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WO2013006912A1 - Transformation de déchets et de matières organiques - Google Patents

Transformation de déchets et de matières organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013006912A1
WO2013006912A1 PCT/AU2012/000835 AU2012000835W WO2013006912A1 WO 2013006912 A1 WO2013006912 A1 WO 2013006912A1 AU 2012000835 W AU2012000835 W AU 2012000835W WO 2013006912 A1 WO2013006912 A1 WO 2013006912A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organic material
incubation
inoculant
size reduction
product
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2012/000835
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Michael Bellamy
Original Assignee
Kenneth Michael Bellamy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2011902780A external-priority patent/AU2011902780A0/en
Application filed by Kenneth Michael Bellamy filed Critical Kenneth Michael Bellamy
Priority to AU2012283757A priority Critical patent/AU2012283757B2/en
Publication of WO2013006912A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013006912A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste and organic matter conversion process.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the conversion of organic material using minimal energy input.
  • Organic material (such as food) is a significant source of waste.
  • putrescent food wastes are an issue of major concern for local and national governments. For instance, it is estimated that some 6.7 million tonnes of food is discarded every year in the United Kingdom alone. In the United States, it is estimated that up to half of the food harvested in the country is never eaten.
  • Public health issues arising from vermin or other contamination and the production of negative by-products (such as odour species) have consistently restricted the use of putrescible organic materials in conversion to a useable product.
  • traditional methods of handling and conversion of such materials depend primarily upon the degradation of the material either naturally or in a fostered or managed process resulting in wholesale loss of nutrient content and other benefits of the material.
  • the process comprises a method of handling of putrescent or other organic material, as well as equipment in which the method may be carried out.
  • the process may further comprise a set of sub-processes which favour and support photosynthetic bacterial activity incubated in putrescent organic matter.
  • the process preferably provides a rapid or substantially instantaneous conversion of food and other putrescible wastes without significant artificial energy input and without significant noxious odours from hydrogen sulphide.
  • the process may be completed with an extremely small carbon footprint (or even a positive carbon footprint), within a very small physical space and without attracting vermin (such as insects, including flies, or rodents etc) - allowing it to be completed at or near the source of potentially putrescent organic wastes and/or in close proximity to sensitive biological or human functions (e.g. on intensive farms or commercial food facilities).
  • vermin such as insects, including flies, or rodents etc
  • the invention resides broadly in a method for the conversion of organic material into an output product comprising the steps of:
  • the output product may be of any suitable form. However, in some embodiments of the invention, it is envisaged that the output product may comprise a fuel, fertilizer (and particularly a bio-fertilizer) or other high value organic material or incubated culture, or a collected substrate for energy generation or the like.
  • Any suitable organic material may be used in the method.
  • vegetable matter including fruits, vegetables, pulses, grains, grasses etc.
  • animal matter may be used.
  • the organic material may be fresh organic material, food scraps, waste material (including rotting food or other organic material) or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • Any suitable size reduction technique may be used.
  • the organic material may be crushed, ground, shredded, disintegrated, torn or the like, or any combination thereof. It is envisaged that the length of time for which the organic material is subjected to the size reduction process will vary depending on a number of factors including the type of organic material, the volume of organic material, the type of size reduction technique being used, the preferred particle size of the size reduced organic material product and so on.
  • organic material may be collected prior to the size reduction process.
  • the method may be carried out as a batch operation, wherein the method is only conducted when sufficient organic material has been collected to make conducting the method feasible.
  • the collected organic material may be inoculated prior to the size reduction process if desired, and inoculating the collected organic material may assist in reducing unpleasant odours generated by the organic material as it decomposes.
  • size reduced organic material may be collected prior to incubation.
  • the size reduction process may be continuous (or semi-continuous), but allows the maceration and/or incubation processes to be conducted on a batch basis once sufficient quantities of size reduced organic material have been collected.
  • any suitable inoculant may be used such as, but not limited to, aerobic micro- organisms, anaerobic micro-organisms, or a combination thereof.
  • the inoculant may include photosynthetic micro-organisms, heterotrophic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria and the inoculant may further include a substrate.
  • more than one type of inoculant may be used in the method.
  • the inoculant may include purple non- sulphur producing heterotrophic photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, yeasts, actinomycetes, Nocardia species, ray fungi, plankton and other chemoautotrophic bacteria.
  • the inoculant is of a variety that consumes certain contaminants and/or pollutants during the processing of the organic material.
  • the inoculant may consume gases such as (but not limited to) hydrogen sulphide, thereby reducing the odour generated by the process of the present invention.
  • the process may include steps to maintain populations of the inoculant (and preferably, effective populations) for a suitable period of time. More preferably the process includes steps to maintain populations of the inoculant (and preferably, effective populations) substantially indefinitely.
  • the process may further include one or more maceration stages.
  • the one or more maceration stages involve mixing the size reduced organic material with water.
  • the water contains an inoculant so that the facultative, fermentative or other microbial activity of the inoculant may begin.
  • the process may include a two-stage maceration of the size reduced organic material.
  • maceration and incubation may occur in the same vessel or chamber.
  • the inoculated organic material may be transferred (for instance by pumping, under gravity etc.) from a first vessel or chamber in which maceration has occurred into a second vessel or chamber in which incubation occurs.
  • incubation takes place in a static chamber inoculated with and supporting photosynthetic bacterial activity.
  • incubation takes place in the presence of natural light. More preferably, incubation may take place in the presence of natural light without the addition of heat from an external heat source.
  • inoculant may be added at two or more points in the process.
  • the process may involve a three-stage inoculation of the organic material.
  • inoculation occurs in the following stages:
  • inoculation may be completed by:
  • Material typically remains in this chamber for up to 21 days with material being added until the chamber is full and then once full being left to incubate for up to 28 days.
  • continual fermentation is supported by the production of low level sugars and other substrates by phototrophic bacteria.
  • Biological Nitrogen Fixation by photosynthetic bacteria is also fostered in the chamber, together with the sequestration of other substances such as carbon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and most minerals through air transfer occurring at vents and from air entering the chamber as part of the homogenous mixture of the liquor arising during maceration.
  • the process does not require activation, heating, additional feed-stocks, nutrient balancing or any other addition.
  • Fermentation, break-down and re-constitution of putrescent organic material may be completed without the net production of hydrogen sulphide (hence the process does not need to be sealed, does not produce obnoxious odour); ii. Fermentation, break-down and re-constitution of putrescent organic material may occur in a static chamber without external energy input other than natural light of visible or non-visible frequencies; and
  • Hi. Fermentation, break-down and re-constitution of mixed putrescent organic material may occur without either the input of heat or the net loss of heat.
  • the liquor resulting from the incubation process is preferably a chemically homogenous re-constitution of bio-mass and suspended or emulsified mineral elements making up a fully reconstituted microbial substrate.
  • a relatively consistent output material may be obtained despite significant variation in the input material.
  • the invention resides broadly in an apparatus for the production of an output product from organic material, the apparatus comprising:
  • a size reduction portion adapted to reduce the size of the organic material to create a size reduced organic material product
  • Inoculation means for inoculating the size reduced organic material product with an inoculant to form an inoculated organic material product
  • An incubation portion in which the inoculated organic material product is incubated to form the output product.
  • the output product may be of any suitable form. However, in some embodiments of the invention, it is envisaged that the output product may comprise a fuel, fertilizer (and particularly a bio-fertilizer) or other high value organic material or incubated culture, or a collected substrate for energy generation or the like.
  • the size reduction portion of the apparatus comprises one or more size reduction means.
  • the size reduction means may be of any suitable form, such as, but not limited to, blades, discs, impellers, wheels, grinding media, hammers, rollers or the like or any combination thereof.
  • the size reduction means may operate continuously or may operate for a predetermined length of time. If the size reduction means are operated for a predetermined length of time, the actual length of time may be determined based on the weight of items, the volume of items, the number of items, the type of items, the type of size reduction means, the number of size reduction means, or the like or any combination thereof.
  • the time taken for the production of the size reduced organic material may be controlled automatically (e.g.
  • the size reduction process may simply be operated for a fixed period of time, regardless of the type and quantity of organic material fed to the size reduction portion.
  • the size reduction means may operate continuously, or may be provided with one or more sensors so that the size reduction means actuated automatically as soon as the one or more sensors sense that organic material has been fed to the size reduction means.
  • the size reduction means in which the size reduction means is operated manually, it is envisaged that a user may actuate the size reduction means using any suitable actuator.
  • the actuator may comprise buttons, pedals, switches or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the actuator may be actuated remotely, such as through a wireless device (remote control or the like), using a computer program or application or the like.
  • the size reduction means may be operated using any suitable power source, such as mains power, one or more batteries, one or more photovoltaic cells, generators or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. However, it is envisaged that the size reduction means will typically be operated using a mains power source.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a maceration portion.
  • the maceration portion may be separate to the incubation portion, or the maceration portion and the incubation portion may be the same portion of the apparatus used for separate steps in the processing of the inoculated organic material.
  • the maceration portion and the incubation portion comprise one or more chambers or vessels in which the inoculated organic material is processed.
  • the one or more chambers or vessels may be of any suitable size, shape or volume.
  • the interior of the incubation portion may be exposed to light. This may be achieved by fabricating the incubation portion from a clear or semi-opaque- material, or by providing the incubation portion with one or more apertures (and, preferably, closed apertures such as windows or the like) through which light can enter the incubation portion. In this way, photosynthesis can be achieved in the incubation portion.
  • the size reduced organic material leaving the size reduction portion will be transferred to the incubation portion of the apparatus (or the maceration portion, if present).
  • the transfer of the size reduced organic material may be achieved using any suitable technique.
  • the size reduced organic material may be fed under gravity to the inoculation portion or maceration portion.
  • the size reduced organic material may be transferred using mechanical means, such as a pump or the like.
  • the size reduced organic material may be transferred using a Venturi or the like.
  • the inoculation means may be of any suitable form.
  • the inoculant may be added manually to the apparatus.
  • the inoculant may be added automatically to the apparatus.
  • the inoculation means may comprise a storage vessel for the inoculant, the storage vessel being associated with one or more outlets in the form of a nozzle, hose, pipe, valve or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. It is envisaged that the storage vessel will require periodic re-filling by a user.
  • the inoculation means may operate continuously, so that inoculant is continuously added to the apparatus.
  • the inoculation means may be actuated only when, for instance, the size reduction portion is actuated.
  • the inoculation means may be controlled such that inoculant is automatically added to the apparatus at intervals at time, including at regular intervals of time. Preferably, however, inoculant is added to the apparatus only when required.
  • inoculants may be stored and added together, or may be stored in separate storage vessels and added independently of one another.
  • the inoculants may be added to different parts of the apparatus (for instance, a first inoculant may be added to the size reduced organic material, while a second inoculant may be added once the inoculated organic material has been transferred to the maceration portion or the incubation portion.
  • the maceration portion may further include agitation means.
  • agitation means For instance, one or more pumps, impellers or other suitable form of agitator may be used to agitate the size reduced material. This may be done to ensure that sufficient contact between the inoculant and the size reduced organic material is achieved.
  • the apparatus may comprise a single unit in which each portion of the apparatus is housed.
  • one or more portions of the apparatus may be housed in separate housings to one another.
  • the size reduction portion (and optionally the maceration portion) may be housed in a first housing
  • the incubation portion (and optionally the maceration portion) may be housed in a second housing in fluid communication with the first housing.
  • the size reduction portion may be housed in a first housing
  • the maceration portion may be housed in a second housing
  • the incubation portion may be housed in a third housing.
  • the inoculant storage vessel or chamber may also be housed in a separate housing.
  • the process of the present invention has a very small (or even positive) carbon footprint. Given that putrescent organic material is a significant source of methane and other so-called greenhouse emissions, this is a major advantage.
  • alternative treatment of organic materials (such as composting) has a relatively large carbon footprint. Processing of organic material in this invention differs from either conventional composting or anaerobic digestion processes in that the process sequesters some atmospheric carbon during processing rather than primarily precipitating the wholesale release of organic carbon as carbon dioxide during the fermentation/reconstitution of organic matter. Hence, photosynthetic activity is at its core.
  • the physical footprint of the present invention is much smaller than that for alternative methods of processing organic waste. This is achieved through the effective compression of the waste by the reduction of particle size. Further, the process is self-sufficient (or makes up for deficiencies) in nutrient, such that it is not necessary to add large volumes of other "carrier" materials (soil, green waste, other organic matter etc) as required in other processes to balance and maintain microbial activity.
  • the present invention has a significantly reduced energy signature in comparison to alternative processes. This is due to the use of bacterial photosynthesis which captures light energy rather than having to use inputs of electrical and/or other energy which characterize organics processing in many alternative processes.
  • the cost of the present process is significantly reduced in comparison to alternative processes due to the preceding advantages and the fact that processing may take place close to the source of the waste so as to reduce materials handling costs.
  • the present invention provides a reduced exposure to odours than alternative processes due to the inclusion of and ability to maintain populations of organisms that consume hydrogen sulphide during photosynthesis.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a flow diagram of a waste conversion process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of a waste conversion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a schematic view of a waste conversion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated a flow diagram of a waste conversion process according to an embodiment of the present invention. Illustrated in this Figure are a number of containers 10 in the form of buckets for the collection and transportation of organic material to a waste conversion apparatus.
  • the containers 10 whose contents have already been dispensed into the apparatus are washed in a washing facility 1 1.
  • inoculant is added to the water, meaning that the organic material collected in the containers 10 is pre-inoculated. This is done in part to suppress odours arising from the organic material, and also to enhance the production of the output product 12.
  • Organic material is fed into a size reduction process 13 and is mixed with water 14 and inoculant 15. Once the size of the organic material has been reduced to the desired size, the size reduced and inoculated organic material is fed to a maceration and mixing process 16. Once maceration is completed, the inoculated organic material is transferred to an incubation process 17.
  • the incubation process 17 is conducted in a static (i.e. non- agitated), vented vessel or chamber. If necessary or desired, gases 18 may be extracted from the incubation process for use, for instance in the generation of electricity.
  • the output product 12 is removed from the incubation process 17 and used for fertilizer, fuel, as a collected substrate for energy generation and so on.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown an exploded view of a waste conversion apparatus 19 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 19 comprises a size reduction portion 20 comprising a grinding unit 21 that is housed within a first housing 22.
  • Organic material is fed into the grinding unit 21 through an aperture 23 in an upper surface 31 of the first housing 22, with the aperture 23 being in communication with the grinding unit 21.
  • Tools such as a plunger 24 and tongs 25 are provided to assist in forcing organic material into and through the grinding unit 21 , for instance if the organic material becomes stuck in the grinding unit 21.
  • the apparatus 19 will be provided with a poster 25 or instruction sheet that sets out details of how to use the apparatus 19 and/or the types of matter that should and should not be placed in the grinding unit 21. It is envisaged that the poster 25 will be displayed on a wall or other surface adjacent the apparatus 19.
  • the upper surface 31 of the first housing 22 is sloped downwards towards the aperture 23 in order to assist in ensuring the organic material flows towards the aperture 23.
  • the sloped upper surface 31 allows for the upper surface 31 to be washed down easily after use.
  • the outlet 26 of the grinding unit 21 is connected to a pump 27 via hose 28 that passes through an aperture 30 in the wall of the first housing 22 as well as a corresponding aperture in the wall of a second housing 29.
  • the pump 27 is housed within the second housing 29 which, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 2, is separate to the first housing 22.
  • the pump 27 pumps the size reduced and inoculated organic material to either a maceration portion (not shown) or an incubation portion (not shown) via hose 32 that exits the second housing 29 through an aperture 33 in the wall thereof.
  • the upper surface 34 of the second housing 29 is provided with a substantially flat region in which a container 10 for the collection of organic material may be stored when not in use or prior to emptying its contents into the grinding unit 21.
  • FIG 3 there is shown a schematic view of a waste conversion apparatus 19 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the outlet 26 of the grinding unit 21 is connected to the pump 27 by hose 28.
  • a series of controls 37 are provided on the first housing 21 for switching the apparatus on and off, operating the grinding unit 21 and/or the pump 27 and so on.
  • the outlet of the pump 27 is connected to the incubation portion 35 (in the form of a clear or semi-opaque tank) via hose 32.
  • a fitting 36 is inserted into an upper region of the incubation portion 35 to allow a flow of organic material through the hose 32 and into the incubation portion 35.
  • the incubation portion 35 will include a tap, stopcock, valve or the like (not shown) through which the output material may be removed from the incubation portion 35 for use.
  • a tap, stopcock, valve or the like not shown
  • the present invention may be susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It will be understood that the present invention encompasses all such variations and modifications that fall within its spirit and scope.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de transformation d'un matériau organique en un produit de production finale, consistant : à soumettre la matière organique à un processus de fragmentation pour obtenir un produit de matière organique fragmenté; à inoculer un produit inoculant dans le produit de matière organique fragmenté pour obtenir un produit de matière organique inoculé; et à soumettre le produit de matière organique inoculé à un processus d'incubation pour former le produit de production finale.
PCT/AU2012/000835 2011-07-12 2012-07-12 Transformation de déchets et de matières organiques WO2013006912A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2012283757A AU2012283757B2 (en) 2011-07-12 2012-07-12 Waste and organic matter conversion process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2011902780 2011-07-12
AU2011902780A AU2011902780A0 (en) 2011-07-12 Waste Conversion Process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013006912A1 true WO2013006912A1 (fr) 2013-01-17

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PCT/AU2012/000835 WO2013006912A1 (fr) 2011-07-12 2012-07-12 Transformation de déchets et de matières organiques

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AU (1) AU2012283757B2 (fr)
MY (1) MY168450A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013006912A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10376837B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-08-13 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation Conversion of carbon dioxide utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms systems and methods
US10557155B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-02-11 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation Methods and systems for biological coal-to-biofuels and bioproducts
US20230082338A1 (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-03-16 Vrm International Pty Ltd Method for converting an organic material into a catalyst for biological hydrosynthesis
US11623257B2 (en) * 2020-05-29 2023-04-11 Vrm International Pty Ltd Method for large scale biological hydrosynthesis, energy generation and storage, and/or topsoil restoration

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US11865596B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2024-01-09 VRM International Pty Ltd. Method for restoring acidic or sodic alkali soils in a contaminated site
AU2020203536B2 (en) * 2020-05-29 2022-12-22 Vrm International Pty Ltd A method and system for intensive biological hydrosynthesis, energy generation and storage, and/or topsoil restoration
US11968938B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2024-04-30 Vrm International Pty Ltd Method and system for intensive biological hydrosynthesis, energy generation and storage, and/or topsoil restoration
AU2021229268A1 (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-03-30 Vrm International Pty Ltd A method for converting an organic material into a catalyst for biological hydrosynthesis
EP4410985A1 (fr) 2023-02-06 2024-08-07 VRM International Pty Ltd Procédé de développement écologique de cellules souches stimulant le réarrangement génique et la vigueur hybride

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US20040182780A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-09-23 Tao Co., Ltd. Organic waste treatment apparatus and method for recycling as a liquid fertilizer
WO2009132249A2 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Evolution Energy Production, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de production de biocarburants et de produits bioénergétiques à partir de boues d'épuration, dont des boues rémanentes
GB2460834A (en) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-16 Adam Elliston Converting biowaste into useful commercial products

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3439878A (en) * 1966-04-21 1969-04-22 Gen Electric Impeller for food waste disposer
US4354936A (en) * 1980-05-20 1982-10-19 The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Anaerobic digestion process
WO1994024072A1 (fr) * 1993-04-13 1994-10-27 World Life Resource Inc. Systeme de recuperation de dechets solides
EP1092475A2 (fr) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-18 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Dispositif de traitement des eaux résiduaires
US20040182780A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-09-23 Tao Co., Ltd. Organic waste treatment apparatus and method for recycling as a liquid fertilizer
WO2009132249A2 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Evolution Energy Production, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de production de biocarburants et de produits bioénergétiques à partir de boues d'épuration, dont des boues rémanentes
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10376837B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-08-13 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation Conversion of carbon dioxide utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms systems and methods
US10557155B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-02-11 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation Methods and systems for biological coal-to-biofuels and bioproducts
US11623257B2 (en) * 2020-05-29 2023-04-11 Vrm International Pty Ltd Method for large scale biological hydrosynthesis, energy generation and storage, and/or topsoil restoration
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