WO2011116437A1

WO2011116437A1 - Lattice girder

Info

Publication number: WO2011116437A1
Application number: PCT/BR2010/000084
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carlos Alberto De Almeida Borges
Original assignee: Carlos Alberto De Almeida Borges
Priority date: 2009-03-23
Filing date: 2010-03-23
Publication date: 2011-09-29
Also published as: BRPI0902183A2; AR075930A1; BRPI0902183B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an arrangement of lattice girders, obtained by producing in the joists two or more pairs of (parallel) holes (14) for each half knot, suitably spaced apart (d1, d2), arranging diagonal struts (12) according to a predetermined distance between the joists, and providing a single hole, or a pair of aligned holes, for attachment to the joists (11), at each of the ends thereof. The lattice is formed by two or more parallel diagonal struts (12) having the same angular orientation, intercalated with two or more diagonal struts with an opposite angular orientation, at a given pitch (P) defined for the beam (from the original pitch predefined for the joist). As a result, an easier assembly process is obtained, since the standardised parts make the beams easier and faster to assemble and mount.

Description

TRAINED BEAM

Summary of the Invention

The present invention relates to a main truss beam configuration, and additional configurations in alternative truss beam embodiments.

Background of the Invention

The present invention relates to the difficulties inherent in the lattice beam production process, depending on the prior knowledge of the spans and load requests to which the beams will be subjected.

The present invention also relates to the difficulties inherent in installing and assembling lattice beams.

In the current technique, lattice beams have to be produced according to the desired and previously determined span and load, making it impossible to store prefabricated material and determining higher cost and time of beam preparation.

Although typically lighter than massive structures, lattice beams are often neglected because of the slow and expensive process of custom production, and projects of greater detail and complexity often have a greater potential for problems. during execution.

Truss beams are therefore effectively used only in specific situations where there is no doubt about their benefits compared to solid beams.

The present invention provides a novel and inventive solution to the limitations in the state of the art as it contemplates a new lattice beam connection configuration and fabrication process which allows for the easy industrialization, storage and assembly of component parts. in different configurations and shapes, without limitations of height and spans and loads, making their use more attractive, allowing substantial reduction of costs and lead times, ensuring the conformity of the finished beam with the design, and allowing the easy replacement of parts and beam parts more easily, faster and at lower costs.

In addition, the parts that make up the beam resulting from the present invention have the same structural integrity and load capacity currently verified for existing lattice beams, with the obvious advantage of being produced in series and stored prior to their use without defined design for the application of the beams. same.

Description of the Figures The present invention is illustrated by Figures 2 to 9 in which: Figure 1 and 1A represent prior art representations; Figures 2, 2A, 2B, 3 and 3A comprise representations of one embodiment of the present invention; Figures 4, 4A, 4B, 5, 5A and 5B comprise representations of a second embodiment of the present invention comprising a "Z"flange; Figures 6, 6A and 6B comprise representations of the "Z"banzo; Figure 7 comprises a representation of one embodiment of the present invention; Figures 8 and 8A comprise a representation of another embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 9 represents another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description of the Figures

Figures 1 and 1A represent prior art representations showing a banzo (10 and diagonals (2), and the detail technique is shown in detail IA, comprising fixing the diagonals through two angularly arranged holes (β) in the banzo, referred to in Figure 1. further showing step (P) between the nodes: Figures 2, 2A, 2B, 3 and 3A comprise representations of one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 illustrates the use of two diagonals in parallel with horizontally fixed holes. in relation to the flange, showing step (P), Figure 2A details the sets of diagonals (12) fixed knots to the flange (ll), at fixing points or holes (14); and Figure 2B details section xx, showing the fastening elements in relation to the flanges (11) and diagonals (12);

Figures 3 and 3A (detail) represent schematically the advantages of the present invention over the possibility of different heights and spans using the same drilling arrangements and distance between holes in the flange.

Figures 4, 4Ά, 4B, 5, 5A and 5B comprise representations of a second embodiment of the present invention comprising a "Z" banzo, while Figures 4, 4A, 4B show a first embodiment of the "Z" banzo. ; and Figures 5, 5A and 5B show a second embodiment of the "Z" flange. Figures 4, 4A, 4B show a metal structure with upper and lower flanges (21) and diagonals (26) with fixing holes (25), said flange having upper (22) and lower flaps (23), and an intermediate body. (24), as shown in Figure 4A, and in Figure 4B, the fixing of the flange (21) and diagonals (26) by means of fastening element (25A) is shown.

Figures 5, 5A and 5B show a second embodiment of the "Z" flange, in a metal frame with upper and lower flanges (31) and diagonals (36) with fixing holes (35), said flange having upper flaps (32). ) and lower part (33), and a two-part partitioned body (34 and 34a) and as shown in Figure 5A, the figure showing the fixing of the flange (31) and diagonals (36) by means of a fastener (35A) ). Figures 6, 6A and 6B comprise flange representations in ^{ΛΛ Ζ} ", indicating Figure 6 the possibility, once rotated and inverted to be said flange engagable in itself, thus enabling its storage and further use enhanced, e.g. extension, connecting or structural reinforcement element (Figures 6A and 6B);

Figure 7 comprises a representation of one embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 8 and 8A comprise a representation of another embodiment of the present invention, with diagonally fastening holes in the flange arranged vertically with respect to said flange, Figure 8 further comprising applying an additional structural element between the diagonals; and

Figure 9 represents another embodiment of the present invention, with diagonally fixed holes in the flange arranged vertically with respect to said flange, with only two holes per knot.

Detailed Description of the Invention The traditional lattice beams are basically made up of two main parts: the flanges (1), long length longitudinal pieces, and the diagonals (2), shortest transverse pieces, usually positioned between two flanges, with their ends each attached to each other. a flange by conventional bolts and nuts, and may further comprise one or more plumbs vertically positioned between the flanges.

The constructive shape of the beams is determined by the length of the diagonals (2) and pitch (P - distance between nodes or connection points between the flange and diagonal) required to obtain the desired span, height and load capacity.

In conventional process, the detailing or determination of holes in the flanges and size of the diagonals can only be started after determination of the requests, the loads and spans to which the beam will be submitted, and the beam height allowed by the project.

Detailing therefore consists of defining the sections of the pieces, flanges and diagonals, the pitch (or distance) between the nodes and the shape of the joints, which in turn define the diagonal length and the height of the beam.

As already mentioned, conventional lattice beams are manufactured on demand according to the requirements determined for spans and designed loads, It is impossible to prefabricate and store the main parts that compose them because the specifications for spans and loads determine the holes in the flanges, the fulfillment of the diagonals and, especially, the angle (β) of the diagonals (2) in relation to the banzos (1).

Where stress is required to be transferred to the connecting elements by means of two or more fixing holes, in a line and longitudinally diagonally (2), an angle (β) shall be defined in relation to the flange (1). and, for a beam height, the step (P) for arranging said fixing holes.

The most evident advantages of the present invention over the prior art are: a) pre-drilling the flanges with two or more (parallel) tandem holes (14) for each half-knot, conveniently spaced apart (dl, d2), enables a wide angle range for the diagonals for a desired step (P); b) the production of diagonals (12) according to a predetermined distance between the flanges, with only one hole, or pair of spindle holes, to be fastened to the flanges (11) at each end; c) mounting the truss with two or more diagonals (12) parallel at the same angle interspersed with two or more diagonals at opposite angles in a given step (P) defined for the beam (from the original predefined step for the banzo) define a height, making it possible to meet a wide range of spans and load with the same configuration of beams (ll), varying only the length and, therefore, the angulation of the diagonals to define the height; d) the immediate availability of more complex parts, such as flanges (ll), and the supply of less complex parts, the diagonal (12), in definite demand, or almost immediate in demand demand, allows a supply of structural elements in much shorter term; and e) the simpler assembly process and standardized parts allow the composition and installation of beams in a shorter time and with much less complexity.

Due to the configuration represented by the present invention, the largest and most laborious main part, namely the banzo (11), can be prefabricated and consequently stored for later use; and the diagonals (12), simpler and quicker and easier to produce, can also be prefabricated and stocked, with only one spindle (14) at each end, and in varying lengths.

The present invention comprises lattice beams which can be constructed in different ways, the configuration following the preferred mode, not restrictive of the concept claimed for protection.

In the configuration of the present invention, to meet the efforts to be transferred by the diagonals to the flanges, two diagonals (12) are used in parallel in each section of the beam, each capable of meeting half of the intended request, fixed to the flange by one. bolt at each end, allowing height to be variable, making the truss competent to meet different demands.

This configuration allows for standardization of production, facilitates administration and maintenance of stocks for prompt delivery, reducing to almost zero the normal lead time of such a supply. In the embodiment of the present invention, a banzo (11) may be manufactured and stored for use with any truss height, which height will be defined by the need of the verified demand.

Flanges (11) and diagonals (12) can be calculated taking into account material thickness constraints, maximizing the capacity of the joints and intervening parts with one axis.

The present invention therefore provides a beam comprising a longitudinal main part, or flange (21, 31), with characteristic "Z" profile as Figures 4 to 5B, comprising holes (25, 35) spaced apart and located at specific points called nodes, such specific points comprising at least four holes, two holes for each pair of diagonals (26, 36), such diagonals (26 36) being attached to the flange (21, 31) by fasteners (25A, 35A), most commonly axle fastening screws, at their ends, the diagonal (26, 36) in double being angled according to specifications from the project. Said "Z" piece, as shown in Figures 4 to 5B, comprises a profiled steel plate (21, 31) with two upper (22, 32) and lower (23, 33) tabs disposed on the vertical ends of the flange, further comprising an intermediate surface or body (2, 34) between the two flaps, said surface comprising four or more fixing holes (25, 35) of the diagonals (26, 36), said holes being disposed in the central, upper and / or lower part of the intermediate body. In the second embodiment illustrated by Figures 5 to

6B, said "Z" piece comprises a two-flap upper (32) and lower (33) profiled steel plate disposed at the vertical ends of the banzo (31), further comprising an upper section (34a) , an intermediate section (34b) and a lower section (34c) between the two flaps, the upper section (34a) being between the upper flap (32) and the intermediate section (34b) and the lower section (34c) being between the lower flap (33) and the intermediate section (34b). In this configuration, the intermediate section (34b) comprised between the upper (34a) and lower (34c) sections has characteristic angulation with respect to both upper and lower sections, said angulation being sufficient to impart greater strength to the assembly, and giving greater structural resistance to the part. Further, said upper (34a) and lower (34c) surfaces comprise four or more diagonal fixing holes (35).

The truss beam resulting from the present invention comprises two parallel flanges (11, 21, 31) connected by diagonals (12, 22, 32), said diagonals being fixed to the flanges by fastening elements (14, 25A, 35A), in their ends. The fixing holes (14, 25, 35) of the diagonals of the present invention are arranged side by side and sufficiently spaced to allow the angulation of the diagonals.

In an alternative embodiment, each set of fixing holes of each node comprises an additional hole, centrally positioned between the other holes, for fixing an additional structural element vertically arranged and fixed by a fixing element to the flanges in their ends.

At this point it should be noted that the part of ^V profile Z "or flange (31) may constitute a structural reinforcement element (Fig. 6B) or amendment (Fig. 6A) in the node section. As a reinforcing element, The section of said flange (31), containing all or part of the holes (35), is superimposed on an existing flange (31) and bolted to it together with the diagonals (36), thereby constituting a reinforcement element of the knot. In the splice embodiment, two flanges (31) may be interconnected in their holes (35) or knots and fixed by overlapping a section of said flange (31), containing all or part of the holes.

The possibility of using the overlapping banzo is due to the fact that said banzo (21, 31) has characteristic geometry that allows its conformation, overlapping and after rotation, to another banzo, as illustrated in Fig. 6.

In addition, the present invention provides, alternatively, for the arrangement of holes in the flange vertically, as illustrated by Figures 8, 8A and 9, and one of these alternative embodiments the fixing hole of the diagonals is shared by two opposite diagonals. , as illustrated by Figure 9, such a configuration being in accordance with the scope of the present invention in banzo / diagonal ratio.

In addition, the present invention provides a process for the fabrication of lattice beam structures comprising, in their basic configuration: a) the manufacture of profiled beams with determined longitudinal spacing and spacing therebetween; b) determining the distance between the flanges and the angle required for the diagonals; c) the manufacture of diagonals in specific size and thickness; d) the fixing of at least two diagonals, in parallel and at predetermined angulation, in one of the beam sections and between the flanges, by the use of fastening elements; ee) the fixing, in the beam section adjacent to the first diagonal fixing section, of at least two diagonals between the flanges, in parallel and at a predetermined angle and opposite to the angle of the immediately preceding section, by truss effect, by means of the use of fasteners; and f) repeating the previous steps d) and e), as often as necessary for the conformation of the desired lattice beam.

In the present invention, depending on the load and span determined for the beam, only one diagonal per section of the truss beam can be fixed. The present invention is characterized in that it permits the anticipated production of the main profile (flanges) for storage and immediate delivery since the profile is perforated such that transverse elements (diagonals, or plumbs, etc.) can be connected. lengths, forming trusses and the like with different heights and load capacities, suitable for different spans and loads, regardless of the gap determination and the requests to be applied.

The present invention is further characterized by the manner in which each transverse element which is joined to the longitudinal elements, each connected by one or a pair of screws (or the like), constituting axes in number of transverse elements compatible with each other. structural demands of the desired transverse beam.

The above explanation, however broad, does not exclude other modalities that may eventually derive from the present invention, either by a differentiating constructive model or by new features, contemplated as a result of the practical development of the The present invention is therefore not limited to the topics described above.

Claims

- CLAIMS -

1. A truss beam, of a type comprising an upper and lower flange (11, 21, 31) and two sets of diagonals (12, 22, 32), the diagonals (12, 22, 32) of a set being arranged according to one another. same angularly lagged direction of the direction of the diagonals of the other set, said diagonals (12, 22, 32) having their upper and lower extremities respectively fixed in regions of nodes (N) of the flanges, said beam being characterized by the fact that each of the upper and lower flanges (11, 21, 31) be provided with at least one longitudinal alignment of transverse holes (14, 25, 35) separated for each set of diagonals (12, 22, 32) by at least one predetermined distance (dl, d2), each diagonal (12, 22, 32) comprising at each of its upper and lower ends a single through hole to be aligned with a transverse hole (14, 25, 35 ) of the upper and lower flanges (11, 21, 31), respectively, each set of transverse and through holes s, aligned with each other, receiving and retaining a securing pin (25A, 35A).

Lattice beam according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the sets of diagonals (12, 22, 32) comprises at least two parallel diagonals, closely adjacent to one another and disposed between adjacent diagonals of the other joint. of diagonals, and having their upper and lower ends fixed on the same node (N) of the upper and lower flanges (11, 21, 31), respectively.

Truss beam according to claim 2, characterized in that the transverse holes provided in each node (N) of each of the upper and lower flanges are spaced apart by a predetermined distance (dl, d2) to allow fixation of diagonals of different lengths in the upper and lower flanges of lattice beams with different heights.

Lattice beam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each upper and lower flange comprises a symmetrical profile (21, 31) in approximate "Z" shape with two upper flaps (22). , 32) and lower (23, 33), of the same size, and an intermediate section (24, 34) orthogonally arranged to the flaps, parallel and spaced apart, each being incorporated at one end of the middle section end, said profile comprising transverse holes of the nodes (N) of the upper and lower flanges provided in the intermediate section.

Lattice beam according to claim 4, characterized in that the symmetrical profile (21, 31) in approximate "Z" shape further comprises a small central portion (34b) disposed in the section. intermediate (34).

Truss beam according to Claim 5, characterized in that the transverse holes (25, 35) of the nodes (N) of each flange are provided in at least one of the upper (34a) and lower ( 34c) of the intermediate section (34) of the respective profile (21, 31).

Truss beam according to claim 4, characterized in that one or more regions of the Profile nodes (N) of one or both upper and lower flanges are reinforced by a profile extension (31A)). having their end flaps and their intermediate section seated respectively on the end flaps and laterally against the middle section of the profile node (N) region, with at least one of the portions (34a, 34b) of the profile extension provided with the same transverse holes provided in each node (N) of each of the upper and lower flanges for receiving and retaining the respective securing pins (50).

Lattice beam according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that each profile flap incorporates at its free end a small flap facing towards the plane of the other flap but sloping outwards.

Lattice beam according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that each of the of the upper and lower flanges comprise two "Z" shaped profiles, arranged side by side, with the tabs defining the respective extreme longitudinal edge of the lattice beam, arranged coplanarly and facing each other, the holes being transverse at each node (N) practiced in the innermost intermediate section portions (24, 34) of each pair of profiles, between which the upper and lower extremities of the diagonals (26, 36) are sandwiched.

Truss beam according to claim

9, characterized in that each diagonal comprises a "C" shaped profile, with its side flaps seated against the innermost mid-section portions of the two forming profiles of each of the upper and lower flanges.

11. TRAINED BEAM, of a type comprising an upper and lower flange (11, 21, 31) and two sets of diagonals (12, 22, 32), the diagonals (12, 22, 32) of a set being arranged according to one another. same angularly lagged direction of the direction of the diagonals of the other set, said diagonals (12, 22, 32) having their upper and lower extremities respectively fixed in regions of nodes (N) of the flanges, said beam being characterized by the fact that each of the flanges (11, 21, 31) upper and lower be provided with at least one vertical alignment of holes transverse sections separated for each set of diagonals by at least a predetermined distance, each diagonal comprising at each of its upper and lower ends a single through hole to be aligned with a transverse hole of the upper flanges and lower, respectively, each set of transverse and through holes aligned with each other, receiving and retaining a securing pin (25A, 35A).

Lattice beam according to Claim 11, characterized in that each of the sets of diagonals comprises at least two parallel diagonals, closely adjacent to one another and disposed between adjacent diagonals of the other set of diagonals, and having their upper ends. and lower fixed to the same node (N) of the upper and lower flanges, respectively.

Truss beam according to claim 12, characterized in that the transverse holes provided in each node (N) of each of the upper and lower flanges are spaced apart by a predetermined distance (dl, d2) to allow fixation of diagonals of different lengths in the upper and lower flanges of lattice beams with different heights.

14. A truss beam of a kind comprising an upper and lower flange (11, 21, 31) and two sets of diagonals (12, 22, 32), the diagonals (12, 22, 32) being arranged in an angularly offset direction relative to each other, said diagonals (12, 22, 32) having their upper and lower extremities respectively fixed in regions of nodes (N) of the flanges, said beam being characterized by the fact that each of the upper and lower flanges (11, 21, 31) is provided with at least one transverse hole for each set of diagonally angularly offset from each other. each diagonal comprises at each of its upper and lower ends a single through hole to be aligned with a transverse hole in the upper and lower flanges respectively, the diagonals being overlapped and fixed through the transverse and through holes aligned with each other, receiving and holding a retaining pin (25A, 35A).

Lattice beam according to claim 14, characterized in that the transverse holes provided in each knot (N) of each upper and lower flange are spaced apart by a predetermined distance (d2) to allow the fixing of diagonals of different lengths in the upper and lower flanges of lattice beams with different heights.