reliability and safety of the combustion. It may be favorable if, as one of the at least two fluids, a partial flow of a total anode exhaust gas flow from the fuel cell device is supplied to the combustion device.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that as part of the at least two fluids, a partial flow of a Gesamtkathodenabgasstroms is supplied from the fuel cell device of the combustion device.

It can be advantageous if, as one of the at least two fluids, anode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device and, as another of the at least two fluids, cathode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device to the combustion device.

For example, it can be provided that only two fluids are supplied, wherein as one of the two fluids exclusively anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device and as another of the two fluids exclusively cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device of the combustion device is supplied. It may be favorable if the at least two fluids are supplied by the fuel cell device to the guide channel such that the at least two fluids between the fuel cell device and the guide channel have at least approximately the same total pressure loss.

It can be provided that the at least two fluids are supplied to the combustion device with at least approximately identical pressure.

In particular, it can be provided that the at least two fluids are supplied to the combustion device with at least approximately identical supply pressure. Within the combustion device, the at least two fluids preferably have at least approximately the same pressure loss, in particular until they reach the combustion chamber.

A fluid supplied as one of at least two fluids preferably comprises ambient air from an environment of the combustion system or is formed by ambient air from an environment of the combustion system.

Ambient air is in particular air which has not been passed through the fuel cell device.

By means of a combustion device, preferably fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device can be burned safely and reliably.

The combustion device for combusting fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high temperature fuel cell device preferably includes: a combustion chamber device comprising a combustion chamber and an injector for supplying fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber, the injector comprising an inner fluid channel, an outer fluid channel at least partially surrounding the inner fluid channel and a guide channel arranged downstream of the inner fluid channel with respect to a flow direction,

wherein the outer fluid channel comprises a tapered portion in which the cross-sectional area of the outer fluid channel decreases along a flow direction of fluids in the injector,

wherein the inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel open into a region in the guide channel, in which the cross-sectional area of the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and / or the guide channel is minimal, wherein a cross-sectional area of the guide channel starting from a combustion chamber facing the end of inner fluid channel along the flow direction is substantially constant or increases. A high-temperature fuel cell device is to be understood in this specification and the appended claims in particular as a solid oxide fuel cell device (SOFC).

A guide channel of the injector is in particular a section of the injector in which at least two fluids are conducted together and without separation from each other.

In principle, a mixing of the at least two fluids can thus take place in the guide channel. The guide channel is then in particular a mixing channel. Depending on a selected flow rate of the fluids, however, it may also be provided that mixing occurs only to a very limited extent, for example only in the region of a shear layer between the at least two fluids. The inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel may be arranged, for example, coaxially or parallel offset from one another. The cross-sectional area of the outer fluid channel preferably decreases continuously and / or steadily in the tapered section.

In particular, the tapered portion of the outer fluid channel preferably has no region in which the cross-sectional area increases along the flow direction.

Preferably, one fluid is a fuel and another fluid is an oxidizer.

It can be provided that the fuel is guided in the inner fluid channel or in the outer fluid channel. Accordingly, it can be provided that the oxidizer is guided in the outer fluid channel or in the inner fluid channel.

A cross-sectional area of the guide channel preferably corresponds at most to approximately the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel at their ends facing the combustion chamber in an area of the inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel. The guide channel preferably comprises a widening section in which the cross-sectional area of the guide channel increases along the flow direction, in particular continuously and / or continuously.

In the flared portion of the guide channel, there is preferably no region in which the cross-sectional area increases along the flow direction. In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the guide channel consists exclusively of the widening section and the widening section preferably extends from an end of the inner fluid channel facing the combustion chamber to an end of the injector facing the combustion chamber.

An expanding section of the guide channel, in which the cross-sectional area of the guide channel increases continuously and / or steadily along the flow direction, preferably has no steps, edges or projections. Thus, an undesirable turbulence and / or separation of a fluid flow can be prevented.

It may be favorable if the guide channel comprises one or more constant sections with respectively essentially constant cross-sectional areas along the flow direction.

Preferably, the guide channel comprises at least two constant sections, each having substantially constant cross-sectional areas along the flow direction, the at least two constant sections being arranged sequentially along the flow direction such that an upstream, constant section of the guide channel has a first cross-sectional area and one upstream constant portion of the following downstream arranged constant portion of the guide channel having a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross-sectional area.

A transition region between the upstream constant section of the guide channel and the downstream constant section of the guide channel is preferably formed by a sudden cross-sectional enlargement, a step and / or by a Planeinsenkung, for example, the downstream arranged constant portion forming, milled Planeinsenkung. It may be favorable if the guide channel comprises at least two successive sections which have a common axis of symmetry and / or central axis.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the guide channel comprises at least two successive sections, which have mutually different axes of symmetry and / or central axes. It may be favorable if the guide channel at least two

comprises successive sections which have substantially parallel symmetry axes and / or central axes.

It can be provided that an end of the guide channel arranged downstream with respect to the flow direction of the fluids, in particular a constant section or a widening section of the guide channel, opens into the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that a wall of the inner fluid channel, a wall of the outer fluid channel and / or one or more walls of one or more central fluid channels and / or a wall of the guide channel at least partially have a roughened surface. A roughened surface is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a surface which has been specifically processed, for example provided with a thread, to increase the roughness.

It may be favorable if a wall of the inner fluid channel is provided at least in sections with a roughened surface on an inner side facing the fluid guided therein and / or on an outer side facing away from the fluid guided therein. In particular, it can be provided that the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel, one or more central fluid channels and / or the guide channel at the respective end facing the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device, in particular at an end region facing the combustion chamber, at least in sections by a wall roughened surface are formed.

It can be advantageous if the combustion device comprises a gas turbine device.

The combustor device may be, for example, a combustor device of the gas turbine apparatus.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the combustion chamber device is a combustion chamber device that is different from a combustion chamber device of the gas turbine device.

It can be advantageous if at least a portion of the guide channel or the entire guide channel has a length which is at most approximately the product of the mean flow velocity of the fluids in the section of the guide channel or in the entire guide channel and the ignition delay time of a mixture of fluids equivalent. In this way it can be prevented that the injector is damaged by a flashback.

It can be provided that the injector comprises one or more central fluid channels which at least partially surround the inner fluid channel and are at least partially surrounded by the outer fluid channel.

The inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and the one middle fluid channel or the plurality of central fluid channels are preferably arranged coaxially or parallel offset from one another. In particular, the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and the one or more central fluid channels have a common axis of symmetry and / or central axis.

Preferably, the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and / or the one middle fluid channel or the plurality of middle fluid channels each have one or more tapered portions. Preferably, the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and / or the one or more central fluid channels are arranged and / or configured such that the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and / or the one or more middle fluid channels do not widen Include section in which increases the cross-sectional area along the flow direction.

Preferably, tapered portions of the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel and / or the one or more central fluid channels are disposed adjacent to each other with respect to a direction perpendicular to the flow direction.

In particular, it can be provided that a tapered section of the outer fluid channel surrounds a tapered section of the one or more central fluid channels and / or a tapered section of the inner fluid channel, for example annularly.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the combustion device comprises a plurality of injectors, in particular a plurality of equally dimensioned and / or differently dimensioned injectors.

It can be provided that the injectors are arranged evenly distributed on a feed head of the combustion chamber device, in particular to to provide the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device uniformly with fluid, in particular fuel and oxidizer.

However, it can be advantageous if the injectors are arranged unevenly distributed on the feed head of the combustion chamber device. As a result, an uneven supply of fluids, in particular of the fuel and the oxidizer, take place to the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device, whereby a more reliable and / or safer ignition and / or combustion can take place.

The combustion device is particularly suitable for use in a combustion system.

The present invention further relates to a combustion system.

The invention is in this respect the task of providing a combustion system by means of which in particular fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device can be safely and reliably burned.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a combustion system which comprises a fuel cell device configured for example as a high-temperature fuel cell device and a combustion device for combusting fuel-containing exhaust gas of the fuel cell device.

Preferably, the combustion device comprises a combustion chamber device comprising a combustion chamber and an injector for supplying fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber.

The injector preferably comprises an inner fluid channel, an outer fluid channel surrounding the inner fluid channel at least in sections a guide channel arranged with respect to a flow direction downstream of the inner fluid channel.

The guide channel preferably opens into the combustion chamber.

An anode exhaust pipe of the fuel cell device and / or a cathode exhaust pipe of the fuel cell device is preferably fluidly connected to the injector, so that by means of at least one fluid channel of the injector an anode exhaust stream and / or a cathode Abgasström the fuel cell device the combustion chamber can be fed.

It can be favorable if a first fluid can be supplied to the guide channel coaxially with at least approximately the same flow velocity by means of the inner fluid channel and a second fluid by means of the outer fluid channel.

A supply pressure of the first fluid preferably corresponds at least approximately to a supply pressure of the second fluid. The combustion system, in particular the combustion device and the fuel cell device, are preferably designed and / or set up and / or connected to one another such that the fluids can be supplied to the guide channel with at least approximately the same flow velocity and / or that a supply pressure of the first fluid is at least approximately equal to a supply pressure of the first fluid second fluid corresponds.

It may be favorable if the anode exhaust gas line of the fuel cell device is fluidically connected to a first fluid channel of the injector and the cathode exhaust gas line of the fuel cell device is connected to a second fluid channel of the injector, wherein the anode exhaust gas stream and the

Cathode exhaust gas flow can be brought together by means of the injector and jointly fed to the combustion chamber. The combustion system preferably comprises a fluid guide, by means of which a fluid flow, which preferably has a pressure increased relative to atmospheric pressure, as fuel flow with fuel surplus of the fuel cell device can be supplied, then at least partially fed as fuel flow by means of the injector to the combustion chamber and then via a turbine device of a gas turbine device Combustion device is relaxing.

It can be provided that the combustion device comprises a gas turbine device and that the combustion chamber device is a combustion chamber device of the gas turbine device.

At least a portion of the guide channel, in particular the entire guide channel, preferably has a length which corresponds at most approximately to the product of the mean flow velocity of the fluids in this section or in the entire guide channel and the ignition delay time of a mixture of the fluids.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the combustion system comprises a compressor device, by means of which a supply pressure of a fluid to be supplied to the combustion chamber by means of the injector can be adapted to a supply pressure of a fluid discharged from the fuel cell device and also supplied to the combustion chamber by means of the injector, in particular is comparable.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the combustion system comprises a compressor device, by means of which a flow velocity of a fluid as it flows into the

Guide channel to a flow rate of another fluid adaptable, in particular equalizable, is, wherein the further fluid is in particular a discharged from the fuel cell device and also supplied to the combustion chamber by means of the injector fluid. A supply pressure is, in particular, a pressure of a fluid present at a connection of the combustion device.

Furthermore, it can be provided that a supply pressure is a pressure of a fluid at an outlet of the fuel cell device.

By the terms "at least approximately" and / or "substantially" in this specification and the appended claims, in particular, a deviation of at most about 50%, for example at most about 20%, in particular at most about 10%, preferably at most about 5%, too understand.

In the method according to the invention, preferably no injection of a first fluid into a second fluid takes place. Rather, it is preferably provided that two fluids are uniformly supplied together to a guide channel and fed to the combustion chamber by means of the guide channel.

Preferably, a coaxial feed with the same or only minimally different flow rates is provided.

In particular, this results in at most very weak shearing layers, so that at most a very slight mixing takes place (in particular due to diffusion and low shear forces). In particular, the merging of the at least two fluids does not take place as in the case of a diffusion burner.

Preferably, a recirculation-free and shear-layer-free coaxial flow supply is preferably realized with an air jacket layer to supply highly reactive fluids, in particular fuel-containing exhaust gas, the combustion chamber. Preferably, stabilization does not occur at one end of the inner fluid channel (middle nozzle). Preferably, the principle of pure diffusion combustion is prevented. In particular, sufficiently hot combustor off-gas is mixed upstream of the heat release zone into the air jacket layer and / or into the supplied fuel-containing fluid to stabilize the flame and lower the combustion temperature by the inertization.

Preferably, the injector is designed so that the fluid supplied by means of the inner fluid channel in the guide channel as undisturbed surrounded by the fluid supplied by the outer fluid channel and as undisturbed fed to the combustion chamber.

In particular, when cathode exhaust gas and anode exhaust gas are supplied as fluids from the fuel cell device, the fluid pressures, in particular the supply pressures, are preferably selected to be equal, so that damage to the fuel cell device due to excessive pressure gradients can be prevented.

The combustion system, in particular the combustion device is preferably designed so that there is a high level of security against a flashback. In particular, a mixture or merging of the fluids at the narrowest point of the injector is provided for this purpose.

Preferably, a virtually recirculation-free mixing zone without surface jumps or other disturbances in the vicinity of the injector is provided.

By means of an undisturbed air jacket layer and a predetermined length of the guide channel (mixing length) can preferably be made possible that no pure diffusion burner is formed and flame stabilization takes place at the earliest at the surface jump in the region of the combustion chamber inlet and / or during or after the mixing of combustion exhaust gas. Preferably, the maximum flow velocities of the at least two fluids in the supply of the same to the guide channel are at least approximately identical. Preferably, a flow guide of the fuel cell system is designed so that from the fuel cell device to the combustion chamber equal pressure losses prevail in both fluid flows to the meeting (in the guide channel), in particular to make the pressure feedback to the fuel cell device so that no pressure difference between the anode side and cathode side ,

In particular, at the fuel cell outlets are preferably identical pressures. In principle, it may be provided that the anode exhaust gas line is fluidically connected to an inner, an outer or a middle fluid channel, so that a fluid designed as an anode exhaust gas stream can be supplied to the combustion chamber by means of the inner fluid channel, the outer fluid channel or the middle fluid channel ,

Furthermore, it can be provided that the cathode exhaust gas line is fluidically connected to the inner, the outer and / or the middle fluid channel, so that by means of the inner, the outer and / or the middle fluid channel, a fluid formed as a cathode exhaust gas flow to the combustion chamber - is bar.

The combustion system according to the invention preferably has one or more features and / or advantages of the combustion device. It may be favorable if the anode exhaust gas line of the fuel cell device is fluidically connected to a first fluid channel of the injector and the cathode exhaust gas line of the fuel cell device is connected to a second fluid channel of the injector such that the anode exhaust gas stream and the Cathode exhaust gas flow can be brought together by means of the injector and, in particular together, fed to the combustion chamber.

The first fluid channel and the second fluid channel are preferably different fluid channels from one another, for example the inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel.

It may be favorable if the gas turbine device comprises a compressor device by means of which the fuel stream can be compressed prior to being fed to the fuel cell device and / or an oxidizer stream can be compressed before being fed to the fuel cell device.

In particular, it can be provided that an oxidizer flow and / or a fuel flow can be compressed by means of the compressor device such that the oxidizer flow and / or the fuel flow in the fuel cell device have substantially the same pressure.

The combustion system according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out a method for supplying two fluids to a combustion chamber of a combustion chamber device.

In the present case, a method for supplying two fluids to a combustion chamber of a combustion chamber device is also described. The method for supplying two fluids to a combustion chamber of a combustion chamber device is preferably carried out using an injector, wherein the injector comprises an inner fluid channel, an outer fluid channel at least partially surrounding the inner fluid channel and a guide channel. In particular, a first fluid is supplied by means of the inner fluid channel and a second fluid by means of the outer fluid channel in a region of the injector to the guide channel, in which a flow rate of the first fluid and / or the second fluid is maximum. Preferably, a pressure of the first fluid at least approximately corresponds to a pressure of the second fluid. Preferably, the outer fluid channel includes a tapered portion in which the cross-sectional area of the outer fluid channel decreases along a flow direction of the fluids in the injector. This increases the flow velocity of the fluid guided in the outer fluid channel. A guide channel of the injector which follows the inner fluid channel and / or the outer fluid channel, that is, which is arranged downstream of the inner fluid channel and / or the outer fluid channel, preferably has a cross-sectional area which is constant or increases along the flow direction. In the guide channel of the injector, the flow rate of the fluids guided therein thus remains substantially constant or is reduced.

The first fluid or the second fluid may for example be a particular gaseous fuel, in particular fuel-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device. Accordingly, the second fluid or the first fluid is preferably an oxidizer, for example air or oxygen-containing exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell device.

The method for supplying two fluids to a combustion chamber of a combustion chamber device using an injector preferably has one or more features and / or advantages of the combustion device and / or the combustion system according to the invention.

The combustion device and / or the combustion system preferably have a control device for controlling the combustion device or the combustion system.

In particular, the control device is designed and arranged such that by means of the combustion device and / or the combustion system one or more of the method steps mentioned in this description and / or the appended claims are feasible.

The combustion device, the combustion system, the method for supplying two fluids to a combustion chamber and / or the method for operating a combustion system may furthermore have one or more of the features and / or advantages described below:

As a fluid, for example, hydrogen-containing exhaust gas of a fuel cell device may be used.

Preferably, at least one fluid has a temperature of at least about 200 ° C, for example at least about 400 ° C, especially at least about 600 ° C, prior to delivery to the injector.

Preferably, there is only a slight, in particular no, pressure difference between the fluids, in particular between a fuel stream and an oxidation stream. Especially in the premixing or partial premixing of fuel and oxidizer, there is a high risk of flashback and auto-ignition.

In particular, when a fuel flow has a relatively low pressure, a high inflow velocity into a combustion chamber can not be realized to minimize the risk of autoignition and flashback. Preferably, these disadvantages are compensated by the invention or do not occur.

Preferably, a combination and / or a mixture of two fluids, in particular the fuel and the oxidizer, takes place at a location of maximum flow velocity. The at least two fluids, in particular the fuel and the oxidizer, preferably have substantially the same pressure.

Preferably, neither cooling of the oxidizer, such as air, nor a high fuel supply pressure are required.

It can be advantageous if an injector and / or a feed head of the combustion chamber device comprises a surface jump, in particular a cross-sectional area jump, by means of which in particular a recirculation zone, for example an exhaust gas recirculation zone, can be formed. As a result, preferably a flame front can be stabilized by auto-ignition effects due to the hot fluids, in particular the hot exhaust gas. The length of a guide channel of the injector is preferably selected so that no self-ignition can take place within the guide channel.

The invention is particularly suitable for the combustion of highly reactive fuels.

Preferably, the use of the combustion device, in particular the injector of the combustion device, results in a very low pressure loss. By means of a convex configuration of the guide channel, in particular a guide channel which widens along the direction of flow, pressure can preferably be recovered.

Preferably, a transition between an end of the injector facing the combustion chamber and an exit surface of a delivery head of the combustion chamber device in which the injector is arranged is not rectangular. For example, it can be provided that an end of the injector facing the combustion chamber and an exit surface of a feed head of the combustion chamber device in which the injector is arranged have surfaces which enclose an angle of at least approximately 120 °, for example at least approximately 135 ° ,

The formation of reverse flow regions in a mixing zone, in particular in the guide channel, is preferably prevented by clear separation edges, in particular at an end of the inner fluid channel facing the combustion chamber.

An injection of a first fluid into the second fluid is preferably carried out with a jet-in-coflow arrangement, that is to say with an injection angle β = 0 ° or with a very small injection angle of one or more further fluids (β <<90 °).

By a backflow-free injection preferably a self-ignition at the location of the mixture, in particular in the guide channel, prevented. The risk of flashback is preferably minimized.

Preferably, the guide channel in the region of the exit into the combustion chamber has a convex shape, so that pressure recovery is possible due to the Coanda effect.

A mixture of the fluids can be improved by the use of microturbulators, in particular to produce small-scale vortices and thus a low pressure drop in a mixing zone, in particular in the guide channel.

A fluid, in particular an oxidizer, is divided into the guide channel, for example for cooling and / or for setting a desired gas composition (so-called air split). The injectors are preferably arranged distributed in a circular ring for forming an exhaust gas recirculation zone or over the entire feed head. It can be provided that the feed head is provided in the region of the injectors with Planeinsenkungen to produce small Abgasrezirkulationszonen.

The invention is particularly suitable for afterburning in fuel cell devices, for use in combustion chamber technology, in power plant technology and / or power engineering and for mixing and / or combustion of highly reactive fluids, in particular for hydrogen combustion.

Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a

A combustion system comprising a fuel cell device, a gas turbine device and a separate combustion chamber device; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a combustion system corresponding to Figure 1, wherein the combustion chamber device is a combustion chamber device of the gas turbine apparatus; Figure 3 is a schematic longitudinal section through a first embodiment of an injector of a combustion device, in which an inner fluid channel and an outer fluid channel are provided, which open into a guide channel of the injector; a corresponding to Figure 3 schematic representation of the first embodiment of the injector, wherein another mode of operation is shown; a schematic representation corresponding to Figure 3 of a second embodiment of an injector in which a plurality of surfaces are roughened; a schematic representation corresponding to Figure 3 of a third embodiment of an injector, which comprises a flared guide channel; a schematic representation of a combustion chamber of a combustion chamber device of the combustion device facing the end of a wall of an inner fluid channel, in which a chamfering is provided, so that the end is conical; a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the combustion chamber facing the end of the wall of the inner fluid channel, wherein the wall has a rounded outer side; a schematic representation corresponding to Figure 3 of a fourth embodiment of an injector in which a central fluid channel between the inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel is arranged; Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of a combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device together with an adjoining combustion chamber wall and a portion of the feed head; Figure 11 is a sectional view corresponding to Figure 3 of a fifth embodiment of an injector, in which a step-shaped widening guide channel is provided; FIG. 12 is a schematic representation, corresponding to FIG. 3, of a sixth embodiment of an injector, in which a section of the guide channel arranged eccentrically to the inner fluid channel and the outer fluid channel is provided; Figure 13 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a

Zuführkopfs the combustion chamber device in which the injectors are arranged unevenly distributed;

Figure 14 is a schematic plan view corresponding to Figure 13 of a second embodiment of a feed head, wherein the injectors are arranged in a circle;

FIG. 15 shows a schematic plan view, corresponding to FIG. 13, of a third embodiment of a feed head, in which the injectors are arranged uniformly distributed on the feed head but are operated unevenly;

FIG. 16 shows a schematic plan view corresponding to FIG. 13 of a fourth embodiment of a feed head, wherein an annular opening for an air jacket flow is provided;

FIG. 17 shows a section through the feed head from FIG. 16 along the line

17-17 in Figure 16; FIG. 18 shows a schematic illustration, corresponding to FIG. 13, of a fifth embodiment of a feed head, in which annularly arranged cooling air passages are provided; FIG. 19 shows a sectional illustration corresponding to FIG. 17 through the fifth embodiment of the feed head according to FIG. 18 along the line 19-19 in FIG. 18; Figure 20 is a schematic plan view corresponding to Figure 13 of a sixth embodiment of a feed head, with alternative arrangement of the injectors and the cooling air ducts. and

FIG. 21 shows a schematic illustration, corresponding to FIG. 3, of a seventh embodiment of an injector, in which an inner fluid channel is arranged eccentrically in an outer fluid channel.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

A first embodiment of a combustion system generally designated 100 in FIG. 1 comprises a fuel cell device 102 and a combustion device 104. The fuel cell device 102 is designed in particular as a high-temperature fuel cell device 106, in particular as a solid oxide fuel cell device (SOFC).

The combustor 104 includes a gas turbine apparatus 108 that includes a combustor 110.

Furthermore, the combustion device 104 includes a combustion chamber device 112 separate from the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108.

The gas turbine apparatus 108 of the combustion apparatus 104 further includes a turbine apparatus 114 and a compressor apparatus 116. The combustion system 100 further includes a fluid guide 118 by means of which fluids between the individually described devices are feasible. In particular, the fluid guide 118 includes one or more supply lines 120 for supplying fluids from the compressor device 116 to the fuel cell device 102.

Further, the fluid guide 118 includes one or more exhaust conduits 122 for supplying exhaust gas from the fuel cell apparatus 102 to the combustor apparatus 112.

A further exhaust line 124 of the fluid guide 118 serves to forward exhaust gas from the combustion chamber device 112 to the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108.

A further exhaust conduit 126 ultimately connects the combustor 110 of the gas turbine apparatus 108 to the turbine apparatus 114 of the gas turbine apparatus 108.

The fluid guide 118 further comprises a bypass line 128, by means of which exhaust gas from the fuel cell device 102, bypassing the separate combustion chamber device 112 directly to the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108 can be fed.

The exhaust pipes 122 for connecting the fuel cell device 102 to the separate combustion chamber device 112 are, in particular, an anode exhaust pipe 122a and a cathode exhaust pipe 122b. Preferably, exhaust gas may be supplied from an anode side of the fuel cell device 102 to the separate combustor device 112 by way of the anode exhaust passage 122a. Preferably, exhaust from a cathode side of the fuel cell device 102 may be supplied to the separate combustor device 112 via the cathode exhaust passage 122b. The anode exhaust gas carried in the anode exhaust passage 122a is preferably fuel-containing.

The cathode exhaust gas conducted in the cathode exhaust pipe 122b is preferably oxidized.

The first embodiment of the combustion system 100 shown in FIG. 1 functions as follows:

Oxidizer and / or fuel is compressed by means of the compressor device 116 of the gas turbine device 108 and supplied to the fuel cell device 102 at a pressure which is increased relative to normal pressure by means of the supply lines 120.

In the fuel cell device 102, the fuel is converted to generate electricity, in particular burned.

The fuel stream fed to an anode side of the fuel cell device 102 preferably contains a larger amount of fuel than can be converted during normal operation of the fuel cell device 102.

An anode exhaust gas stream leaving the fuel cell device 102 is thus still fuel-containing.

By means of the anode exhaust gas line 122a, the fuel-containing anode exhaust gas stream is fed to the separate combustion chamber device 112. Further, a cathode exhaust gas stream is supplied from the cathode side of the fuel cell apparatus 102 to the separate combustor apparatus 112 by way of the cathode exhaust conduit 122b. The anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas have a high temperature, for example about 800 ° C, and at least approximately the same pressure.

For example, mixing the anode exhaust stream and the cathode exhaust stream together may, for example, result in undesirable auto-ignition, which could damage the combustion system 100.

However, this can be prevented by a suitable design of the combustion device 104 (see in particular the following description of the various embodiments of the injectors).

In the combustion chamber device 112, the fuel-containing anode exhaust gas is burned by means of the oxidant-containing cathode exhaust gas and / or additionally supplied air, and thus the chemical energy still contained in the anode exhaust gas is utilized.

The hot exhaust gas from the separate combustor device 112 is supplied via the exhaust passage 124 of the combustor 110 to the gas turbine apparatus 108.

Furthermore, the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108 can be supplied via the bypass line 128 with a part of the cathode exhaust gas branched off from the cathode exhaust line 122b from the fuel cell device 102, bypassing the separate combustion chamber device 112.

In the combustor device 110 of the gas turbine apparatus 108, the fuel contained in the supplied fluid streams and / or additionally used fuel burned and used to drive the turbine device 114 of the gas turbine apparatus 108.

The exhaust gas of the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108 is supplied to the turbine device 114 via the exhaust line 126 for this purpose.

However, the exhaust pipe 126 may also be dispensable when the turbine device 114 directly connects to the combustor 110. By means of the turbine device 114, the exhaust gas flowing out of the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108 is expanded to convert the energy contained therein into kinetic energy.

By means of the turbine device 114, in particular the compressor device 116 is driven.

A second embodiment of a combustion system 100 shown in FIG. 2 essentially differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the exhaust gas of the fuel cell device 102 is supplied directly to the combustion chamber device 110 of the gas turbine device 108 by means of the exhaust gas lines 122.

A separate combustion chamber device 112 is not provided in the second embodiment of the combustion system 100 shown in FIG.

The combustion chamber apparatus 110 of the gas turbine apparatus 108 preferably corresponds in structure and function to the separate combustor apparatus 112 of the first embodiment of the fuel cell system 100. A bypass conduit 128 is dispensable.

Incidentally, the second embodiment of the combustion system 100 illustrated in FIG. 2 has the same structure and function with the combustion system shown in FIG. corresponded to the first embodiment, so that reference is made to the above description in this regard.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of injectors and supply heads of a combustion chamber device of the combustion device 104 will be described. In principle, all embodiments of injectors can be used in all embodiments of feed heads. Further, all embodiments of feed heads with all embodiments of injectors are suitable for use in a combustor 110 of the gas turbine engine 108 and / or in a separate combustor 112.

A first embodiment of an injector, designated as a whole by 130, shown in FIG. 3, comprises an inner fluid channel 132, an outer fluid channel 134, and a guide channel 136.

The inner fluid channel 132 is at least partially surrounded by the outer fluid channel 134. In particular, the inner fluid channel 132 and the outer fluid channel 134 are arranged coaxially with one another and have a common central axis 138, in particular a common axis of symmetry 140.

Preferably, the entire injector 130 is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the axis of symmetry 140.

The inner fluid channel 132 is substantially tubular and serves to supply a first fluid to the guide channel 136 of the injector 130.

The outer fluid channel 134 is substantially cylinder jacket-shaped and surrounds the inner fluid channel 132. By means of the outer fluid channel 134, a second fluid may be supplied to the guide channel 136 of the injector 130.

The first fluid guided through the inner fluid channel 132, the second fluid guided through the outer fluid channel 134 and the fluids conveyed together in the guide channel 136 are moved in a flow direction 142 which is substantially parallel to the central axis 138 and / or the axis of symmetry 140 of the injector 130 is aligned, passed through the injector 130.

A cross-sectional area of the inner fluid channel 132 taken perpendicular to the flow direction 142 is substantially constant along the flow direction 142. The outer fluid channel 134 has a tapering section 144 in which the cross-sectional area of the outer fluid channel 134 taken perpendicular to the flow direction 142 decreases along the flow direction 142. The tapering section 144 of the outer fluid channel 134 is arranged on a combustion chamber 146 of the combustion chamber device 110, 112 facing the end 148 of the outer fluid channel 134, in particular directly adjacent to the guide channel 136. The inner fluid channel 132 opens into the guide channel 136 at an end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132 facing the combustion chamber 146.

A region 152, in which the inner fluid channel 132 and the outer fluid channel 134 open into the guide channel 136, is in particular an orifice region 154 of the injector 130.

In the region 152, in particular the orifice region 154, the cross-sectional area of the inner fluid channel 132, the outer fluid channel 134 and / or the guide channel 136 minimum. The fluids passed through the injector 130 consequently have the highest flow velocity in this region 152. The guide channel 136 of the injector 130 preferably has a constant section 156, in which a cross-sectional area of the guide channel 136 taken perpendicular to the flow direction 142 is substantially constant along the flow direction 142. The guide channel 136 extends from the combustion chamber 146 facing the end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132 and / or from the combustion chamber 146 facing the end 148 of the outer fluid channel 134 to a combustion chamber 146 facing the end 158 of the injector 130. The combustion chamber 146 facing The end 158 of the injector 130 terminates flush with an exit plane 160 of a feed head 162 of the combustion chamber device 110, 112, in which the injector 130 is arranged. The exit plane 160 is formed, for example, as a flat surface, but may also be curved.

The injector 130 is used in particular for the supply of oxidizer and fuel to the combustion chamber 146.

In particular, the first fluid carried in the inner fluid passage 132 is an anode off-gas of the fuel cell device 102.

The second fluid guided in the outer fluid passage 134 is, in particular, a cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell device 102. Alternatively, however, it may also be provided that the first fluid in the inner fluid channel 132 is the cathode exhaust gas and the second fluid in the outer fluid channel 134 is the anode exhaust gas. In the guide channel 136 of the injector 130, the fluids can mix with each other at least to a small extent.

In particular, when the fluids have a high temperature, in the injector 130, autoignition and / or flashback from the combustion chamber 146 into the injector 130 can basically occur.

However, this can be prevented by suitable dimensioning of the injector 130. Thus, it is provided in particular in the first embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 3 that the guide channel 136 has a length L which is at most approximately equal to the product from the middle one

Flow rate of the fluids in the guide channel 136 and the Zündverzugszeit a mixture of the fluids corresponds. In this way, it can be ensured that the fluids guided in the injector 130, in particular in the guide channel 136, have already left the injector 130 before an ignition occurs.

The first embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 3 functions as follows:

By means of the first fluid channel 132, a first fluid, for example fuel-containing anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device 102, is supplied. By means of the outer fluid channel 134, a second fluid, in particular oxidator-containing cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device 102, is supplied. Due to the tapered portion 144 of the outer fluid channel 134 and the constant portion 156 of the guide channel 136, the mouth portion 154 in which the first fluid guided in the inner fluid passage 132 and the second fluid guided in the outer fluid passage 134 are merged Area 152 with minimum cross-sectional area. The fluids thus have the highest flow velocity in this region 152.

Preferably, only due to the surface jump on the end 158 of the injector 130 facing the combustion chamber 146 in the combustion chamber 146 is a recirculation of the fluids and thus only in the combustion chamber 146 a stable flame front.

Due to the flow rate in the guide channel 136, a flashback is preferably avoided as well as a self-ignition of the mixture of fluids within the guide channel 136th

Preferably, in the first embodiment of the injector 130 illustrated in FIG. 3, the fluids are supplied to the injector 130 at substantially identical pressure and finally to the guide channel 136.

In an alternative mode of operation of the first embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 4, it may be provided that one of the fluids is supplied at a pressure which is increased in relation to the pressure of the further fluid.

For example, it can be provided that the first fluid guided in the inner fluid channel 132 is supplied at a higher pressure than the second fluid guided in the outer fluid channel 134.

In this way, a driving jet effect can be generated, which leads to a suction of the guided in the outer fluid passage 134 second fluid. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the first embodiment of the injector 130 according to FIG. 4 corresponds to the mode of operation of the injector 130, as has been described with regard to FIG. A second embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the first embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 essentially in that a wall 168 of the inner fluid channel 132 has at least partially roughened surfaces 164.

In particular, an inner surface 166 of the wall 168 of the inner fluid channel 132, which faces the first fluid guided in the inner fluid channel 132, is at least partially a roughened surface 164.

For example, it may be provided that the inner surface 166 at the end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132 facing the combustion chamber 146 is a roughened surface 146. Furthermore, it can be provided that an outer surface 170 of the wall 168 of the inner fluid channel 132 is at least partially a roughened surface 164.

In particular, it can be provided that the outer surface 170 at the combustion chamber 146 facing the end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132 is a roughened surface 164.

A roughened surface 164 is to be understood in particular as meaning a surface processed to increase the roughness, for example a surface provided with a thread.

In addition, in an embodiment (not shown) of the injector 130, it may be provided that a surface 172 of an outer fluid channel 134 surrounding wall 174 is at least partially a roughened surface 164.

By means of the roughened surface 164, which preferably serves as a microturbulator, small-scale vortices can be generated in order to improve a mixture with a relatively low pressure loss. Furthermore, this can increase a boundary layer turbulence and thus minimize the risk of boundary layer separation. Incidentally, the second embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 5 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. A third embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 6 essentially differs from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in that the guide channel 136 comprises a widening section 176. In the widening portion 176 of the guide channel 136, the cross-sectional area of the guide channel 136 taken perpendicular to the flow direction 142 increases continuously and steadily along the flow direction 142. In particular, the widening portion 176 of the guide channel 136 extends from the mouth region 154 to the combustion chamber 146 facing the end 158 of the injector 130th

An angle a, which encloses a surface 178 of the guide channel 136 with the exit plane 160, is preferably greater than 90 °, in particular approximately 120 °. As a result, a pressure recovery can be made possible. In particular, by the deflection of the flow at the outlet of the injector 130, an additional mixing of the fluids in the combustion chamber 146 can be generated. Adjacent injectors 130 of the feed head 162 are preferably sized, configured and / or arranged such that the shear layers meet between the fluids of adjacent injectors 130.

In the third embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 6, in particular the Coanda effect can be used for pressure recovery.

Incidentally, the third embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 6 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, so that reference is made to the above description thereof.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show variants of the wall 168 of the inner fluid channel 132, which can be used as an exchange for the walls 168 of the inner fluid channels 132 according to the described embodiments of the injector 130.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the wall 168 has a chamfer 180. The chamfer 180 is arranged at the end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132 facing the combustion chamber 146 such that the wall 168 tapers in the flow direction 142 towards the end 150.

In particular, the wall 168 is conically tapered.

By means of the chamfer 180, a surface jump at the end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132, at which an undesirable recirculation of the fluids could form, can be avoided. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, a rounding 182 of the wall 168 is provided instead of the chamfer 180. Such a rounding 182 can also prevent a surface jump to avoid recirculation zones. Furthermore, by avoiding edges, undesirable separation of the fluid flow from the wall 168 can be prevented.

The rounding 182 of the wall 168 in particular allows a convex flow guidance of the guided in the outer fluid passage 134 fluid.

A fourth embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 9 differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 essentially in that the injector 130 comprises a central fluid channel 184 in addition to the inner fluid channel 132 and the outer fluid channel 134.

The middle fluid channel 184 is disposed between the inner fluid channel 132 and the outer fluid channel 134.

The middle fluid channel 184 thus surrounds the inner fluid channel 132 and is itself surrounded by the outer fluid channel 134.

The middle fluid channel 184, the inner fluid channel 132 and the outer fluid channel 134 are arranged coaxially with one another and in particular have the same axis of symmetry 140.

The middle fluid channel 184 opens into the mouth region 154, in particular into the region 152 of minimum cross-sectional area of the outer fluid channel 134 and / or of the guide channel 136.

By using a further fluid channel, namely the middle fluid channel 184, a third fluid, in particular one of the first fluid, can be used and fluid other than the second fluid is supplied to the combustion chamber 146 by means of the injector 130.

For example, it can be provided that anode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device 102 by means of the inner fluid channel 132, that cathode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device 102 by means of the central fluid channel 184 and additional fresh air or residual cathode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device 102 by means of the outer fluid channel 134 ,

The additional fresh air or the remaining cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device 102 is supplied in particular to increase the air ratio in the combustion chamber 146. The guided in the outer fluid passage 134 fluid can serve in particular for cooling the wall 174.

Alternatively, it can be provided that cathode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device 102 by means of the inner fluid channel 132, that anode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device 102 by means of the middle fluid channel 184 and that additional fresh air or residual cathode exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell device 102 by means of the outer fluid channel 134 becomes. The fuel-containing anode exhaust gas flow from the fuel cell device 102, which is supplied by means of the middle fluid channel 184, is thereby encased by the additional fresh air or the remaining cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device 102, which contains oxidants, and / or by means of the inner fluid channel 132 Cathode exhaust flow from the fuel cell device 102 penetrated. This can improve a mixture. Furthermore, an efficient cooling of the wall 174 of the outer fluid channel 134 can thereby be made possible. Incidentally, the fourth embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 9 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, so that reference is made to the above description thereof.

In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a roughened surface 164 according to the second embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 5 and / or a widening portion 176 of the guide channel 136 may also be provided, at least in sections, according to the third embodiment of FIG Injector 130 may be provided.

FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion chamber device 110, 112. The combustion chamber device 110, 112 comprises a combustion chamber wall 186 bounding the combustion chamber 146.

During operation of the combustion chamber device 110, 112, the combustion chamber wall 186 heats up strongly.

For cooling and thus protecting the combustion chamber wall 186, the combustion chamber device 110, 112 has one or more cooling air channels 188 arranged in the feed head 162.

By means of the cooling air channels 188, cool air can be flowed in parallel to the combustion chamber wall 186 in order to avoid direct contact of the flame in the combustion chamber 146 with the combustion chamber wall 186.

As a cooling air channel 188, for example, fresh air can be used. Alternatively, however, cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device 102 may be used. A fifth embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 11 essentially differs from the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that the guide channel 136 comprises two constant sections 156 instead of the continuously and continuously widening section 176 of the guide channel 136.

The constant sections 156, taken separately along the flow direction 142, have constant cross-sectional areas. The constant portions 156 are arranged sequentially with respect to the flow direction 142, so that an upstream constant portion 156a and a downstream constant portion 156b are formed. The upstream constant portion 156a of the guide channel 136 adjoins the combustion chamber 146 facing the end 150 of the inner fluid channel 132 and to the combustion chamber 146 facing the end 148 of the outer fluid channel 134 at. The downstream constant portion 156b adjoins, on the one hand, the upstream constant portion 156a and, on the other hand, the exit plane 160 of the feed head 162.

By means of the constant sections 156a, 156b, the entire guide channel 136 is thus formed.

The upstream constant portion 156 a and the downstream constant portion 156 b have substantially the same axis of symmetry 140.

A cross-sectional area of the upstream-side constant portion 156a is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the downstream-side constant portion 156b. A junction 190 between the upstream constant portion 156a and the downstream constant portion 156b is formed as a step 192, that is, as a surface jump.

This results in the operation of the injector 130, a recirculation of the fluids and thus a reliable flame anchorage in the region of the downstream arranged constant portion 156b. A sixth embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 12 essentially differs from the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 11 in that the upstream constant section 156a and the downstream constant section 156b have no common axis of symmetry 140.

Rather, the downstream constant portion 156b is offset from the upstream constant portion 156a in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction 142.

By such eccentric arrangement of the constant portions 156a, 156b, flame anchoring in the downstream constant portion 156b can be made possible, in particular optimized. Incidentally, the sixth embodiment of the injector 130 shown in FIG. 12 is identical in construction and function to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 11, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. A first embodiment of a feed head 162 shown in FIG. 13 comprises a multiplicity of injectors 130, which are arranged distributed on the feed head 162. In particular, it can be provided that injectors 130 are provided according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG.

The injectors 130 may be arranged uniformly or, as illustrated in FIG. 13, unevenly distributed on the feed head 162.

Uneven distribution of the injectors 130 results in non-uniform mixing of the fluids in the combustion chamber 146, which can improve the reliability and / or safety of the combustion.

A second embodiment of a feed head 162 shown in FIG. 14 differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 13 essentially in that the injectors 130 are arranged substantially circularly on the feed head 162.

An interior 194 between the circularly arranged injectors 130 is preferably selected to be so large that a large recirculation zone can form in the combustion chamber 146. Incidentally, the second embodiment of the feeding head 162 shown in FIG. 14 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 13, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. A third embodiment of a feed head 162 shown in FIG. 15 essentially differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 13 in that the injectors 130 are arranged uniformly on the feed head 162. Preferably, however, the injectors 130 are operated unevenly, that is, individual injectors 130a are supplied with more fuel than the other injectors 130b. As a result, a homogeneity of the mixture of the fluids in the combustion chamber 146 can be avoided, whereby the safety and reliability of the combustion can be increased. Incidentally, the third embodiment of the feeding head 162 shown in FIG. 15 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 13, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. A fourth embodiment of a feed head 162 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 essentially differs from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 14 in that the feed head 162 has an annular cooling air passage 188 according to the embodiment of the combustion chamber device 110, 112 shown in FIG.

By means of the cooling air channel 188, in particular the combustion chamber wall 186 can be protected against overheating.

FIG. 17 shows a longitudinal section through the feed head 162 according to FIG. 16.

Incidentally, the fourth embodiment of the feeding head 162 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 is the same in structure and function as the second embodiment shown in FIG. 14, so that reference is made to the above description thereof.

A fifth embodiment of a feed head 162 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 differs from the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 essentially in that individual cooling air passages 188 are provided instead of the annular cooling air passage 188.

The cooling air channels 188 are arranged substantially annularly, in particular arranged alternately between the injectors 130. By means of the cooling air channels 188, in particular, air at a high pressure, in particular a higher pressure than a pressure of the fluids supplied by means of the injectors 130, can be supplied. As a result, an inner recirculation zone in the combustion chamber 146 can be reinforced.

A circle diameter of the circle on which the cooling air channels 188 are arranged is preferably larger than a circle diameter of the circle on which the injectors 130 are arranged. Incidentally, the fifth embodiment of the feeding head 162 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 is identical in construction and function to the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. A sixth embodiment of a feed head 162 shown in FIG. 20 differs from the fifth embodiment shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 essentially in that the cooling air passages 188 are arranged on the same circular ring as the injectors 130. Otherwise, the sixth illustrated in FIG Embodiment of the feed head 162 in terms of structure and function with the fifth embodiment shown in Figures 18 and 19, so that reference is made to the preceding description thereof. A seventh embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 21 differs from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 essentially in that the inner fluid channel 132 and the outer fluid channel 134 do not have a common axis of symmetry 140. Rather, the inner fluid channel 132 eccentrically offset in the outer fluid channel 134 is arranged. An axis of symmetry 140 a of the inner fluid channel 132 is thus arranged offset parallel to an axis of symmetry 140 b of the outer fluid channel 132. By such a staggered arrangement, for example, a one-sided fuel richer shear layer for optimized combustion can be generated. Incidentally, the seventh embodiment of an injector 130 shown in FIG. 21 is identical in construction and function to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. Basically, one or more features of the described

Embodiments of combustion systems 100, injectors 130, and / or feedheads 162 for providing further preferred embodiments may be combined with each other as desired. For example, it may be provided that the feed head 162 according to the third embodiment shown in Figure 15 with injectors 130 according to the third embodiment shown in Figure 6 in a combustion system 100 according to the first embodiment shown in Figure 1, in particular in the separate combustion chamber device 112 or the combustor 110 of the gas turbine apparatus 108.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 combustion system

102 fuel cell device

104 combustion device

106 high-temperature fuel cell device

108 gas turbine device

110 combustor device of the gas turbine apparatus 108

112 combustion chamber device a separate

Combustion device 104

114 turbine device

116 compressor device

118 fluid guide

120 feed line

122 exhaust pipe

122a anode exhaust pipe

122b cathode exhaust pipe

124 exhaust pipe

126 exhaust pipe

128 bypass line

130 injector

130a injector

130b injector

132 inner fluid channel

134 outer fluid channel

136 guide channel

138 central axis

140 symmetry axis

140a axis of symmetry of the inner fluid channel 132nd

140b symmetry axis of the outer fluid channel 134th

142 flow direction

144 tapered portion of the outer fluid channel 134th 146 combustion chamber

148 the combustion chamber 146 facing the end of the outer fluid channel 134th

150 the combustion chamber 146 facing the end of the inner fluid channel 132nd

152 area of minimum cross-sectional area

154 mouth area

156 constant section of the guide channel 136

156a upstream constant portion

156b downstream constant section

158 the combustion chamber 146 facing the end of the injector 130th

160 exit level

162 feeding head

164 roughened surface

166 inner surface

168 wall of the inner fluid channel 132nd

170 outer surface

172 surface of the wall 174 of the outer fluid channel 134th

174 wall of the outer fluid channel 134th

176 expanding portion of the guide channel 136th

178 surface

180 chamfering

182 rounding off

184 medium fluid channel

186 combustion chamber wall

188 Cooling air duct

190 transition

192 level

194 interior

α angle

L length of the guide channel 136

Claims

claims

Method for operating a combustion system (100),

the combustion system (100) comprising a fuel cell device (102) formed, for example, as a high-temperature fuel cell device (106) and a combustion device (104) for burning fuel-containing exhaust gas of the fuel cell device (102),

the method comprising:

Supplying fuel to the fuel cell device (102);

Discharging exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102) comprising fuel and preferably having a pressure increased from atmospheric pressure;

Supplying the exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102) as one of at least two fluids to a combustion chamber (146) of a combustor device (110, 112) of the combustor (104) using an injector (130), the injector (130) having an inner fluid channel (132), an outer fluid channel (134) at least partially surrounding the inner fluid channel (132) and a guide channel (136),

wherein a first fluid is supplied by means of the inner fluid channel (132) and a second fluid by means of the outer fluid channel (134) coaxially with at least approximately the same flow rate to the guide channel (136), wherein a supply pressure of the first fluid at least approximately corresponds to a supply pressure of the second fluid ,

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that using the injector (130) an oxidizer as a further fluid of the at least two fluids to the combustion chamber (146) of the combustion chamber vor- direction (110, 112) is supplied, wherein a pressure of the oxidizer before it is supplied to the injector (130) by means of a compressor device (116) of a gas turbine apparatus (108) of the combustion device (104) is increased so that the pressure at least approximately the pressure of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102).

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion device (104) comprises a plurality of injectors (130), by means of which the combustion chamber (146), the at least two fluids are supplied to the injectors (130) fluid flows be supplied with mutually different flow rates and / or mass flows.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as one of the at least two fluids, a partial flow of a total anode exhaust gas stream from the fuel cell device (102) of the combustion device (104) is supplied.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as one of the at least two fluids, a partial flow of a total cathode exhaust gas stream from the fuel cell device (102) of the combustion device (104) is supplied.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that as one of the at least two fluids anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102) and as another of the at least two fluids cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102) of the combustion device (104) is supplied ,

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that only two fluids are supplied, wherein as one of the two fluids exclusively anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102) and as a another of the two fluids is supplied exclusively cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell device (102).

8. The method according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the at least two fluids are supplied from the fuel cell device (102) to the guide channel (136) that the at least two fluids between the fuel cell device (102) and the guide channel (136 ) have at least approximately the same total pressure loss.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least two fluids with at least approximately identical pressure of the combustion device (104) are supplied.

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a fluid supplied as one of at least two fluids is or comprises ambient air from an environment of the combustion system.

A combustion system (100) comprising a fuel cell device (102) formed as a high-temperature fuel cell device (106), for example, and a combustion device (104) for burning fuel-containing exhaust gas of the fuel cell device (102),

wherein the combustion device (104) comprises:

a combustion chamber device (110, 112) comprising a combustion chamber (146), and

an injector (130) for supplying fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber (146),

wherein the injector (130) comprises an inner fluid channel (132), an outer fluid channel (134) at least partially surrounding the inner fluid channel (132) and a flow direction (142) downstream of the inner fluid channel (132) arranged guide channel (136) which opens into the combustion chamber (146), wherein an anode exhaust pipe (122a) of the fuel cell device (102) and / or a cathode exhaust pipe (122b) of Fuel cell device (102) with the injector (130) is fluidly connected, so that by means of at least one fluid channel (132, 134, 184) of the injector (130) an anode exhaust stream and / or a cathode exhaust stream of the fuel cell device (102) the combustion chamber (146) are deliverable,

wherein a first fluid can be supplied to the guide channel (136) by means of the inner fluid channel (132) and a second fluid by means of the outer fluid channel (134) coaxially with at least approximately the same flow velocity,

12. A combustion system (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that the anode exhaust pipe (122a) of the fuel cell device (102) having a first fluid channel (132, 134, 184) of the injector (130) and the cathode exhaust pipe (122b) the fuel cell device (102) is fluidly connected to a second fluid channel (132, 134, 184) of the injector (130) so that the anode exhaust stream and the cathode exhaust stream can be brought together by means of the injector (130) and fed to the combustion chamber (146) are.

13. combustion system (100) according to any one of claims 11 or 12,

characterized in that the combustion system (100) comprises a fluid guide (118) by means of which a fluid flow, which preferably has an elevated pressure relative to atmospheric pressure,

as fuel flow with excess fuel, the fuel cell device (102) can be supplied, then at least partially as a fuel flow by means of the injector (130) to the combustion chamber (146) can be supplied and then via a turbine device (114) of a gas turbine device (108) of the combustion device (104) can be relaxed.

A combustion system (100) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the combustion device (104) comprises a gas turbine device (108) and that the combustion chamber device (110) is a combustion chamber device (110) of the gas turbine device (108).

15. A combustion system (100) according to any one of claims 11 to 14,

characterized in that at least a portion (156a) of the guide channel (136), in particular the entire guide channel (136), has a length (L) which is at most approximately equal to the product of the average flow rate of the fluids in that portion (156a). in the entire guide channel (136) and the ignition delay time of a mixture of the fluids.

16. The combustion system (100) according to any one of claims 11 to 15,

characterized in that the combustion system (100) comprises a compressor device (116), by means of which a supply pressure of a fluid to be supplied to the combustion chamber (146) by means of the injector (130) to a supply pressure of a discharged from the fuel cell device (102) and also by means of the injector (130) the fluid to be supplied to the combustion chamber (146) adaptable, in particular equalizable, is.