WO2012114718A1 - アクリル系樹脂フィルム - Google Patents
アクリル系樹脂フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114718A1 WO2012114718A1 PCT/JP2012/001120 JP2012001120W WO2012114718A1 WO 2012114718 A1 WO2012114718 A1 WO 2012114718A1 JP 2012001120 W JP2012001120 W JP 2012001120W WO 2012114718 A1 WO2012114718 A1 WO 2012114718A1
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- acrylic resin
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- 0 C*(C)C(*)C(*)(C(*)C1(*(C)I*1)C(N1*)=O)C1=O Chemical compound C*(C)C(*)C(*)(C(*)C1(*(C)I*1)C(N1*)=O)C1=O 0.000 description 2
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
- C08F265/06—Polymerisation of acrylate or methacrylate esters on to polymers thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an acrylic resin film having heat resistance, transparency, and flexibility.
- Acrylic resins are widely used as films, sheets, or general molded articles because they have excellent transparency and are easy to process.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an optical film made of glutarimide acrylic resin.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a retardation plate made of glutarimide acrylic resin.
- glutarimide acrylic resins generally have a problem that their mechanical strength is not always sufficient.
- an impact resistance improver called a “core / shell” type, which is obtained by graft polymerization of a vinyl monomer on a rubbery polymer, is preferably used.
- the rubbery polymer include butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, and polyorganosiloxane rubber.
- Patent Document 3 discloses improvement in impact resistance by adding a polyorganosiloxane rubber, but there is a problem that the transparency of the obtained resin is impaired.
- Patent Document 4 describes that a resin composition excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength (particularly bending resistance) is obtained by blending a glutarimide acrylic resin and an acrylic graft copolymer.
- the glass transition temperature of the film does not exceed 120 ° C., and it is required to further improve the heat resistance. It was.
- so-called fish eyes sometimes contain fine particles, which causes a problem in film quality.
- the transparency of the film may not be sufficient, and an improvement in this respect was also demanded.
- the present invention has an object to provide an acrylic resin film having excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, with reduced fish eyes and high transparency.
- the present invention relates to an acrylic resin film obtained by molding a resin composition containing the following components (G) and (F).
- a glutarimide acrylic resin (G) having a unit represented by the following general formula (1) and a unit represented by the following general formula (2) and having a glass transition temperature of 120 ° C. or higher.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) Or a substituent having 5 to 15 carbon atoms including an aromatic ring.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) does not contain a unit represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 7 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 8 is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the resin composition preferably contains 40 to 90% by weight of glutarimide acrylic resin (G) and 60 to 10% by weight of (meth) acrylic resin (F) in 100% by weight of the resin composition.
- the (meth) acrylic resin (F) 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture containing 50 to 100% by weight of an acrylic acid alkyl ester and 50 to 0% by weight of a methacrylic acid alkyl ester, and a polyfunctional monomer having two or more non-conjugated double bonds per molecule
- alkyl acrylate ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) having an average particle size of less than 80 nm obtained by copolymerizing 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of the product, It is preferably obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture (E) containing 60 to 100% by weight of methacrylic acid alkyl ester and 0 to 40% by weight of acrylic acid alkyl ester.
- the (meth) acrylic resin (F) 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture containing 50 to 100% by weight of an acrylic acid alkyl ester and 50 to 0% by weight of a methacrylic acid alkyl ester, and a polyfunctional monomer having two or more non-conjugated double bonds per molecule
- alkyl acrylate ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) having an average particle size of less than 80 nm obtained by copolymerizing 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of the product
- Monomer mixture (E) containing 10% by weight to 35% by weight or less of unsaturated carboxylic acid, 50% by weight or more and less than 90% by weight of methacrylic acid alkyl ester, and 0% by weight or more and less than 40% by weight of acrylic acid alkyl ester Obtained by polymerizing
- the content of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) in the (meth) acrylic resin (F) is preferably more than 30% by weight and 60% by weight
- the acrylic resin film preferably has a glass transition temperature of 115 ° C. or higher, a haze value of 1.0% or less, and a thickness of 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention also relates to an optical film made of an acrylic resin film.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention has excellent heat resistance, transparency, and flexibility, and has good appearance with reduced fish eye contamination. In addition, it also has good stretchability and vacuum formability.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) has a glass transition temperature of 120 ° C. or higher, and includes a unit represented by the following general formula (1) and a unit represented by the following general formula (2).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituent having 5 to 15 carbon atoms including an aromatic ring.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) is also referred to as “glutarimide unit”.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group, and R 3 is hydrogen, a methyl group, a butyl group, or a cyclohexyl group, and more preferably, R 1 is a methyl group, R 2 is hydrogen, and R 3 is a methyl group.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) may contain only a single type as a glutarimide unit, or any or all of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 in the general formula (1) A plurality of different types may be included.
- the glutarimide unit can be formed by imidizing a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit represented by the following general formula (2). Further, an acid anhydride such as maleic anhydride, a half ester of the acid anhydride and a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (for example, acrylic acid)
- an acid anhydride such as maleic anhydride, a half ester of the acid anhydride and a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (for example, acrylic acid)
- the glutarimide unit can also be formed by imidizing methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid).
- the content of glutarimide units is not particularly limited, for example, can be appropriately determined in consideration of the structure of R 3 or the like.
- the content of the glutarimide unit is preferably 1.0% by weight or more, more preferably 3.0% by weight to 90% by weight, and more preferably 5.0% by weight to 60% by weight based on the total amount of the glutarimide acrylic resin (G). More preferred is weight percent.
- the content of the glutarimide unit is less than the above range, the resulting glutarimide acrylic resin (G) tends to have insufficient heat resistance or its transparency may be impaired.
- it exceeds the above range the heat resistance and melt viscosity will be unnecessarily high, the molding processability will be poor, the mechanical strength during film processing will be extremely low, and the transparency will be impaired. Tend.
- the content of glutarimide unit is calculated by the following method.
- 1 H-NMR BRUKER Avance III 400 MHz
- 1 H-NMR measurement of the resin was performed to determine the content (mol%) of each monomer unit such as glutarimide unit or ester unit in the resin.
- the amount (mol%) was converted to content (% by weight) using the molecular weight of each monomer unit.
- a resin comprising a glutarimide unit in which R 3 is a methyl group in the above general formula (1) and a methyl methacrylate unit
- R 3 is a methyl group in the above general formula (1)
- a methyl methacrylate unit it is derived from the O—CH 3 proton of methyl methacrylate appearing in the vicinity of 3.5 to 3.8 ppm.
- the content (% by weight) of the glutarimide unit should be obtained by the following formula. Can do.
- content (weight%) of a glutarimide unit can be calculated
- the content of glutarimide units is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, and more preferably 10% by weight because it is easy to suppress birefringence. The following is more preferable.
- the content of glutarimide units is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more because retardation is easily expressed.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or 3 to 3 carbon atoms. 12 cycloalkyl groups or substituents having 5 to 15 carbon atoms including an aromatic ring.
- the unit represented by the general formula (2) is also referred to as “(meth) acrylic acid ester unit”.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 6 is hydrogen or a methyl group
- 5 is a methyl group
- R 6 is a methyl group
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) may contain only a single type as a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit, or any one of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 in the general formula (2). Alternatively, a plurality of different types may be included.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) may further contain a unit represented by the following general formula (3) (hereinafter also referred to as “aromatic vinyl unit”) as necessary.
- R 7 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 8 is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic vinyl unit represented by the general formula (3) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a styrene unit and an ⁇ -methylstyrene unit, and a styrene unit is preferable.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) may contain only a single type as an aromatic vinyl unit, or may contain a plurality of units in which either or both of R 7 and R 8 are different. .
- the content of the aromatic vinyl unit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight based on the total amount of the glutarimide acrylic resin (G). 0 to 15% by weight is particularly preferable. When the content of the aromatic vinyl unit is larger than the above range, sufficient heat resistance of the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) cannot be obtained.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) may not contain an aromatic vinyl unit from the viewpoints of improving bending resistance and transparency, reducing fisheye, and further improving solvent resistance or weather resistance. preferable.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) may further contain other units other than the glutarimide unit, the (meth) acrylic acid ester unit, and the aromatic vinyl unit, if necessary.
- Examples of other units include amide units such as acrylamide and methacrylamide, glutar anhydride units, nitrile units such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide. And maleimide-based units.
- These other units may be contained in the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) by random copolymerization or by graft copolymerization.
- These other units are obtained by copolymerizing the monomer constituting the unit with glutarimide acrylic resin (G) and / or resin that is a raw material for producing resin (G). It may be introduced. Moreover, when performing the said imidation reaction, what was byproduced by these other units and contained in resin (G) may be used.
- the weight average molecular weight of the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 . If it is in the said range, moldability will not fall or the mechanical strength at the time of film processing will not be insufficient. On the other hand, when the weight average molecular weight is smaller than the above range, the mechanical strength when formed into a film tends to be insufficient. Moreover, when larger than the said range, the viscosity at the time of melt-extrusion is high, there exists a tendency for the moldability to fall and for the productivity of a molded article to fall.
- the glass transition temperature of glutarimide acrylic resin (G) is 120 ° C. or higher so that the film exhibits good heat resistance. Preferably it is 125 degreeC or more. If the glass transition temperature is lower than the above range, the film cannot exhibit sufficient heat resistance.
- (meth) acrylic acid ester polymer is produced by polymerizing (meth) acrylic acid ester.
- glutarimide acrylic resin (G) contains an aromatic vinyl unit
- (meth) acrylic acid ester and aromatic vinyl are copolymerized to produce a (meth) acrylic acid ester-aromatic vinyl copolymer.
- examples of the (meth) acrylic acid ester include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic acid t.
- -Butyl, benzyl (meth) acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate are preferably used, and methyl methacrylate is more preferably used.
- (Meth) acrylic acid ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more. By using multiple types of (meth) acrylic acid esters, it is possible to include multiple types of (meth) acrylic acid ester units in the finally obtained glutarimide acrylic resin (G).
- the structure of the above (meth) acrylic acid ester polymer or the above (meth) acrylic acid ester-aromatic vinyl copolymer is not particularly limited as long as the subsequent imidization reaction is possible. Specific examples include linear polymers, block polymers, core-shell polymers, branched polymers, ladder polymers, and crosslinked polymers.
- a block polymer it may be any of AB type, ABC type, ABA type, and other types of block polymers.
- the core-shell polymer it may be composed of only one core and one shell, or one or both of the core and shell may be composed of multiple layers.
- an imidization reaction is performed by reacting the (meth) acrylic acid ester polymer or the (meth) acrylic acid ester-aromatic vinyl copolymer with an imidizing agent.
- an imidizing agent for reacting the (meth) acrylic acid ester polymer or the (meth) acrylic acid ester-aromatic vinyl copolymer with an imidizing agent.
- the imidizing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can generate the glutarimide unit represented by the general formula (1).
- ammonia or a primary amine can be used.
- the primary amine include aliphatic hydrocarbon group-containing primary amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, i-propylamine, n-butylamine, i-butylamine, tert-butylamine, and n-hexylamine;
- Examples include aromatic hydrocarbon group-containing primary amines such as aniline, benzylamine, toluidine, and trichloroaniline, and alicyclic hydrocarbon group-containing primary amines such as cyclohexylamine.
- urea compounds such as urea, 1,3-dimethylurea, 1,3-diethylurea, 1,3-dipropylurea and the like that generate ammonia or primary amine by heating can also be used.
- imidizing agents ammonia, methylamine, and cyclohexylamine are preferably used, and methylamine is particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of cost and physical properties.
- a ring closure accelerator may be added as necessary.
- the content of glutarimide units in the resulting glutarimide acrylic resin (G) can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the imidizing agent added.
- the method for carrying out the imidation reaction is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- the imidization reaction can be advanced by using an extruder or a batch type reaction vessel (pressure vessel).
- the extruder is not particularly limited, and various types of extruders can be used. For example, a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, a multi-screw extruder, or the like can be used.
- twin screw extruder mixing of the raw material polymer and the imidizing agent (in the case of using a ring closure accelerator, an imidizing agent and a ring closure accelerator) can be promoted.
- twin-screw extruder examples include a non-meshing type same-direction rotating type, a meshing type same-direction rotating type, a non-meshing type different direction rotating type, and a meshing type different direction rotating type.
- the meshing type co-rotating type is preferable. Since the meshing type co-rotating twin-screw extruder can rotate at a high speed, the mixing of the raw material polymer with the imidizing agent (in the case of using a ring closure accelerator, an imidizing agent and a ring closure accelerator) It can be further promoted.
- the above-exemplified extruders may be used alone, or a plurality of the extruders may be connected in series.
- an esterification step of treating with an esterifying agent can be included in producing the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) in addition to the imidization step.
- the carboxyl group contained in the resin which is by-produced in the imidization step, can be converted into an ester group.
- the acid value of glutarimide acrylic resin (G) can be adjusted in a desired range.
- the acid value of the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.50 mmol / g or less, and more preferably 0.45 mmol / g or less. Although a minimum in particular is not restrict
- the acid value can be calculated by, for example, a titration method described in JP-A-2005-23272.
- the esterifying agent is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the esterifying agent used is not particularly limited, but is 0 to 12 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the (meth) acrylic acid ester polymer or the (meth) acrylic acid ester-aromatic vinyl copolymer. It is preferably 0 to 8 parts by weight. If the usage-amount of an esterifying agent is in the said range, the acid value of glutarimide acrylic resin (G) can be adjusted to a suitable range. On the other hand, outside the above range, unreacted esterifying agent may remain in the resin, which may cause foaming or odor generation when molding is performed using the resin.
- a catalyst can be used in combination.
- the type of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, and tributylamine. Among these, triethylamine is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and reactivity.
- the esterification step can be advanced by using, for example, an extruder or a batch type reaction vessel, as in the imidization step.
- This esterification step can be carried out only by heat treatment without using an esterifying agent.
- the heat treatment can be achieved by kneading and dispersing the molten resin in the extruder.
- dehydration reaction between the carboxyl groups in the resin by-produced in the imidization step and / or dealcoholization reaction between the carboxyl group in the resin and the alkyl ester group in the resin For example, part or all of the carboxyl group can be converted to an acid anhydride group.
- a ring closure accelerator catalyst
- G glutarimide acrylic resin
- a horizontal biaxial reactor such as Violac manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. or a vertical biaxial agitation tank such as Super Blend
- a reaction apparatus corresponding to high viscosity can also be used suitably.
- the structure of the batch type reaction vessel is not particularly limited. Specifically, it has a structure in which the raw material polymer can be melted by heating and stirred, and an imidizing agent (in the case of using a ring closure accelerator, an imidizing agent and a ring closure accelerator) can be added. However, it is preferable to have a structure with good stirring efficiency. According to such a batch-type reaction vessel, it is possible to prevent the polymer viscosity from increasing due to the progress of the reaction and insufficient stirring.
- a stirred tank max blend manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. may be mentioned.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G) in which the content of the glutarimide unit is controlled to a specific value can be easily produced.
- the (meth) acrylic resin (F) has a multilayer structure, and an average particle diameter obtained by copolymerizing an acrylic acid alkyl ester and another vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith is less than 80 nm. It is obtained by polymerizing the monomer mixture (E) in the presence of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B).
- acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) examples include 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture (b) containing 50 to 100% by weight of an acrylic acid alkyl ester and 0 to 50% by weight of a methacrylic acid alkyl ester; Those obtained by copolymerizing 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a polyfunctional monomer having two or more non-conjugated double bonds per molecule are preferred.
- the copolymerization may be performed in one stage or in multiple stages. In the latter case, the composition of the monomer mixture added at each stage or the reaction conditions at each stage can be appropriately changed.
- More preferable monomer mixture (b) contains 60 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid alkyl ester and 0 to 40% by weight of methacrylic acid alkyl ester in 100% by weight of monomer mixture (b).
- the compounding ratio of the methacrylic acid alkyl ester exceeds 50% by weight in the monomer mixture (b)
- the bending resistance of the resulting film tends to be lowered.
- the acrylic acid alkyl ester and methacrylic acid alkyl ester contained in the monomer mixture (b) are not particularly limited, but those having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in view of polymerization reactivity and cost. preferable. Specific examples thereof include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and the like. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the monomer mixture (b) may contain other ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with an acrylic acid alkyl ester and a methacrylic acid ester, if necessary.
- examples of other copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers include vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide, vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, vinyl toluene, vinyl naphthalene, styrene, ⁇ -Aromatic vinyl such as methyl styrene, vinyl esters such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, acrylic acid such as acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, calcium acrylate, or Its salts, acrylic acid alkyl ester derivatives such as ⁇ -hydroxyethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate,
- Methacrylic acid or a salt thereof methacrylamide, ⁇ -hydroxyethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid alkyl ester derivatives such as glycidyl methacrylate, and the like. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) in the present invention are composed of a monomer mixture (b) and a polyfunctional monomer having two or more polymerizable nonconjugated double bonds per molecule ( Hereinafter, it is also referred to as “polyfunctional monomer”), and thus exhibits cross-linking elasticity.
- polyfunctional monomer having two or more polymerizable nonconjugated double bonds per molecule
- the polyfunctional monomer used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- These polyfunctional monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polyfunctional monomer used is preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture (b). Within these ranges, the film has good folding resistance and resin fluidity, which is preferable.
- the average particle diameter of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) is less than 80 nm.
- the average particle diameter is not particularly limited, but when it becomes smaller, it becomes difficult to produce the particles (B). Therefore, it is preferably 40 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, and further preferably 60 nm or more.
- the average particle size of the particles (B) is measured by a light scattering method using a particle size analyzer (MICROTRAC UPA150 manufactured by LEED & NORTHRUP INSTRUMENTS).
- the (meth) acrylic resin (F) is a monomer mixture (E) mainly composed of a vinyl group-containing compound, particularly a methacrylic acid alkyl ester, in the presence of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B). ) Is preferred.
- the monomer mixture (E) preferably contains 60 to 100% by weight of methacrylic acid alkyl ester and 0 to 40% by weight of acrylic acid alkyl ester.
- the polymerization may be performed in one stage or in multiple stages. In the latter case, the composition of the monomer mixture added at each stage or the reaction conditions at each stage can be appropriately changed.
- the monomer mixture (E) preferably contains 70 to 100% by weight of methacrylic acid alkyl ester and 0 to 30% by weight of acrylic acid alkyl ester in 100% by weight of the monomer mixture (E). When the blending ratio of the methacrylic acid alkyl ester is less than 60% by weight in the monomer mixture (E), the heat resistance of the resulting film tends to be lowered.
- the acrylic acid alkyl ester and methacrylic acid alkyl ester contained in the monomer mixture (E) are not particularly limited, but those having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in view of polymerization reactivity and cost. preferable. Specific examples thereof include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and the like. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the monomer mixture (E) is more than 10% by weight of unsaturated carboxylic acid and 35% by weight or less, methacrylic acid alkyl ester 50% by weight to less than 90% by weight, and acrylic acid alkyl ester 0% by weight or more and 40% by weight. Those containing less than% are preferred.
- the total amount of unsaturated carboxylic acid, methacrylic acid alkyl ester, and acrylic acid alkyl ester shall satisfy 100% by weight.
- the monomer mixture (E) contains a specific amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid
- heat resistance can be imparted while having excellent transparency and flexibility.
- the amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid used is 10% by weight or less, the heat resistance of the film tends to decrease.
- the adhesion between the film and the metal when the metal is deposited on the film surface of the present invention can be enhanced.
- a film having a metal deposited on the surface can be used as a plating substitute material for automobiles, for example.
- Unsaturated carboxylic acid is copolymerizable with methacrylic acid alkyl ester, and for example, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid can be used.
- methacrylic acid alkyl ester and acrylic acid alkyl ester in the monomer mixture (E) those described above can be used.
- the monomer mixture (E) may contain other ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with alkyl acrylates and methacrylates as necessary.
- examples of other copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers include vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide, vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, vinyl toluene, vinyl naphthalene, styrene, ⁇ -Aromatic vinyl such as methyl styrene, vinyl esters such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, acrylic acid such as acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, calcium acrylate, or Its salts, acrylic acid alkyl ester derivatives such as ⁇ -hydroxyethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate,
- Methacrylic acid or a salt thereof methacrylamide, ⁇ -hydroxyethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid alkyl ester derivatives such as glycidyl methacrylate, and the like. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) in the (meth) acrylic resin (F) is 30% by weight when the entire (meth) acrylic resin (F) is 100% by weight. It is preferably more than 60% by weight and more preferably 35% by weight to 55% by weight. If the content of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) is within the above range, the latex at the time of emulsion polymerization of the monomer mixture (E) containing an unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferable.
- the content of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles is preferably 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 5 to 35% by weight based on 100% by weight of the resin composition. If it is less than 5% by weight, the bending resistance and vacuum formability of the film tend to be lowered, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, the heat resistance tends to be lowered.
- the ratio of glutarimide acrylic resin (G) is 40% to 90% by weight, and the ratio of (meth) acrylic resin (F) is 60% to 10% by weight.
- the ratio of glutarimide acrylic resin (G) is preferably 40% by weight to 85% by weight, and the ratio of (meth) acrylic resin (F) is more preferably 60% by weight to 15% by weight.
- the ratio of the resin (G) is 40% by weight or more, the heat resistance and transparency of the film are improved.
- flexibility of a film improves because the ratio of resin (G) is 90 weight% or less.
- the resin composition constituting the acrylic resin film of the present invention includes, for example, lactone cyclized methacrylic resin, (meth) acrylic resin, styrene resin, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene. You may contain other resin, such as a terephthalate resin.
- the resin composition constituting the acrylic resin film of the present invention includes a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, a matting agent, a light diffusing agent, a colorant, a dye, a pigment, and an antistatic agent as necessary. Further, known additives such as a heat ray reflective material, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a stabilizer, and a filler may be contained.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention can be used for various applications by utilizing properties such as heat resistance, transparency and flexibility.
- Vehicle field glasses Contact lenses, endoscope lenses, medical devices such as medical supplies that require sterilization, road signs, bathroom equipment, flooring, road translucent plates, pair glass lenses, daylighting windows, carports, lighting lenses It can be used in the field of construction and building materials such as lighting covers and sizing for building materials, microwave oven cooking containers (tableware), home appliance housings, toys, sunglasses, and stationery. Moreover, it can be used as an alternative application of a molded product using a transfer foil sheet.
- the molded product produced by molding the acrylic resin film of the present invention can also be used for various applications.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention can be stretched, thereby improving strength and improving film thickness accuracy.
- a stretched film it may be a uniaxially stretched film that has been uniaxially stretched, or may be a biaxially stretched film that is obtained by combining stretching processes.
- a melt extrusion method that does not use a solvent is preferable from the viewpoint of transparency of the resulting film, manufacturing cost, and avoidance of solvent use.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention may be surface-treated if necessary.
- surface treatment such as coating, or another film is laminated on the surface of the acrylic resin film of the present invention
- the acrylic resin of the present invention is used. It is preferable to subject the film to a surface treatment. By performing such surface treatment, the adhesion between the acrylic resin film of the present invention and the coating material or another film to be laminated can be improved.
- the purpose of the surface treatment for the acrylic resin film of the present invention is not limited to the above.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention may be subjected to a surface treatment regardless of its use.
- Such surface treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include corona treatment, plasma treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, and alkali treatment. Of these, corona treatment is preferred.
- the thickness of the acrylic resin film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, further preferably 15 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. Particularly preferred. If the thickness of the film is within the above range, there is an advantage that it is difficult to be deformed when vacuum forming is performed using the film, and it is difficult to cause breakage at the deep drawing portion, and the optical characteristics are uniform, A film with good transparency can be produced. On the other hand, when the thickness of the film exceeds the above range, cooling of the film after molding becomes nonuniform, and the optical characteristics tend to be nonuniform. Moreover, when the thickness of a film is less than the said range, handling of a film may become difficult.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention preferably has a haze value of 1.0% or less, particularly preferably 0.8% or less.
- the transparency of the film can be made sufficiently high.
- the product of the present invention can be suitably used in optical applications, decoration applications, interior applications, or vacuum forming applications that require transparency.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention preferably has a glass transition temperature of 115 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 124 ° C. or higher. If the glass transition temperature is within the above range, an acrylic resin film having sufficiently excellent heat resistance can be obtained.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention preferably has a tensile elongation at break of 10% or more.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention showing a tensile elongation at break within the above range is less susceptible to cracking when the film is cut out with a Thomson blade or a cutter blade, and when the film is wound on a roll, or It is preferable because it is difficult to break when post-processing such as coating, vapor deposition, sputtering, and bonding of a protective film to the surface of the film. .
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention preferably has a total light transmittance of 85% or more, and more preferably 88% or more. If the total light transmittance is within the above range, the transparency of the film can be made sufficiently high. Thereby, the product of the present invention can be suitably used in optical applications, decoration applications, interior applications, or vacuum forming applications that require transparency.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention can be used as an optical film as described above.
- the optical anisotropy is small.
- both the in-plane retardation and the absolute value of the thickness direction retardation are small.
- the in-plane retardation is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 6 nm or less, and further preferably 5 nm or less.
- the absolute value of the thickness direction retardation is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and further preferably 10 nm or less.
- the acrylic resin film having such a phase difference can be suitably used as a polarizer protective film included in a polarizing plate of a liquid crystal display device.
- the acrylic resin film of the present invention is used as a polarizer protective film provided in the polarizing plate of the liquid crystal display device. When used, problems such as a decrease in contrast may occur in the liquid crystal display device.
- the phase difference is an index value calculated based on birefringence, and the birefringence exhibited by the optical film is mainly due to the orientation birefringence in the main chain orientation and the photoelastic birefringence due to stress. There is.
- the signs of orientation birefringence and photoelastic birefringence are derived from the chemical structure of the polymer and are unique to each polymer.
- Oriented birefringence is birefringence that is generally manifested by the orientation of the main chain of a chain polymer (polymer chain), and this orientation of the main chain is, for example, an extrusion process or stretching process during the production of a polymer film, or This occurs in a process involving material flow, such as an injection molding process frequently used in manufacturing optical members of various shapes, and remains fixed to the optical member.
- photoelastic birefringence is birefringence caused by elastic deformation (strain) of a polymer.
- elastic deformation strain
- strain remains in the material due to volume shrinkage that occurs when the polymer is cooled to a temperature lower than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the polymer.
- the material is elastically deformed by an external force received in a state where the optical member is fixed to a device used at a normal temperature (below the glass transition temperature), which causes photoelastic birefringence.
- the photoelastic constant is defined as a coefficient ⁇ of ⁇ when the birefringence difference ⁇ n is caused by the stress difference ⁇ as shown in the following equation.
- a resin having a sufficiently small photoelastic constant based on these orientation birefringence and photoelastic birefringence can be said to be a material suitable for optical applications.
- the in-plane retardation (Re) and the thickness direction retardation (Rth) can be calculated by the following equations, respectively. In an ideal film that is completely optically isotropic in the three-dimensional direction, both the in-plane retardation Re and the thickness direction retardation Rth are zero.
- nx, ny, and nz are respectively the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum as the X axis, the direction perpendicular to the X axis as the Y axis, and the thickness direction of the film as the Z axis.
- D represents the thickness of the film
- nx-ny represents orientation birefringence.
- the average particle size of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) was measured by a light scattering method using a particle size analyzer (MICROTRAC UPA150 manufactured by LEED & NORTHRUP INSTRUMENTS).
- the imidation ratio was calculated as follows using IR.
- the product pellets were dissolved in methylene chloride, and the IR spectrum of the solution was measured at room temperature using a TravelIR manufactured by SensIR Technologies. From the obtained IR spectrum, and the absorption intensity attributable to the ester carbonyl group of 1720cm -1 (Absester), the imidization ratio from the ratio of the absorption intensity attributable to the imide carbonyl group of 1660cm -1 (Absimide) (Im% ( IR)).
- the “imidation rate” refers to the ratio of the imide carbonyl group in the total carbonyl group.
- the refractive index of each composition was measured using an Atago Precision Abbe Refractometer after processing each composition into a sheet.
- Glass-transition temperature The glass transition temperature of each composition was determined by a midpoint method using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC-50 model, Shimadzu Corporation, measured in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 20 ° C./min.
- the bending resistance of the film should be observed at 23 ° C. in an atmosphere of 23 ° C., when the film is cut into 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm and bent at 180 ° in 1 second perpendicular to the MD direction at the center. It was evaluated with. ⁇ : not cracked, ⁇ : cracked, ⁇ : cracked (MIT strength)
- the in-plane retardation Re of this test piece was measured using an automatic birefringence meter (KOBRA-WR manufactured by Oji Scientific Co., Ltd.) at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a humidity of 50 ⁇ 5% at a wavelength of 590 nm and an incident angle of 0 °. It was measured.
- KOBRA-WR automatic birefringence meter
- Orientation birefringence A test piece was cut out from the film and measured using an automatic birefringence meter (KOBRA-WR manufactured by Oji Scientific Co., Ltd.) at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a humidity of 50 ⁇ 5% at a wavelength of 590 nm.
- a tandem type reaction extruder in which two extrusion reactors were arranged in series was used.
- the meshing type co-directional twin-screw extruder having a diameter of 75 mm for both the first and second extruders and L / D (ratio of the length L to the diameter D of the extruder) of 74.
- the raw material resin was supplied to the raw material supply port of the first extruder using a constant weight feeder (manufactured by Kubota Corporation).
- the degree of vacuum of each vent in the first extruder and the second extruder was ⁇ 0.095 MPa.
- the pressure control mechanism in the part connects the first extruder and the second extruder with a pipe having a diameter of 38 mm and a length of 2 m, and connects the resin discharge port of the first extruder and the raw material supply port of the second extruder. Used a constant flow pressure valve.
- the resin (strand) discharged from the second extruder was cooled by a cooling conveyor and then cut by a pelletizer to form pellets.
- the discharge port of the first extruder, the first extruder and the first extruder Resin pressure gauges were provided at the center of the connecting parts between the two extruders and at the discharge port of the second extruder.
- a polymethyl methacrylate resin (Mw: 105,000) was used as a raw material resin, and monomethylamine was used as an imidizing agent to produce an imide resin intermediate 1.
- the temperature of the highest temperature part of the extruder was 280 ° C.
- the screw rotation speed was 55 rpm
- the raw material resin supply amount was 150 kg / hour
- the addition amount of monomethylamine was 2.0 parts with respect to 100 parts of the raw material resin.
- the constant flow pressure valve was installed immediately before the raw material supply port of the second extruder, and the monomethylamine press-fitting portion pressure of the first extruder was adjusted to 8 MPa.
- the imidizing agent and by-products remaining in the rear vent and vacuum vent were devolatilized, and then dimethyl carbonate was added as an esterifying agent to produce an imide resin intermediate 2.
- each barrel temperature of the extruder was 260 ° C.
- the screw rotation speed was 55 rpm
- the addition amount of dimethyl carbonate was 3.2 parts with respect to 100 parts of the raw resin.
- it was extruded from a strand die, cooled in a water tank, and then pelletized with a pelletizer to obtain a glutarimide acrylic resin (G1).
- the obtained glutarimide acrylic resin (G1) is a glutarimide acrylic copolymerized with a glutamylimide unit represented by the general formula (1) and a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit represented by the general formula (2).
- Resin (G) is a glutarimide acrylic copolymerized with a glutamylimide unit represented by the general formula (1) and a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit represented by the general formula (2).
- the imidization rate, the content of glutarimide units, the acid value, the glass transition temperature, and the refractive index were measured according to the above-described methods.
- the imidation ratio was 13%
- the content of glutarimide units was 7% by weight
- the acid value was 0.4 mmol / g
- the glass transition temperature was 130 ° C.
- the refractive index was 1.50.
- the used extruder is a meshing type co-rotating twin screw extruder having a diameter of 15 mm.
- the set temperature of each temperature control zone of the extruder was 230 ° C., and the screw rotation speed was 150 rpm.
- a methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer was supplied at 2 kg / hr, and the resin was melted and filled with a kneading block, and then 25 parts of monomethylamine (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) from the nozzle to 100 parts of the resin. Injected. A reverse flight was placed at the end of the reaction zone to fill the resin.
- each temperature control zone of the meshing type co-rotating twin screw extruder having a diameter of 15 mm was set to 230 ° C., and the screw rotation speed was set to 150 rpm.
- the glutarimide acrylic resin (G2 ′) obtained from the hopper was supplied to the extruder at 1 kg / hr, and the resin was melted and filled with a kneading block, and then 0.8 parts per 100 parts of resin from the nozzle.
- a mixture of dimethyl carbonate and 0.2 part of triethylamine was injected to reduce carboxyl groups in the resin.
- a reverse flight was placed at the end of the reaction zone to fill the resin.
- the by-product after reaction and excess dimethyl carbonate were removed by reducing the pressure at the vent port to -0.092 MPa.
- the resin that emerged as a strand from a die provided at the exit of the extruder was cooled in a water tank and then pelletized with a pelletizer to obtain a glutarimide acrylic resin (G2) having a reduced acid value.
- the imidization ratio of the glutarimide acrylic resin (G2) is 70%, the content of glutarimide units is 70% by weight, the acid value is 0.2 mmol / g, the glass transition temperature is 140 ° C., and the refractive index is 1.53. there were.
- (Production Example 4) Production of (meth) acrylic resin F1-2 According to the composition of alkyl ester acrylate cross-linked elastic particles (B) and monomer mixture (E) shown in Table 1, as in Production Example 3. Polymerization was carried out, followed by coagulation, washing with water and drying to obtain a resin powder F1-2 of (meth) acrylic resin (F). However, the average particle diameter of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) was adjusted to 40 nm.
- Production of (meth) acrylic resin F1-4 As in Production Example 3, the composition of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) and monomer mixture (E) shown in Table 1 was used. Polymerization was carried out, coagulation, water washing and drying were carried out to obtain a resin powder F1-4 of (meth) acrylic resin (F). The average particle diameter of the acrylic acid alkyl ester-based crosslinked elastic particles (B) was adjusted to 75 nm as in Production Example 3.
- Example 13 The film obtained in Example 1 was stretched 1.8 times in length and 1.8 times in width at a temperature 5 degrees higher than its glass transition temperature, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 14 The film obtained in Example 2 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 15 The film obtained in Example 3 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 16 The film obtained in Example 4 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 17 The film obtained in Example 8 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 18 The film obtained in Example 9 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 19 The film obtained in Example 10 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Example 20 Glutarimide acrylic resin (G1) shown in Table 5 using a mesh type co-rotating twin screw extruder with a diameter of 30 mm, setting temperature of the temperature adjustment zone of the extruder to 240 ° C., screw rotation speed to 250 rpm, A mixture of (meth) acrylic resin (F) was supplied at a rate of 10 kg / hr. The resin that came out as a strand from a die provided at the exit of the extruder was cooled in a water tank and pelletized with a pelletizer.
- Comparative Example 11 The film obtained in Comparative Example 1 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Comparative Example 12 The film obtained in Comparative Example 2 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Comparative Example 13 The film obtained in Comparative Example 3 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Comparative Example 14 The film obtained in Comparative Example 8 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Comparative Example 15 The film obtained in Comparative Example 9 was stretched in the same manner as in Example 13, and various physical properties were measured.
- Tables 2 to 5 below show the blending ratio of each component and the evaluation results of various physical properties in each Example and Comparative Example.
- the glass transition temperature is 120 ° C. or higher, the heat resistance is high, and the haze value is low, so the transparency is high, and the flexibility is as shown by good folding resistance.
- the acrylic resin film was also excellent in terms of properties, had few fish eyes, could be stretched, and was excellent in vacuum moldability.
- the films of Examples subjected to the stretching treatment have extremely small optical anisotropy in the in-plane direction and the thickness direction.
- Example 20 has high heat resistance, can be stretched, and is excellent in vacuum formability. Moreover, since the haze value is low, the transparency is high, and the flexibility is excellent as shown by the good bending resistance. Moreover, the film with few fish eyes was obtained, without containing unsaturated carboxylic acid in a monomer mixture (E) by making acrylic acid alkylester type
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Abstract
Description
アクリル酸アルキルエステル、及びこれと共重合可能な他のビニル単量体を共重合させて得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子の存在下に、ビニル基含有化合物を重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)。
本発明では、前記樹脂組成物100重量%において、前記アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子が5~40重量%含まれることが好ましい。
アクリル酸アルキルエステル50~100重量%、およびメタクリル酸アルキルエステル50~0重量%を含む単量体混合物100重量部と、1分子あたり2個以上の非共役二重結合を有する多官能性単量体0.5~5重量部とを共重合して得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の存在下、
メタクリル酸アルキルエステル60~100重量%、およびアクリル酸アルキルエステル0~40重量を含む単量体混合物(E)を重合することにより得られることが好ましい。
アクリル酸アルキルエステル50~100重量%、およびメタクリル酸アルキルエステル50~0重量%を含む単量体混合物100重量部と、1分子あたり2個以上の非共役二重結合を有する多官能性単量体0.5~5重量部とを共重合して得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の存在下、
不飽和カルボン酸10重量%を超えて35重量%以下、メタクリル酸アルキルエステル50重量%以上90重量%未満、およびアクリル酸アルキルエステル0重量%以上40重量%未満を含む単量体混合物(E)を重合することにより得られ、
(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)中のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の含有率が30重量%を超えて60重量%以下であることが好ましい。
グルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)は、ガラス転移温度が120℃以上であり、下記一般式(1)で表される単位と、下記一般式(2)で表される単位とを含むものである。
[メチルメタクリレート単位の含有量A(mol%)]=100×a/(a+b)
[グルタルイミド単位の含有量B(mol%)]=100×b/(a+b)
[グルタルイミド単位の含有量(重量%)]=100×(b×(グルタルイミド単位の分子量))/(a×(メチルメタクリレート単位の分子量)+b×(グルタルイミド単位の分子量))
なお、モノマー単位として上記以外の単位を含む場合においても、樹脂中の各モノマー単位の含有量(mol%)と分子量から、同様にグルタルイミド単位の含有量(重量%)を求めることができる。
グルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)を製造するにあたっては、上記イミド化工程に加えて、エステル化剤で処理するエステル化工程を含むことができる。このエステル化工程によって、イミド化工程にて副生した、樹脂中に含まれるカルボキシル基を、エステル基に変換することができる。これにより、グルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)の酸価を所望の範囲内に調整することができる。
((メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F))
(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)は、複層構造を持つもので、アクリル酸アルキルエステル、及びこれと共重合可能な他のビニル単量体を共重合させて得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の存在下に、単量体混合物(E)を重合させて得られる。
これら配向複屈折、および光弾性複屈折に基づく光弾性定数が十分に小さい樹脂が、光学用途として適した材料といえる。
Rth=((nx+ny)/2-nz)×d
上記式中において、nx、ny、およびnzは、それぞれ、面内屈折率が最大となる方向をX軸、X軸に垂直な方向をY軸、フィルムの厚さ方向をZ軸とし、それぞれの軸方向の屈折率を表す。また、dはフィルムの厚さを表し、nx-nyは配向複屈折を表す。
アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の平均粒子径は、粒子径分析装置(LEED&NORTHRUP INSTRUMENTS社のMICROTRAC UPA150)を用いて、光散乱法により体積平均粒子径を測定した。
イミド化率の算出は、IRを用いて下記の通り行った。生成物のペレットを塩化メチレンに溶解し、その溶液について、SensIR Tecnologies社製TravelIRを用いて、室温にてIRスペクトルを測定した。得られたIRスペクトルより、1720cm-1のエステルカルボニル基に帰属する吸収強度(Absester)と、1660cm-1のイミドカルボニル基に帰属する吸収強度(Absimide)との比からイミド化率(Im%(IR))を求めた。ここで、「イミド化率」とは、全カルボニル基中のイミドカルボニル基の占める割合をいう。
1H-NMR BRUKER AvanceIII(400MHz)を用いて、樹脂の1H-NMR測定を行い、樹脂中のグルタルイミド単位またはエステル単位などの各モノマー単位それぞれの含有量(mol%)を求め、当該含有量(mol%)を、各モノマー単位の分子量を使用して含有量(重量%)に換算した。
特開2005-23272号公報に記載の滴定法により算出した。
各組成物の屈折率は、それぞれの組成物をシート状に加工し、(株)アタゴ 精密アッベ屈折計を用いて測定した。
各組成物のガラス転移温度は、(株)島津製作所 示差走査熱量計DSC-50型を用い、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度20℃/minで測定し、中点法により決定した。
フィルムのヘーズ値は、(株)日本電色工業 NDH-300Aを用い、JIS K7105に記載の方法にて測定した。
フィルムの耐折り曲げ性は、23℃の雰囲気下で、フィルムを2cm×2cmに切って、中央部で、MD方向に垂直に1秒で180度に折り曲げた時のフィルムの破壊状態を観察することで評価した。
○:割れない、△:亀裂有り、×:割れる
(MIT強度)
下記条件にて二軸延伸フィルムを作成し、延伸可能なサンプルに関して、(株)東洋精機製作所 MIT耐折疲労試験機を用い、JIS C5016の方法に従ってMIT強度を測定した。測定条件は、R=0.38、荷重100gとした。
フィルムの延伸性は、(株)井元製作所 二軸延伸装置 11A7を用い、評価サンプルのガラス転移温度から5℃高い温度雰囲気下で縦1.8倍、横1.8倍にてフィルムの延伸を試みることで評価した。
○:延伸可能、×:延伸不可能
(膜厚)
延伸フィルムの膜厚は、デジマティックインジケーター(株式会社ミツトヨ製)を用いて測定した。
(面内位相差Reおよび厚み方向位相差Rth〕
フィルムから、40mm×40mmの試験片を切り出した。この試験片の面内位相差Reを、自動複屈折計(王子計測株式会社製 KOBRA-WR)を用いて、温度23±2℃、湿度50±5%において、波長590nm、入射角0゜で測定した。
フィルム表面温度が150℃になった時点で、長さ10cm、幅10cm、高さ5cmの金型でフィルムの真空成形を実施した。同じ操作を5回繰り返し、得られた各成形品において割れ発生の有無を確認した。
○:5回全て割れ無し、△:1回割れ有り、×:5回全て割れ有り
(フィッシュアイ)
A4サイズのフィルムサンプルの表面において、大蔵省発行のぎょう雑物検査表を使用し、0.5平方ミリメートル以上の異物(フィッシュアイ)をカウントした。
○:5個以下、△:6個~10個、×:11個以上
(配向複屈折)
フィルムから試験片を切り出し、自動複屈折計(王子計測株式会社製 KOBRA-WR)を用いて、温度23±2℃、湿度50±5%において、波長590nmにて測定した。
フィルムからTD方向に15mm×70mmの短冊状に試験片を切断した。自動複屈折計(王子計測株式会社製 KOBRA-WR)を用いて、温度23±2℃、湿度50±5%において、波長590nmにて測定した。測定は、フィルムの一端を固定し、他端は無荷重から4kgfまで0.5kgfずつ荷重をかけた状態で複屈折率を測定し、得られた結果から、横軸に応力、縦軸に複屈折をプロットし、最小自乗法により求め得られた直線の傾きを光弾性定数とした。
原料樹脂としてポリメタクリル酸メチル、イミド化剤としてモノメチルアミンを用いて、グルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)を製造した。
原料樹脂としてメタクリル酸メチル-スチレン共重合体(スチレン量11モル%)、イミド化剤としてモノメチルアミンを用いて、グルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)を製造した。
攪拌機付き8L重合装置に、以下の物質を仕込んだ。
脱イオン水 200部
ジオクチルスルフォコハク酸ナトリウム 0.25部
ソジウムホルムアルデヒドスルフォキシレート 0.15部
エチレンジアミン四酢酸-2-ナトリウム 0.005部
硫酸第一鉄 0.0015部
重合機内を窒素ガスで充分に置換し実質的に酸素のない状態とした後、内温を60℃にし、表1に示したアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の単量体混合物45部(アクリル酸ブチル90%、メタクリル酸メチル10重量%)とメタクリル酸アリル3.1部とキュメンハイドロパーオキサイド0.2部とを、10部/時間の割合で連続的に添加した。添加終了後、さらに0.5時間重合を継続し、アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)を得た。重合転化率は99.5%であり、粒子(B)の平均粒子径は75nmであった。
表1に示したアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)および単量体混合物(E)の組成により製造例3と同様に重合を行い、凝固、水洗、乾燥をして(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の樹脂粉末F1-2を得た。ただし、アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の平均粒子径は40nmに調整した。
表1に示したアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)および単量体混合物(E)の組成により製造例3と同様に重合を行い、凝固、水洗、乾燥をして(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の樹脂粉末F1-4を得た。アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の平均粒子径は製造例3と同様に75nmに調整した。
表1に示したアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)および単量体混合物(E)の組成により製造例3と同様に重合を行い、凝固、水洗、乾燥をして(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の樹脂粉末F1-3を得た。ただし、アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の平均粒子径は120nmに調整した。
表1に示したアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)および単量体混合物(E)の組成により製造例3と同様に重合を行い、凝固、水洗、乾燥をして(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の樹脂粉末F1-5を得た。ただし、アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の平均粒子径は120nmに調整した。
口径30mmの噛合い型同方向回転式二軸押出機を用い、押出機の温度調整ゾーンの設定温度を240℃、スクリュー回転数を250rpmとし、表2に示すグルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G1)または(G2)、および(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の混合物を、10kg/hrの割合で供給した。押出機出口に設けられたダイスからストランドとして出てきた樹脂を水槽で冷却し、ペレタイザでペレット化した。
表3に示すグルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G1)もしくは(G2)またはアクリル系樹脂(住友化学工業社製、ポリメチルメタクリレート、商品名:スミペックスLG)、および、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の混合物から、実施例1~12と同様の手順で、表3に示す膜厚のフィルムを得た。これらフィルムについて各種物性を評価した。
実施例1で得られたフィルムをそのガラス転移温度から5度高い温度で、縦1.8倍、横1.8倍に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
実施例2で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
実施例3で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
実施例4で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
実施例8で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
実施例9で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
実施例10で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
口径30mmの噛合い型同方向回転式二軸押出機を用い、押出機の温度調整ゾーンの設定温度を240℃、スクリュー回転数を250rpmとし、表5に示すグルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G1)および(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の混合物を、10kg/hrの割合で供給した。押出機出口に設けられたダイスからストランドとして出てきた樹脂を水槽で冷却し、ペレタイザでペレット化した。
比較例1で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
比較例2で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
比較例3で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
比較例8で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
比較例9で得られたフィルムを実施例13と同様に延伸し、各種物性を測定した。
表5に示すグルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G1)またはアクリル系樹脂(住友化学工業社製、ポリメチルメタクリレート、商品名:スミペックスEX)、および、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)の混合物から、実施例1~12と同様の手順で、表5に示す膜厚のフィルムを得た。これらフィルムについて各種物性を評価した。
Claims (8)
- 以下の成分(G)、及び(F)を含有する樹脂組成物を成形して得られるアクリル系樹脂フィルム。
下記一般式(1)で表される単位と、下記一般式(2)で表される単位とを有し、ガラス転移温度が120℃以上であるグルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)。
(式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~8のアルキル基であり、R3は、水素、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、または、芳香環を含む炭素数5~15の置換基である。)
(式中、R4およびR5は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~8のアルキル基であり、R6は、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、または、芳香環を含む炭素数5~15の置換基である。)
アクリル酸アルキルエステル、及びこれと共重合可能な他のビニル単量体を共重合させて得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子の存在下に、ビニル基含有化合物を重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)。 - 前記樹脂組成物100重量%において、前記アクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子が5~40重量%含まれる、請求項1又は2に記載のアクリル系樹脂フィルム。
- 前記樹脂組成物100重量%において、グルタルイミドアクリル系樹脂(G)40~90重量%と(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)60~10重量%を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のアクリル系樹脂フィルム。
- (メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)が、
アクリル酸アルキルエステル50~100重量%、およびメタクリル酸アルキルエステル50~0重量%を含む単量体混合物100重量部と、1分子あたり2個以上の非共役二重結合を有する多官能性単量体0.5~5重量部とを共重合して得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の存在下、
メタクリル酸アルキルエステル60~100重量%、およびアクリル酸アルキルエステル0~40重量を含む単量体混合物(E)を重合することにより得られる、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のアクリル系樹脂フィルム。 - (メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)が、
アクリル酸アルキルエステル50~100重量%、およびメタクリル酸アルキルエステル50~0重量%を含む単量体混合物100重量部と、1分子あたり2個以上の非共役二重結合を有する多官能性単量体0.5~5重量部とを共重合して得られる平均粒子径が80nm未満のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の存在下、
不飽和カルボン酸10重量%を超えて35重量%以下、メタクリル酸アルキルエステル50重量%以上90重量%未満、およびアクリル酸アルキルエステル0重量%以上40重量%未満を含む単量体混合物(E)を重合することにより得られ、
(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(F)中のアクリル酸アルキルエステル系架橋弾性体粒子(B)の含有率が30重量%を超えて60重量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のアクリル系樹脂フィルム。 - 前記アクリル系樹脂フィルムは、ガラス転移温度が115℃以上、ヘーズ値が1.0%以下、厚みが300μm以下である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のアクリル系樹脂フィルム。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のアクリル系樹脂フィルムからなる光学フィルム。
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KR101883688B1 (ko) | 2018-08-01 |
US20140045995A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
EP2690139B1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
CN103380175A (zh) | 2013-10-30 |
JP5789292B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
EP2690139A4 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
EP2690139A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
KR20130140771A (ko) | 2013-12-24 |
US9273208B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
CN103380175B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
JPWO2012114718A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
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