WO2013002027A1

WO2013002027A1 - Sun tracking device

Info

Publication number: WO2013002027A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/065115
Authority: WO
Inventors: 忠彦加藤
Original assignee: 株式会社ユニバンス
Priority date: 2011-06-29
Filing date: 2012-06-13
Publication date: 2013-01-03
Also published as: JP5209761B2; JP2013016527A

Abstract

Provided is a sun tracking device wherein the number of reduction devices and motors can be reduced, size reduction and weight reduction are possible, and production costs can be reduced. The rotation of a motor (4) in one direction is transferred to a drive shaft (6) from a reduction device (5), and the rotation is transferred in a first transfer part (10) and a second transfer part (20). The rotation is transferred to a first shaft (7) by a first one-way clutch (11) for the first transfer part (10); therefore, the first shaft (7) is at least rotated according to the azimuth or the altitude of the sun. On the other hand, if the rotation of the motor (4) in the other direction is transferred to the drive axis (6), the transfer of the rotation to the first shaft (7) is interrupted by the first one-way clutch (11), and a second transfer part (20) transfers the rotation to a second shaft (8). Thus, without rotating the first shaft (7), the second shaft (8) can be rotated. As a result, the inclination of a light receiving part (9) can be changed freely.

Description

Solar tracking device

The present invention relates to a solar tracking device, and more particularly to a solar tracking device that can reduce the number of reduction gears and motors, and can be reduced in size and weight, and at the same time, can be reduced in manufacturing cost.

Conventionally, a photovoltaic power generation system that photoelectrically converts sunlight to generate electricity, a solar thermal power generation system that reflects and collects sunlight and condenses power by solar heat, and reflects sunlight to the shade and uses daylighting and solar heat A solar utilization system has been developed. In these systems, in order to improve the power generation efficiency, the amount of light collected, and the like, a solar tracking device that changes the inclination of the light receiving unit that receives sunlight according to the azimuth and altitude of the sun is employed. As a conventional sun tracking device, for example, one axis that changes the inclination of the light receiving unit corresponding to the azimuth of the sun, the other axis that changes the inclination of the light receiving unit corresponding to the altitude of the sun, and 2 A motor is known that includes two motors that respectively rotate and drive two shafts and two speed reducers that reduce the number of rotations of these motors and output them to the respective shafts (Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-258369 A

However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires two motors and two reduction gears with a high reduction ratio in order to independently rotate the two shafts corresponding to the speed at which the sun moves on the celestial sphere. . Since the motor and the speed reducer are driven two by two, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes larger and the weight increases and the manufacturing cost further increases.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a solar tracking device that can reduce the number of motors and speed reducers, can be reduced in size and weight, and can be reduced in manufacturing cost. It is an object.

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention

In order to achieve this object, according to the solar tracking device of the first aspect, the position of the axial center is fixed with respect to the ground, and it rotates about the axial center corresponding to one of the azimuth or altitude of the sun. A first axis configured to be capable of rotating, and a second axis configured to be rotatable around the first axis corresponding to the other of the azimuth or altitude of the sun and to which a light receiving unit that receives sunlight is fixed And. When the rotation of the motor in one direction is reduced by the speed reducer and transmitted to the drive shaft, the rotation is transmitted from the drive shaft to the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit. One of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit transmits rotation to one of the first shaft and the second shaft by the first one-way clutch. Thereby, at least one of the first axis or the second axis is rotated in accordance with the azimuth or altitude of the sun.

Here, the speed at which the first axis and the second axis rotate, that is, the inclination of the light receiving unit at each time is determined by the speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit. Therefore, it is possible to enable the light receiving unit to track the sun by setting the speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit according to the latitude and longitude of the installation location of the sun tracking device. However, when an error (speed transmission ratio error) between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit, an installation error of the sun tracking device, or the like occurs, a mismatch occurs between the position of the sun on the celestial sphere and the inclination of the light receiving unit. . That is, the light receiving unit cannot track the sun.

To track the sun, it is necessary to correct the rotational position of the first axis or the second axis that is not at the target rotational position. In such a case, when the motor is rotationally driven in the other direction and the rotation of the motor in the other direction is transmitted to the drive shaft, the rotation is transmitted from the drive shaft to the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit. One of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit is configured to block transmission of rotation to one of the first shaft or the second shaft by the first one-way clutch, and the other of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit is the first one. The rotation is transmitted to the other of the first axis and the second axis. As a result, the other of the first axis and the second axis can be rotated without rotating one of the first axis and the second axis, and the discrepancy between the position of the sun on the celestial sphere and the inclination of the light receiving unit can be reduced. Can be resolved. As a result, the light can be tracked by the light receiving unit.

As described above, even if the first shaft and the second shaft are not rotated independently by the two motors and the speed reducer, the first shaft and the second shaft are rotated by the motor and the speed reducer one by one. Therefore, the number of motors and speed reducers can be reduced. As a result, the solar tracking device can be reduced in size and weight, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the difference between the reduced motor and reduction gear and the added first one-way clutch.

In addition, since it is not necessary to individually set the speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit for each installation location of the solar tracking device, the parts of the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit can be shared. There is an effect that can.

Since the order of correcting the rotational position of the first axis or the second axis is not limited, the motor is first rotated in the other direction to rotate the other of the first axis or the second axis, and then the motor. It is possible to rotate one of the first axis and the second axis by rotating in one direction.

According to the solar tracking device of the second aspect, the speed at which the inclination of the light receiving portion changes due to the rotation of the motor in one direction is one of the first shaft and the second shaft to which the rotation is transmitted via the first one-way clutch. The speed component around is set smaller than the speed component around the other of the first axis or the second axis. Therefore, when the motor is rotated in one direction so that one of the first axis or the second axis matches the azimuth or altitude of the sun and the inclination of the light receiving unit is made to correspond to the azimuth or altitude of the sun, the first axis or the second axis The other of the axes rotates slightly ahead of the sun's orientation or altitude at that time.

Therefore, when the motor is rotated in the other direction to transmit the rotation in the other direction of the motor to the other of the first axis or the second axis so as to adjust the preceding amount, the other of the first axis or the second axis is moved to the sun. Can be rotated in the direction opposite to the tracking direction to match the azimuth or altitude of the sun at that time. Note that one of the first axis and the second axis is maintained in a state that matches the direction or altitude of the sun because the rotation of the motor in the other direction is blocked by the first one-way clutch.

On the other hand, the speed component around one of the first axis or the second axis to which the rotation of the motor in one direction is transmitted via the first one-way clutch is the speed around the other of the first axis or the second axis. If it is set to be larger than the component, when the motor is rotated in one direction so that one of the first axis or the second axis matches the azimuth or altitude of the sun, for the other of the first axis or the second axis, It rotates slightly later than the direction or altitude of the sun at that time.

To adjust the delay, the motor must be rotated in the other direction to rotate the other of the first shaft and the second shaft by about 360 °, and this adjustment takes a long time. In addition, while the motor is rotating in the other direction, one of the first shaft and the second shaft cannot be rotated, so that the sun cannot be tracked during this time. Therefore, the accuracy of tracking the sun decreases. According to the solar tracking device of claim 2, this can be prevented, and in addition to the effect of claim 1, the other of the first axis or the second axis can be adjusted in a short time, and the sun can be adjusted. There is an effect that the accuracy of tracking can be improved. Note that the order of correcting the rotational position of the first axis or the second axis is not limited.

According to the solar tracking device of claim 3, the first one-way clutch is disposed on the first axis or the second axis that is set so as to rotate corresponding to the direction of the sun. When doing, the 1st axis | shaft or 2nd axis | shaft in which the 1st one-way clutch was arrange | positioned can always be made to respond | correspond to the direction of the sun.

Here, considering the position of the sun on the celestial sphere from sunrise to sunset, the azimuth angle gradually increases, while the altitude angle gradually increases from sunrise to a certain time, but thereafter gradually decreases until sunset. When the first or second shaft provided with the first one-way clutch is set to rotate corresponding to the altitude of the sun, the altitude angle gradually increases from sunrise until a certain time, and then gradually until sunset. Therefore, it becomes necessary to return the first axis or the second axis to the other direction. However, since the transmission of the rotation in the other direction of the motor is blocked by the first one-way clutch, the first shaft or the second shaft can be used even if it is desired to slightly return the first shaft or the second shaft in the other direction. It must be rotated about 360 ° in the direction. The rotation of about 360 ° takes a long time, and the inclination of the light receiving unit during this time does not correspond to the sun, so the accuracy of tracking the sun is reduced.

On the other hand, the first axis or the second axis provided with the first one-way clutch is set to rotate with respect to the direction of the sun, so that the first axis or the second axis is unidirectional from sunrise to sunset. It is sufficient to rotate it to the other direction, and it is not necessary to return to the other direction. Since the time when the sun cannot be tracked can be eliminated, in addition to the effect of the first or second aspect, there is an effect that the accuracy of tracking the sun can be improved.

According to the sun tracking device of claim 4, when the rotation of the motor in one direction is transmitted to the drive shaft, the other of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit is the first shaft or The transmission of rotation to the other side of the second shaft is blocked. Accordingly, one of the first axis and the second axis can be rotated without rotating the other of the first axis and the second axis, and the sun can be tracked by one of the first axis and the second axis.

On the other hand, when the rotation in the other direction of the motor is transmitted to the drive shaft, the other of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit transmits the rotation to the other of the first shaft or the second shaft by the second one-way clutch. . Thereby, the other of the first axis or the second axis can be rotated without rotating one of the first axis or the second axis, and the sun can be tracked by the other of the first axis or the second axis. As described above, since the first shaft and the second shaft can be rotated independently by the second one-way clutch, in addition to the effect of the first or third aspect, the motor for tracking the sun in one direction and the other direction There is an effect that the rotation control can be simplified.

According to the solar tracking device of the fifth aspect, the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit including the first one-way clutch or the second one-way clutch has the drive shaft that receives a load from the first shaft or the second shaft. Since it is set to be non-rotatable, in addition to the effect of any one of claims 1 to 4, it is possible to prevent the inclination of the light receiving portion from being changed by wind force or the like without providing a mechanical or electrical brake mechanism. effective.

According to the solar tracking device of the sixth aspect, the position of the axis center is fixed with respect to the ground, and the first structure is configured to be rotatable about the axis corresponding to one of the azimuth or altitude of the sun. An axis, and a second axis on which a light receiving unit for receiving sunlight is fixed, are configured to be rotatable around the first axis corresponding to the other of the azimuth or altitude of the sun. When the rotation of the motor in one direction is reduced by the speed reducer and transmitted to the second axis, the rotation is transmitted from the second axis to the first axis by the transmission unit. The transmission unit transmits rotation to the first shaft by a one-way clutch. Thereby, the first axis is rotated corresponding to the direction of the sun, and the second axis is rotated corresponding to the altitude of the sun.

Here, the speed at which the first axis and the second axis rotate, that is, the inclination of the light receiving unit at each time is determined by the speed transmission ratio of the transmission unit. Therefore, it is possible to enable the light receiving unit to track the sun by setting the speed transmission ratio of the transmission unit according to the latitude and longitude of the installation location of the sun tracking device. However, when an error in the transmission unit (speed transmission ratio error), an installation error in the sun tracking device, or the like occurs, a mismatch occurs between the position of the sun on the celestial sphere and the inclination of the light receiving unit. That is, the light receiving unit cannot track the sun.

To track the sun, it is necessary to correct the rotational position of the first axis or the second axis that is not at the target rotational position. In such a case, the motor is driven to rotate in the other direction. When the rotation of the motor in the other direction is transmitted to the second shaft, the transmission unit interrupts transmission of the rotation to the first shaft by the one-way clutch. Accordingly, the second axis can be rotated without rotating the first axis, and the mismatch between the position of the sun on the celestial sphere and the inclination of the light receiving unit can be eliminated. As a result, the light can be tracked by the light receiving unit.

As described above, the first axis and the second axis are driven by the motor and the speed reducer one by one without driving the first axis and the second axis independently by the two motors and the speed reducer. Therefore, the solar tracking device can be reduced in size and weight, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the difference between the reduced motor and reduction gear and the added one-way clutch.

Also, since it is not necessary to set the speed transmission ratio of the transmission unit for each installation location of the solar tracking device, there is an effect that the components of the transmission unit can be shared.

Since the order of correcting the rotational position of the first axis or the second axis is not limited, the motor is first rotated in the other direction to rotate the second axis, and then the motor is rotated in one direction. It is possible to rotate the first axis and the second axis.

According to the solar tracking device of the seventh aspect, in addition to the effect of the sixth aspect, in the transmission unit including the one-way clutch, the second shaft is set to be non-rotatable by the input of the load from the first shaft. Even if no mechanical or electrical brake mechanism is provided, there is an effect that the inclination of the light receiving portion can be prevented from changing due to wind force or the like.

(A) is a perspective view of the solar tracking device in 1st Embodiment, (b) is a perspective view of the solar tracking device which showed the internal structure typically. (A) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in front view when the motor is rotated in one direction, (b) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in side view when the motor is rotated in one direction, (C) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in a front view when the motor is rotated in the other direction, and (d) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in a side view when the motor is rotated in the other direction. (A) is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in a front view when the motor is rotated in one direction in the solar tracking device in the second embodiment, and (b) is a side view when the motor is rotated in one direction. It is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in vision, (c) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in front view when the motor is rotated in the other direction, and (d) is a side view when the motor is rotated in the other direction. It is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in vision. (A) is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in a front view when the motor is rotated in one direction in the solar tracking device in the third embodiment, and (b) is a side view when the motor is rotated in one direction. It is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in vision, (c) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in front view when the motor is rotated in the other direction, and (d) is a side view when the motor is rotated in the other direction. It is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in vision. (A) is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in a front view when the motor is rotated in one direction in the solar tracking device in the fourth embodiment, and (b) is a side view when the motor is rotated in one direction. It is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in vision, (c) is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device in front view when the motor is rotated in the other direction, and (d) is a side view when the motor is rotated in the other direction. It is a skeleton figure of the solar tracking device in vision. It is a perspective view of the solar tracking apparatus in 5th Embodiment.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the solar tracking device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1A, an intermediate portion of the light receiving unit 9 is not shown. As shown to Fig.1 (a), the solar tracking device 1 is provided with the base part 2 fixed with respect to the earth, and the housing | casing 3 comprised rotatably with respect to the base part 2, In this device, the motor 4 is driven, the drive shaft 6 is rotated via the speed reducer 5, and the second shaft 8 is rotated to change the inclination of the light receiving unit 9.

The light receiving unit 9 is a member that is fixed to the second shaft 8 and whose inclination is changed according to the azimuth and altitude of the sun as the casing 3 and the second shaft 8 rotate. The light receiving unit 9 is a solar cell panel that directly converts solar energy into electric power according to a system in which the solar tracking device 1 is incorporated, a solar power generation system that collects sunlight and uses it as a heat source, Therefore, a reflecting mirror that reflects sunlight is appropriately selected and employed.

Next, the internal structure of the solar tracking device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the solar tracking device 1 schematically showing the internal structure from which the housing 3 (see FIG. 1A) is removed, and the base 2 and the light receiving unit 9 are not shown. ing. As shown in FIG. 1B, the drive shaft 6 and the second shaft 8 are disposed so as to be orthogonal to each other, and the first shaft 7 is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the drive shaft 6 and the second shaft 8, respectively. The first shaft 7 is erected on the base 2 (see FIG. 1A) so that the position of the shaft center O is fixed by a bearing (not shown) or the like and is rotatable around the shaft center O. Has been.

The motor 4 is configured to be able to output rotations in one direction and the other direction, and the speed of the motor 4 is reduced by the speed reducer 5. The drive shaft 6 is a member that is rotated by the output of the speed reducer 5, and the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20 are disposed at a predetermined interval in the axial direction.

The first transmission unit 10 is a member that transmits rotation in one direction of the drive shaft 6 to the first shaft 7 and blocks transmission of rotation in the other direction of the drive shaft 6 to the first shaft 7. In the present embodiment, the first transmission unit 10 is configured by a worm gear having a sprag type one-way clutch, and includes a one-way clutch (first one-way clutch 11) disposed on the drive shaft 6 and the first one-way. A worm 12 formed on the outer periphery of the clutch 11 and a worm wheel 13 disposed on the first shaft 7 so as to mesh with the worm 12 are provided.

The second transmission unit 20 is a member that transmits the rotation in one direction and the other direction of the drive shaft 6 from the drive shaft 6 to the second shaft 8. In the present embodiment, the second transmission portion 20 is constituted by a worm gear, and a worm 21 formed on the drive shaft 6 and a worm wheel 22 disposed on the second shaft 8 so as to mesh with the worm 21. And. As described above, the rotation in one direction of the motor 4 is transmitted to the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 by the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20, and the rotation in the other direction of the motor 4 is the second transmission unit. 20 is transmitted to the second shaft 8.

The speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20 due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is such that the rotation speed of the second shaft 8 per rotation of the drive shaft 6 is the rotation speed of the first shaft 7. It is set to be larger. Accordingly, the speed at which the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 changes due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is set such that the speed component around the first axis 7 is smaller than the speed component around the second axis 8.

Next, the operation of the solar tracking device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 2A is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 1 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction, and FIG. 2B is a sun track in a side view when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction. FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram of the device 1. As shown in FIG. 2A, when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction, the drive shaft 6 is rotated in one direction, and accordingly, the worm 21 of the second transmission portion 20 is rotated in one direction. In the first transmission unit 10, the sprag 11a of the first one-way clutch 11 is locked, and the worm 12 rotates in one direction. 2 shows that the sprag 11a is hatched and locked (see FIG. 2 (a)), and the free sprag 21a unlocked is shown in white (FIG. 2 (c)). reference). Note that hatching or whiteness indicating this lock or free is the same in FIGS. 3 to 5.

When the

worms

12 and 21 are rotated in one direction, the

worm wheels

13 and 22 respectively meshed with the

worms

12 and 21 are rotated in one direction as shown in FIG. As a result, the first shaft 7 rotates in the azimuth direction, and the second shaft 8 rotates in one direction of the altitude direction. The rotational speed of the motor 4, the reduction ratio of the speed reducer 5, and the speed transmission ratios of the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20 are set so as to match the moving speed of the sun on the celestial sphere (dedicated parts are used). Thus, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 fixed to the second axis 8 can be changed according to the azimuth and altitude of the sun.

However, when an error (speed transmission ratio error) of the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20, an installation error of the solar tracking device 1, or the like occurs, the position between the sun on the celestial sphere and the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 Inconsistency occurs. That is, the light receiving unit 9 cannot track the sun. In order for the light receiving unit 9 to track the sun, it is necessary to correct the rotational position of the first shaft 7 or the second shaft 8 that is not at the target rotational position. In such a case, the motor 4 is driven in the other direction as shown in FIG. FIG. 2C is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 1 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, and FIG. 2D is a sun tracking in a side view when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction. FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram of the device 1.

2 (c), when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, the drive shaft 6 is rotated in the other direction, and accordingly, the worm 21 of the second transmission portion 20 is rotated in the other direction. Moreover, in the 1st transmission part 10, the lock | rock of the sprag 11a of the 1st one-way clutch 11 is cancelled | released, and transmission of the motive power to the worm | warm 12 is interrupted | blocked.

Rotating the worm 21 in the other direction causes the worm wheel 22 meshing with the worm 21 to rotate in the other direction, as shown in FIG. As a result, the rotation of the first axis 7 in the azimuth direction is stopped, and the second axis 8 is rotated in the other direction of the altitude direction, so that there is a mismatch between the position of the sun on the celestial sphere and the inclination of the light receiving unit 9. Can be resolved. As a result, the light receiving unit 9 can track the sun.

Thus, since the sun can be tracked by rotating the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 by the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5, the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5 can be reduced to one each. As a result, the solar tracking device 1 can be reduced in size and weight, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the difference between the reduced motor and reduction gear and the added first one-way clutch 11.

In addition, since it is not necessary to individually set (dedicated parts) the speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20 for each installation location of the solar tracking device 1, the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit are eliminated. The parts of the unit 20 can be shared.

Further, the speed at which the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 changes due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is set so that the speed component around the first axis 7 is smaller than the speed component around the second axis 8. 4 is rotated in one direction so that the first axis 7 coincides with the direction of the sun and the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 corresponds to the direction of the sun, the second axis 8 is slightly ahead of the altitude of the sun at that time. Then rotate. When the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction and the rotation of the motor 4 in the other direction is transmitted to the second shaft 8 so as to adjust the preceding amount, the second shaft 8 is rotated in the direction opposite to the sun tracking direction. , Can match the altitude of the sun at that time. As a result, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 can be made to correspond to the azimuth and altitude of the sun.

Conversely, the speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit 10 and the second transmission unit 20 due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction indicates that the rotation speed of the second shaft 8 per rotation of the drive shaft 6 is the rotation of the first shaft 7. If the speed is set to be smaller than the speed, the speed component around the second axis 8 where the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 changes due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is smaller than the speed component around the first axis 7. Become. In this case, when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction so that the first shaft 7 matches the direction of the sun, the second shaft 8 rotates slightly later than the sun's altitude at that time.

To adjust the delay, the motor 4 must be rotated in the other direction to rotate the second shaft 8 by about 360 °, which takes a long time. Moreover, since the 1st axis | shaft 7 and the 2nd axis | shaft 8 cannot be rotated to one direction while rotating the motor 4 to another direction, the sun cannot be tracked. Therefore, the accuracy of tracking the sun decreases. According to the present embodiment, this can be prevented, the second axis 8 can be adjusted in a short time, and the accuracy of tracking the sun can be improved.

Also, unlike the present embodiment, when the first axis 7 is set to rotate corresponding to the altitude of the sun, the altitude angle gradually increases from sunrise to a certain time, and then gradually decreases until sunset. It is necessary to return the first shaft 7 in the other direction. However, since the transmission of the rotation of the motor 4 in the other direction of the first shaft 7 is interrupted by the first one-way clutch 11, even when it is desired to slightly return the first shaft 7 in the other direction, the first shaft 7 is approximately 360 ° in one direction. Must be rotated. This takes a long time, and since the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 during that time is irrelevant to the sun, the accuracy of tracking the sun is reduced.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the first shaft 7 that is blocked from rotating in the other direction by the first one-way clutch 11 is set to rotate with respect to the direction of the sun, so from sunrise to sunset, The need to return the first shaft 7 in the other direction can be eliminated. As a result, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 can always correspond to the direction of the sun, and the accuracy of tracking the sun can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the first axis 7 is arranged corresponding to the direction of the sun, and the second axis 8 is arranged corresponding to the altitude of the sun. Since the rotation of the second shaft 8 in one direction and the other direction of the motor 4 is transmitted by the second transmission unit 20, the second shaft 8 can be rotated in one direction and the other direction according to the altitude of the sun, The sun's altitude direction can be tracked freely.

Further, in the first transmission unit 10 including the first one-way clutch 11, the drive shaft 6 is set to be non-rotatable by the input of a load from the first shaft 7. Specifically, it is set so that the worm 12 (drive shaft 6) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 13 (first shaft 7) even in the absence of a mechanical or electrical brake mechanism. More specifically, the transmission efficiency of the first transmission unit 10 when the worm 12 is rotated from the worm wheel 13 is set to 0 or negative. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the drive shaft 6 from rotating around the first shaft 7 by wind force or the like, to prevent the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 from changing, and to improve the sun tracking accuracy.

Similarly, the second transmission unit 20 can be set so that the worm 21 (drive shaft 6) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 22 (second shaft 8) by adjusting the transmission efficiency. It is also possible to make the worm 21 unrotatable from the worm wheel 22 by using the friction (mechanical brake mechanism) of the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In 1st Embodiment, the case where the 1st transmission part 10 which transmits motive power from the drive shaft 6 to the 1st shaft 7 was provided with the 1st one-way clutch 11 was demonstrated. On the other hand, 2nd Embodiment demonstrates the case where the 2nd transmission part 120 which transmits motive power from the drive shaft 6 to the 2nd shaft 8 is provided with the 1st one-way clutch 121. FIG. Note that in the second embodiment, the same portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the following description is omitted. FIG. 3A is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 101 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction in the solar tracking device 101 in the second embodiment, and FIG. It is a skeleton figure of the sun tracking device 101 in the side view when rotated in one direction.

3A, the first transmission unit 110 is a member that transmits the rotation in one direction and the other direction of the drive shaft 6 from the drive shaft 6 to the first shaft 7. In the present embodiment, the first transmission unit 110 is configured by a worm gear, and a worm 111 formed on the drive shaft 6 and a worm wheel 112 disposed on the first shaft 7 so as to mesh with the worm 111. And.

The second transmission unit 120 is a member that transmits the rotation in one direction of the drive shaft 6 to the second shaft 8 and blocks the transmission of the rotation in the other direction of the drive shaft 6 to the second shaft 8. In the present embodiment, second transmission unit 120 is configured by a worm gear having a sprag type one-way clutch, and includes a one-way clutch (first one-way clutch 121) disposed on drive shaft 6 and the first one-way. A worm 122 formed on the outer periphery of the clutch 121 and a worm wheel 123 disposed on the second shaft 8 so as to mesh with the worm 122 are provided. Since the solar tracking device 101 is configured as described above, the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is transmitted to the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 by the first transmission unit 110 and the second transmission unit 120, and the motor 4 The rotation in the other direction is transmitted to the first shaft 7 by the first transmission unit 110.

The speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit 110 and the second transmission unit 120 due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is such that the rotation speed of the first shaft 7 per rotation of the drive shaft 6 is the rotation speed of the second shaft 8. It is set to be larger. Accordingly, the speed at which the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 changes due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is set such that the speed component around the first axis 7 is smaller than the speed component around the second axis 8.

As shown in FIG. 3A, when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction, the drive shaft 6 is rotated in one direction. In the second transmission unit 120, the sprag 121a of the first one-way clutch 121 is locked, and the worm 122 is integrated. Rotate in the direction. Also in the first transmission unit 110, the worm 111 rotates in one direction.

As the

worms

111 and 122 rotate in one direction, the

worm wheels

112 and 123 that mesh with the

worms

111 and 122, respectively, rotate in one direction as shown in FIG. As a result, the first shaft 7 rotates in the azimuth direction, and the second shaft 8 rotates in one direction of the altitude direction. The speed transmission ratio of the first transmission unit 110 and the second transmission unit 120 due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is such that the rotation speed of the first shaft 7 per rotation of the drive shaft 6 is larger than the rotation speed of the second shaft 8. Therefore, when the inclination in the altitude direction of the light receiving unit 9 corresponds to the altitude of the sun, the inclination in the azimuth direction of the light receiving unit 9 precedes the azimuth of the sun on the celestial sphere.

In order to solve this problem, the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction as shown in FIG. FIG. 3C is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 1 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, and FIG. 3D is a solar tracking in a side view when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction. FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram of the device 1.

As shown in FIG. 3C, when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, the drive shaft 6 is rotated in the other direction, and the second transmission portion 120 unlocks the sprag 121 a of the first one-way clutch 121, and the worm 122 Transmission of power to is interrupted. In the first transmission unit 110, the worm 111 rotates in the other direction.

When the worm 111 rotates in the other direction, the worm wheel 112 that meshes with the worm 111 rotates in the other direction as shown in FIG. As a result, since the rotation of the second shaft 8 in the altitude direction is stopped and the first shaft 7 is rotated in the other direction of the azimuth direction, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the azimuth direction can be made to correspond to the azimuth of the sun. it can. As a result, the light receiving unit 9 can track the sun.

Further, in the second transmission unit 120 including the first one-way clutch 121, the drive shaft 6 is set to be non-rotatable by the input of a load from the second shaft 8. Specifically, it is set so that the worm 122 (drive shaft 6) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 123 (second shaft 8) even when there is no mechanical or electrical brake mechanism. More specifically, the transmission efficiency of the second transmission unit 120 when rotating the worm 122 from the worm wheel 123 is set to 0 or negative. Thereby, it can prevent that the inclination of the light-receiving part 9 changes with a wind force etc., and can improve the tracking accuracy of the sun.

The first transmission unit 110 can be similarly set so that the worm 111 (drive shaft 6) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 122 (first shaft 7) by adjusting the transmission efficiency. It is also possible to make the worm 111 non-rotatable from the worm wheel 122 using the friction (mechanical brake mechanism) of the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment, the case where one of the

1st transmission parts

10 and 110 or the

2nd transmission parts

20 and 120 was equipped with the one-way clutch (1st one-way clutches 11 and 121) was demonstrated. On the other hand, 3rd Embodiment demonstrates the case where both the 1st transmission part 210 and the 2nd transmission part 220 are provided with a one-way clutch. Note that in the third embodiment, identical symbols are assigned to parts identical to those in the first embodiment and description below is omitted. FIG. 4A is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 201 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction in the solar tracking device 201 in the third embodiment, and FIG. It is a skeleton figure of the sun tracking device 201 in the side view when rotated in one direction.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the first transmission unit 210 transmits the rotation of the drive shaft 6 in one direction to the first shaft 7, while the rotation of the drive shaft 6 in the other direction to the first shaft 7. It is a member that blocks transmission. In the present embodiment, the first transmission unit 210 is configured by a worm gear having a sprag type one-way clutch, and includes a one-way clutch (first one-way clutch 211) disposed on the drive shaft 6, and the first one-way. A worm 212 formed on the outer periphery of the clutch 211 and a worm wheel 213 disposed on the first shaft 7 so as to mesh with the worm 212 are provided.

The second transmission unit 220 is a member that transmits the rotation in the other direction of the drive shaft 6 to the second shaft 8 and blocks the transmission of the rotation in one direction of the drive shaft 6 to the second shaft 8. In the present embodiment, the second transmission unit 220 is configured by a worm gear including a sprag type one-way clutch, and includes a one-way clutch (second one-way clutch 221) disposed on the drive shaft 6, and the second one-way. A worm 222 formed on the outer periphery of the clutch 221 and a worm wheel 223 disposed on the second shaft 8 so as to mesh with the worm 222 are provided.

Since the solar tracking device 201 is configured as described above, rotation in one direction of the motor 4 is transmitted to the first shaft 7 by the first transmission unit 210, and rotation in the other direction of the motor 4 is transmitted to the second transmission unit 220. Is transmitted to the second shaft 8.

As shown in FIG. 4A, when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction, the drive shaft 6 is rotated in one direction. In the first transmission unit 210, the sprag 211a of the first one-way clutch 211 is locked, and the worm 212 is integrated. Rotate in the direction. On the other hand, in the second transmission unit 220, the sprag 221a of the second one-way clutch 221 is unlocked, and the worm 222 is not driven.

As the worm 212 rotates in one direction, the worm wheel 213 that meshes with the worm 212 rotates in one direction as shown in FIG. As a result, the first axis 7 rotates in the azimuth direction, and the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the azimuth direction can correspond to the azimuth of the sun.

As shown in FIG. 4C, when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, the drive shaft 6 is rotated in the other direction, and in the second transmission unit 220, the sprag 221a of the second one-way clutch 221 is locked. Rotates in the other direction. On the other hand, in the first transmission unit 210, the sprag 211a of the first one-way clutch 211 is unlocked, and the worm 212 is not driven.

As the worm 222 rotates in the other direction, the worm wheel 223 that meshes with the worm 222 rotates in the other direction, as shown in FIG. As a result, the second shaft 8 rotates in the altitude direction, and the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the altitude direction can correspond to the solar altitude. As described above, the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 can be independently rotated by the first one-way clutch 211 and the second one-way clutch 221 by rotating the motor 4 in one direction or the other direction. Rotation control of the motor 4 for tracking can be simplified.

Further, in the first transmission unit 210 including the first one-way clutch 211, the drive shaft 6 is set to be non-rotatable by the input of a load from the first shaft 7. Specifically, it is set so that the worm 212 (drive shaft 6) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 213 (first shaft 7) even when there is no mechanical or electrical brake mechanism. More specifically, the transmission efficiency of the first transmission unit 210 when the worm 212 is rotated from the worm wheel 213 is set to 0 or negative.

Further, in the second transmission unit 220 including the second one-way clutch 221, the drive shaft 6 is set to be non-rotatable by the input of a load from the second shaft 8. Specifically, it is set so that the worm 222 (drive shaft 6) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 223 (second shaft 8) even in the absence of a mechanical or electrical brake mechanism. More specifically, the transmission efficiency of the second transmission unit 220 when rotating the worm 222 from the worm wheel 223 is set to 0 or negative. By setting the 1st transmission part 210 and the 2nd transmission part 220 as mentioned above, it can prevent that the inclination of the light-receiving part 9 changes with a wind force etc., and can improve the tracking accuracy of the sun.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the first to third embodiments, the case where the reduction gear 5 outputs the rotation of the motor 4 to the drive shaft 6 has been described. In contrast, in the fourth embodiment, the case where the drive shaft 6 is omitted and the reduction gear 5 outputs the rotation of the motor 4 to the second shaft 308 will be described. Note that in the fourth embodiment, identical symbols are assigned to parts identical to those in the first embodiment and description below is omitted. FIG. 5A is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 301 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction in the solar tracking device 301 in the fourth embodiment, and FIG. It is a skeleton figure of the sun tracking device 301 in the side view when rotated in one direction. As shown in FIG. 5A, the second shaft 308 is a member that is rotated by the output of the speed reducer 5, and is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the first shaft 7, and the transmission unit 310 and the light receiving unit 9 are disposed. Has been.

The transmission unit 310 is a member that transmits the rotation of the second shaft 308 in one direction to the first shaft 7 while blocking the transmission of the rotation of the second shaft 308 in the other direction to the first shaft 7. In the present embodiment, transmission unit 310 is configured by a worm gear including a sprag type one-way clutch, and is formed on the outer circumference of one-way clutch 311 disposed on second shaft 308 and one-way clutch 311. A worm 312 and a worm wheel 313 disposed on the first shaft 7 so as to mesh with the worm 312 are provided.

Since the sun tracking device 301 is configured as described above, rotations in one direction and the other direction of the motor 4 are transmitted from the second shaft 308 to the light receiving unit 9. Further, the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is transmitted to the first shaft 7 by the transmission unit 310. The speed transmission ratio of the transmission unit 310 is set so that the rotation speed of the second shaft 308 is larger than the rotation speed of the first shaft 7 in one direction of rotation of the motor 4.

As shown in FIG. 5A, when the motor 4 is rotated in one direction, the second shaft 308 is rotated in one direction, and in the transmission section 310, the sprag 311a of the one-way clutch 311 is locked, and the worm 312 is rotated in one direction. To do. Further, as the second shaft 308 rotates, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the altitude direction changes.

When the worm 312 rotates in one direction, the worm wheel 313 that meshes with the worm 312 rotates in one direction as shown in FIG. As a result, the first axis 7 rotates in the azimuth direction, and the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the azimuth direction changes. The speed transmission ratio of the transmission unit 310 due to the rotation of the motor 4 in one direction is set so that the rotation speed of the second shaft 308 is larger than the rotation speed of the first shaft 7. When the inclination corresponds to the azimuth of the sun, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the altitude direction precedes the solar altitude.

In order for the light receiving unit 9 to track the sun, it is necessary to correct the rotational position of the second shaft 308 that is not at the target rotational position. In such a case, the motor 4 is rotationally driven in the other direction as shown in FIG. FIG. 5C is a skeleton diagram of the solar tracking device 301 in a front view when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, and FIG. 5D is a solar tracking in a side view when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction. 2 is a skeleton diagram of the device 301. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5C, when the motor 4 is rotated in the other direction, the second shaft 308 is rotated in the other direction, and in the transmission unit 310, the sprag 311a of the one-way clutch 311 is unlocked, and the power to the worm 312 is released. Is interrupted. In addition, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the altitude direction changes due to the rotation of the second shaft 308 in the other direction. As a result, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 in the altitude direction can be changed to correspond to the altitude of the sun.

Also in the sun tracking device 301 in the fourth embodiment, the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 308 can be driven by the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5 so that the sun can be tracked. Can be reduced. As a result, the solar tracking device 301 can be reduced in size and weight, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the difference between the reduced motor and reduction gear and the added one-way clutch 311. Further, since it is not necessary to individually set the speed transmission ratio of the transmission unit 310 for each installation location of the solar tracking device 301 (dedicated parts), it is possible to make the components of the transmission unit 310 common.

Further, in the transmission unit 310 including the one-way clutch 311, the second shaft 308 is set to be non-rotatable by the input of a load from the first shaft 7. Specifically, the worm 312 (second shaft 308) cannot be rotated from the worm wheel 313 (first shaft 7) even in the absence of a mechanical or electrical brake mechanism. More specifically, the transmission efficiency when rotating the worm 312 from the worm wheel 313 is set to 0 or negative. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the second shaft 308 from rotating around the first shaft 7 by wind force or the like, to prevent the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 from changing, and to improve the sun tracking accuracy. Note that the second shaft 308 can be made non-rotatable even when an external force such as wind power is applied by using the friction of the motor 4 or the speed reducer 5.

Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the first to fourth embodiments, the case where the first shaft 7 is erected on the base 2 has been described. On the other hand, in the fifth embodiment, a case where the first shaft 407 is installed horizontally on the platform 402 will be described. Note that in the fifth embodiment, identical symbols are assigned to parts identical to those in the first embodiment and description below is omitted. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a solar tracking device 401 according to the fifth embodiment. In FIG. 6, the motor 4, the speed reducer 5, and the drive shaft 6 are not shown.

As shown in FIG. 5, the solar tracking device 401 includes a base portion 402 that is fixed to the ground, a first shaft 407 that is laterally supported while being pivotally supported by the base portion 402, and a first shaft 407. A substantially U-shaped frame 403 that is fixed and swings as the first shaft 407 rotates is provided, and a second shaft 408 that is pivotally supported by the frame 403 and to which the light receiving unit 9 is fixed. The first shaft 407 and the second shaft 408 are linked to a drive shaft (not shown), and the drive shaft is configured to be rotated by outputs of a motor and a speed reducer (not shown). The inclination of the light receiving unit 9 is changed by the rotation of the shaft 408. In the sun tracking device 401, the first shaft 407 is provided horizontally and the second shaft 408 is supported by the frame 304, so that the light receiving unit 9 can be provided immediately above the base unit 402. Therefore, the area of the light receiving unit 9 can be increased.

The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It can be easily guessed. For example, the numerical values (for example, the quantity of each component) given in the above embodiment are examples, and other numerical values can naturally be adopted.

In each of the above embodiments, the case where the

first transmission units

10, 110, 210, the

second transmission units

20, 120, 220, and the transmission unit 310 are configured by worm gears has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. Of course, it is possible to employ other transmission mechanisms. Examples of other transmission mechanisms include bevel gears (straight teeth or bent teeth), crown gears, and the like.

In each of the above embodiments, when the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 are disposed in the orthogonal direction with respect to the drive shaft 6, the

second shafts

308 and 408 are orthogonal to the

first shaft

7 and 407. Although the case where it is arranged in the direction has been described, it is not necessarily limited to this, and it is naturally possible to make each axis obliquely cross at an angle other than orthogonal. When each axis is obliquely crossed at an angle other than orthogonal, the bevel angular is used for the

first transmission unit

10, 110, 210, the

second transmission unit

20, 120, 220 and the transmission unit 310. Transmission can be made possible.

In each of the above embodiments, the case where the one-way clutch (the first one-way clutch 11, 121, 211, the second one-way clutch 221 and the one-way clutch 311) is a sprag type has been described, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this. Of course, it is possible to employ one-way clutches such as a roller type and a ratchet type.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5 are configured as separate members has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and the motor 4 and the speed reducer 5 are integrated as in a geared motor or the like. It is naturally possible to adopt a structured mechanism.

In each of the embodiments described above, the case where the first shaft 7 is arranged in the vertical direction (substantially orthogonal to the ground) and the case where the first shaft 407 is arranged in the horizontal direction (substantially parallel to the ground) are described. However, it is not necessarily limited to these, and it is naturally possible to arrange the

first shafts

7 and 407 obliquely with respect to the ground. Also in this case, the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 can be changed by linking the

first shafts

7 and 407 and the

second shafts

8, 308, and 408.

In each of the above embodiments, when correcting the inclination of the light receiving unit 9, the motor 4 is first rotated in the direction in which the first one-way clutch 11, 121, 211 or the one-way clutch 311 is locked, and then the first one-way. Although the case where the motor 4 is rotated in a direction in which the clutch 11, 121, 211 or the one-way clutch 311 is free has been described, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. First, the motor 4 is rotated in such a direction that the first one-way clutch 11, 121, 211 or the one-way clutch 311 becomes free, and then the motor 4 in a direction in which the first one-way clutch 11, 121, 211 or the one-way clutch 311 is locked. It is of course possible to correct the inclination of the light receiving unit 9 by rotating. This is because the same effect can be realized regardless of the order of rotation of the motor 4.

1, 101, 201, 301, 401 Solar tracking device 4 Motor 5 Reducer 6 Drive shaft 7,407

First shaft

8, 308, 408 Second shaft 9

Light receiving unit

10, 110, 210

First transmission unit

20, 120, 220

Second transmission part

11, 121, 211 First one-way clutch 221 Second one-way clutch 310 Transmission part 311 One-way clutch

Claims

A first axis that is fixed with respect to the ground and is configured to be rotatable about the axis in accordance with one of the azimuth or altitude of the sun;
A second axis on which a light receiving unit for receiving sunlight is fixed and is configured to be rotatable around the first axis corresponding to the other of the azimuth or altitude of the sun;
A motor capable of outputting rotation in one direction and the other direction;
A speed reducer that reduces the number of rotations of the motor and outputs it,
A drive shaft to which the rotation of the speed reducer is transmitted,
A first transmission unit that transmits rotation from the drive shaft to the first shaft and a second transmission unit that transmits rotation from the drive shaft to the second shaft;
One of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit is
Transmitting the rotation of the motor in one direction to one of the first shaft or the second shaft, while blocking transmission of rotation of the motor in the other direction to one of the first shaft or the second shaft. A solar tracking device comprising a one-way clutch.
The speed at which the inclination of the light-receiving portion changes due to the rotation of the motor in one direction is a speed component around one of the first axis and the second axis through which the rotation is transmitted via the first one-way clutch. The solar tracking device according to claim 1, wherein the solar tracking device is set to be smaller than a velocity component around the other of the first axis or the second axis.
3. The sun according to claim 1, wherein the first one-way clutch is disposed on the first axis or the second axis that is set to rotate in accordance with the direction of the sun. Tracking device.
The other of the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit transmits rotation in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the motor transmitted by the first one-way clutch to the other of the first shaft or the second shaft. A second one-way clutch is provided that blocks transmission of rotation in the same direction as the rotation direction of the motor transmitted by the first one-way clutch to the other of the first shaft or the second shaft. Item 4. A solar tracking device according to item 1 or 3.
In the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit including the first one-way clutch or the second one-way clutch, the drive shaft is set to be non-rotatable by input of a load from the first shaft or the second shaft. The solar tracking device according to claim 1, wherein the solar tracking device is a solar tracking device.
A first axis that is fixed with respect to the ground and is configured to be rotatable about the axis in accordance with one of the azimuth or altitude of the sun;
A second axis on which a light receiving unit for receiving sunlight is fixed and is configured to be rotatable around the first axis corresponding to the other of the azimuth or altitude of the sun;
A motor capable of outputting rotation in one direction and the other direction;
A speed reducer that reduces the number of rotations of the motor and outputs it to the second shaft;
A transmission unit that transmits rotation from the second shaft to the first shaft;
The transmission unit includes a one-way clutch that transmits rotation of the motor in one direction to the first shaft, while blocking transmission of rotation in the other direction of the motor to the first shaft. Solar tracking device.
The solar tracking device according to claim 6, wherein the transmission unit including the one-way clutch is set such that the second shaft cannot rotate by input of a load from the first shaft.