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WO2013127843A1 - Utilisation d'une composition agrochimique à action fongicide, herbicide et améliorant la santé des plantes avec le tournesol - Google Patents

Utilisation d'une composition agrochimique à action fongicide, herbicide et améliorant la santé des plantes avec le tournesol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013127843A1
WO2013127843A1 PCT/EP2013/053920 EP2013053920W WO2013127843A1 WO 2013127843 A1 WO2013127843 A1 WO 2013127843A1 EP 2013053920 W EP2013053920 W EP 2013053920W WO 2013127843 A1 WO2013127843 A1 WO 2013127843A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sunflower
plant
composition
plants
inhibitors
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PCT/EP2013/053920
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English (en)
Inventor
Markus Gewehr
Cyrill Zagar
Scott Peoples
Original Assignee
Basf Se
Basf Schweiz Ag
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Application filed by Basf Se, Basf Schweiz Ag filed Critical Basf Se
Publication of WO2013127843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013127843A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of an agrochemical composition comprising at least one specific herbicide and at least one specific fungicide for controlling undesired vegetation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultures, for the desiccation and/or defoliation of sunflowers, for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in sunflowers and for increas- ing the health of sunflower plants.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation in sunflower cultures, to a method for the desiccation and/or defoliation of sunflower plants, to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in sunflowers and to a method for increasing the health of sunflowers by using said composition.
  • the invention also relates to an agrochemical composition comprising said at least one specific herbicide and said at least one specific fungicide.
  • the active compounds act as antidotes or antagonists and are also referred to as safeners, since they reduce or even prevent damage to the crop plants.
  • the present invention relates to the use of an agrochemical composition
  • an agrochemical composition comprising A) at least one herbicide A selected from
  • acetylCoA carboxylase inhibitors selected from clethodim (A.1 ), cycloxydim (A.2), diclofop (A.3), fenoxaprop (A.4), fenoxaprop-P (A.5), fluazifop (A.6), fluazifop-P (A.7), haloxyfop (A.8), haloxyfop-P (A.9), quizalofop (A.10), quizalofop-P (A.1 1 ) and tepraloxydim (A.12);
  • ACC inhibitors selected from clethodim (A.1 ), cycloxydim (A.2), diclofop (A.3), fenoxaprop (A.4), fenoxaprop-P (A.5), fluazifop (A.6), fluazifop-P (A.7), haloxyfop (A.8)
  • acetolactate synthase inhibitors selected from imaza- methabenz (A.13), imazamox (A.14), imazapyr (A.15), prosulfuron (A.16), thifensulfuron (A.17) and tribenuron (A.18); and
  • auxinic herbicides selected from clopyralid (A.19), 2,4-D (A.20), dicamba (A.21 ) and quinmerac (A.22); and their agriculturally acceptable salts, esters and amides; and B) at least one fungicide B selected from B.a) sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides) selected from cyproconazole (B.1 ), difenoconazole (B.2), epoxiconazole (B.3), fenpropimorph (B.4), flusi- lazole (B.5), flutriafol (B.6), imazalil (B.7), ipconazole (B.8), metconazole (B.9), myclobutanil (B.10), penconazole (B.1 1 ), prochloraz (B.12), pro- piconazole (B.13), prothioconazole (B.14), pyrif
  • B.b nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors selected from benalaxyl (B.21 ), benalaxyl- M (B.22), metalaxyl (B.23), metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam) (B.24) and oxadixyl (B.25);
  • B.c inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton selected from benomyl (B.26), carbendazim (B.27), thiabendazole (B.28), thiophanate (B.29) and thi- ophanate-methyl (B.30);
  • B.d signal transduction inhibitors selected from fludioxonil (B.31 ), iprodione (B.32), procymidone (B.33), quinoxyfen (B.34) and vinclozolin (B.35);
  • inhibitors with Multi Site Action selected from
  • inorganic active substances selected from Bordeaux mixture (B.36), copper (B.37), copper acetate (B.38), copper hydroxide (B.39), copper oxychloride (B.40), basic copper sulfate (B.41 ), copper ammoniumcarbonate (B.42), copper octanate (B.43), oxim-copper (B.44) and sulfur (B.45); thio- and dithiocarbamates selected from mancozeb (B.46), maneb (B.47), metam (B.48), metiram (B.49), propineb (B.50), thiram (B.51 ), zineb (B.52) and ziram (B.53); and
  • captan B.54
  • chlorothalonil B.55
  • dithianon B.56
  • folpet B.57
  • B.f fungicides with an unknown mode of action selected from cymoxanil (B.58), cyprodinil (B.59), fosetyl-AI (B.60), pyrimethanil (B.61 ), propamocarb-HCL (B.62), proquinazid (B.63) and 4-cyclopropyl-[1 ,2,3]thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid (2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amide (B.64); for controlling undesired vegetation in sunflower cultures.
  • sunflower denotes both the plant itself as well as its harvested product, such as sunflower seeds.
  • the invention moreover relates to a composition as defined above or below, comprising at least one herbicide A and at least one fungicide B.
  • the composition according to the invention or to be used according to the invention may be a physical mixture of the at least one compound A and the at least one compound B. Accordingly, the invention also provides a mixture comprising at least one compound A and at least one compound B.
  • the composition may also be any combination of at least one compound A with at least one compound B, it not being required for compounds A and B to be present together in the same formulation.
  • combipack An example of a composition according to the invention or to be used according to the invention in which the at least one compound A and the at least one compound B are not present together in the same formulation is a combipack.
  • a combipack two or more components of a combipack are packaged separately, i.e., not jointly pre- formulated.
  • combipacks include one or more separate containers such as vials, cans, bottles, pouches, bags or canisters, each container containing a separate component for an agrochemical composition.
  • One example is a two-component combi- pack.
  • the present invention also relates to a two-component combipack, comprising a first component which in turn comprises at least one compound A, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, at least one surfactant and/or at least one customary auxiliary, and a second component which in turn comprises at least one compound B, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, at least one surfactant and/or at least one cus- tomary auxiliary. More details, e.g. as to suitable liquid and solid carriers, surfactants and customary auxiliaries are described below.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation in sunflower cultures, which method comprises allowing an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined above or below to act on sunflower plants or parts thereof and/or the environment where the sunflower cultures grow or are to grow.
  • the sunflowers might be resistant to one or more herbicides or to attack by insects owing to genetic engineering or breeding.
  • the invention relates moreover to the use of a composition as defined above or below, for the desiccation and/or defoliation of sunflower plants, and to a method for the desiccation and/or defoliation of sunflower plants, which method comprises treating sunflower plants or parts thereof with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined above or below.
  • compositions which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, show improved activity against important harmful fungi, in particular for certain indications. It was a further object to provide for compositions that are useful for the control of specific pathogens in specific important crops that are often susceptible to the attack of pathogens.
  • the invention thus also refers to the use of a composition as defined above or below, for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in sunflowers, and to a method for controlling phy- topathogenic fungi in sunflowers, which method comprises treating the fungi, sunflower plants or parts thereof, the locus where the sunflower plants grow or are to grow or sunflower seeds to be protected from fungal attack or sunflower seeds from which the sunflower plants are to grow with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined above or below.
  • Healthier plants are desirable since they result among others in better yields and/or a better quality of the plants or crops. Healthier plants also better resist to biotic and/or abiotic stress. A high resistance against biotic stresses in turn allows the person skilled in the art to reduce the quantity of pesticides applied and consequently to slow down the development of resistances against the respective pesticides.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a composition as defined above or below, for synergistically increasing the health of sunflowers, in particular the yield of sunflower plants, and to a method for synergistically increasing the health of sunflowers, in particular the yield of sunflower plants, which method comprises treating sunflower plants or parts thereof, the locus where the sunflower plants grow or are to grow or sunflower seeds from which the sunflower plants are to grow with a synergistically effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined above and below.
  • the methods of the invention comprise allowing an effective amount of the composition as defined above or below to act on sunflower plants or parts thereof and/or the environment (e.g. the locus) where the sunflower cultures grow or are to grow.
  • the methods of the invention include treatment of the seeds from which the sunflower plants are to grow. If the sunflower plants are not resistant against the herbicide(s) used and/or the herbicide(s) is/are not selective enough and/or no safener is used, it is convenient to avoid their direct contact with the herbicide(s) used as far as possible in order to avoid injury of the sunflower plants (except, of course, for the desiccation and/or defoliation method). This can be done, for example, by treating as selectively as possible the undesired vegetation or the locus where this is growing or expected to grow (this ap- plies of course only for the herbicidal method) or by treating the locus where the sunflower plant is to grow, e.g.
  • any known method for broadcasting agricultural compositions can be used. For further details, see below.
  • the herbicides A and the fungicides B as well as their agrochemical action and methods for producing them are generally known.
  • the at least one herbicide A is selected from clethodim, cycloxydim, tepra- loxydim, imazamox, imazapyr, thifensulfuron, tribenuron, quinmerac; and their agriculturally acceptable salts, esters and amides.
  • imazamox imazamox-ammonium (A.23); imazapyr: imazapyr-isopropylammonium (A.24); thifensulfuron: thifensulfuron-methyl (A.25); tribenuron: tribenuron-methyl (A.26).
  • the at least one herbicide A is more preferably selected from clethodim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr- isopropylammonium, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron, tribenuron- methyl and quinmerac.
  • the at least one herbicide A is selected from clethodim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, imazamox, imazapyr, quinmerac; and their agriculturally acceptable salts, esters and amides.
  • the at least one herbicide A is selected from clethodim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr- isopropylammonium and quinmerac.
  • the at least one herbicide A is clethodim and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is cycloxydim and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is tepraloxydim and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is imazamox and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is imazamox-ammonium and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is imazapyr and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is imazapyr- isopropylammonium and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one herbicide A is quinmerac and the at least one fungicide B has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the below preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide is selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fenpropimorph, flusilazole, metconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), carbendazim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, iprodione, copper, mancozeb, thiram, chlorothalonil, dithianon, cymoxanil, cyprodinil and 4-cyclopropyl-[1 ,2,3]thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid (2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amide.
  • the at least one fungicide is selected from cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, fenpropimorph, flusilazole, metconazole, prochloraz, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), carbendazim, iprodione and dithianon.
  • the at least one fungicide B is cyproconazole and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is epoxiconazole and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is fenpropimorph and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the pre- ferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is flusilazole and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is metconazole and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is prochloraz and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is metalaxyl and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is metalaxyl-M
  • (mefenoxam)and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in par- ticular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is carbendazim and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is iprodione and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • the at least one fungicide B is dithianon and the at least one herbicide A has one of the above general or, in particular, one of the preferred meanings.
  • composition to be used in the uses and the methods according to the invention comprises
  • herbicide A selected from clethodim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, ima- zamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, quin- merac; and other agriculturally
  • the composition comprises as component A at least one, preferably exactly one, herbicide A.
  • the composition compris- es as component A at least two, preferably exactly two, herbicides A different from each other.
  • the composition comprises as component A at least three, preferably exactly three, herbicides A different from each other.
  • the composition comprises as component B at least one, preferably exactly one, fungicide B.
  • the composition comprises as component B at least two, preferably exactly two, fungicides B different from each other.
  • the composition comprises as component A at least one, preferably exactly one, herbicide A, and at least one, preferably exactly one, fungicide B.
  • the composition comprises as component A at least two, preferably exactly two, herbicides A different from each other, and at least one, preferably exactly one, fungicide B.
  • the composition comprises as component A at least three, preferably exactly three, herbicides A different from each other, and at least one, preferably exactly one, fungicide B.
  • the composition comprises as only active components at least one, preferably exactly one, herbicide A, and at least one, preferably exactly one, fungicide B.
  • compositions 1.1 to 1.1664 comprising at least one herb- icide A and at least one fungicide B, preferably comprising the herbicide A and the fungicide B, as defined in the respective row of table 1.
  • the compound numbers (A.x for herbicide A; B.x for fungicide B) correspond to the compound numbers given above in the list of herbicides A and fungicides B to be used according to the present invention.
  • Table 1 (compositions 1.1 to 1.1664)
  • A.24 B.2 1.1512 A.24 B.40 1.1550 A.25 B.14 herb. fung. No herb. fung. No herb. fung. A B A B A B
  • compositions according to the present invention comprising at least one the herbicide A and the at least one fungicide B in combination with safeners. Accordingly in another embodiment of the present invention the compositions according to the present invention comprise as additional component at least one saf- ener C.
  • Safeners are chemical compounds which prevent or reduce damage on useful plants without having a major impact on the herbicidal action of the herbicidal active components of the present compositions towards unwanted plants. They can be applied either before sowings (e.g. on seed treatments, shoots or seedlings) or in the pre-emergence application or post-emergence application of the useful plant.
  • the at least one safener C and at least one the herbicide A and at least one fungicide B can be applied simultaneously or in succession.
  • Suitable safeners C are e.g.
  • Examples of preferred safeners C are benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyometrinil, cyprosul- famide, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofen- im, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1 -oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (MON4660, CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5- trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidine (R-29148, CAS 52836-31 -4) and N-(2- Methoxybenzoyl)-4-[(methylaminocarbonyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide (CAS 129531 - 12-0).
  • Especially preferred safeners C are benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1 -oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (MON4660, CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidine (R- 29148, CAS 52836-31 -4) and N-(2-Methoxybenzoyl)-4-[(methylaminocarbonyl)- amino]benzenesulfonamide (CAS 129531 -12-0).
  • Particularly preferred safeners C are benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyprosulfamide, dichlor- mid, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, naphtalic anhydride, 4- (dichloroacetyl)-1 -oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (MON4660, CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5- trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidine (R-29148, CAS 52836-31 -4) and N-(2- Methoxybenzoyl)-4-[(methylaminocarbonyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide (CAS 129531 - 12-0).
  • the safeners C are known safeners, see, for example, The Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000 volume 86, Meister Publishing Company, 2000; B. Hock, C. Fedtke,
  • the assignment of the active compounds to the respective mechanisms of action is based on current knowledge. If several mechanisms of action apply to one active compound, this substance was only assigned to one mechanism of action.
  • the herbicide A, the fungicide B and/or the safener C are capable of forming geometrical isomers, for example E/Z isomers, both the pure isomers and mixtures thereof may be used in the compositions according to the invention. If the herbicide A and/or the fungicide B have one of more centers of chirality and are thus present as enantio- mers or diastereomers, both the pure enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures thereof may be used in the compositions according to the invention.
  • the herbicide A, the fungicide B and/or the safener C can be present in different crystal modifications whose biological activity may differ. They are likewise subject matter of the present invention.
  • the herbicide A, the fungicide B and/or the safener C have ionizable functional groups, they can also be employed in the form of their agriculturally acceptable salts. Suitable are, in general, the salts of those cations and the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the activity of the active compounds.
  • Preferred cations are the ions of the alkali metals, preferably of lithium, sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably of calcium and magnesium, and of the transition metals, preferably of manganese, copper, zinc and iron, further ammoni- um and substituted ammonium in which one to four hydrogen atoms are replaced by Ci-C4-alkyl, hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl, hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4- alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, preferably ammonium, methylammonium, isopropylammonium, dimethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammoni- um, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, 2-(2- hydroxyeth-1
  • Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, hy- drogensulfate, methylsulfate, sulfate, dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate and also the anions of Ci-C4-alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate.
  • the herbicide A, the fungicide B and/or the safener C having a carboxyl group can be employed in the form of the acid, in the form of an agriculturally suitable salt or else in the form of an agriculturally acceptable derivative in the compositions according to the invention, for example as amides, such as mono- and di-Ci-C6-alkylamides or aryla- mides, as esters, for example as allyl esters, propargyl esters, Ci-Cio-alkyl esters, alkoxyalkyl esters and also as thioesters, for example as Ci-Cio-alkylthio esters.
  • Preferred mono- and di-Ci-C6-alkylamides are the methyl and the dimethylamides.
  • Preferred arylamides are, for example, the anilides and the 2-chloroanilides.
  • Preferred alkyi esters are, for example, the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, mexyl (1 -methylhexyl) or isooctyl (2-ethylhexyl) esters.
  • Preferred Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4- alkyl esters are the straight-chain or branched Ci-C4-alkoxy ethyl esters, for example the methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl or butoxyethyl ester.
  • An example of a straight-chain or branched Ci-Cio-alkylthio ester is the ethylthio ester.
  • compositions according to the present invention are useful in plant protection of sunflowers.
  • plant as used herein includes all parts of a plant such as germi- nating seeds, emerging seedlings and herbaceous vegetation including all below- ground portions (such as the roots) and aboveground portions.
  • compositions according to the invention can also be used in genetically modified sunflower plants.
  • genetically modified plants is to be understood as plants whose genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques to include an inserted sequence of DNA that is not native to that plant species' genome or to exhibit a deletion of DNA that was native to that species' genome, wherein the modification(s) cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutagenesis or natural recombination alone.
  • a particular genetically modified plant will be one that has obtained its genetic modification(s) by inheritance through a natural breeding or propagation process from an ancestral plant whose genome was the one directly treated by use of a recombinant DNA technique.
  • one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve cer- tain properties of the plant.
  • Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides, e. g., by inclusion therein of amino acid mutation(s) that permit, decrease, or promote glycosyla- tion or polymer additions such as prenylation, acetylation farnesylation, or PEG moiety attachment.
  • Sunflower plants as well as the propagation material of said plants, which can be treated with the inventive mixtures include all modified non-transgenic plants or transgenic plants, e.g. crops which tolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides owing to breeding, including genetic engineering methods, or plants which have modi- fied characteristics in comparison with existing plants, which can be generated for example by traditional breeding methods and/or the generation of mutants, or by recombinant procedures.
  • mixtures according to the present invention can be applied (as seed treatment, foliar spray treatment, in-furrow application or by any other means) also to plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.asp). Sunflower plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering, e.g.
  • auxinic herbicides such as dicamba or 2,4-D
  • bleacher herbicides such as 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors
  • acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as sulfonylureas or imid- azolinones, e.g.
  • EBP enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase
  • G glutamine synthetase
  • PPO protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase
  • lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as acetylCoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors; or oxynil (i. e.
  • bromoxynil or ioxynil herbicides as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering; furthermore, plants have been made resistant to multiple classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, such as resistance to both glypho- sate and glufosinate or to both glyphosate and a herbicide from another class such as ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxinic herbicides, or ACCase inhibitors.
  • the sunflower plants are tolerant against herbicides selected from the group of acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS inhibitors), e.g.
  • ALS inhibitors acetolactate synthase inhibitors
  • auxinic herbicides e.g. 2,4-D, dicamba and their agriculturally acceptable salts, esters and amides
  • 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors e.g. bicy- clopyrone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tembotrione, topramezone and their agriculturally acceptable salts
  • EPSP synthase inhibitors e.g. glyphosate, sulfosate and their agriculturally acceptable salts
  • glutamine synthase inhibitors e.g.
  • glufosinate bialafos and their agriculturally acceptable salts.
  • Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by mutagenesis and conventional methods of breeding, e. g., ExpressSun® sunflowers (DuPont, USA) being tolerant to sulfonyl ureas, e. g., tribenuron-methyl, and Clearfield® sunflowers (BASF SE, Germany) being tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides such as imazamox or imazapyr.
  • sunflower plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as delta-endotoxins, e. g., CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g., VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g., Photorhabdus spp.
  • delta-endotoxins e. g., CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c
  • VIP vegetative insectici
  • toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins
  • toxins produced by fungi such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins
  • proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors
  • ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP) such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin
  • steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3- hydroxy-steroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase
  • ion channel blockers such as blockers of sodium
  • these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as including pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins.
  • Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e. g., WO 02/015701 ).
  • Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073.
  • the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e.
  • insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of arthropods, especially to beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda).
  • Genetically modified plants capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins are, e. g., described in the publications mentioned above.
  • sunflower plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant
  • DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens are the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PR proteins, see, e.g., EP-A 392 225), plant disease resistance genes or T4-lyso-zym.
  • PR proteins pathogenesis-related proteins
  • the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e.g., in the publications mentioned above.
  • sunflower plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivi- ty (e.g., bio-mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
  • productivi- ty e.g., bio-mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content
  • tolerance to drought e.g., salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
  • plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of ingredients or new ingredients, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition.
  • plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of ingredients or new ingredients, specifically to improve raw material production.
  • compositions to be used according to the invention or the crop protection compositions comprising them or formulated therefrom can be used, for example, in the form of ready-to-spray aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions, also highly concentrated aqueous, oily or other suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, materials for broadcasting, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, broadcasting or watering or treatment of the seed or mixing with the seed.
  • the use forms depend on the intended purpose; in any case, they should ensure the finest pos- sible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.
  • the crop protection compositions comprise an effective amount of the composition according to the invention, i.e. at least one herbicide A or an agriculturally useful salt thereof and at least one fungicide B, and also auxiliaries customary for formulating crop protection agents.
  • composition types are suspensions (SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO, ES), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, DP, DS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), which can be water- soluble or wettable, as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (GF).
  • composition types e. g. SC, OD, FS, EC, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF
  • composition types such as DP, DS, GR, FG, GG and MG are usually used undiluted.
  • compositions are prepared in a known manner (cf. US 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning: "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, S. 8-57 und ff. WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701 , US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, US 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (J.
  • the crop protection compositions may also comprise auxiliaries which are customary in agrochemical compositions.
  • auxiliaries used depend on the particular application form and active substance, respectively.
  • auxiliaries customary for the formulation of crop protection agents are inert auxilaries, solid or liquid carriers, surfactants (such as dispersants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, wetting agents and tackifiers), organic and inorganic thickeners, bac- tericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and, for seed formulations, adhesives.
  • surfactants such as dispersants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, wetting agents and tackifiers
  • organic and inorganic thickeners such as bac- tericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and, for seed formulations, adhesives.
  • thickeners i.e. compounds which impart to the formulation modified flow properties, i.e. high viscosity in the state of rest and low viscosity in motion
  • thickeners are polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum (Kelzan® from Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhone Pou- lenc) or Veegum® (from R.T. Vanderbilt), and also organic and inorganic sheet minerals, such as Attaclay® (from Engelhardt).
  • antifoams examples include silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon ® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty ac- ids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • Bactericides can be added for stabilizing the aqueous herbicidal formulations.
  • bactericides are bactericides based on diclorophen and benzyl alcohol hemi- formal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas), and also isothiazolinone derivates, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie).
  • antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea or glycerol.
  • colorants are both sparingly water-soluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples which may be mentioned are the dyes known under the names Rho- damin B, C.I. Pigment Red 1 12 and C.I.
  • Solvent Red 1 and also pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
  • adhesives examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers (Tylose®, shin-Etsu, Japan).
  • Suitable inert auxiliaries are, for example, the following:
  • mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point such as kerosene and diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexa- none or strongly polar solvents, for example amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone, and water.
  • paraffin tetrahydronaphthalene
  • alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives alkylated benzenes and their derivatives
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol
  • ketones such as cyclohexa- none or strongly
  • Suitable carriers include liquid and solid carriers.
  • Liquid carriers include e.g. non-aqueous solvents such as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, e.g. amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone, and water as well as mixtures thereof.
  • non-aqueous solvents such as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol,
  • Solid carriers include e.g. mineral earths such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sul- fate, magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders, or other solid carriers.
  • mineral earths such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sul- fate, magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nit
  • Suitable surfactants are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, for example lignosulfonic acids (e.g.
  • methylcellulose methylcellulose
  • hydrophobically modified starches poly- vinyl alcohol (Mowiol types Clariant), polycarboxylates (BASF AG, Sokalan types), pol- yalkoxylates, polyvinylamine (BASF AG, Lupamine types), polyethyleneimine (BASF AG, Lupasol types), polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof.
  • Powders, materials for broadcasting and dusts can be prepared by mixing or grinding the active ingredients together with a solid carrier.
  • Granules for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active ingredients to solid carriers.
  • Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water.
  • emul- sions, pastes or oil dispersions the components of the compositions according to the invention either as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier.
  • concentrates comprising active compound, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if desired, solvent or oil, which are suitable for dilution with water.
  • the active ingredients are present in suspended, emulsified or dissolved form.
  • the formulation according to the invention can be in the form of aqueous solutions, powders, suspen- sions, also highly-concentrated aqueous, oily or other suspensions or dispersions, aqueous emulsions, aqueous microemulsions, aqueous suspo-emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, materials for spreading or granules.
  • the compositions of the invention can for example be formulated as follows:
  • a Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
  • active compound 10 parts by weight of active compound are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water or a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other adjuvants are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water. This gives a formulation with an active compound content of 10% by weight.
  • active compound 20 parts by weight of active compound are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohex- anone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrroli- done. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.
  • a dispersant for example polyvinylpyrroli- done. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.
  • the active compound content is 20% by weight
  • active compound 15 parts by weight of active compound are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of an organic solvent (eg. alkylaromatics) with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion.
  • the formulation has an active compound content of 15% by weight.
  • active compound 25 parts by weight of active compound are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of an organic solvent (eg. alkylaromatics) with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight).
  • organic solvent eg. alkylaromatics
  • calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate in each case 5 parts by weight.
  • This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifier (e.g. Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion.
  • emulsifier e.g. Ultraturrax
  • active compound 20 parts by weight of active compound are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound.
  • the active compound content in the formulation is 20% by weight.
  • active compound 50 parts by weight of active compound are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and made into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluid- ized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound.
  • the formulation has an active compound content of 50% by weight.
  • Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders 75 parts by weight of active compound are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound.
  • the active compound content of the formulation is 75% by weight.
  • the concentrations of the active compounds in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within wide ranges.
  • the formulations comprise from 0.001 to 98% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 95% by weight of at least one active compound.
  • the active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
  • the components A and B can be present formulated jointly or separately in suspended, emulsified or dissolved form. The use forms depend entirely on the intended applications.
  • the components A and B can be formulated and applied jointly or separately, simultaneously or in succession, before, during or after the emergence of the plants.
  • the order of the application of the components A and B is of minor importance.
  • the only thing that is important is that the at least one active components A and B are present simultaneously at the site of action, i.e. are at the same time in contact with or taken up by the plant to be controlled and/or safened.
  • a first embodiment of the invention relates to the use compositions in the form of a crop protection composition formulated as a 1 -component composition comprising the at least one active component A, at least one further active component B and optionally at least one safener C, and also a solid or liquid carrier and/or and, one or more surfactants, and, if desired, one or more further auxiliaries customary for crop protection compositions.
  • a second embodiment of the invention relates to compositions in the form of a crop protection composition formulated as a 2-component composition
  • a first formulation comprising the at least one active component A, a solid or liquid carrier and, if appropriate, one or more surfactants, and a second component comprising at least one further active component B, and optionally at least one safener C, and a solid or liquid carrier and, if appropriate, and/or one or more surfactants, where additionally both components may also comprise further auxiliaries customary for crop protection compositions.
  • compositions to be used according to the invention are suitable as herbicides. They are suitable as such or as an appropriately formulated composition.
  • the compositions according to the invention control vegetation on non-crop areas very efficiently, especially at high rates of application. They act against broad-leafed weeds and grass weeds in sunflower crops without causing any significant damage to the crop plants. This effect is mainly observed at low rates of application.
  • compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the defoliation and/or desiccation of plant parts.
  • compositions have been found for the desiccation and/or defoliation of sunflower plants, processes for preparing these compositions, and methods for desiccating and/or defoliat- ing sunflower plants using the compositions according to the invention.
  • compositions according to the invention are suitable in particular for desiccating the above-ground parts of sunflowers. This makes possible the fully mechanical harvesting of these plants. Also of economic interest is the facilitation of harvesting, which is made possible by concentrating within a certain period of time the dehiscence, or reduction of adhesion to the plant.
  • the crop protection product In crop protection products, it is desirable in principle to increase the specificity and the reliability of the action of active compounds. In particular, it is desirable for the crop protection product to control the harmful plants effectively and, at the same time, to be tolerated by the useful plants in question. It is known that in some cases better crop plant compatibility can be achieved by joint application of specifically acting herbicides with organic active compounds, which act as antidotes or antagonists. Owing to the fact that they can reduce or even prevent damage to the crop plants, they are also referred to as safeners. It is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide herbicidal compositions, which are highly active against unwanted harmful plants, and, at the same time, the compositions should have good compatibility with useful plants. In addition, the compositions according to the invention should have a broad spectrum of activity. This object is also achieved by the herbicidal active compositions comprising at least one herbicide A as defined herein and at least one fungicide B as defined herein.
  • the crop protection compositions comprise an herbicidally effective amount of the composition according to the invention, i.e. at least one herbicide A or an agriculturally useful salt thereof and at least one further active compound B, and also auxiliaries customary for formulating crop protection agents as defined herein.
  • the required application rate of pure active compound composition i.e. A and B and, if appropriate, C without formulation auxiliaries depends on the composition of the plant stand, on the development stage of the plants, on the climatic conditions at the site of use and on the application technique.
  • the application rate of A and B is from 0.001 to 3 kg/ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2.5 kg/ha and in particular from 0.01 to 2 kg/ha of active substance (a.s.).
  • the required application rates of the herbicide A are generally in the range of from 0.0005 kg/ha to 2.5 kg/ha and preferably in the range of from 0.005 kg/ha to 2 kg/ha or 0.01 kg/ha to 1.5 kg/h of a.s.
  • the required application rates of the fungicide B are generally in the range of from
  • the required application rates of the optional safener C are generally in the range of from 0.0005 kg/ha to 2.5 kg/ha and preferably in the range of from 0.005 kg/ha to 2 kg/ha or 0.01 kg/ha to 1.5 kg/h of a.s.
  • compositions according to the invention are applied to the plants mainly by spraying the leaves.
  • the application can be carried out using, for example, water as carrier by customary spraying techniques using spray liquor amounts of from about 100 to 1000 l/ha (for example from 300 to 400 l/ha).
  • the herbicidal compositions may also be applied by the low-volume or the ultra-low-volume method, or in the form of mi- crogranules.
  • herbicidal compositions according to the present invention can be done before, during and/or after, preferably during and/or after, the emergence of the undesirable plants.
  • the herbicidal compositions according to the present invention can be applied pre- or post-emergence or together with the seed of a crop plant. It is also possible to apply the compounds and compositions by applying seed, pretreated with a composition of the invention, of a crop plant. If the active compounds A and B and, if appropriate C, are less well tolerated by certain crop plants, application techniques may be used in which the herbicidal compositions are sprayed, with the aid of the spraying equipment, in such a way that as far as possible they do not come into contact with the leaves of the sensitive crop plants, while the active compounds reach the leaves of undesirable plants growing underneath, or the bare soil surface (post-directed, lay-by).
  • the composition to be used according to the invention can be applied by treating seed.
  • the treatment of seed comprises essentially all procedures familiar to the person skilled in the art (seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping and seed pelleting) based on the compounds of the formula I according to the invention or the compositions prepared therefrom.
  • the herbicidal compositions can be applied diluted or undiluted.
  • seed comprises seed of all types, such as, for example, corns, seeds, fruits, tubers, seedlings and similar forms.
  • the term seed describes corns and seeds.
  • the seed used can be seed of the sunflower plants mentioned above, but also the seed of transgenic plants or plants obtained by customary breeding methods.
  • the rates of application of the active compound are from 0.0001 to 3.0, preferably 0.01 to 1.0 kg/ha of active substance (a.s.), depending on the control target, the season, the target plants and the growth stage.
  • the compounds I are generally employed in amounts of from 0.001 to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed.
  • compositions of the present invention on their own or jointly in combination with other crop protection agents, for example with agents for controlling pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria or with groups of active compounds which regulate growth.
  • other crop protection agents for example with agents for controlling pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria or with groups of active compounds which regulate growth.
  • miscibility with mineral salt solutions which are employed for treating nutritional and trace element deficiencies.
  • Non-phytotoxic oils and oil concentrates can also be added.
  • compositions to be used according to the present invention comprising at least an herbicide A and a fungicide B, and optionally one or more saf- eners C, on the growth of undersirable plants and the safening action on crops was demonstrated by the following greenhouse experiments:
  • the culture containers used were plastic pots containing loamy sand with approximately 3.0% of humus as substrate.
  • the seeds of the test plants were sown separately for each species.
  • the active compounds suspended or emulsified in water, were applied directly after sowing by means of finely distributing nozzles.
  • the containers were irrigated gently to promote germination and growth and subsequently covered with transparent plastic hoods until the plants had rooted. This cover caused uniform germination of the test plants unless this was adversely affected by the active compounds.
  • test plants were grown to a plant height of from 3 to 15 cm, depending on the plant habit, and only then treated with the active compounds which had been suspended or emulsified in water.
  • the test plants were either sown directly, and grown in the same containers, or they were first grown separately as seedlings and transplanted into the test containers a few days prior to treatment.
  • the plants were kept at 10 - 25°C and 20 - 35°C, respectively.
  • the test period extended over 2 to 4 weeks. During this time, the plants were tended and their response to the individual treatments was evaluated.
  • Evaluation was carried out using a scale from 0 to 100. 100 means no emergence of the plants, or complete destruction of at least the above-ground parts, and 0 means no damage or normal course of growth. Good herbicidal activity is given at values of at least 70, and very good herbicidal activity is given at values of at least 85.
  • test period extended over 20 and 21 days, respectively. During this time, the plants were tended, and their reaction to the treatment with active compound was monitored.
  • X percent activity using active compound A at an application rate a
  • E expected activity (in %) by A + B at application rates a + b.
  • compositions to be used according to the invention are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
  • plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds.
  • the compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases: Albugo spp. (white rust) on sunflowers (e. g. A. tragopogonis); Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers; Plasmopara spp., e. g. P. halstedii on sunflowers; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on sunflowers (e. g. P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on sunflowers (e. g. S. sclerotiorum).
  • compositions to be used according to the invention are employed as such or in formulated form for treating the fungi or the sunflower plants, the locus where the sunflower plants grow or are to grow or plant propagation material, especially sunflower seeds, to be protected from fungal attack or plant propagation material, especially sun- flower seeds, from which the sunflower plants are to grow to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the active substances.
  • the application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or locus by the fungi.
  • “Locus” means the growth medium or environment in which a plant is growing or is intend to grow. Especially, it means the soil in which the plant grows or is intended to grow.
  • Plant propagation materials may be treated with composition according to the invention as such or in formulated form prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
  • the crop protection compositions can be prepared and used as defined before.
  • Such formulations comprise a fungicidally effective amount of the composition according to the present invention.
  • effective amount denotes an amount of the at least one herbicide A and the at least one fungicide B, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants.
  • Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant species , the climatic conditions and the specific compounds A and B used.
  • Water-soluble concentrates (LS), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treat- ment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES) emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds.
  • These compositions can be applied to plant propagation materials, particularly seeds, diluted or undiluted.
  • the compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing.
  • Methods for applying or treating agrochemical compounds and compositions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in- furrow application methods of the propagation material.
  • the compounds or the compositions thereof, respectively are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.
  • a suspension-type (FS) composition is used for seed treatment.
  • a FS composition may comprise 1 -800 g/l of active substance, 1 -200 g/l Surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l antifreezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.
  • the active substance concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.001 to 1 % by weight of active substance.
  • the active substances may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active substance, or even to apply the active substance without additives.
  • UUV ultra-low-volume process
  • the amounts of active substances applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
  • active substance In treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds, e. g. by dusting, coating or drenching seed, amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
  • Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, other herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.
  • Adjuvants which can be used are in particular organic modified polysiloxanes such as Break Thru S 240 ® ; alcohol alkoxylates such as Atplus 245 ® , Atplus MBA 1303 ® , Plu- rafac LF 300 ® and Lutensol ON 30 ® ; EO/PO block polymers, e. g. Pluronic RPE 2035 ® and Genapol B ® ; alcohol ethoxylates such as Lutensol XP 80 ® ; and dioctyl sulfosuccin- ate sodium such as Leophen RA ® .
  • organic modified polysiloxanes such as Break Thru S 240 ®
  • alcohol alkoxylates such as Atplus 245 ® , Atplus MBA 1303 ® , Plu- rafac LF 300 ® and Lutensol ON 30 ®
  • EO/PO block polymers e. g. Pluronic RPE 20
  • compositions according to the present invention were demonstrated by the following experiments:
  • compositions to be used according to the present invention may also be used for improving the health of a sunflower plant.
  • plant health is to be understood to denote a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other such as yield (e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), plant vigor (e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves ("greening effect"), quality (e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • yield e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients
  • plant vigor e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves ("greening effect")
  • quality e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients
  • tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients
  • the aforementioned methods for increasing the health of a sunflower plant comprises treating the plant propagules, preferably the seeds of a sunflower plant selected from the group consisting of transgenic or non-transgenic sun- flower plants with a composition to be used according to the present invention.
  • the health of a plant is increased synergistically.
  • the term "synergistically effective amount” refers to the fact that the purely additive effect (in mathematical terms) of the application of the individual compounds is surpassed by the application of the used composition.
  • the synergistic increase of the health of a plant is more than surprising, since it can be assumed that fungicidal compounds and herbicides have completely different mode of actions.
  • the term "effective amount” denotes an amount of the compositions used according to the invention, which is sufficient for achieving the synergistic plant health effects, in particular the yield effects as defined herein. More exemplary information about amounts, ways of application and suitable ratios to be used is given below. The skilled artisan is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, e.g. the treated cultivated plant as well as the climatic and soil conditions.
  • health of a plant or “plant health” is defined as a condition of a plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other such as increased yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • composition of the invention cannot be explained just by the fungicidal and/or herbicidal activities of the components A, B and optionally C, but are based on further activity profiles.
  • application of the inventive compositions can also be carried out in the absence of pest pressure.
  • yield is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, or seeds or even straw.
  • the plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.
  • "increased yield" of a plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the composition used according to the invention.
  • Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant:
  • chlorophyll content has a positive correlation with the plant's photosynthesis rate and accordingly, the higher the chlorophyll content the higher the yield of a plant
  • yield refers to grains and seeds.
  • Yiin is to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after harvesting, e.g. grains, seeds, straw etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant.
  • the yield is increased by at least 5 %, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 %. In general, the yield increase may even be higher.
  • the plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
  • Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant:
  • enhanced photosynthetic activity e.g. based on increased stomatal conductance and/or increased CO2 assimilation rate
  • the plant vigor is increased by at least 5 %, prefer- able by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 %. In general, the plant vigor increase may even be higher.
  • enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the compositions to be used according to the present invention.
  • Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product:
  • the quality of a plant and/or its products is increased by at least 5 %, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 %. In general, the quality of a plant and/or its products increase may even be higher.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors.
  • Biotic and abiotic stress can have harmful effects on plants. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes.
  • "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors” means (1 .) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with the composition to be used accord- ing to the invention and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the composition on the stress factors, e.g.
  • Biotic stress can be caused by living organisms, such as pests (for example insects, arachnides, nematodes) competing plants (for example weeds), microorganisms (such as phythopatho- genie fungi and/or bacteria) and/or viruses.
  • Negative factors caused by abiotic stress are also well-known and can often be observed as reduced plant vigor (see above), for example: dotted leaves, "burned leaves", reduced growth, less flowers, less biomass, less crop yields, reduced nutritional value of the crops, later crop maturity, to give just a few examples.
  • Abiotic stress can be caused for example by:
  • inorganic pollution for example by heavy metal contaminants.
  • the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress is increased by at least 5 %, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 %.
  • the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress increase may even be higher.
  • Advantageous properties, obtained especially from treated seeds, are e.g. improved germination and field establishment, better vigor and/or a more homogenous field establishment.
  • the above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other. For example, an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress may lead to a better plant vigor, e.g.
  • composition to be used according to the invention increases the yield of a plant or its product.
  • the composition to be used according to the invention is used for increasing the plant weight and/or the plant biomass (e.g. overall fresh weight) and/or the grain yield and/or the number of tillers.
  • the composition to be used according to the invention increases the vigor of a plant or its product.
  • composition to be used according to the invention increases the quality of a plant or its product.
  • composition to be used according to the invention increases the tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against biotic stress.
  • composition to be used according to the invention in- creases the tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against abiotic stress.
  • the composition to be used according to the invention increases the tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against drought stress. In another preferred embodiment, the composition to be used according to the invention increases the tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against cold stress. In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition to be used according to the invention increases the tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against heat stress.
  • One of the most important factors for the increased resistance against biotic and abiotic stress is the stimulation of the plan's natural defense reactions after the application of the compositions to be used according to the present invention.
  • compositions to be used according to the invention are employed by treating the plant, plant propagation material (preferably seed), locus in which a plant is growing or may grow with an effective amount of the active compounds.
  • the application can be carried out in the absence of pest pressure and/or both before and after an infection of the locus, plants or plant propagation materials (preferably seeds) by pests.
  • compositions When preparing the compositions, it is preferred to employ the pure active compounds, to which further active compounds against pests, such as insecticides, other herbicides, other fungicides or else growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers can be added as further active components according to need.
  • pests such as insecticides, other herbicides, other fungicides or else growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers can be added as further active components according to need.
  • compositions to be used according to the present invention comprising compounds A, B and optionally compound C are used in "effective amounts". This means that they are used in a quantity which allows to obtain the desired effect which is a synergistic increase of the health of a plant but which does not give rise to any phytotoxic symptom on the treated plant.
  • the composition comprises, depending on various parameters such as the treated plant species, the weather conditions or the specific mixture:
  • a variant of the present invention also comprises seed treatment with component B followed by foliar spraying with component A.
  • Seed treatment can be made into the seedbox before planting into the field.
  • amounts of from 0.01 g to 3 kg, in particular amounts from 0.01 g to 1 kg of the composition to be used according to the invention are generally required per 100 kg of plant propagation material (preferably seed).
  • amounts of from 0.01 g to 250 g of composition are required per 100 kg of plant propagation material (preferably seed).
  • amounts of from 0.01 g to 150 g of composition are required per 100 kg of plant.
  • the compounds are employed in amounts which result in a synergistic effect.
  • the pesticidal composition for increasing the health of a plant comprises a liquid or solid carrier and a composition as described above.
  • compositions can be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules as described herein.
  • compositions preferably contain the at least one compound A and the at least one compound B in synergistically effective amounts, i.e. in a weight ratio of A and B such that a synergistic effect takes place.
  • the relative amount i.e.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one compound A and the at least one compound B in the composition provides for an increased herbi- cidal or fungicidal efficacy or an increased plant health effect on at least one weed or harmful fungus or plant health criterion which exceeds the additive herbicidal/fungicidal efficacy/plant health increasing effect of the compounds of the composition as calculated from the herbicidal/fungicidal efficacy/plant health increasing efficacy of the individ- ual compounds at a given application rate.
  • the calculation of the additive efficacies can be performed e.g. by Colby's formula (Colby, S.R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide Combinations", Weeds, 15, 20-22, 1967).
  • the at least one compound of the formula A and the at least one compound B are preferably present in the compositions of the present invention in a total weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1 :100, more preferably from 50:1 to 1 :50, even more preferably from 20:1 to 1 :20, and in particular from 10:1 to 1 :10, e.g. from 5:1 to 1 :5 or from 3:1 to 1 :3 or from 2:1 to 1 :2.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'une composition agrochimique contenant au moins un herbicide spécifique et au moins un fongicide spécifique pour lutter contre la végétation indésirable dans les cultures de tournesol (Helianthus annuus), pour la dessiccation et/ou la défoliation du tournesol, pour lutter contre les champignons phytopathogènes du tournesol et pour améliorer la santé des plants de tournesol. L'invention concerne en outre une méthode permettant de lutter contre la végétation indésirable dans les cultures de tournesol, une méthode pour la dessiccation et/ou la défoliation des plants de tournesol, une méthode permettant de lutter contre les champignons phytopathogènes du tournesol et une méthode permettant d'améliorer la santé du tournesol, par l'utilisation de ladite composition. L'invention concerne également ladite composition agrochimique contenant au moins un herbicide spécifique et au moins un fongicide spécifique.
PCT/EP2013/053920 2012-03-01 2013-02-27 Utilisation d'une composition agrochimique à action fongicide, herbicide et améliorant la santé des plantes avec le tournesol WO2013127843A1 (fr)

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US61/605,201 2012-03-01

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