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WO2013017165A1 - Conformation de trafic de média sur la base d'un fichier manifeste, dans une diffusion en continu à débit adaptatif http - Google Patents

Conformation de trafic de média sur la base d'un fichier manifeste, dans une diffusion en continu à débit adaptatif http Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013017165A1
WO2013017165A1 PCT/EP2011/063300 EP2011063300W WO2013017165A1 WO 2013017165 A1 WO2013017165 A1 WO 2013017165A1 EP 2011063300 W EP2011063300 W EP 2011063300W WO 2013017165 A1 WO2013017165 A1 WO 2013017165A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
description file
media
communications network
streaming
proxy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/063300
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Bystrom
Paul Stallard
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to PCT/EP2011/063300 priority Critical patent/WO2013017165A1/fr
Publication of WO2013017165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013017165A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/752—Media network packet handling adapting media to network capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/762—Media network packet handling at the source 

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method in a communications network, a proxy in a communications network, and a computer-readable medium.
  • the present application relates to media streaming in general, and more
  • HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming (also known as Adaptive HTTP Streaming) is a technique used in streaming media over computer networks. While in the past most video streaming technologies utilized streaming protocols such as Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and Real-time Transport Protocol
  • RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol
  • HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • networks such as the Internet.
  • HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming works by detecting both the available
  • HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming is
  • HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming relies on the media playing client in the device to request the best available stream from a media server. This is done Over-The-Top (OTT) and so does not involve any signaling with the communications network. That is, the communications network merely provides the connection to the device. As a result, HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming may fill all available bandwidth in the connection to the device, which may impact upon other devices and services competing for the same network bandwidth. This is in particular a problem for wireless communications networks, but can also affect wired communications networks such as networks providing home broadband (often operated by Internet Service Providers).
  • home broadband often operated by Internet Service Providers
  • Bandwidth Optimizer allows optimization of video streaming across all network conditions, as described in Vantrix Corporation's international patent application having publication number WO 2010/130023.
  • the video encoding rate is modified on the fly, on each individual video session, by opening, decoding and then re-encoding each stream to a frame rate or bitrate most suitable for the network conditions at that particular point in time.
  • Adaptive Streaming lowers the media encoding rate in real time and then smoothly increases it when conditions improve.
  • Vantrix Bandwidth Optimizer requires decoding and re-encoding of the video.
  • Adaptive Bitrate Streaming works using a description file, sometimes referred to as a manifest, sent from the media server to the device in response to a request for a particular media sent from the device to the media server.
  • the description file contains descriptions of each version of the particular media available for streaming from the media server. Both the request for media and the description file are carried by the communications network.
  • a media playing client in the device reviews the content of the description file and selects a version for streaming.
  • the communications network is able to influence the version selection made by the device by modifying the description file.
  • the communications network intercepts this file and edits it.
  • the description file is parsed by the communications network and references to undesirable versions of the media, (e.g. the high bitrate versions) are deleted from the description file. Because references to undesirable versions are removed from the description file, the device is not able to select these versions for streaming.
  • the communications network is thus provided with a mechanism for influencing the bandwidth used for streaming media. This influence may be the determining of the maximum bitrate the device can use.
  • a method in a communications network comprises receiving a description file, said description file sent from a media provider to a device via the communications network.
  • the description file describes media available for streaming from the media provider to the device.
  • the method further comprises editing the description file to remove from the description file a reference to at least one version of media available for streaming.
  • the method further comprises sending the edited description file to the device.
  • the media available for streaming may comprise at least two different versions of a piece of content.
  • the different versions may comprise at least two different bitrate versions.
  • the different versions may comprise at least two different formats.
  • the description file may comprise a manifest of media available for streaming from the media provider to the device.
  • the description file may be a manifest file.
  • the manifest file may be for adaptive streaming.
  • a description of at least the highest bit rate version may be removed from the description file.
  • At least one description of versions of the media in a particular format may be removed from the description file.
  • the media format may be defined by a codec and/or a container.
  • the particular format may be unsuitable for the device.
  • the particular format may be an inefficient use of bandwidth or exceed the bandwidth available for delivery to the device.
  • the particular format may not be in line with network provider policies.
  • the editing of the description file may comprise removing from the description file the references having a bit rate greater than a threshold value.
  • the threshold value may be determined based upon at least one of a measure of available communications network bandwidth; the capabilities of the device; and a quality of service associated with the device.
  • the measure of available communications network bandwidth may be provided by: a policy controller measuring available capacity; and/or a subscriber management system determining the device's subscription tier.
  • the processing power of the device and the screen resolution of the device may be used to determine which references are removed from the description file.
  • the capabilities of the device may be determined using IMEI
  • the quality of service may be associated with the device may be determined by a subscription tier of a subscription associated with the device.
  • the description file may be a manifest for HTTP adaptive bitrate streaming.
  • the description file may be sent by the media provider to the device in response to a media request sent from the device to the media provider via the communications network.
  • the method may further comprise receiving a selection message from the device, the selection message sent towards the media provider and indicating a selection of a version of the media indicated in the edited description file.
  • a proxy in a communications network.
  • the proxy is arranged to receive a description file, said description file sent from a media provider to a device via the communications network.
  • the description file describes media available for streaming from the media provider to the device.
  • the proxy is further arranged to edit the description file to remove from the description file a reference to at least one version of media available for streaming.
  • the proxy is further arranged to send the edited description file to the device.
  • the communications network is able to control how much network bandwidth is used for media streaming. This means that the communications network can ensure that as many devices as possible can obtain a good communication service.
  • the proxy may be a node in the communications network.
  • a description of at least the highest bit rate version of the media may be removed from the description file.
  • the proxy may be arranged to edit the description file by removing from the description file the references having a bit rate greater than a threshold value.
  • the proxy may be further arranged to determine the threshold value based upon at least one of: a measure of available communications network bandwidth; the capabilities of the device; and a quality of service associated with the device.
  • the description file may be a manifest for HTTP adaptive bitrate streaming.
  • the description file may be sent by the media provider to the device in response to a media request sent from the device to the media provider via the wireless communications network.
  • the proxy may be further arranged to receive a selection message from the device, the selection message sent towards the media provider and indicating a selection of a version of the media indicated in the edited description file.
  • the communications network may be a wireless communications network.
  • the device may be a wireless communications device.
  • Figure 1 shows a signaling diagram illustrating the initiation of HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming according to a known method
  • Figure 2 shows a signaling diagram illustrating the initiation of HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming according to the method disclosed herein;
  • Figure 3 illustrates a manifest before editing and the same manifest after editing
  • Figure 4 illustrates an application of the method described herein to a wireless communications network
  • Figure 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method disclosed herein
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an alternative method disclosed herein.
  • Figure 1 shows a signaling diagram illustrating the initiation of HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming according to a known method.
  • a device 1 10 communicates via a communications network 120 with a media provider 130.
  • the device 1 10 sends a media request to the media provider 130 via the communications network 120.
  • the media provider 130 sends a manifest to the device 1 10 via the communications network 120.
  • the manifest is a text description of the media content files associated with the requested media.
  • the manifest may be a separate file, or inserted in a defined section of the video content asset file.
  • the device 1 10 uses the information in the manifest to learn what bitrate versions are available and how it can obtain them.
  • the device 1 10 selects a version from the manifest and sends this version selection to the media provider, again via the communications network 120, at 106 and 107.
  • the media provider 130 Upon receipt of the version selection, the media provider 130 begins delivery of the selected media version, via the communications network 120, at 108 and 109.
  • Figure 2 shows a signaling diagram illustrating the initiation of HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming according to the method disclosed herein. This method is very similar to that of Figure 1 , except that here a proxy is placed in the communications network 120, which handles the communications between the device 1 10 and the media provider 130.
  • the proxy is a transparent proxy with content inspection and modification capabilities.
  • a media request is sent from the device 1 10 to the media provider 130 at 101 and 102.
  • the media provider 130 sends a manifest towards the device 1 10, in response to the media request.
  • This manifest is sent 103 via the communications network 120 and is intercepted by the proxy therein.
  • the proxy at 204 the manifest is parsed and, in this example, the
  • the edited manifest is then delivered by the communications network 120 to the device 1 10.
  • Version selection (106, 107) and media delivery (108, 109) proceed as described above in relation to figure 1 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates how a manifest is edited, showing a logical illustration of a manifest before editing 340 and a logical illustration of the same manifest after editing 350.
  • Manifest 340 relates to particular media 310. According to the known method illustrated in Figure 1 , manifest 340 would be sent to a device 1 10 by a media provider 130 in response to a request for media 310.
  • Manifest 340 comprises a description of the different versions of media 310 that are available from the media provider 130.
  • four versions are available: version 31 1 encoded at a bitrate of 4 Mbps (megabits per second), version 312 encoded at 3 Mbps, version 313 encoded at 2 Mbps, and version 314 encoded at 1 .5 Mbps. Descriptions of each of these four versions are contained in manifest 340.
  • each version of the media will comprise a plurality of segments, each of which must be downloaded, decoded and played by the media playing client in the device 1 10 in sequence.
  • the manifest comprises a list of references to each segment of each version, such that once the media playing client has selected a version of the media it can request the appropriate segments of the media version in the appropriate sequence, i.e. starting at the beginning.
  • live content may be streamed using adaptive streaming. The main principles of the adaptive streaming are the same, but with live content the content provider frequently sends updated manifest files describing the new chunks as they are created. The entire manifest for the live stream cannot exist when streaming begins as the chunks do not yet exist, and further the total number of chunks may be unknown or even infinite.
  • the manifest editing described above may be applied to such live streaming.
  • the manifest is edited each time an updated manifest is sent from the media provider 130 to the device 1 10.
  • a current manifest may be edited differently to a preceding manifest if the network conditions have changed since the preceding manifest was edited.
  • an edit operation 304 is performed on manifest 340 to create manifest 350.
  • the communications network has set a threshold bitrate for media streaming at 3.2 Mbps, and so references to versions of media with a bitrate greater than this are removed from the manifest by the editing operation 304. Therefore, manifest 350 resulting from the editing operation 304 has had references to version 31 1 removed, because version 31 1 has an encode bitrate of 4 Mbps, which is greater than the 3.2 Mbps threshold value.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an application of the method described herein to a wireless communications network.
  • the wireless communications network 420 provides a connection between the wireless communications device 410 and the internet 435.
  • the media provider 430 is connected to the internet 435.
  • the wireless communications network 420 is able to limit the bandwidth any one device 410 takes up for media streaming, ensuring, for example: that bandwidth is evenly distributed between devices connected to it; that certain subscribers are given higher bitrate services; or that media streaming does not negatively impact other services carried by the network such as voice over IP.
  • Figure 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method disclosed herein and performed in a proxy of a communications network 120.
  • a description file is received.
  • the description file is sent from a media provider 130 to a device 1 10 via the communications network 120.
  • the description file describes media available for streaming from the media provider 130 to the device 1 10.
  • the description file is edited to remove from the
  • the description file a reference to at least one version of media available for streaming.
  • the edited description file is sent to the device 1 10.
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an alternative method disclosed herein and also performed in a proxy of a communications network 120.
  • a description file is received.
  • the description file is sent from a media provider 130 to a device 1 10 via the communications network 120.
  • the description file describes media available for streaming from the media provider 130 to the device 1 10.
  • a threshold bitrate is determined based upon at least one measure of available communications network bandwidth.
  • the measure of available communications network bandwidth is provided by a policy controller measuring available network capacity.
  • the description file is edited to remove from the description file references to media versions having a bitrate greater than a threshold value.
  • the edited description file is sent to the device 1 10.
  • the method and apparatus disclosed herein provides a simple and cost efficient way for a communications network to perform shaping of media streaming traffic. Further, any content version sent to the user is one that is made available by the content provider, and so must be acceptable to the content provider. Further still, the disclosed method can operate with encrypted media streams, provided the manifest file is not encrypted.
  • the policy controller provides a measure of available communications network bandwidth. In alternatives, the policy controller may receive a measure of available communications network bandwidth from another node in the communications network. In a further alternative, an available network bandwidth measurement is made by the proxy 425, and the proxy 425 makes a determination of the threshold bitrate.
  • the threshold bitrate for a device may be determined by factors other than the available communications network bandwidth.
  • factors affecting the threshold bitrate may include: the subscription type of an account associated with the device; the status of an account associated with the device; whether the device is roaming; time of day; and/or geographic location.
  • a media playing client in the device 1 10 selects which media version to stream from the media provider 130.
  • the media playing client should take into account the capabilities of the device when making this selection. For example, the media playing client should select a version of the media having a pixel resolution less than or equal to the number of pixels on the display of the device 1 10. Streaming media having a pixel resolution greater than that which will be displayed is a waste of bandwidth.
  • media playing clients have been identified which do not appropriately take such
  • Such media player clients may simply select the highest bitrate version the communication connection can support. Such a poor selection not only results in a waste of network bandwidth, but also can impact upon the operation of the device 1 10. Streaming a higher bandwidth version of media than is needed will take more processing for both receipt of the communication, for decoding and for downsampling. This results in increased power consumption, and reduced battery life for a battery powered device.
  • the editing of the description file as described herein may be used to remove references to such inappropriate choices, forcing the client to select an appropriate version. For example, in order to most effectively use available battery power in a wireless communications device, a desirable traffic pattern for media streaming over a wireless communications network is to use continuous bursts of data with durations of 10 seconds or more, with idle periods in between.
  • the available bandwidth needs to be significantly higher than media bitrate. It is common for adaptive bitrate streaming algorithms in existing media playing clients to not consider this trade off. Such clients simply try to use the highest bitrate possible. So in the case of a smartphone connecting to a content provider with high bitrates available (e.g. intended for playback on a living room TV), the media playing client will select the highest bitrate media version even if this is far more than is needed on the small smartphone screen. This may result in the radio bearer of the smartphone being continuously active and so the battery will be drained quickly. Accordingly, the shaping of media streaming traffic as disclosed herein may also be advantageous to the user of a smartphone in addition to the benefit to the operator of a wireless communications network.
  • Different media versions available from a streaming server may be encoded using different codecs. Some codecs are more efficient than others.
  • the editing of the description file (or manifest) described herein may take this into account.
  • the editing operation may include removing references to media versions encoded using one or more inefficient codecs, leaving references to media versions that will provide an improved balance between media quality and bandwidth usage. It will be apparent to the skilled person that the exact order and content of the actions carried out in the method described herein may be altered according to the requirements of a particular set of execution parameters. Accordingly, the order in which actions are described and/or claimed is not to be construed as a strict limitation on order in which actions are to be performed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé mis en œuvre dans un réseau de communication. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à recevoir un fichier de définition, ledit fichier de définition étant envoyé par un fournisseur de médias à un dispositif via le réseau de communication. Le fichier de définition définit les médias qui peuvent être fournis en mode au fil de l'eau par le fournisseur de médias au dispositif. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste d'autre part à éditer le fichier de définition dans le but de supprimer, du fichier de définition, une référence à au moins une version du ou des médias pouvant être fournis en mode au fil de l'eau. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste enfin à envoyer le fichier de définition édité au dispositif.
PCT/EP2011/063300 2011-08-02 2011-08-02 Conformation de trafic de média sur la base d'un fichier manifeste, dans une diffusion en continu à débit adaptatif http WO2013017165A1 (fr)

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WO2014187472A1 (fr) * 2013-05-20 2014-11-27 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Diffusion en continu adaptative dans un réseau de communication
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EP2979427A4 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2016-11-09 Intel Ip Corp Distribution vidéo multimédia adaptative tenant compte de la qualité d'expérience
EP3324599A1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2018-05-23 Intel IP Corporation Qualité d'expérience de lecture adaptative continue multimédia
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TWI603615B (zh) * 2013-03-29 2017-10-21 英特爾智財公司 體驗感知之多媒體自適串流的品質
WO2014160553A1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 Intel IP Corporation Distribution vidéo multimédia adaptative tenant compte de la qualité d'expérience
TWI644566B (zh) * 2013-03-29 2018-12-11 美商英特爾智財公司 用於超文本傳輸協定上之動態自適串流的客戶的設備、伺服器的設備、及機器可讀儲存媒體
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CN105103521A (zh) * 2013-04-08 2015-11-25 汤姆逊许可公司 用于适配由至少一个服务器发送的清单的设备和方法
WO2014187472A1 (fr) * 2013-05-20 2014-11-27 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Diffusion en continu adaptative dans un réseau de communication
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WO2015076713A1 (fr) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-28 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Procédé, nœud, et programme informatique assurant une diffusion en continu de contenu en direct
EP3070951A4 (fr) * 2013-12-11 2016-09-21 Huawei Tech Co Ltd Procédé et appareil d'obtention de flux de code vidéo
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