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WO2013031689A1 - Procédé et appareil de purification de l'eau contenant une substance radioactive et/ou un métal lourd - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de purification de l'eau contenant une substance radioactive et/ou un métal lourd Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013031689A1
WO2013031689A1 PCT/JP2012/071461 JP2012071461W WO2013031689A1 WO 2013031689 A1 WO2013031689 A1 WO 2013031689A1 JP 2012071461 W JP2012071461 W JP 2012071461W WO 2013031689 A1 WO2013031689 A1 WO 2013031689A1
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Prior art keywords
solid
liquid separation
water
heavy metal
unit
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PCT/JP2012/071461
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
前田智宏
谷口雅英
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東レ株式会社
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Publication of WO2013031689A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013031689A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/10—Processing by flocculation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a purification device for purifying seawater, river water, groundwater, wastewater treated water containing radioactive substances and / or heavy metals.
  • Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Patent Documents 1 and 2 increase the amount of waste containing radioactive substances and heavy metals. Or the cost of the flocculant and the adsorbent increases.
  • adsorbents such as activated carbon, ion exchange resin, and zeolite are generally packed in an adsorption device and used, so it is possible to take out adsorbents enriched with radioactive substances and heavy metals online. It was difficult and there was a problem in removing the adsorbent in which radioactive materials and heavy metals were concentrated safely.
  • MF membrane microfiltration membrane
  • UF membrane ultrafiltration membrane
  • RO membrane reverse osmosis membrane
  • NF membrane nanofiltration membrane
  • An object of the present invention is to efficiently remove radioactive substances and / or heavy metals from seawater, river water, groundwater, wastewater treated water, etc. containing radioactive substances and / or heavy metals.
  • the method for purifying radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, A method for purifying a radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water, which comprises subjecting the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water to humic substances and then performing solid-liquid separation treatment.
  • Radioactive substance comprising a humic substance supply unit for supplying humic substance to radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water, and a solid-liquid separation unit for subjecting the radioactive substance and / or mixed water containing heavy metal and humic substance to solid-liquid separation, and A device for purifying heavy metal-containing water.
  • the method for purifying radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a flocculant and an adsorbent after mixing humic substances with the radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water and before solid-liquid separation treatment. It is preferable to add at least one additive.
  • the method for purifying radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water of the present invention after the solid-liquid separation treatment, at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a flocculant and an adsorbent is added, and then the second solid-liquid It is preferable to perform a separation process.
  • a third method is provided for cleaning wastewater resulting from the step of performing solid-liquid separation and / or cleaning wastewater resulting from the step of performing second solid-liquid separation. It is preferable to perform the solid-liquid separation process.
  • the treated water obtained by the solid-liquid separation treatment and / or the treated water obtained by the second solid-liquid separation treatment is used as the radioactive substance. It is preferable to reflux to heavy metal-containing water.
  • the treated water obtained by the solid-liquid separation treatment and / or the treated water obtained by the second solid-liquid separation treatment is treated by the semipermeable membrane unit. It is preferable.
  • the permeated water after the semipermeable membrane unit treatment with an adsorption unit.
  • the apparatus for purifying radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water of the present invention adds at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a flocculant and an adsorbent to the mixed water containing the radioactive material and / or heavy metal and humic substance. It is preferable that an additive supply unit is provided.
  • the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water purification device of the present invention is a second device in which at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a flocculant and an adsorbent is added after the solid-liquid separation process in the solid-liquid separation unit.
  • the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water purification apparatus of the present invention is a third solid-liquid separation that performs solid-liquid separation treatment on the washing wastewater generated from the solid-liquid separation unit and / or the washing wastewater produced from the second solid-liquid separation unit. It is preferable to have a unit.
  • the apparatus for purifying radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water according to the present invention comprises solid-liquid separation of at least part of the treated water obtained by the solid-liquid separation unit and / or the treated water obtained by the second solid-liquid separation unit. It is preferable to provide a solid-liquid separation treated water reflux line for refluxing upstream of the unit.
  • the apparatus for purifying radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water of the present invention is a semi-permeable membrane treatment for semi-permeable membrane treatment of treated water obtained by a solid-liquid separation unit and / or treated water obtained by a second solid-liquid separation unit. It is preferable to have a membrane unit.
  • the apparatus for purifying radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water treats water obtained by solid-liquid separation treatment and / or treated water obtained by solid-liquid separation from permeated water after semi-permeable membrane unit treatment. It is preferable to have an adsorption unit.
  • radioactive water and / or heavy metals can be efficiently removed from seawater, river water, groundwater, wastewater treated water, etc. containing radioactive materials and / or heavy metals, and safe water that can be discharged or reused is produced. It becomes possible to do. Further, it is possible to easily treat the waste mud component containing a radioactive substance and / or heavy metal concentrated at a high concentration.
  • the purification apparatus for radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water includes a raw waste water storage tank 1 for storing radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing waste water, a first solid-liquid separation unit 2 for filtering raw waste water, A first solid-liquid separation unit supply pump 3 for supplying raw wastewater to the first solid-liquid separation unit 2; a raw wastewater supply line 4 for supplying raw wastewater to the first solid-liquid separation unit 2; and containing humic substances
  • Solid liquid separation unit returned to the raw wastewater storage tank 1
  • the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 that obtains permeated water and concentrated water by filtering the in-water 9a and the treated water obtained by the solid-liquid separation treatment, and the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 by the solid-liquid separation treatment
  • the first booster pump 11 that supplies the treated water obtained, the adsorption unit 12 that adsorbs the permeated water of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10, and the concentrated water of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 are stored.
  • a first semipermeable membrane unit concentrated water storage tank 13 and an energy recovery unit 14 for recovering the pressure energy of the concentrated water of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 are provided.
  • raw wastewater is temporarily stored in the raw wastewater storage tank 1 and then supplied to the raw wastewater supply line 4 by the first solid-liquid separation unit supply pump 3. Is done.
  • the humic substance-containing liquid stored in the humic substance-containing liquid storage tank 5 is supplied from the humic substance-containing liquid supply pump 6 to the raw waste water supply line 4, the raw waste water and the humic substance-containing liquid are in the raw waste water supply line 4.
  • the mixed water is supplied to the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 for solid-liquid separation (invention of claim 1).
  • the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is intended for removal of radioactive substances and / or a mixture of heavy metals and humic substances, and is used for sedimentation separation, flotation separation, sand filtration, centrifugation, adsorption, precision membrane filtration and limiting.
  • Outer membrane filtration is mentioned, and it is preferable to apply membrane filtration from the viewpoint of reliably separating and removing a mixture of radioactive materials and / or heavy metals and humic substances.
  • the radioactive material and / or heavy metal-containing water and the humic substance-containing liquid are mixed in the raw wastewater supply line 4, but they are mixed in a mixing tank equipped with a stirrer, or the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water. It is also preferable to provide an in-line mixer immediately after mixing the humic substance-containing liquid.
  • Radioactive substance is a general term for substances with radioactivity, such as iodine, cesium, cobalt, ruthenium, uranium, plutonium, radium, strontium, barium, selenium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, ytterbium, Examples include nuclear fuel materials such as iridium and americium, and radioactive elements.
  • the heavy metal is a general term for metals having a specific gravity of 4 to 5 or more, but in the present invention, noble metals such as gold, silver and platinum, lead other than radioactive materials such as uranium and plutonium, zinc, copper, It means cadmium, mercury, arsenic, etc.
  • Humic substances are macromolecular organic substances synthesized by various biological and abiotic processes associated with the decomposition and corrosion of plants. They have a complex chemical structure, are indegradable and have a dark color, etc. It is a substance with characteristics, and is roughly divided into humic acid and fulvic acid. Fulvic acid is an organic substance extracted from soil or sediment by alkali or dissolved in water that does not precipitate even under strong acidity. Specifically, it is a corrosive substance rich in carboxyl groups, It is a relatively small organic substance having various molecular weights of several hundreds or less, such as sugars, glycosides, and phenolic substances.
  • humic acid is a reddish brown or dark brown organic substance extracted from soil, lake and seabed sediments, sedimentary rocks and the like by alkali and precipitated by acid, and is a relatively large organic substance having a molecular weight of 1,000 or more.
  • the humic substance-containing liquid a solution prepared by commercially available humic acid or fulvic acid having a relatively known chemical structure may be used.
  • humic soil or dead leaves are immersed in water or an alkaline solution.
  • the humic substance extract obtained in this manner surface water, seawater, sewage, agricultural wastewater, or the like containing a large amount of humic substances or concentrated water obtained by concentrating them may be used.
  • humic acid and fulvic acid may be fractionated using the property that humic acid is precipitated with acid and fulvic acid is not precipitated with acid.
  • the humic concentration of the humic substance-containing liquid is preferably 5 mg-C / L or more, more preferably 10 mg-C / L or more.
  • the humic substance concentration of the humic substance-containing liquid is within this preferred range, radioactive substances and heavy metals can be sufficiently captured, and the removal rate can be sufficiently increased.
  • a humic substance having affinity for a radioactive substance and heavy metal is added to the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal-containing water, and the mixture of the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal and humic substance is subjected to solid-liquid separation. It is characterized by purifying water, but using the property that humic acid is insolubilized by acid, it is adjusted to strong acidity in front of solid-liquid separation unit 2, and a mixture of radioactive substances and / or heavy metals and humic acid is prepared. It is also preferable to perform solid-liquid separation after insolubilization.
  • the pretreatment of the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 it is preferable to add at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a flocculant and an adsorbent and then perform the solid-liquid separation treatment ( Invention of Claim 2). In this way, the removal rate in the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 can be increased even when the size of the radioactive substance and / or the mixture of heavy metal and humic substance is small.
  • the flocculant is an additive for flocking humic acid, radioactive substances and heavy metals in water, and is roughly classified into an inorganic flocculant and an organic polymer flocculant.
  • Inorganic flocculants include aluminum flocculants such as aluminum sulfate (sulfuric acid band) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and iron flocculants such as ferric chloride and polyferric sulfate.
  • the polymer organic flocculants include cationic polymer flocculants such as aminoalkyl (meth) acrylate quaternary salt (co) polymers, anionic polymer flocculants such as acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymers,
  • cationic polymer flocculants such as aminoalkyl (meth) acrylate quaternary salt (co) polymers
  • anionic polymer flocculants such as acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymers
  • nonionic polymer flocculants such as polyacrylamide, which can be used alone or in combination with inorganic flocculants, but organic polymer flocculants can be used rather than inorganic flocculants. Since it can suppress generation
  • the pH since the effect of aggregation is greatly affected by the pH, it is preferable to adjust the pH to an appropriate range using an alkali such as caustic soda, lime or sodium bicarbonate, or an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • an alkali such as caustic soda, lime or sodium bicarbonate
  • an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • An adsorbent is an additive that adsorbs relatively small organic substances such as fulvic acid having a molecular weight of several hundred or less in water, radioactive substances, and heavy metals on a solid surface, and includes activated carbon, ion exchange resin, zeolite, bentonite, and the like. From the viewpoint of relatively easy handling, it is preferable to use powdered activated carbon.
  • the additive in the first additive storage tank 7 is appropriately selected depending on the characteristics of the humic substance-containing liquid in the humic substance-containing liquid storage tank 5.
  • the humic substance-containing liquid exists in a high proportion of humic acid alone or humic acid
  • the humic substance-containing liquid exists in a high proportion of fulvic acid alone or fulvic acid
  • an adsorbent as an additive.
  • a flocculant and an adsorbent may be used in combination.
  • the second solid-liquid separation Solid-liquid separation is preferably performed by the separation unit 16 (invention of claim 3).
  • the raw wastewater containing radioactive substances and / or heavy metals may contain suspended substances, organic substances such as sugars and proteins, and inorganic substances such as iron and aluminum.
  • the binding between the radioactive substance and / or the mixture of heavy metal and humic substance and the additives such as the flocculant and the adsorbent is hardly inhibited.
  • the additive in the second additive reservoir 17 shown in FIG. 2 may be the same additive as the additive in the first additive reservoir 7, but humic acid and fulvic acid are contained in the humic substance-containing liquid. May coexist with an additive different from the additive in the first additive storage tank 7.
  • a part of the filtrate water of the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is returned to the raw wastewater storage tank 1 by the solid-liquid separation unit filtrate water reflux line 9a and the removal rate of radioactive substances and / or heavy metals is removed.
  • (Invention of claim 5) is preferable. If it does in this way, the removal rate of the radioactive substance and / or heavy metal in the 1st solid-liquid separation unit 2 can be raised.
  • a part of the filtrate water of the second solid-liquid separation unit 16 is returned to the raw wastewater storage tank 1 through the solid-liquid separation unit filtrate water reflux line 9b (claimed). Item 5).
  • the removal rate of radioactive substances and / or heavy metals can be increased.
  • a part of the filtered water of the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is returned to the raw wastewater storage tank 1 in the solid-liquid separation unit filtered water reflux line 9a, and the second solid-liquid separation unit 2 is recirculated.
  • a part of the filtrate water of the liquid separation unit 16 is returned to the raw wastewater storage tank 1 at the same time in the solid-liquid separation unit filtrate water reflux line 9b.
  • the treated water obtained by the solid-liquid separation treatment and / or the treated water obtained by the second solid-liquid separation treatment is separated by a semipermeable membrane unit (claim 6). invention).
  • a semipermeable membrane unit (claim 6). invention).
  • radioactive substances and / or heavy metals that could not be removed by the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 can be effectively removed.
  • FIG. 1 when the filtered water of the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is separated by the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 to be separated into permeated water and concentrated water, the water quality is satisfied as it is.
  • the permeated water can be discharged or reused as purified water.
  • the permeated water of the semipermeable membrane unit 10 is subsequently treated by the adsorption unit 12. (Invention of Claim 7).
  • the concentration of radioactive substances and / or heavy metals can be reduced even when the water quality is not satisfactory even after separation treatment with the semipermeable membrane unit.
  • the filtered water of the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is adsorbed by the adsorption unit and the water quality is satisfactory, it can be discharged or reused as purified water as it is.
  • treatment with a semipermeable membrane unit may be performed to reduce the concentration of radioactive substances and / or heavy metals.
  • the applicable adsorption unit 12 is not particularly limited as long as it can adsorb radioactive substances and / or heavy metals such as activated carbon and ion exchange resin, but it has high adsorption efficiency and can be desorbed and regenerated. From this viewpoint, an anion exchange resin is optimal.
  • the concentrated water of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 is stored in the first semipermeable membrane unit concentrated water storage tank 13 after the pressure energy is recovered by the energy recovery unit 14 as necessary.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the case where the semipermeable membrane unit is a single stage having only the first semipermeable membrane unit 10, as shown in FIG. 3, the semipermeable membrane unit is replaced with the first semipermeable membrane unit 10. It is also possible to have a plurality of stages such as two stages of the second semipermeable membrane unit 20. In this case, it is possible to provide the intermediate water tank 19 and the second booster pump 21 of the second semipermeable membrane unit 20, or the permeation side of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 and the second semipermeable membrane unit. It is also possible to omit the intermediate water tank 19 or to omit the second booster pump 21 by directly connecting the supply side.
  • the recovery rates of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 and the second semipermeable membrane unit 20 are adjusted, and the second semipermeable membrane unit concentrated water is first fed through the second semipermeable membrane unit concentrated water reflux line 22. It is also possible to return to the upstream side of the semipermeable membrane unit 10 and control so that the quality of the purified water can be satisfied at a certain level.
  • sedimentation sludge and washing waste water are generated from the first solid-liquid separation unit 2.
  • the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is sand filtration or membrane separation, regular backwashing is required, so about 2 to 10% of the treated water obtained from the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 is required. Produces an amount of cleaning wastewater. Therefore, it is preferable to further separate the cleaning wastewater by the third solid-liquid separation unit 26 to reduce the volume of the cleaning wastewater (the invention of claim 4). Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the volume of washing wastewater containing radioactive substances generated from the first solid-liquid separation unit 2.
  • the third solid-liquid separation unit 26 a membrane separation apparatus is suitable.
  • a type in which the third solid-liquid separation unit 26 is immersed in a backwash waste water storage tank 25 as shown in FIG. are preferred.
  • the sedimentation sludge and washing waste water of the second solid-liquid separation unit 16 are further separated by the third solid-liquid separation unit 26 to reduce the washing waste water volume. Is more preferable. That is, it is more preferable that the washing wastewater generated from the first solid-liquid separation unit 2 and / or the washing wastewater generated from the second solid-liquid separation unit 16 is subjected to solid-liquid separation processing by the third solid-liquid separation unit 26.
  • the solid-liquid separation unit transferred from the solid-liquid separation unit treatment water tank 23 to the backwash water storage tank 24.
  • Treated water may be used, or the concentrated water of the first semipermeable membrane unit 10 or the second semipermeable membrane unit 20 may be stored in the backwash water storage tank 24 and used.
  • the sludge 27 accumulated in the third solid-liquid separation unit 26 can be disposed as it is, it is preferable to separate the sludge 27 into the dewatered sludge 29 and the sludge recovered water 30 through the sludge dewatering unit 28 as shown in FIG. It is an aspect.
  • the volume reduction method is not particularly limited, but a method using a semipermeable membrane, an evaporation method, and crystallization can be particularly preferably employed.
  • the semipermeable membrane unit applicable to the present invention is not particularly limited, but for easy handling, a hollow fiber membrane-like or flat membrane-like semipermeable membrane is housed in a casing to form a fluid separation element (element). It is preferable to use what was loaded in a pressure vessel.
  • the fluid separation element is formed of a flat membrane, for example, generally a semipermeable membrane is wound in a cylindrical shape together with a flow path material (net) around a cylindrical central pipe having a large number of holes.
  • TM700 series and TM800 series manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. can be mentioned. It is also preferable to configure the semipermeable membrane unit by connecting one or more fluid separation elements in series or in parallel.
  • the membrane structure has a dense layer on at least one side of the membrane, and on the asymmetric membrane having fine pores gradually increasing from the dense layer to the inside of the membrane or the other side, or on the dense layer of the asymmetric membrane.
  • a composite film having a very thin functional layer formed of another material may be used.
  • the feed water is concentrated. Therefore, scale inhibitors, acids and alkalis are added to the feed water of each semipermeable membrane unit to prevent scale precipitation due to concentration and to adjust pH. It is possible to In addition, it is preferable to implement scale inhibitor addition upstream from pH adjustment so that the addition effect can be exhibited. It is also preferable to prevent an abrupt concentration or pH change in the vicinity of the addition port by providing an in-line mixer immediately after the addition of the chemical, or by directly contacting the addition port with the flow of the supply water. .
  • the scale inhibitor is a substance that forms a complex with a metal, a metal ion, or the like in a solution and solubilizes the metal or metal salt, and an organic or inorganic ionic polymer or monomer can be used.
  • organic polymers synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid, sulfonated polystyrene, polyacrylamide, and polyallylamine, and natural polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, and alginic acid can be used, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can be used as a monomer.
  • polyphosphate etc. can be used as an inorganic type scale inhibitor.
  • polyphosphate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are particularly preferably used from the viewpoints of availability, ease of operation such as solubility, and cost.
  • the polyphosphate refers to a polymerized inorganic phosphate material having two or more phosphorus atoms in a molecule typified by sodium hexametaphosphate and bonded with an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and a phosphate atom.
  • Typical polyphosphates include tetrasodium pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetrapolyphosphate, sodium heptapolyphosphate, sodium decapolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and potassium salts thereof. Etc.
  • sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide are generally used as the acid and alkali, but hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide, and the like can also be used. However, it is better not to use calcium or magnesium in order to prevent an increase in scale components in seawater.
  • sand filtration when sand filtration is used for the first solid-liquid separation unit 2, gravity filtration with a naturally flowing down method can be applied, or pressure filtration with sand filled in a pressurized tank is applied. It is also possible to do.
  • sand to be filled single-component sand can be applied. For example, anthracite, silica sand, garnet, pumice, and the like can be combined to increase filtration efficiency.
  • the microfiltration membrane and the ultrafiltration membrane are not particularly limited, and a flat membrane, a hollow fiber membrane, a tubular membrane, a pleat type, or any other shape can be used as appropriate.
  • the membrane material is also particularly limited, and inorganic materials such as polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, and ceramics can be used.
  • inorganic materials such as polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, and ceramics can be used.
  • inorganic materials such as polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, and ceramics can be used.
  • radioactive water and / or heavy metals can be efficiently removed from seawater, river water, groundwater, wastewater treated water, etc. containing radioactive materials and / or heavy metals, and safe water that can be discharged or reused is produced. It becomes possible to do. Further, it is possible to easily treat the waste mud component containing a radioactive substance and / or heavy metal concentrated at a high concentration.
  • Raw waste water storage tank 2 First solid-liquid separation unit 3: First solid-liquid separation unit supply pump 4: Raw waste water supply line 5: Humic substance-containing liquid storage tank 6: Humic substance-containing liquid supply pump 7: 1st additive storage tank 8: 1st additive supply pump 9a, 9b: Solid-liquid separation unit treated water reflux line 10: 1st semipermeable membrane unit 11: 1st pressurization pump 12: Adsorption unit 13: First semipermeable membrane unit concentrated water storage tank 14: Energy recovery unit 15: Second solid-liquid separation unit supply pump 16: Second solid-liquid separation unit 17: Second additive storage tank 18: Second Additive supply pump 19: Intermediate water tank 20: Second semipermeable membrane unit 21: Second booster pump 22: Second semipermeable membrane unit concentrated water reflux line 23: Solid-liquid separation unit treated water storage tank 24: Reverse Wash water storage tank 2 : Backwash effluent storage tank 26; the third solid-liquid separation unit 27: Sludge 28: sludge dewatering unit 29: dehydrated sludge 30: S

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé de purification de l'eau contenant une substance radioactive et/ou un métal lourd qui consiste à mélanger une substance humique à l'eau contenant la substance radioactive et/ou le métal lourd avant un traitement de séparation solide-liquide. Selon cette invention, la substance radioactive et/ou le métal lourd est éliminé efficacement de l'eau de mer, des eaux fluviales, des eaux souterraines, des eaux usées traitées, etc. contenant une substance radioactive et/ou un métal lourd pour obtenir une eau potable qui peut être déchargée ou réutilisée, et en outre pour faciliter le traitement d'une boue qui contient une concentration élevée de la substance radioactive et/ou du métal lourd qui est enrichie, et ainsi de suite.
PCT/JP2012/071461 2011-09-02 2012-08-24 Procédé et appareil de purification de l'eau contenant une substance radioactive et/ou un métal lourd WO2013031689A1 (fr)

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JP2013195386A (ja) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-30 Kazuya Kamio 放射性物質による汚染構造物の除染方法及び除染装置
JP2014013236A (ja) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-23 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc 事故後の冷却液を処理し貯蔵するためのシステムおよび方法
WO2014202349A1 (fr) * 2013-06-17 2014-12-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Installation et procédé pour traiter les eaux usées non épurées
JP2015072200A (ja) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-16 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 飛灰洗浄装置および飛灰洗浄方法
JP2015225066A (ja) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-14 株式会社 エー・イー・エル 放射能汚染水中の放射性汚染物質の除去方法
EP3165276A4 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2018-01-10 PCS Co., Ltd. Procédé de substitution du tritium dans de l'eau contenant du tritium et procédé d'élimination du tritium
JP2019527291A (ja) * 2016-06-30 2019-09-26 ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー 水から金属イオンを抽出／除去するための電気化学的堆積
JP2020180970A (ja) * 2019-04-23 2020-11-05 韓國電力技術株式會社Ｋｅｐｃｏ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ ＆ Ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ， Ｉｎｃ． 放射性セシウムで汚染された廃液からセシウムを除去する廃液処理方法及びそのための装置

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JPH09299922A (ja) * 1996-05-18 1997-11-25 Tomoji Tanaka 帆立貝の内臓物の有効処理法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013195386A (ja) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-30 Kazuya Kamio 放射性物質による汚染構造物の除染方法及び除染装置
US9368241B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2016-06-14 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc System and method for processing and storing post-accident coolant
JP2014013236A (ja) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-23 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc 事故後の冷却液を処理し貯蔵するためのシステムおよび方法
US10112849B2 (en) 2013-06-17 2018-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh System and method for treating contaminated wastewater
CN105283421A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2016-01-27 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于处理被污染的废水的系统和方法
JP2016521637A (ja) * 2013-06-17 2016-07-25 ローベルト ボッシュ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 汚染された排水を処理する設備および方法
WO2014202349A1 (fr) * 2013-06-17 2014-12-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Installation et procédé pour traiter les eaux usées non épurées
JP2015072200A (ja) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-16 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 飛灰洗浄装置および飛灰洗浄方法
JP2015225066A (ja) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-14 株式会社 エー・イー・エル 放射能汚染水中の放射性汚染物質の除去方法
EP3165276A4 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2018-01-10 PCS Co., Ltd. Procédé de substitution du tritium dans de l'eau contenant du tritium et procédé d'élimination du tritium
JP2019527291A (ja) * 2016-06-30 2019-09-26 ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー 水から金属イオンを抽出／除去するための電気化学的堆積
JP7045331B2 (ja) 2016-06-30 2022-03-31 ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー 水から金属イオンを抽出／除去するための電気化学的堆積
JP2020180970A (ja) * 2019-04-23 2020-11-05 韓國電力技術株式會社Ｋｅｐｃｏ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ ＆ Ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ， Ｉｎｃ． 放射性セシウムで汚染された廃液からセシウムを除去する廃液処理方法及びそのための装置

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