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WO2013183030A2 - Procédé et appareils d'amélioration d'efficacité d'accès opportuniste au spectre électromagnétique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareils d'amélioration d'efficacité d'accès opportuniste au spectre électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013183030A2
WO2013183030A2 PCT/IB2013/054683 IB2013054683W WO2013183030A2 WO 2013183030 A2 WO2013183030 A2 WO 2013183030A2 IB 2013054683 W IB2013054683 W IB 2013054683W WO 2013183030 A2 WO2013183030 A2 WO 2013183030A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resources
radio
electromagnetic spectrum
opportunistic
primary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/054683
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013183030A3 (fr
Inventor
Alessandro Striuli
Original Assignee
Itec Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itec Srl filed Critical Itec Srl
Publication of WO2013183030A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013183030A2/fr
Publication of WO2013183030A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013183030A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the main scope of the present invention relates to the opportunistic use of the TV radio spectrum for short and medium range applications.
  • electromagnetic spectrum stipulates that these resources are primarily allocated for certain purposes and users, which are called primary users. However, when the primary users do not use these resources, other users can have the opportunity to use said resources of the electromagnetic spectrum. Said other users, who can access those resources of the
  • the opportunistic access to radio spectrum assumes that a secondary user uses certain frequencies only "when” and "where" the primary user is not using them.
  • the primary user is the owner of the right to use these frequencies whenever it needs them, and only when they are not used by the primary user it is possible to make them available for other purposes for the benefit of other users which, for this reason, are called secondary users.
  • the fundamental problem in this type of access to radio spectrum consists in establishing whether the primary user is not using certain frequencies.
  • White Space portion of the radio spectrum that becomes available for radio applications in a given time and in a given geographical area that do not disturb the primary services and other services with the highest priority .
  • the opportunistic access is therefore performed on these "White Spaces", defined as just reported.
  • the activities aimed to the efficient exploitation of the "White Spaces” is not just about technology, but they are also defining the regulatory and standardization frameworks needed for a fast and practical exploitation of the opportunistic access methods.
  • the CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
  • the opportunistic access to the television band is a possibility that, if
  • Methods based on “carrier sensing” are based on measurements taken by the secondary systems that, before starting to transmit, check that the frequency band they intend to use is not already occupied with other transmissions.
  • the "carrier sensing" function is in general implemented in DSA devices, as well as for the detection of WS, also to handle the eventual disturbances and to avoid to produce disturbances to other eventual secondary users.
  • Methods based on "data base” requires that the primary user declares in advance where and when it intends to transmit (or not to transmit) in the band assigned to him, and that it makes such information available in a database. In this way, secondary users can refer to this data base and use the radio band when and where this does not serve the primary user.
  • the main scope of the present invention is to propose a method and related apparatuses which permit the use of frequencies in an opportunistic manner to a greater extent than it is implemented with the methods and apparatuses according to the known art.
  • This object is achieved through the use of secondary transmitter apparatus or system capable of transmitting radio signals through the opportunistic occupation of resources of the electromagnetic spectrum, and characterized in that said secondary transmitter apparatus or system has means to execute a procedure to verify that no primary receiver systems active in an area surrounding said second transmitter device is receiving on a channel that uses said resources of the electromagnetic spectrum opportunistically occupied by said secondary transmitter apparatus or system.
  • the terms apparatus or device or system are used interchangeably. This is due to the fact that both the transmitters and the receivers are always systems composed of at least an element of signal processing and an element of radio transceiver, and that, in the case of systems embedded in contexts of opportunistic use of radio resources, there are also additional elements for information processing. In many cases all of these parts can be integrated as functions of a single apparatus or device, in other cases they can be distinguished.
  • a typical example of system that, in general, is not integrated in a single apparatus is given by the primary television receivers: in fact the television receiving antenna is usually located away from the TV set or the decoder needed to complete the reception of television channels.
  • figure 1 shows a case of opportunistic use of radio band according to the prior art
  • figure 2 shows a case of opportunistic use of the radio band according to the invention in a simple case
  • figure 3 shows a case of opportunistic use of the radio band according to the invention in a more general case
  • figure 4 shows a case of opportunistic use of the radio band according to the invention in a case characterized by a possible variation.
  • FIG 1 the essential elements involved in an application of opportunistic access to the radio band are shown.
  • the number 100 designates a
  • the number 130 indicates a primary receiver that receives from the primary station 100, and must not be disturbed by interferences on the transmission frequency on that it is receiving.
  • the number 200 indicates a secondary station which can transmit on frequencies of a primary user when he does not use it.
  • the number 301 indicates a house inside which the secondary station 200 is placed.
  • the considered primary receiver is a system consisting of an antenna for television reception 1 10 and a television 120 that tunes to a channel transmitted by the primary station 100.
  • a local communications network 310 that allows the exchange of information between the TV 120 and the secondary station 200 is also highlighted.
  • FIG 3 a more general scenario is represented in which there is more than one house, and so, in addition to the house 301 , there is also an house 302.
  • a network WTL (Watch Television Lan) 220, and a WTL server 210 are also shown.
  • the network WTL 220 precisely supports the communication among the devices connected to the various networks 310 of the single homes and optionally with a WTL server 210.
  • the WTL server 210 is a server which can store a database that can contain information about the status of reception and transmission of the various primary and secondary transmitters and receivers. In particular it is important that such WTL server 210 contains updated information on the state of tune of the primary receivers: it is essential that what the primary receivers are getting is known, instant by instant, since such reception must be preserved free from any interference potentially caused by secondary transmitters 200.
  • the secondary transmitter systems 200 are provided with means to communicate with a remote server and means for executing programs for consultation of a computer data base, and that the primary receiver systems are provided with means to communicate with a remote server and to update some of the data stored in said server.
  • the television 120 may communicate the channel which it is tuned to by means of a radio transmission system which allows to carry out a
  • transmission 230 which can be received from the secondary transmitters 200 which are present in the area reached by the transmission 230.
  • the secondary transmitters 200 should be able to receive the transmission 230 carried by the primary receiver systems.
  • the secondary transmitters systems according to the invention must be able to acquire configuration parameters in order to exclude the use of certain resources of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the resources that are used for the transmission of signals on which there is some primary receiver tuned to, in the surrounding area shall be excluded.
  • Such a configuration can be acquired from secondary transmitters in different ways: may be the possibility of manual configuration, such as automatic. In the case of automatic configurations, it can be computed on the basis of information collected from suitable data base or information received from other means.
  • the basis of the invention is, first of all, a more careful reading of the aforementioned definition of "White Space” as: "portion of the radio spectrum that becomes available for radio applications in a given time and in a given geographical area that do not disturb the primary services and other services with the highest priority .
  • the television signal has certain values in outdoor environment and in free space (i.e., in the roofs where are normally placed the receiving antennas of the televisions) and significantly attenuated values in indoor environments.
  • free space i.e., in the roofs where are normally placed the receiving antennas of the televisions
  • significantly attenuated values in indoor environments i.e., in the roofs where are normally placed the receiving antennas of the televisions.
  • portable TVs with built-in antenna receive badly, and not all channels, when they are used in indoor environments.
  • the transmission could take place, by a secondary transmitter at relatively low power, it would suffice to remain 20-30 dB above the attenuated television signal (which, as mentioned, is usually not very intense) present in the indoor environment in which the secondary communication is established.
  • these antennas while still receiving all the TV channels are typically used to receive only one channel at a time (or a few channels at a time).
  • channel (referring to a TV transmission) is the radio resource necessary for the transmission of a television service: it is clear that, in general, multiple services are multiplexed on a carrier using a time division multiplexing, then each TV channel uses a radio resource defined in frequency and in time, and such resource, so understood, may be considered available for possible opportunistic use.
  • Figure 2 helps to exemplify, in a simple case, the basic idea.
  • the transmitting primary station 100 (in this case a television tower) transmits many channels, all received by the antenna 110 of the home 301 , but the TV receiver 120 of the home 301 is tuned to a single channel (or few channels, in a more general case). If the secondary station 200 transmits on a physical channels on which the receivers 120 inside the house 301 are not tuned to, they can continue to receive the channels they are tuned to, without being affected by noise.
  • the idea is to perform the secondary transmission only in the physical channels that no one in the area that is disturbed, is receiving (i.e. channels that no one is watching or recording): in fact any damage is determined in interfering channel in an area where no one is tuned into that channel.
  • each secondary transmitter 200 may be aware of the channel or channels that TVs 120 are tuned to and which channels may be disturbed.
  • TV frequencies are made to be received by televisions, and television sets are systems of a certain complexity, then they can be easily arranged to work in a mode that supports methods for the opportunistic use of television frequencies, for example they can provide the information relating to their tune.
  • the primary receivers may be equipped with means to export information about the physical radio resources that in a given time must not be caught, and such information may be easily made available on a database or, in general , on any device suitable for the storage of information in electronic format.
  • a particular embodiment of the present invention assumes that the primary receiver systems, and in particular the televisions 120, are equipped with means of communication to transmit to a remote server the data that allow to trace the radio resources on which there must be no disturbance, so they can receive correctly on said radio resources.
  • the first question that arises analyzing the general case concerns the precautions to be taken to reduce the number of antennas for television reception within the disturbed area.
  • each secondary transmitter 200 receive TV signals coming from the top or from the horizon and their reception lobes are certainly not on the downside, while the secondary transmitters 200 are, as a rule, in a lower position than the television antennas 1 10 as they are generally placed inside the premises.
  • the nearest television receiving antenna 110 is the one serving the television receivers 120 of these environments: these receivers may then communicate the channels on which they are tuned to the secondary transmitter 200, and then the closest television antenna 110, even if it is inside the disturbed space, can be free from serious disorders as the channels on which the receivers 120 connected to this antenna 110 are tuned to can be left free from secondary transmissions.
  • the most serious problem is posed for the antennas 110 placed inside the space disturbed by the
  • Figure 3 illustrates such a scenario, in which you can define and implement a sort of joint management of information about the channels on which the various televisions 120 are tuned. In figure 3 it is assumed the
  • a WTL Watch Television LAN
  • server WTL 210 The ability to connect to the server WTL 210 through a network 220 (which can also be a virtual network) allows: the television receiver 120 to
  • the WTL 220 in this case, could be a protected and closed network, accessible only from certain devices that would be enabled to pass only a few type of M2M type (Machine to Machine) communications in which the security of the data would be easily manageable using known methods.
  • M2M type Machine to Machine
  • the information about the tuned channel can be communicated with a "powerline” technique to the "smart meters” that manages the loads of the premises in which the receivers television 120 are present.
  • the "smart meter” is, by definition, electronically
  • FIG. 4 illustrates this case.
  • the residence 301 is not provided with a local network 310 then describes the case that the television receiver 120 that is located inside the house 301 communicates the channel on which it is tuned through a radio communication carried out with the antenna 110 (as in the case in the figure) or with another antenna that could be installed near the television receiving antenna 110.
  • Such radio communication is represented by the dotted arrow, and with the number 230.
  • FIG 4 is represented a secondary transmitter 200 which is located inside the house 302: in this way, said secondary transmitter 200 which is located inside the house 302 is in the condition to transmit in an opportunistic manner using channels that do not disturb the reception of the television receiver 120 that is located inside of the house 301.
  • This method provides a solution that can be adopted by those who do not own a "Connected TV", and represents an alternative way to have a
  • the method just described has the disadvantages of requiring the set up of a transmission system to support the communication 230, but it also has some advantages: it allows the protected viewing of television programs also in a scenario of non-connected TVs, and directly affects only the secondary transmitters 200 that are located in the vicinity of the television receiver 120 that should not be disturbed.
  • communication 230 should be standardized, and the TV wishing to have recourse to such communication should be made compatible with this operation (it could be a single object replacing the decoder or a new
  • a further method for preserving certain channels from potential disturbances in a given area trivially consists in the possibility to directly configure the secondary transmitters 200 so that they do not use one or more channels at certain times. Even this option, which can be seen as a characteristic of the secondary transmitters 200, as better explained later, can be of some utility in certain scenarios.
  • a further advantage of the method is that it can be introduced gradually. In fact it can be expected that, initially, only a limited number of channels is usable in an opportunistic manner by secondary transmitters 200 according to the teachings of the present invention. These channels would therefore have a guarantee not to be disturbed only for users who are equipped to
  • a person who wish to continue to use an old TV, not prepared to communicate its tune would still be able to "defend himself" with alternative methods, e.g. by shielding the antenna from the side of neighbor jammers, or communicating in any other way to keep some channels protected (e.g. by paying an extra fee, a user can preserve free from noise up to a maximum of N channels) in his area.
  • the secondary transmitter devices 200 that may interfere with a particular user referring to "WTL server" 210 would find the information about the channels not to be used opportunistically in that given area.
  • An additional mechanism that might be expected, is to manually enter in the secondary transmitter device 200 one or more channels not to be used. This feature may be useful, for example, for a user who had an old portable TV kept into his garage and used to see some channels while dedicating his hobbies (it is obviously an example), well in this way such user could
  • the concept is that the application of the present invention can take place without the old TVs, which will continue to exist for a long time, become totally unusable in a short time, but they may continue to be used, perhaps with a guarantee of vision for a smaller number of channels only, or using some measures by the user himself.
  • the “Spectrum Sensing” also called “Carrier Sensing”
  • the WI-FI RFP unlicensed band
  • Said performance in the future, will also be used by secondary transmitters devices to avoid interference with the primary user.
  • Coordination among potential users of the same opportunistically used frequency band can be managed by methods similar to the known ones or evolutions of these, due to the availability of a hardware dedicated to the "Spectrum Sensing".
  • each secondary transmitter device is not only equipped with hardware suitable for the "Spectrum Sensing", but also that it is an apparatus arranged to consult a remote "data base”.
  • each secondary transmitter device both according to the prior art and to the invention
  • This server not only can contain and provide information on televisions, it can also keep track of other active secondary transmitters, and provide this information for purposes of coordination of the various active secondary transmitters (many algorithms can be proposed in this latter matter).
  • a possible application of the inventive idea is that secondary transmitters devices are expected to behave, in the first instance, like the devices according to the prior art and refer to a remote "data base" for access to information about the transmission by primary users on each frequency.
  • the devices can detect the presence of a "White Space” in its area (according to the current meaning), and then can transmit according to the known methods that are already agreeing in many countries.
  • these "White Spaces” would be too rare or practically non-existent in many large areas, nevertheless the information on the user's primary transmission is also very useful for the application of the present invention.
  • the secondary transmitter device which, as mentioned, will also have electric field sensors, can compare the predicted power of the primary signal (under open field propagation
  • the secondary transmitter device can estimate the extra-attenuation due to the fact of being in an indoor environment. It is clear that this information is very useful even in the context of the present invention, to decide on which channel to transmit and at what power.
  • the secondary transmitter device will search the channel that allows it to transmit at the lowest possible power (so determining the smaller circle within which shall check that there are no televisions tuned). This information will also be useful to make sure that the secondary transmitter device has different behaviors when installed in attics or terraces or in very internal indoor environments, and this will ensure that even the owners of these devices are encouraged to observe certain guidelines in placing their devices. Who will place his device near to a window, outdoors or in other positions particularly disturbing, would not have great performance as those who place it in the innermost room of his apartment.
  • the terminals too can use information derived by "Spectrum Sensing", and even this information can be useful to determine how the terminal is shielded with respect to the free space.
  • the establishment of a connection on opportunistic frequency bands is, on the one hand, rightly more articulated, on the other it can still rely on many pieces of information that allows to search for the frequencies on which the transmissions can be performed at the lowest possible power. It is clear that the establishment of these connections will also make use of slightly more articulated control protocols than the current ones since they must manage some additional evaluations for the choice of radio resource to be committed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, une partie substantielle du spectre électromagnétique est réservée à des émissions de diffusion sur de grandes zones. Il est possible que dans certaines zones et durant certains intervalles temporels, aucun récepteur ne soit mis en marche dans la réception de certains signaux émis selon un mode de diffusion. Il est possible que l'intensité des signaux de diffusion émis sur de grandes zones soit faible dans de nombreux environnements, en particulier, un grand nombre de signaux de télévision ont des niveaux de faible puissance dans des environnements extérieurs. La présente invention porte sur des procédés et des appareils d'émission secondaire qui permettent à des utilisateurs secondaires d'utiliser des ressources radio occupées par des émissions de diffusion primaires. Ceci est possible dans des zones où de telles émissions primaires ne sont pas particulièrement intenses, et dans des circonstances où il est possible de vérifier que lesdits utilisateurs secondaires ne perturbent pas un quelconque récepteur accordé sur le signal diffusé.
PCT/IB2013/054683 2012-06-08 2013-06-07 Procédé et appareils d'amélioration d'efficacité d'accès opportuniste au spectre électromagnétique WO2013183030A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000018A ITVE20120018A1 (it) 2012-06-08 2012-06-08 Metodo ed apparati per migliorare l'efficienza dell'accesso opportunistico allo spettro elettromagnetico
ITVE2012A000018 2012-06-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013183030A2 true WO2013183030A2 (fr) 2013-12-12
WO2013183030A3 WO2013183030A3 (fr) 2014-03-13

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IT (1) ITVE20120018A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013183030A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8644851B2 (en) * 2009-10-20 2014-02-04 Nokia Corporation Channel availability for white-space devices, associated apparatus and methods
JP5370891B2 (ja) * 2010-02-23 2013-12-18 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 無線通信システム，該システムに設置される共存マネージャー，及び無線通信方法
US8654721B2 (en) * 2010-08-04 2014-02-18 Intel Mobile Communications GmbH Communication devices, method for data communication, and computer program product
TWI524799B (zh) * 2010-10-12 2016-03-01 內數位專利控股公司 電視閒置頻段頻道選擇及網路配置以服務為基礎之方法
US20120120887A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Systems, apparatuses, and methods to support dynamic spectrum access in wireless networks

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WO2013183030A3 (fr) 2014-03-13

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