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WO2012016550A2 - Procédé de production de neige de culture et appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de production de neige de culture et appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012016550A2
WO2012016550A2 PCT/CZ2011/000073 CZ2011000073W WO2012016550A2 WO 2012016550 A2 WO2012016550 A2 WO 2012016550A2 CZ 2011000073 W CZ2011000073 W CZ 2011000073W WO 2012016550 A2 WO2012016550 A2 WO 2012016550A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
snow
water
gun
output
impact area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2011/000073
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012016550A3 (fr
Inventor
Adéla VORÁČKOVÁ
Original Assignee
Vorackova Adela
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vorackova Adela filed Critical Vorackova Adela
Priority to SI201131976T priority Critical patent/SI2601462T1/sl
Priority to EP11784408.4A priority patent/EP2601462B1/fr
Priority to PL11784408T priority patent/PL2601462T3/pl
Publication of WO2012016550A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012016550A2/fr
Publication of WO2012016550A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012016550A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/046—Snow making by using low pressure air ventilators, e.g. fan type snow canons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of production of artificial snow and to an apparatus for carrying out this method especially for down-hill or cross-country skiing and for other winter sports.
  • Snow gun Artificial snow is made by spraying water from nozzles of a machine commonly designated as "snow gun". Small drops freeze in ambient air the temperature of which must be under 0°C to allow the small drops to fall on the ground in the form of ice crystals. The ambient temperature influences positively creation of the ice crystals. The colder is the ambient air, the more efficient is the snow gun.
  • the stick snow gun for production of artificial snow: the stick snow gun, called also "shower” according to the principle of its function and its design. Water is sprayed by fine nozzles in the cold ambient air.
  • the second type is a tube type snow gun provided with nozzles and a fan blowing the water drops away from the nozzles in the ambient air. The fan creates a stream of air carrying the drops long enough to cause them to freeze before they fall on the ground. This property allows for the mobility of this type of the snow gun restricted solely by the length of the water conducting pipe and the length of the electrical cable supplying electric energy to the engine of the fan.
  • the nozzles are placed at a stationary stick 6 to 11 m high.
  • the pressure of the water distribution network in the proximity of the snowed area is applied the value of which is from 1 to 9 MPa.
  • the disadvantage of this type of snow guns consists in their stationary placement, its function being dependent on the direction and speed of wind which can blow the produced snow away from the target area. Its advantage lies in the fact that the stick snow gun does not need a supply for electric energy.
  • snow guns provided with a fan and nozzles
  • water is supplied from the water distribution network in the neighborhood of the snowed area the pressure of the connecting points having the value of 0,8 to 5 MPa.
  • the snow gun has a tubular shape with a relatively large diameter (about 50 cm) and inside the tubular body there is placed a fan powered by an electrical motor sucking the air and blowing it out at a high speed. In the mouth there is placed a large number of water nozzles. Water is sprayed into the stream of air made by the fan the stream of air carrying the drops long enough to make them freeze.
  • the disadvantage of this type of snow gun is the need of electric energy for the propulsion of the fan.
  • the advantage of this type of snow gun is its mobility.
  • Document WO01/86216 is an improvement to the basic type of the shower snow gun. It uses a turbine which sucks and compresses ambient air which is subsequently propelled to the output mouth set with nozzles spraying pressured water to the expanding air cooled by the expansion, which allows for the production of artificial snow even when the ambient air temperature is higher than 0°C.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is the need of supply of compressed air as well as the complicated construction and price of such device.
  • Document WO96/09505 describes the principle of production of artificial snow by means of two types of nozzles. External high pressure nozzles create special microclimate rich in crystallizing nuclei to which drops sprayed from internal nozzles freeze. Disadvantage of this solution is that it is not guaranteed that the whole mass of the blown water fog will be mixed sufficiently with crystallizing nuclei. Mixing of drops of water in water fog with crystallizing nuclei is the important principle increasing the efficiency of the snow gun. Its disadvantage may be the complicated construction and price.
  • Document W097/26493 discloses nozzles and the angles of their placement according to the longitudinal axis of the air streaming from the fan described in WO96/09505.
  • WO2009/018319 describes the principle of production of artificial snow when crystallizing nuclei created by means of expansion of a mixture of air and water compressed beforehand in special nozzles are injected in the stream of air. Drops propelled in the stream of the air from common nozzles at the end of the tubular body freeze to these crystallizing nuclei. Special nozzles for creation of crystallizing nuclei are located at the output part of the tubular body of the snow gun in the center of the stream of the air propelled by the fan situated at the input edge of the tubular body of the snow gun.
  • WO2009/125359 uses for production of crystallizing nuclei special nozzles placed at the output edge of the tubular body of the snow gun. These nozzles are set on the same circle of the pipe as the nozzles spraying water in the stream of air propelled by the fan placed at the input part of the snow gun.
  • Document WO95/04906 describes a method of production of artificial snow by means of a snow gun provided with a fan, the snow gun comprising two types of nozzles. At the output edge of the conical body of the snow gun there are nozzles mounted spraying water in the stream of air sucked by the fan placed on the input part of the snow gun, the stream of air being enriched by crystallizing nuclei produced by high pressure nozzles mounted in the center of the body of the snow gun.
  • the disadvantage of the above stated inventions is the complicated construction of the crystallizing nuclei nozzles and the requirements on material from which they are made.
  • Inventions known from the present state of the art solve the difficulty concerning subcooling water during production of artificial snow by producing crystallizing nuclei by means of compressing and subsequent expansion of the air. During the expansion the air is cooled, which enhances the formation of crystallizing nuclei necessary for creation of snowflakes.
  • the object of this invention is to create a method of production of artificial snow and an apparatus for carrying out this method which would eliminate the above cited deficiencies, would impede the creation of ice plates in the vicinity of snow guns and would improve operation of the snow gun under temperatures in the scale from -1°C to -15°C.
  • a method of production of artificial snow and an apparatus for carrying out this method eliminates to a high degree the deficiencies of above described methods and apparatuses for production of artificial snow.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of crystallization of water drops in a different physical way than the inventions cited above.
  • the cited inventions deal with the problem of crystallization by reducing the temperature of the air and/or the water fog in which the crystallization nuclei are created.
  • the supercooled water is taken its heat by a mechanical motion.
  • the invention applies a physical property of water which is its instability in a supercooled state when only a small movement in a given volume of water suffices to induce a spontaneous crystallization.
  • the movement inside the drops of water is ensured by directing all drops leaving the snow gun in one spot in a certain distance from the output mouth of the snow gun where the drops hit each other.
  • the impact provokes movement in the given volume which takes sufficient amount of internal energy and induces the process of spontaneous crystallization.
  • the object of the present invention is the method of production of artificial snow which consists in the fact that at least one impact area is created between the output nose and the landing area. In the impact area individual streams of water and/or drops of water carried in the stream of the air and/or droplets of water fog in a supercooled state are directed. They are guided to hit into one another and/or in a fixed obstacle, which takes away their internal energy keeping them in a liquid state.
  • the internal energy keeps the atoms in a grid far enough to maintain the water liquid.
  • the movement of the liquid in a given volume causes the release of this energy.
  • the temperature of water in a drop is lower than 0°C, the crystallization process is induced releasing the surplus heat, heating the drop of water.
  • the crystallizing heat is taken by the environment and the drop crystallizes properly and lands in the form of a snow flake. This method causes the water drops to crystallize in full volume on their route between the impact area and landing area and to form artificial snow landing on the landing area in fully crystallized state.
  • the stream leaving the output of a tubular snow gun provided with a fan and nozzles is guided in the impact area by means of a routing extension arranged at the output of the snow gun or by means of a routing mouth of the snow gun.
  • the outputs of at least two shower snow guns are oriented in such manner that the streams of water leaving them meet in the impact area. Even this embodiment applies existing apparatuses for production of artificial snow, eliminating the necessity to invest in new types of snow guns.
  • a subject of the present invention is also an apparatus for production of artificial snow applying at least one snow gun with a fan and nozzles the subject matter of which consists in the fact that at least one snow gun comprises a means for creating an impact area for individual streams of water and/or drops of water carried in the stream of air and/or droplets of water fog to hit each other or to hit in a fixed obstacle and the impact area extending between the output of a snow gun and the landing area in the direction of at least 2 m from the output of a snow gun.
  • Artificial snow of high quality is thus produced which can be easily manipulated with, e.g. it can be transported to areas with lesser snow coverage where due to technical reasons snow guns cannot be installed.
  • the quality artificial snow produced by means of the apparatus according to this invention can also be stored in piles on an appropriate location.
  • the means for creating the impact area is formed by a routing extension arranged on the output of a snow gun provided with a fan and nozzles, the routing extension being of a conical shape and in its central area being provided with at least one reflective body to direct the water fog from the center of the output of the snow gun in the direction of the walls of the routing extension.
  • the extension guiding the stream of drops is very easy to construct and it is not demanding on the choice of material.
  • the main advantage of the routing extension is that it is applicable on existing tubular snow guns with a fan.
  • the means for creating the impact area is formed by a routing mouth with at least two guiding slots and with a reflective body for directing the water fog in the directing slots and the routing mouth is arranged on the output of a tubular snow gun provided with a fan and nozzles.
  • the guiding slots can also advantageously be provided with movable flaps to allow for directing individual streams of drops of water carried in the stream of air and/or droplets of water fog in the impact area in variable distance from the routing mouth of the snow gun in dependence on the temperature of the ambient air.
  • the routing mouth can be also applied on existing snow guns.
  • the guiding slots are formed with a possibility to change the angles of the output of the drops of water in the stream of air or water fog from the routing mouth of the snow gun. A greater precision of the trajectory of the water drops thus can be achieved.
  • routing extension or the routing mouth are provided on the walls of the reflective body with guiding grooves to guide the drops in the stream of air or water fog.
  • the precision of their flight trajectory is thus increased to reach the impact area with greater precision, which allows for the reduction in size of the impact area.
  • the drops are thus not dispersed which could cause their failure to hit into each other.
  • the means for creating the impact area is formed by at least one hydrophobic sieve arranged between the output of a tubular snow gun or a shower snow gun and the landing area.
  • the means for creating the impact area is formed by a set of at least two shower snow guns the outputs of which are oriented so that the streams of water or water drops leaving them meet in the impact area.
  • the advantages of the present invention consist in that it significantly improves the efficiency of existing snow guns of all types, quality of artificial snow is also improved without an increase in the costs of its production for owners or operators of winter sports resorts. It it particularly advantageous that ice plates do not occur beneath snow guns and the artificial snow produced according to the present invention is easy to manipulate and easy to store in piles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a snow gun with a fan and nozzles, with a mounted routing extension directing the stream of water fog into the crashing area
  • fig. 2 shows a front view of the routing extension
  • fig. 3 a side view of the routing extension
  • fig. 4 a rear view of the routing extension
  • fig. 5 a rear view at the routing mouth of a tubular snow gun fitted with two guiding slots, equipped with routing flaps
  • fig. 6 a side view of the routing extension
  • fig. 7 a front view of the routing extension
  • fig. 8 a detail of routing flaps, fig.
  • Fig. 1 and fig. 2 show a classical tubular snow gun 1 with a fan 8 situated on the air input 18 side and nozzles 9 mounted in a circle on the inner perimeter of the output mouth. Water supply 19 is brought to the nozzles 9.
  • the routing extension 10 is mounted on the output of the tubular snow gun 1.
  • the routing extension 10 is made of metal sheet or plastic.
  • the routing extension 10 extends the tubular mouth of the snow gun 1, is hollow and is conically narrowed in the direction from the mouth of the snow gun 1.
  • the central part of the routing extension 10 is filled by the reflective body 15 also made from metal sheet or plastic, having the shape of a rotary body, an ellipsoid in this case.
  • the reflective body 15 is fastened to the casing by means of four bracings 20.
  • the stream of water fog 6 or the stream of drops of water in the stream of air has a circular cross section but after hitting the convex surface of the reflective body 15 it assumes the shape of an annulus and is guided between the casing of the routing extension 10 and the surface of the reflective body 15 with guiding grooves 17 to the output of the routing extension 10 from which it also leaves as an annulus but due to the conical shape of the routing extension 10 the diameter of the annulus gradually diminishes resulting in the water fog 6 or drops of water in the stream of air hitting in each other in the impact area 4.
  • the impact area 4 In the impact area 4 the decrease in internal energy of drops of water hitting each other occurs and the crystallization begins, accompanied by the release of heat. Subsequently, the drops of water are further cooled on their trajectory between the impact area 4 and landing area 3 so that they fall fully crystallized as artificial snow 7 of quality on the landing area 3.
  • a hydrophobic sieve 12 can be fixed in front of the snow gun 1 to form a fixed obstacle in the impact area 4 inducing the same effect as when the drops hit each other.
  • Example 2
  • the tubular snow gun 1 described in the first preferred embodiment and depicted in fig. 1 is not provided with the routing extension 10 but with a routing mouth 11 made of metal sheet or plastic and shown in fig. 5 to fig. 8.
  • the routing mouth 11 has a similar function as the routing extension 10, but it does not have a conical but a circular shape on the side that extends to the snow gun 1 with a fan 8 and nozzles 9 and on its output side there are guiding slots 13, 13'.
  • a reflective body 15 to guide the water fog 6 or drops of water in the stream of air in two guiding slots 13, 13' of a rectangular shape, slanted under such angle to cause the outputs of water fog 6 or drops of water in the stream of air leaving the guiding slots 13, 13' meet in the impact area 4 where they hit each other.
  • the process of crystallization of the artificial snow 7 before landing on the landing area 3 is the same as in example 1.
  • the guiding slots 13, 13' are provided by routing flaps 14, 14' pivotally mounted on pivot hinges 22 and provided with set screws 23 by means of which the angular setting of the routing flaps 14 is possible, which regulates the distance of the impact area 4.
  • the distance of the impact area 4 from the output of the snow gun 1 is set in dependence on the temperature of the ambient air.
  • Fig. 9 and fig. 10 show another embodiment of the present invention, where artificial snow 7 is produced by means of two shower snow guns 2, 2', the arms of which are fixed in one carrier pillar 24, which is advantageous due to common water supply.
  • the heads with nozzles of the snow guns 2, 2' are oriented so that the streams of water 5, 5', drops of water respectively, meet in the impact area 4 situated above the landing area 3.
  • the impact area the internal energy of drops of water hitting each other is reduced, and the process of crystallization begins followed by the release of heat. Subsequently, the drops of water are cooled on their trajectory from the impact area 4 to the landing area 3 and they land in the form of quality artificial snow 7 with required properties.
  • a hydrophobic sieve 12 forms the fixed obstacle fixed in front of the output of the shower snow gun 2.
  • the hydrophobic sieve 12 can be fixed in a similar way in front of the tubular snow gun 1 as we described in example 1.
  • the hydrophobic sieve 12 is preferably made from plastic or from metal provided with a surface treatment. It is fixed to the shower snow gun 2 by means of a bearing structure 25 with an upper sleeve 26 and a button sleeve 26' in a position between the head with nozzles of the shower snow gun 2 and the landing area 3.
  • the internal energy of individual drops of water is not reduced by the impact caused by the drops of water hitting each other but first due to the impact of the drops of water on the fixed obstacle, the hydrophobic sieve 12 in this embodiment of the invention.
  • the process of crystallization is similar as in the previous embodiments of the invention, i.e. after the internal energy is reduced due to the movement of water in the volume of the given drop, the crystallization process begins by the release of heat.
  • the drops are further cooled on their trajectory from the impact area 4 to the landing area 3 and land in the form of artificial snow, crystallized in their whole volume.
  • the fixed obstacle is not limited only to the hydrophobic sieve 12 and can be formed by other devices.
  • Method of production of artificial snow and apparatus for carrying out this method according to this present invention can be applied for production of artificial snow in winter sports resorts for skiing, snowboarding, tobogganing etc. and anywhere where the need is to create artificial snow the properties of which would be similar to natural snow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention traite du problème de production de la neige de culture (7) au moyen de canons à neige (1, 2, 2'), lorsque les jets d'eau (5, 5') ou les gouttes d'eau dans un jet d'eau ou dans de l'eau pulvérisée (6) sortant de la bouche du canon à neige (1, 2, 2') pour atterrir sur une zone de réception au sol (3) se cristallisent sous la forme d'un grand morceau de glace, résultant en la création de dangereuses plaques de glace à proximité des canons à neige (1, 2, 2'), ou lorsqu'ils ne peuvent pas se cristalliser et s'écouler. L'invention a pour objet la création d'au moins une zone d'impact (4) à au moins 2 m de distance de la bouche du canon à neige (1, 2, 2') entre la bouche d'au moins un canon à neige (1, 2, 2') et la zone de réception au sol (3). Les jets d'eau individuels (5, 5') ou les gouttes d'eau emportées dans un flux d'air et/ou les gouttelettes d'eau pulvérisée (6) sont dirigés vers la zone d'impact (4) de telle sorte qu'ils se heurtent et/ou heurtent un obstacle fixe afin de réduire leur énergie interne et que, par la suite, sur le chemin entre la zone d'impact (4) et la zone de réception au sol (3), ils cristallisent tout leur volume et forment de la neige de culture (7) qui tombe sur la zone de réception au sol (3) dans un état complètement cristallisé. La neige de culture (7) produite selon ce procédé ne forme pas de plaques de glace, est facile à manipuler et peut être stockée en tas lorsqu'elle est conservée dans un état mou. L'appareil permettant la production de neige de culture (7) peut être formé par un canon à neige de forme tubulaire (1) ayant un ventilateur (8) et des buses (9) comprenant une extension d'acheminement (10) ou une bouche d'acheminement (11) pour diriger la sortie vers la zone d'impact (4). L'appareil permettant la production de neige de culture (7) peut également être formé par un canon à neige de forme tubulaire (1) ou d'un canon à neige par pulvérisation (2, 2') pourvu d'un tamis hydrophobe (12). La zone d'impact (4) peut également être créée en dirigeant les jets d'eau (5, 5') provenant de deux canons à neige par pulvérisation (2, 2') les uns contre les autres.
PCT/CZ2011/000073 2010-08-02 2011-07-28 Procédé de production de neige de culture et appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé WO2012016550A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201131976T SI2601462T1 (sl) 2010-08-02 2011-07-28 Postopek za izdelavo umetnega snega in naprava za izvedbo tega postopka
EP11784408.4A EP2601462B1 (fr) 2010-08-02 2011-07-28 Procédé de production de neige de culture et appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé
PL11784408T PL2601462T3 (pl) 2010-08-02 2011-07-28 Sposób wytwarzania sztucznego śniegu i urządzenie do prowadzenia tego sposobu

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZPV2010-594 2010-08-02
CZ2010-594A CZ304511B6 (cs) 2010-08-02 2010-08-02 Způsob výroby technického sněhu a zařízení k provádění tohoto způsobu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012016550A2 true WO2012016550A2 (fr) 2012-02-09
WO2012016550A3 WO2012016550A3 (fr) 2013-03-07

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PCT/CZ2011/000073 WO2012016550A2 (fr) 2010-08-02 2011-07-28 Procédé de production de neige de culture et appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2601462B1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ304511B6 (fr)
PL (1) PL2601462T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2601462T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012016550A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3040657A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-07-06 Robert Krajnc Dispositif pour la production de neige artificielle

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CN106930255B (zh) * 2017-03-06 2019-05-03 新昌县知行智能科技有限公司 一种空气吹融连续破冰机构

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WO1995004906A1 (fr) 1993-08-05 1995-02-16 Holimont Inc. Machine et procede utilises pour fabriquer de la neige artificielle
WO1996009505A1 (fr) 1994-09-21 1996-03-28 Lenko L Nilsson Procede et appareil de production artificielle de neige
WO1997026493A1 (fr) 1996-01-15 1997-07-24 Lenko, L., Nilsson Procede et appareil de fabrication de neige artificielle
WO2008075689A1 (fr) 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Iceman Co., Ltd. Appareil et procédé permettant d'accélérer la formation de neige
WO2009018319A1 (fr) 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Johnson Controls Technology Company Appareil de fabrication de neige
WO2009125359A1 (fr) 2008-04-09 2009-10-15 Weisser Wolf S.R.L. Couronne de pulvérisation pour générateur de neige artificielle et générateur de neige artificielle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3040657A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-07-06 Robert Krajnc Dispositif pour la production de neige artificielle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2601462A2 (fr) 2013-06-12
CZ2010594A3 (cs) 2012-02-15
EP2601462B1 (fr) 2021-02-24
WO2012016550A3 (fr) 2013-03-07
PL2601462T3 (pl) 2021-08-02
CZ304511B6 (cs) 2014-06-11
SI2601462T1 (sl) 2021-08-31

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