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WO2012107848A1 - Alarm system for detecting detachment of teeth and/or adapter in backhoe equipment blades - Google Patents

Alarm system for detecting detachment of teeth and/or adapter in backhoe equipment blades Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012107848A1
WO2012107848A1 PCT/IB2012/050221 IB2012050221W WO2012107848A1 WO 2012107848 A1 WO2012107848 A1 WO 2012107848A1 IB 2012050221 W IB2012050221 W IB 2012050221W WO 2012107848 A1 WO2012107848 A1 WO 2012107848A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
transmitter
adapter
receiver
tooth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2012/050221
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergio MONZON OSORIO
Original Assignee
Universidad Católica Del Norte
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Católica Del Norte filed Critical Universidad Católica Del Norte
Priority to AU2012215112A priority Critical patent/AU2012215112B2/en
Publication of WO2012107848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012107848A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/24—Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26—Indicating devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the mining industry, especially with teeth and bucket adapters of mechanical, hydraulic shovels or any type of backhoe equipment that possesses these elements.
  • the present invention consists of an alarm system for detecting the detachment of teeth and / or adapters in said equipment.
  • a state-of-the-art monitoring system is described, for example, in CA 2,198,304, which describes a mounting that includes an excavation tooth that extends forward from an edge of the excavation instrument.
  • the assembly includes an actionable indicator formed by a smoke flare, and an actuator formed by a cord that breaks when the tooth detaches
  • US patent application 2004/0227645 discloses a detector and transmitter of breaking signal.
  • the mechanism has a recess in a surface of the metal parts.
  • a movable unit and a spring normally propel an antenna to move outward from a metal housing.
  • a circuit board generates a radio frequency alarm signal.
  • each blade 9 transmitters and 1 receiver are incorporated, where each one has the same frequency and the same identification code, so the frequency used for the alarm signal is unique and implies that for each tooth that has this
  • the transmitter must have a receiver at a different frequency, which at the same time implies a receiver capable of discerning as many frequencies as built-in transmitters. Therefore, to avoid interference between different signals and to detect in a timely manner which tooth has been detached, differentiated frequency receivers must be available for each detector. This is not always possible since other frequency channels are used for other purposes in the mining industry.
  • US Patent 6,870,485 describes a method that consists in mechanically detecting the separation of a tooth from the leading edge of a mining equipment shovel and sending a radio signal in response to mechanical detection.
  • the radio signal is received at another location and a warning signal is generated in response to the reception of the radio signal.
  • all transmitters are operated on the same frequency, but said frequencies are encoded in each blade, not in each tooth. This allows, on the one hand, to have a nearby device operating with the same frequency and another identification code, but it does not allow to identify which tooth has been detached once the operator is alerted through the alarm device, so that it can determine only visually which tooth was detached of the shovel. The latter is actually extremely difficult to perform since, even when the blade has stopped, the environment has very low visibility.
  • an alarm system for the detachment of teeth and / or adapters on blades for backhoes, such as front loaders, which is completely independent of the visual environment in which said blade operates.
  • the system comprises, in each of the teeth and / or adapters of the blade, a hermetic sensor and a multi-channel transmitter, which is programmed in the transmitter module, allowing the same frequency to be used in nearby blades, but thanks to the coding will only warn the blade that has the detachment, thus alerting in a timely manner the detachment of teeth and / or adapters, by radiofrequency.
  • Said sensor and transmitter are physically located either in each tooth and adapter of the bucket of the blades or only in the adapter thereof, while a receiver is located in the operating cabin.
  • the transmitter that was in a state of rest begins to transmit to the receiver, giving notice to the operator of the blade that suffered the tooth detachment or detachments. This prevents the tooth from being deposited in the crusher and causing it to bind.
  • the alarm system of the present invention exposes a sensor-transmitter that has a hermetic seal that isolates it from water and dust, and that may have reduced dimensions, so that the space in which it is located is equally reduced, which It implies that it does not weaken the tooth and / or adapter.
  • the system is equipped with an encoder in the transmitter and a decoder in the receiver, allowing multiple channels for the same frequency of transmission. Therefore, you can have a shovel working side by side with the same frequency but coded differently, which does not interfere with the signals, making each blade unique in its environment and thus stopping only the one that had detachment
  • the alarm system of the present invention does not have an actuation mechanism as there is separation of the pieces. It transmits the signals through a fully hermetic magnetic system. In addition, as an audible or light signal, the operator does not need to be aware of monitors.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic of the sensor-transmitter in the tooth and blade adapter.
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of the operating cabin, where the location of the receiver-decoder and the alarm signals of the system are shown.
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram of the sensor-transmitter operation.
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram of the operation of the receiver-decoder.
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram of the internal sensor-transmitter arrangement.
  • Figure 6 shows a diagram of the internal arrangement of the receiver-decoder.
  • the present invention consists of an alarm system for detecting the detachment of teeth 120 and / or adapter 130 in blades for backhoes, which is completely independent of the visual environment in which the blade operates.
  • Said sensor and transmitter are physically located either in each tooth 120 and adapter 130 of the bucket of the blades, or only in the adapter 130 thereof, while a receiver-decoder 1 10 is located in the operating cabin 140
  • a transmitter module 106 that was in the rest state begins to transmit to a receiver module 1 14, giving notice to the operator of the blade that suffered the or tooth detachments 120 and / or adapters 130. This prevents the tooth from being deposited in the crusher and causes a blockage.
  • the alarm system for detecting tooth detachment 120 or adapter 130 on backhoe equipment blades comprises:
  • a sensor-transmitter 101 located either on each tooth 120 and its respective adapter 130 of the bucket of the blades, or only on the adapter 130 thereof, wherein said sensor-transmitter 101 at the same time comprises: a source of sensor-transmitter power 102;
  • an adapter sensor 103 and a tooth sensor 104 which monitor and detect the detachment of adapter 130 and tooth 120 respectively;
  • an encoder 105 which encodes the information coming from the sensors
  • the encoder 105 programs the code to be transmitted and sends said coding to the transmitter module 106, which then sends the information to the receiver-encoder 1 10;
  • the receiver module 1 14 receives the transmission of one of the transmitters 106 and sends the information to the decoder 1 13, which is responsible for processing said information to finally issue an alarm signal 1 17 to the blade operator, indicating that some Shovel element has come off.
  • the invention has an encoder in each sensor-transmitter 101 and a decoder in the receiver 10, multiple channels can be obtained for the same transmission frequency.
  • the adapter sensor 103 corresponds to a magnetic switch located in the transmitter module 106
  • the tooth sensor 104 corresponds to a remote magnetic switch located in the tooth 120.
  • the tooth sensor 104 may alternatively be located in the adapter 130, at the end closest to the tooth 120, as can be seen in Figure 1. In this case, all the parts of the sensor-transmitter 101 would have to be in the adapter.
  • the power supply 102 of the sensor-transmitter module 101 may correspond to a battery
  • the power supply of the receiver 1 1 1 may correspond to a battery backup.
  • the alarm signal 1 17 emitted for the blade operator corresponds to an auditory and visual signal comprising a siren 141 and a strobe lamp 142.
  • the transmitter sensor may have reduced dimensions, such as a small cylinder of 3 cm in diameter and 4 cm. long, so that the space where this "sensor-transmitter" is located, is very small and therefore does not weaken the tooth and / or adapter as described in the patent.
  • the sensor-transmitter 101 has an airtight seal that insulates it from water and dust.
  • the encoder 105 which encodes the information from the sensors, has an activation indicator 107.
  • the receiver-encoder 1 10 additionally comprises an antenna 1 15 and is contained within a receiver cabinet 1 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An alarm system for detecting the detachment of teeth 120 and/or adapter 130 on backhoe equipment blades, which is completely independent of the visual environment in which the blade is operating, which comprises a sensor/transmitter 101 located either on each tooth 120 and the respective adapter thereof 130 of the blade scoop, or only on the adapter 130 thereof, in which said sensor/transmitter 10 comprises a source of power for the sensor/transmitter 102; an adapter sensor 03 and a tooth sensor 104 which monitor and detect detachment of the tooth 120 and/or adapter 130; an encoder 105, which encodes the information originating from the sensors; a transmitter module 106; and a receiver/decoder 110 located in the operating cab 140, which comprises: a receiving module 114; a source of power for the receiver 111; a signal inverter 112; and a decoder 113; in which, in the sensor/transmitter 101, the encoder 105 programs the code to be transmitted and conveys said encoding to the transmitter module 106 which then conveys the information to the receiver/encoder 110; in which the receiver module 114 receives the signal from one of the transmitters 06 and conveys the information to the decoder 113 which processes the information in order to emit an alarm signal 117 for the operator, indicating that a certain blade element has become detached; and in which the presence of an encoder in each sensor/transmitter 101 and a decoder in the receiver 110 makes it possible to obtain multiple channels for one and the same transmission frequency.

Description

UN SISTEMA DE ALARMA PARA DETECTAR EL DESPRENDIMIENTO DE DIENTES Y/O ADAPTADOR EN PALAS PARA EQUIPOS DE  AN ALARM SYSTEM TO DETECT THE DETACHMENT OF TEETH AND / OR ADAPTER IN SHOVELS FOR TEAMS
RETROEXCAVACION.  RETROEXCAVATION.
MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN SCOPE
La presente invención se relaciona con la industria de la minería, especialmente con dientes y adaptadores de cucharones de palas mecánicas, hidráulicas o cualquier tipo de equipo de retroexcavacion que posea estos elementos. En particular, la presente invención consiste en un sistema de alarma para la detección del desprendimiento de dientes y/o adaptadores en dichos equipos.  The present invention relates to the mining industry, especially with teeth and bucket adapters of mechanical, hydraulic shovels or any type of backhoe equipment that possesses these elements. In particular, the present invention consists of an alarm system for detecting the detachment of teeth and / or adapters in said equipment.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
Normalmente, en faenas mineras, es habitual dentro del funcionamiento de equipos de retroexcavacion el desprendimiento de dientes y/o adaptadores de las palas de estos equipos. Así, si dicho elemento desprendido ingresa al chancador, éste no podrá triturarlo produciéndose un trabamiento mecánico que obligará a detener el equipo y por ende todo el proceso de descarga y molienda de mineral. Normally, in mining operations, the detachment of teeth and / or adapters of the blades of these equipment is common within the operation of backhoes. Thus, if said detached element enters the crusher, it will not be able to crush it, producing a mechanical locking that will force the equipment to stop and therefore the whole process of unloading and grinding ore.
Para efecto de monitorear el desprendimiento de un diente de cucharón en las palas de equipos de retroexcavacion, se utilizan cámaras visuales ubicadas en la pala que apuntan al balde o cucharón; esto tiene una limitación en cuanto a la poca visibilidad en ambientes con mucho polvo y la necesidad que el operador esté pendiente de los monitores de estas cámaras. For the purpose of monitoring the detachment of a ladle tooth on the backhoes of shovels, visual cameras located on the blade that point to the bucket or ladle are used; This has a limitation in terms of poor visibility in dusty environments and the need for the operator to be aware of the monitors of these cameras.
Un sistema de monitoreo del estado del arte se describe por ejemplo, en la patente CA 2.198.304, en donde se describe un montaje que incluye un diente de excavación que se extiende hacia delante desde un borde del instrumento de excavación. El montaje incluye un indicador accionable formado por una bengala de humo, y un actuador formado por un cordón que se rompe al desprenderse el diente A state-of-the-art monitoring system is described, for example, in CA 2,198,304, which describes a mounting that includes an excavation tooth that extends forward from an edge of the excavation instrument. The assembly includes an actionable indicator formed by a smoke flare, and an actuator formed by a cord that breaks when the tooth detaches
i de excavación, activando la bengala de humo que entrega una señal visual de que el diente de excavación se ha desprendido. De esta manera, la detección del desprendimiento del diente de excavación también depende de la atención visual del operario sobre el terreno, por lo cual, dado el entorno de baja visibilidad, aún existe el riesgo de que la señal visual de la bengala de humo pase inadvertida. i digging, activating the smoke flare that delivers a visual signal that the digging tooth has come off. In this way, the detection of the digging of the excavation tooth also depends on the visual attention of the operator on the ground, so, given the low visibility environment, there is still a risk that the visual signal of the smoke flare will pass unnoticed
La solicitud de patente US 2004/0227645 revela un detector y transmisor de señal de rompimiento. El mecanismo tiene una hendidura en una superficie de las piezas de metal. Una unidad movible y un resorte impulsan normalmente una antena para moverse hacia afuera desde un alojamiento del metal. Una tarjeta de circuitos genera una señal de alarma de radiofrecuencia. Sin embargo, en cada pala se incorporan 9 transmisores y 1 receptor, donde cada uno posee la misma frecuencia e igual código de identificación, por lo que la frecuencia utilizada para la señal de alarma es única e implica que para cada diente que tenga incorporado este transmisor se debe tener un receptor a una diferente frecuencia, lo cual a la vez implica un receptor capaz de discernir tantas frecuencias como transmisores incorporados. Por lo tanto, para evitar interferencias entre diferentes señales y detectar oportunamente qué diente se ha desprendido, se deben disponer de receptores de frecuencias diferenciadas para cada detector. Lo cual no es siempre posible puesto que otros canales de frecuencias son utilizadas para otros fines en la industria minera. US patent application 2004/0227645 discloses a detector and transmitter of breaking signal. The mechanism has a recess in a surface of the metal parts. A movable unit and a spring normally propel an antenna to move outward from a metal housing. A circuit board generates a radio frequency alarm signal. However, in each blade 9 transmitters and 1 receiver are incorporated, where each one has the same frequency and the same identification code, so the frequency used for the alarm signal is unique and implies that for each tooth that has this The transmitter must have a receiver at a different frequency, which at the same time implies a receiver capable of discerning as many frequencies as built-in transmitters. Therefore, to avoid interference between different signals and to detect in a timely manner which tooth has been detached, differentiated frequency receivers must be available for each detector. This is not always possible since other frequency channels are used for other purposes in the mining industry.
Por otro lado, la patente US 6.870.485 describe un método que consiste en detectar mecánicamente la separación de un diente del borde delantero de una pala de un equipo de minería y enviar una señal de radio en respuesta de la detección mecánica. La señal de radio se recibe en otra ubicación y se genera una señal de advertencia en respuesta a la recepción de la señal de radio. Sin embargo, según se indica en dicho documento, todos los transmisores se operan en la misma frecuencia, pero dichas frecuencias son codificadas en cada pala, no en cada diente. Esto permite por un lado tener un equipo cercano operando con la misma frecuencia y otro código de identificación, pero no permite identificar qué diente se ha desprendido una vez que se alerta al operario a través del dispositivo de alarma, de tal manera que este puede determinar sólo visualmente cual diente fue desprendido de la pala. Esto último, es en realidad extremadamente difícil de realizar ya que, aún cuando la pala se ha detenido, el entorno tiene muy baja visibilidad. On the other hand, US Patent 6,870,485 describes a method that consists in mechanically detecting the separation of a tooth from the leading edge of a mining equipment shovel and sending a radio signal in response to mechanical detection. The radio signal is received at another location and a warning signal is generated in response to the reception of the radio signal. However, as indicated in said document, all transmitters are operated on the same frequency, but said frequencies are encoded in each blade, not in each tooth. This allows, on the one hand, to have a nearby device operating with the same frequency and another identification code, but it does not allow to identify which tooth has been detached once the operator is alerted through the alarm device, so that it can determine only visually which tooth was detached of the shovel. The latter is actually extremely difficult to perform since, even when the blade has stopped, the environment has very low visibility.
Por lo tanto, se puede observar a partir del arte previo, que no existe un dispositivo completamente independiente del entorno visual en el cual opera la pala en equipos de retroexcavación. Therefore, it can be seen from the prior art that there is no device completely independent of the visual environment in which the shovel operates in backhoes.
De este modo, con el objetivo de resolver el problema planteado previamente, se presenta un sistema de alarma para el desprendimiento de dientes y/o adaptadores en palas para equipos de retroexcavación, como por ejemplo cargadores frontales, el cual es completamente independiente del entorno visual en el cual opera dicha pala. El sistema comprende, en cada uno de los dientes y/o adaptadores de la pala, un sensor hermético y un transmisor de múltiples canales, el cual se programa en el modulo transmisor, permitiendo utilizar una misma frecuencia en palas cercanas, pero gracias a la codificación sólo avisará la pala que tenga el desprendimiento, alertando así en forma oportuna del desprendimiento de dientes y/o adaptadores, mediante radiofrecuencia.  Thus, in order to solve the problem previously raised, an alarm system is presented for the detachment of teeth and / or adapters on blades for backhoes, such as front loaders, which is completely independent of the visual environment in which said blade operates. The system comprises, in each of the teeth and / or adapters of the blade, a hermetic sensor and a multi-channel transmitter, which is programmed in the transmitter module, allowing the same frequency to be used in nearby blades, but thanks to the coding will only warn the blade that has the detachment, thus alerting in a timely manner the detachment of teeth and / or adapters, by radiofrequency.
Dichos sensor y transmisor se encuentran ubicados físicamente ya sea en cada diente y adaptador del cucharón de las palas o bien únicamente en el adaptador de la misma, mientras que un receptor se ubica en la cabina de operación. Cuando uno o más dientes se desprenden de la pala debido a alguna falla, el transmisor que se encontraba en estado de reposo, empieza a transmitir al receptor, dando aviso al operador de la pala que sufrió el o los desprendimientos de dientes. Con lo cual se evita que el diente sea depositado en el chancador y le provoque un atascamiento. El sistema de alarma de la presente invención expone un sensor-transmisor que posee un sellado hermético que lo aisla del agua y del polvo, y que puede tener dimensiones reducidas, por lo que el espacio en donde se encuentra ubicado es igualmente reducido, lo cual implica que no debilita el diente y/o adaptador.  Said sensor and transmitter are physically located either in each tooth and adapter of the bucket of the blades or only in the adapter thereof, while a receiver is located in the operating cabin. When one or more teeth are detached from the blade due to some failure, the transmitter that was in a state of rest begins to transmit to the receiver, giving notice to the operator of the blade that suffered the tooth detachment or detachments. This prevents the tooth from being deposited in the crusher and causing it to bind. The alarm system of the present invention exposes a sensor-transmitter that has a hermetic seal that isolates it from water and dust, and that may have reduced dimensions, so that the space in which it is located is equally reduced, which It implies that it does not weaken the tooth and / or adapter.
Además, en el presente sistema, existe la opción de dejar dos contactos disponibles para que sean canalizados hacia una sala de control en la mina a través de una interfase; es decir, el sistema posee doble monitoreo, mejorando la seguridad y fiabilidad del mismo. In addition, in the present system, there is the option of leaving two contacts available to be channeled to a control room in the mine through an interface; that is, the system has double monitoring, improving its security and reliability.
El sistema está equipado con un codificador en el transmisor y un decodificador en el receptor, permitiendo múltiples canales para una misma frecuencia de transmisión. Por lo tanto, se puede tener una pala trabajando al lado de otra con la misma frecuencia pero codificada de diferente manera, con lo cual no se interfieren las señales, haciendo a cada pala única en su entorno y deteniendo de esta manera sólo la que tuvo el desprendimiento. The system is equipped with an encoder in the transmitter and a decoder in the receiver, allowing multiple channels for the same frequency of transmission. Therefore, you can have a shovel working side by side with the same frequency but coded differently, which does not interfere with the signals, making each blade unique in its environment and thus stopping only the one that had detachment
Por último, el sistema de alarma de la presente invención no posee un mecanismo de actuación al haber separación de las piezas. Éste transmite las señales a través de un sistema magnético totalmente hermético. Además, por ser una señal audible o lumínica, el operador no necesita estar pendiente de monitores.  Finally, the alarm system of the present invention does not have an actuation mechanism as there is separation of the pieces. It transmits the signals through a fully hermetic magnetic system. In addition, as an audible or light signal, the operator does not need to be aware of monitors.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La Figura 1 muestra un esquema del sensor-transmisor en el diente y adaptador de la pala.  Figure 1 shows a schematic of the sensor-transmitter in the tooth and blade adapter.
La Figura 2 muestra un esquema de la cabina de operación, en donde se expone la ubicación del receptor-decodificador y las señales de alarma del sistema.  Figure 2 shows a diagram of the operating cabin, where the location of the receiver-decoder and the alarm signals of the system are shown.
La Figura 3 muestra un diagrama del funcionamiento del sensor-transmisor. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the sensor-transmitter operation.
La Figura 4 muestra un diagrama del funcionamiento del receptor-decodificador. La Figura 5 muestra un esquema de la disposición interna de sensor-transmisor. La Figura 6 muestra un esquema de la disposición interna del receptor- decodificador. Figure 4 shows a diagram of the operation of the receiver-decoder. Figure 5 shows a diagram of the internal sensor-transmitter arrangement. Figure 6 shows a diagram of the internal arrangement of the receiver-decoder.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Tal como se mencionó previamente, la presente invención consiste en un sistema de alarma para detectar el desprendimiento de dientes 120 y/o adaptador 130 en palas para equipos de retroexcavación, el cual es completamente independiente del entorno visual en el cual opera la pala.  As previously mentioned, the present invention consists of an alarm system for detecting the detachment of teeth 120 and / or adapter 130 in blades for backhoes, which is completely independent of the visual environment in which the blade operates.
Dichos sensor y transmisor se encuentran ubicados físicamente ya sea en cada diente 120 y adaptador 130 del cucharón de las palas, o bien únicamente en el adaptador 130 de la misma, mientras que un receptor-decodificador 1 10 se ubica en la cabina de operación 140. Así, cuando uno o más dientes 120 se desprenden de la pala debido a alguna falla, un módulo transmisor 106 que se encontraba en estado de reposo empieza a transmitir a un módulo receptor 1 14, dando aviso al operador de la pala que sufrió el o los desprendimientos de dientes 120 y/o adaptadores 130. Con lo cual se evita que el diente sea depositado en el chancador y provoque un atascamiento. Said sensor and transmitter are physically located either in each tooth 120 and adapter 130 of the bucket of the blades, or only in the adapter 130 thereof, while a receiver-decoder 1 10 is located in the operating cabin 140 Thus, when one or more teeth 120 are detached from the blade due to some failure, a transmitter module 106 that was in the rest state begins to transmit to a receiver module 1 14, giving notice to the operator of the blade that suffered the or tooth detachments 120 and / or adapters 130. This prevents the tooth from being deposited in the crusher and causes a blockage.
El sistema de alarma para detectar el desprendimiento de dientes 120 o adaptador 130 en palas de equipos de retroexcavación, comprende:  The alarm system for detecting tooth detachment 120 or adapter 130 on backhoe equipment blades, comprises:
un sensor-transmisor 101 , ubicado ya sea en cada diente 120 y su respectivo adaptador 130 del cucharón de las palas, o bien únicamente en el adaptador 130 de la misma, en donde dicho sensor-transmisor 101 a la vez comprende: una fuente de alimentación del sensor-transmisor 102;  a sensor-transmitter 101, located either on each tooth 120 and its respective adapter 130 of the bucket of the blades, or only on the adapter 130 thereof, wherein said sensor-transmitter 101 at the same time comprises: a source of sensor-transmitter power 102;
un sensor de adaptador 103 y un sensor de diente 104, los cuales monitorean y detectan el desprendimiento del adaptador 130 y del diente 120 respectivamente;  an adapter sensor 103 and a tooth sensor 104, which monitor and detect the detachment of adapter 130 and tooth 120 respectively;
un codificador 105, que codifica la información proveniente de los sensores;  an encoder 105, which encodes the information coming from the sensors;
un módulo transmisor 106; y  a transmitter module 106; Y
un receptor-decodificador 1 10, ubicado en la cabina de operación 140, el cual comprende:  a receiver-decoder 1 10, located in the operation cabin 140, which comprises:
un módulo receptor 1 14;  a receiver module 1 14;
una fuente de alimentación del receptor 1 1 1 ;  a power supply of the receiver 1 1 1;
un inversor de señal 1 12;  a signal inverter 1 12;
un decodificador 1 13;  a decoder 1 13;
donde en el sensor transmisor 101 el codificador 105 programa el código a transmitir y envía dicha codificación al modulo transmisor 106, el cual luego envía la información al receptor-codificador 1 10; y  where in the transmitter sensor 101 the encoder 105 programs the code to be transmitted and sends said coding to the transmitter module 106, which then sends the information to the receiver-encoder 1 10; Y
donde el módulo receptor 1 14 recibe la transmisión de alguno de los transmisores 106 y envía la información al decodificador 1 13, el cual se encarga de procesar dicha información para finalmente emitir una señal de alarma 1 17 al operador de la pala, indicando que algún elemento de la pala se ha desprendido.  where the receiver module 1 14 receives the transmission of one of the transmitters 106 and sends the information to the decoder 1 13, which is responsible for processing said information to finally issue an alarm signal 1 17 to the blade operator, indicating that some Shovel element has come off.
Así, debido a que la invención posee un codificador en cada sensor-transmisor 101 y un decodificador en el receptor 1 10 se puede obtener múltiples canales para una misma frecuencia de transmisión. En una configuración preferida de la invención, el sensor de adaptador 103 corresponde a un interruptor magnético ubicado en el módulo transmisor 106, mientras que el sensor de diente 104 corresponde a un interruptor magnético remoto ubicado en el diente 120. Thus, because the invention has an encoder in each sensor-transmitter 101 and a decoder in the receiver 10, multiple channels can be obtained for the same transmission frequency. In a preferred configuration of the invention, the adapter sensor 103 corresponds to a magnetic switch located in the transmitter module 106, while the tooth sensor 104 corresponds to a remote magnetic switch located in the tooth 120.
Además, en otra configuración de la invención, el sensor de diente 104 se puede ubicar en forma alternativa en el adaptador 130, en el extremo más cercano al diente 120, tal como se puede apreciar en la figura 1 . En este caso, se tendría que la totalidad de las partes del sensor-transmisor 101 se encuentran en el adaptador. Por otro lado, la fuente de alimentación 102 del módulo sensor-transmisor 101 puede corresponder a una pila, y la fuente de alimentación del receptor 1 1 1 puede corresponder a un respaldo de batería.  In addition, in another configuration of the invention, the tooth sensor 104 may alternatively be located in the adapter 130, at the end closest to the tooth 120, as can be seen in Figure 1. In this case, all the parts of the sensor-transmitter 101 would have to be in the adapter. On the other hand, the power supply 102 of the sensor-transmitter module 101 may correspond to a battery, and the power supply of the receiver 1 1 1 may correspond to a battery backup.
La señal de alarma 1 17 emitida para al operador de la pala corresponde a una señal auditiva y visual que comprende una sirena 141 y una lámpara estroboscópica 142. Por otro lado, el sensor transmisor puede tener dimensiones reducidas, como por ejemplo un pequeño cilindro de 3 cm. de diámetro y 4 cm. de largo, por lo que el espacio en donde va ubicado éste "sensor-transmisor", es muy reducido y por lo tanto no debilita el diente y/o adaptador como el descrito en la patente. Además, el sensor-transmisor 101 posee un sellado hermético que lo aisla del agua y del polvo. El codificador 105, que codifica la información proveniente de los sensores, posee un indicador de activación 107.  The alarm signal 1 17 emitted for the blade operator corresponds to an auditory and visual signal comprising a siren 141 and a strobe lamp 142. On the other hand, the transmitter sensor may have reduced dimensions, such as a small cylinder of 3 cm in diameter and 4 cm. long, so that the space where this "sensor-transmitter" is located, is very small and therefore does not weaken the tooth and / or adapter as described in the patent. In addition, the sensor-transmitter 101 has an airtight seal that insulates it from water and dust. The encoder 105, which encodes the information from the sensors, has an activation indicator 107.
El receptor-codificador 1 10 comprende adicionalmente una antena 1 15 y está contenido dentro de un gabinete del receptor 1 16.  The receiver-encoder 1 10 additionally comprises an antenna 1 15 and is contained within a receiver cabinet 1 16.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . Un sistema de alarma para detectar el desprendimiento de dientes 120 y/o adaptador 130 en palas para equipos de retroexcavacion, el cual es completamente independiente del entorno visual en el cual opera la pala, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende: un sensor-transmisor 101 , ubicado ya sea en cada diente 120 y su respectivo adaptador 130 de las palas, o bien únicamente en el adaptador 130 de la misma, en donde dicho sensor-transmisor 101 comprende: una fuente de alimentación del sensor-transmisor 102; un sensor de adaptador 1 03 y un sensor de diente 104, los cuales monitorean y detectan el desprendimiento del diente 120 y/o adaptador 130; un codificador 1 05, que codifica la información proveniente de los sensores; un módulo transmisor 106; y un receptor-decodificador 1 10, ubicado en la cabina de operación 140, el cual comprende: un módulo receptor 1 14; una fuente de alimentación del receptor 1 1 1 ; un inversor de señal 1 12; y un decodificador 1 13; donde en el sensor-transmisor 101 el codificador 1 05 programa el código a transmitir y envía dicha codificación al modulo transmisor 1 06, el cual luego envía la información al receptor-codificador 1 10; y donde el módulo receptor 1 14 recibe la transmisión de alguno de los transmisores 106 y envía la información al decodificador 1 13, el cual se encarga de procesar dicha información para finalmente emitir una señal de alarma 1 17 al operador de la pala, indicando que algún elemento de la pala se ha desprendido. one . An alarm system to detect the detachment of teeth 120 and / or adapter 130 in blades for backhoes, which is completely independent of the visual environment in which the blade operates, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises: a sensor-transmitter 101, already located either in each tooth 120 and its respective adapter 130 of the blades, or only in the adapter 130 thereof, wherein said sensor-transmitter 101 comprises: a power source of the sensor-transmitter 102; an adapter sensor 1 03 and a tooth sensor 104, which monitor and detect the detachment of tooth 120 and / or adapter 130; an encoder 1 05, which encodes the information coming from the sensors; a transmitter module 106; and a receiver-decoder 1 10, located in the operation cabin 140, which comprises: a receiver module 1 14; a power supply of the receiver 1 1 1; a signal inverter 1 12; and a decoder 1 13; where in the sensor-transmitter 101 the encoder 1 05 programs the code to be transmitted and sends said coding to the transmitter module 1 06, which then sends the information to the receiver-encoder 1 10; and where the receiver module 1 14 receives the transmission of one of the transmitters 106 and sends the information to the decoder 1 13, which is responsible for processing said information to finally issue an alarm signal 1 17 to the blade operator, indicating that Some element of the blade has come off.
2. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la presencia de un codificador en cada sensor-transmisor 101 y un decodificador en el receptor 1 10 permite obtener múltiples canales para una misma frecuencia de transmisión. 2. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the presence of an encoder in each sensor-transmitter 101 and a decoder in the receiver 10 allows to obtain multiple channels for the same transmission frequency.
3. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el sensor de adaptador 103 corresponde a un interruptor magnético ubicado en el módulo transmisor 106 y el sensor de diente 104 corresponde a un interruptor magnético remoto ubicado en el diente 120. 3. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the adapter sensor 103 corresponds to a magnetic switch located in the transmitter module 106 and the tooth sensor 104 corresponds to a remote magnetic switch located in the tooth 120.
4. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el sensor de diente 104 se ubica en el adaptador 130, en el extremo más cercano al diente 120. 4. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the tooth sensor 104 is located in the adapter 130, at the end closest to the tooth 120.
5. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la fuente de alimentación 102 del módulo sensor-transmisor 101 corresponde a una pila, y la fuente de alimentación del receptor 1 1 1 corresponde a un respaldo de batería. 5. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the power supply 102 of the sensor-transmitter module 101 corresponds to a battery, and the power supply of the receiver 1 1 1 corresponds to a battery backup.
6. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la señal de alarma 1 17 emitida para al operador de la pala corresponde a una señal auditiva y visual, que comprende una sirena 141 y una lámpara estroboscópica 142. 6. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the alarm signal 17 17 issued to the blade operator corresponds to an auditory and visual signal, comprising a siren 141 and a strobe lamp 142.
7. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el sensor- transmisor posee dimensiones reducidas, de tal manera que el espacio en donde va ubicado éste es igualmente reducido, y por lo tanto no debilita el diente 120 y/o adaptador 130. 7. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the sensor-transmitter has small dimensions, such that the space where it is located is equally reduced, and therefore does not weaken tooth 120 and / or adapter 130 .
8. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el codificador 105 posee un indicador de activación 1 07. 8. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the encoder 105 has an activation indicator 1 07.
9. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el receptor- codificador 1 10 comprende adiclonalmente una antena 1 15 y está contenido dentro de un gabinete del receptor 1 16. 9. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the receiver-encoder 1 10 additionally comprises an antenna 1 15 and is contained within a receiver cabinet 1 16.
10. El sistema de alarma de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el sensor- transmisor 1 01 posee un sellado hermético que lo aisla del agua y del polvo. 10. The alarm system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the sensor-transmitter 1 01 has an airtight seal that insulates it from water and dust.
PCT/IB2012/050221 2011-02-08 2012-01-17 Alarm system for detecting detachment of teeth and/or adapter in backhoe equipment blades WO2012107848A1 (en)

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