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WO2011087365A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'images en relief et images fabriquées par ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'images en relief et images fabriquées par ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011087365A1
WO2011087365A1 PCT/NL2011/050026 NL2011050026W WO2011087365A1 WO 2011087365 A1 WO2011087365 A1 WO 2011087365A1 NL 2011050026 W NL2011050026 W NL 2011050026W WO 2011087365 A1 WO2011087365 A1 WO 2011087365A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
print
quadrangles
image
photo
photos
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2011/050026
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Louis Henri Kilsdonk
Original Assignee
Silver Globe Holding B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Silver Globe Holding B.V. filed Critical Silver Globe Holding B.V.
Publication of WO2011087365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011087365A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing pictures with depth.
  • the invention also relates to pictures produced with such a method.
  • Another known technology for producing stereoscopic pictures is based on the way in which the human eye sees depth.
  • the human eye sees depth because the left eye and the right eye observe an object from a slightly different angle. These two images of the same object are observed by the brain as an image with depth.
  • a common technique for reproduction of pictures with depth from an object starts from two pictures of the object, each picture taken from a slightly different position, wherein the difference in position corresponds to the difference of the positions of a left and right eye of a human being.
  • the left eye can only see the picture for the left eye and the right eye can only see the picture for the right eye. Because these pictures originally have been taken from the mutual positions that correspond with the mutual positions of the left and the right eye, the image generated in this way gives the same experience of depth as if the original image would have been observed.
  • Another way of separating the two images for respectively the left eye and the right eye can take place by providing the pictures with different polarizing filters and then, when the pictures are being observed with a looking glass with differently polarized glasses, the left eye can only see the picture that is meant for the left eye and the right eye can only see the picture that is meant for the right eye, through which again the image is experienced as an image with depth. In both cases however, the observer can only observe the image if he uses a special glass or special tools, which is clearly a limitation.
  • Another known way of generating pictures with depth that is based on the way the human eye sees depth, as has been described above, consists of gluing small strips of the picture for the left eye next to strips for the right eye and placing a grid in front of these small strips.
  • This grid is opaque with above each strip a transparent gap, in such a way that this grid largely cover the picture strips lying below, but wherein from each of the strips one is visible through a gap, so that when the picture is observed at the right distance, the left eye only sees strips of the photo that be- longs to the position of the left eye and the right eye only sees strips of the photo that belongs to the position of the right eye, so that also here the picture is experienced as a picture with depth.
  • a disadvantage of the last method is that with the present state of the art of printing it is very difficult to avoid that the strips of the picture that belong to the left eye are not overlapping with strips of the picture that belong to the right eye.
  • a solution for this disadvantage would be to increase the resolution of the printing device in such a way,, that such an overlap will not occur, or only at such a limited scale, that this no longer visible for the human eye. With printing techniques the maximum sight resolution of the human eye of 300 dots/inch (dpi) is assumed.
  • step c) of claim 1 Dividing up of the area of the image to be depicted in a predetermined number of equal first quadrangles, according to step c) of claim 1, takes place through simple arithmetic operations. Through this the position of each rectangle is exactly known, and so in principle with unlimited accuracy. Because the pixel representation of each photo is mapped by projection on the series of second rectangles that belong to this picture, wherein pixels and parts of pixels that fall outside the respective rectangles are being eliminated, this, in principle unlimited accuracy of the limits of each rectangle is maintained. Through this, undesired overlaps can be avoided in a reliable way and a printing unit with an excep- tionally high resolution is not necessary.
  • the method can be executed in a very simple way when the third and fourth quadrangles are rectangles.
  • the third quadrangles of the grid are opaque for light or only very little transparent, the amount of light that can fall on the picture of the first print, is limited. To remedy this it is possible to lead light from an extra light source to the picture on the first print. This illumination can take place from the side, but with a certain amount of transparency of the pictures, can also take place from the back side.
  • the third quadrangles comprise identical areas in regular distances, that are being left transparent during step h)
  • deviations are being created in regular distances, that because of their regularity will not be observed by the human eye, but admit more light to the print of the image and will therefore increase visibility.
  • the illumination for the print of the image can also be increased, when the third quadrangles at the side, that after assembly according to step i) is facing the first print, are reflective. Light that otherwise would have been absorbed by the back side is then reflected to the first print of the image, through which its illumination and by that its visibility is being increased.
  • This reflection screen may comprise reflective parts that are compliant with, or are equal to the covering quadrangles ⁇ third quadrangles) of the grid, but can also have a slightly smaller width. With a slightly smaller width the strictness of being in register is less stringent while it still produces an increased illumination.
  • the picture is placed in part on the visible sight of the third quadrangles, being the opaque part of the grid.
  • the seg ⁇ ments on the grid serve the purpose that the picture remains visible, albeit not with depth.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the principle of a picture with depth using a grid
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an area of an image to be depicted divided up in first and second rec- tangles;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the picture of the image to be depicted from the position of the right eye of an observer
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a picture of the image to be depicted from the position of the left eye of the observer of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation similar to Fig.
  • Fig. 6a-f are schematic representations of opaque quadrangles
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a picture according to the invention with a reflection screen
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a picture according to the invention with photo segments on the grid.
  • Fig. 1 schematically the principle is shown of a picture with depth from an object that in itself is not further specified. From this object two photographs have been made from two different positions that approximately correspond to the positions of a left eye and a right eye of a person. From each of. these pictures small vertical consecutive strips are being cut in a regular distance and these strips are glued in sequence next to each other on a substrate, wherein always the strip of the picture that corresponds to the position of the right eye is glued on the left side of the strip of the picture that corresponds to the position of the left eye. In this way a photo is created of substantially the same format as each of the two original photos, wherein the original photos each are represented for approximately 50% in alternating strips. In Fig. 1 this composite photo is indicated with 1. In Fig.
  • Grid 2 is divided in strips 3 that are opaque and gaps 4 that are transparent for light.
  • the strips 3 that are opaque need to be largely non reflective at the side that is facing the observer, because if they would be, these reflections will draw to much of the attention of the observer and will take away the attention of the depth effect. It will be clear that relative phenomena are concerned here.
  • the gaps 4 are placed in .front of corresponding strips. Thus there are as many gaps as there are strips per photo. So under each gap of the grid from each photo of the photo series there is one strip.
  • Strips belonging to a gap of the grid are connected, but this need not to be the case with strips belonging to successive gaps of the grid. However, in practice this is likely to be the case so that the distance between two consecutive gaps of the grid can be kept as small as possible, what is good for as well the illumination as the resolution.
  • the observer with his left eye only sees the image of the photo that corresponds tot the position of the left eye and the right eye sees the image of the photo that corresponds to the position of the right eye the observer sees the object as if he sees the object in reality, so with depth.
  • the widths of for example the strips 3 and the gaps 4 in dependency of the resolution of the printing unit. For instance with a grid of 40 gaps per inch and for each gap a subdivision of 10 photo strips the picture will only be done justice when both print 1 as print 2 are being printed with a printing unit with a resolution of 400 dpi, 800 dpi or 1200 dpi etc.
  • length and width of the picture are the same as the length and width of the photos. This need not necessarily be the case of course.
  • the invention does not change if there is a certain relation between the length and the width of the picture and the length and the width of the photos.
  • the pixel representation of a photo is mapped on the corresponding rectangles by projecting the pixel representations on these rectangles. This projection can take place with an scaling factor such that the picture gets the desired format.
  • Fig. 2 shows a representation of the area of the picture to be obtained divided in a pre determined first number of equal first rectangles, wherein each rectangle extends over the full height of the image to be depicted. Only the first two of these first rectangles a, b have been shown in Fig. 2. Subsequently each first rectangle is being divided in a second number of second rectangles, wherein each second rectangle extend the full height of the image to be depicted. This second number is equal to the number of photos in step a) and each second rectangle is being assigned in a pre determined way to a photo, so that to each photo in each first rectangle belongs a second rectangle.
  • the pixel representation of each photo is being mapped on the set of second rectangles belonging to this photo by projection of the pixel representation on these second rectangles, wherein pixels and parts of pixels that fall outside the respective rectangles are being removed. From pixels of which the parts extending outside the rectangles have been removed, the pixel value, that represent a colour or a shade of gray, is being maintained for the remaining part. In such a way the sharply delimited colour or shade of gray is being obtained for each of the rectangles, when therein is no overlap between the rectangles.
  • the determination of the boundaries of the rectangles is a purely mathematical affair and can be determined by calculation with in principle unlimited accuracy. Projection on the rectangles and the "cutting" along the boundaries also is a mathematical operation and can also take place with unlimited accuracy.
  • Fig. 3 is a representation . of the photo that corresponds to the position of the right eye and Fig. 4 is a representation of the photo that corresponds to the position of the left eye.
  • the rectangles Rl and R2 have been indicated that are being projected on the surface of Fig. 1 as is being indicated there.
  • the print of the grid is now obtained.
  • This print is being made on a transparent substrate.
  • opaque quadrangles that are non or hardly reflecting are being printed on the side that is facing the observer, and each of the quadrangles extends the full height of the picture, so that between these quadrangles transparent gaps are being obtained.
  • the eyes of the observer observe the strips of the two photos that lie behind the gaps, in such a way that the left eye of the observer observes the strips that originate of the picture of which the position corresponds with the position of the left eye and the right eye of the observer observes the strips that originate from the photo the posi- tion of which corresponds to the position of the right eye.
  • the opaque quadrangles are rectangles .
  • the gaps in between will then also be rectangular in form.
  • Fig. 5 shows a part of Fig. 1.
  • a first print 1 with two photo strips Rl, LI, one of each photo, and a second print 2 with a transparent gap.4 are shown.
  • Print 1 and print 2 are parallel to each other and spaced apart at a distance v.
  • distance b of print 2 there is an observer whose left eye 6L and the right eye 6R have been represented.
  • the width of gap 4 is dimensioned in such a way that for the left eye 6L through gap 4 only the strip LI, belonging to the photo that corresponds to the position of the left eye, and for the right eye 6R through gap 4 only the strip Rl, belong- ing to the photo that corresponds to the position of the right eye, is visible.
  • the contours of the opaque quadrangles are not accurate, the contours can at the print exhibit an irregular jump as a consequence of the limited resolution of the printing device.
  • a jump occurs in an irregular pattern in the contour of a gap, then the attention of an observer is drawn to this jumping gap and is destructed from the photos lying behind, so that the effect of depth is destroyed. It is therefore of importance that these gaps do not show irregularities.
  • this problem can be solved by making the opaque quadrangles not rectangular, but in a form of trapeziums or diamonds of which the angles of the corners differ slightly from 90°.
  • FIG. 6a An example of a trapezium shaped quadrangle 3 is schematically shown in Fig. 6a. At both sides a regular jump occurs of the printed line. Through this regularity an observer will not notice this and consequently his attention remains focussed to the picture behind the gaps of the grid, through which the depth effect remains.
  • the opaque part of the grid limits the amount of light that reaches the eye of the observer from the photos. It is possible to enhance the amount of light through making openings in the opaque part at regular distances.
  • FIG. 6b and 6c two different embodiments of these openings 30, 31 have been shown.
  • Fig. 6b it concerns rectangular recesses 30 from the boundary with the gap 4.
  • Fig. 8 these recesses 30 of Fig. 6c have been further enhanced with smaller rectangular recesses 31.
  • Figs. 6d-f show examples of regular small transparent openings that have been made in strips 3.
  • FIG. 7 Another way of increasing the light from the picture of print 1 is shown in Fig. 7.
  • a print 1 is shown with thereon (not indicated) strips of photos.
  • Further print 2 is visible with opaque quadrangles 3 and between these transparent gaps 4.
  • a screen 10 is placed with reflecting surfaces 11 facing print 1 and between the surfaces 11 transpar- ent surfaces 12.
  • the reflecting surfaces 11 increase the amount of light because the light that otherwise would have been absorbed by the opaque quadrangle 3 of print 2, is now being reflected and eventually can exit through gaps 4 ⁇ .
  • print 2 can also be printed with reflective material at the side that in mounted condition is facing print 1.
  • composition of the picture by assembly of print 1 and print 2 and possibly reflective screen 10 in a fixed distance and in register with respect to each other can take place in a way that is known to the person skilled in the art .
  • a clamping device can be positioned on the top side. At the bottom it is advisable not to use clamps but only use a weight attached to each sheet. This way a simple exchangeable assembly can be obtained so that pictures according to the invention can be' exchanged in in public display cases a simple way.
  • first print and the second print are both printed on a sheet of transparent material, for instance polyester material of polyvinyl material.
  • a sheet of transparent material for instance polyester material of polyvinyl material.
  • De first print is then made on a surface of the sheet of transparent material and the second print is being printed on the opposite surface of the sheet of transparent material.
  • the thickness of the sheet of trans ⁇ parent material determines then the distance v.
  • This thick ⁇ ness is then related to the application of the picture with depth and with the number of strips 3 and gaps 4 of the grid. For instance for a large poster possibly a grid with 40 gaps per inch will be used and a thickness of the sheet of ap- proximately 3 mm.
  • a grid of 60 gaps per inch possibly a grid of 60 gaps per inch will be used and a thickness of the sheet of approximately 1 mm.
  • a thickness of the sheet possibly a grid of 120 gaps per inch is used and a thickness of the sheet of approximately 0,2-0,8 mm and for a picture of a stamp format possibly a grid of 200 gaps per inch and a thickness of the sheet of approximately 0,05-0,5 mm is used.
  • FIG. 8 Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is schematically depicted in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 8 Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is schematically depicted in Fig. 8.
  • insuffi- cient day light is available and there is no additional illumination from the side or from the back side, or when this illumination from the side and from the back side has broken down or is negligible with respect to the day light, it is possible to place strips 7 of a photo of the image on the visible side of the opaque strip of the grid.
  • the photo segments 7 on the grid serve the purpose that the picture remains visible, albeit not with depth.
  • the photo segment 7 on the grid 3 do not contribute to the depth effect of the picture, but they strengthen the image of the picture.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'images en relief, caractérisé en ce qu'un ensemble de photos de la vue à illustrer est divisé en bandes et en ce qu'un quadrillage (2) a été imprimé et est en cours de montage avant l'impression des bandes de l'ensemble de photos à une distance déterminée. L'invention concerne également une image fabriquée par ce procédé.
PCT/NL2011/050026 2010-01-15 2011-01-17 Procédé de fabrication d'images en relief et images fabriquées par ce procédé WO2011087365A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2004100 2010-01-15
NL2004100 2010-01-15
NL2004263 2010-02-18
NL2004263A NL2004263C2 (nl) 2010-01-15 2010-02-18 Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van afbeeldingen met diepte en afbeeldingen vervaardigd met deze werkwijze.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011087365A1 true WO2011087365A1 (fr) 2011-07-21

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ID=43838909

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PCT/NL2011/050026 WO2011087365A1 (fr) 2010-01-15 2011-01-17 Procédé de fabrication d'images en relief et images fabriquées par ce procédé

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NL (1) NL2004263C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011087365A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5113213A (en) * 1989-01-13 1992-05-12 Sandor Ellen R Computer-generated autostereography method and apparatus
US5594841A (en) * 1993-12-27 1997-01-14 Schutz; Stephen A. Stereogram and method of constructing the same
RU2129725C1 (ru) * 1998-08-06 1999-04-27 Илясов Леонид Владимирович Способ получения стереоскопических растровых фотографий
US20090009592A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2009-01-08 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Three-Dimensional Image Forming System

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5113213A (en) * 1989-01-13 1992-05-12 Sandor Ellen R Computer-generated autostereography method and apparatus
US5594841A (en) * 1993-12-27 1997-01-14 Schutz; Stephen A. Stereogram and method of constructing the same
RU2129725C1 (ru) * 1998-08-06 1999-04-27 Илясов Леонид Владимирович Способ получения стереоскопических растровых фотографий
US20090009592A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2009-01-08 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Three-Dimensional Image Forming System

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Publication number Publication date
NL2004263C2 (nl) 2011-07-19

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