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WO2010123997A1 - Antibiotiques bêta-lactames carbacéphèmes - Google Patents

Antibiotiques bêta-lactames carbacéphèmes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010123997A1
WO2010123997A1 PCT/US2010/031904 US2010031904W WO2010123997A1 WO 2010123997 A1 WO2010123997 A1 WO 2010123997A1 US 2010031904 W US2010031904 W US 2010031904W WO 2010123997 A1 WO2010123997 A1 WO 2010123997A1
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Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
compound
alkyl
oxo
bicyclo
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PCT/US2010/031904
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz E. Moser
Allan S. Wagman
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Achaogen, Inc.
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Publication of WO2010123997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010123997A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D463/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbacephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
    • C07D463/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbacephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2
    • C07D463/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. carbacephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2 with hetero atoms directly attached in position 7
    • C07D463/16—Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D463/18—Nitrogen atoms further acylated by radicals derived from carboxylic acids or by nitrogen or sulfur analogues thereof
    • C07D463/20—Nitrogen atoms further acylated by radicals derived from carboxylic acids or by nitrogen or sulfur analogues thereof with the acylating radicals further substituted by hetero atoms or by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C07D463/22—Nitrogen atoms further acylated by radicals derived from carboxylic acids or by nitrogen or sulfur analogues thereof with the acylating radicals further substituted by hetero atoms or by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen further substituted by nitrogen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel carbacephem ⁇ -lactam antibiotics, and the use of such compounds to treat bacterial infections, in particular, infections caused by bacterial species resistant to conventional ⁇ -lactams.
  • Bacterial resistance to cephalosporins occurs primarily through three mechanisms: (a) destruction of the antibiotic by ⁇ -lactamases; (b) decreased penetration due to changes in bacterial outer membrane composition; and (c) alteration of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) resulting in interference with ⁇ -lactam binding.
  • PBPs penicillin-binding proteins
  • the latter pathway is especially important, as the binding of ⁇ -lactams to PBPs is essential for inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis (peptidoglycan is a required bacterial cell-wall component).
  • Certain Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (“MRSA") and various genus Enterococcus bacteria are highly resistant to ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • MRSA The resistance of MRSA is due to the presence of a PBP called PBP2a, which binds very poorly to ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • PBP2a a PBP that binds very poorly to ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • the options for treating infections caused by MRSA are limited and there is a need for new antibiotics with activity against these strains.
  • R 1 and R 2 are generally described as aromatic and heteroaromatic entities, and R 3 has generally been reported as an optionally substituted alkyl group.
  • MRSA activity was demonstrated relatively early on to correlate with lipophilicity; the more lipophilic the carbacephem, the greater its potency.
  • the greater the lipophilicity of the compound the greater is its tendency toward high protein binding. Protein binding reduces the concentration of free drug circulating in blood. Lower circulating free drug concentrations typically result in less efficacious beta-lactams. Lack of oral bioavailability is another issue facing MRSA active beta-lactams.
  • cephalosporins were both poorly absorbed by oral dosing and suffered from hydrolytic degradation, due to chemical instability, in the acidic environment of the stomach.
  • Carbacephems offer an advantage for treating community-acquired MRSA which is most conveniently treated by oral antibiotics. Since carbacephems, due to their molecular structure, are intrinsically more stable to the gastric environment, this class of beta-lactam has a much greater potential for development as an oral agent.
  • carbacephems remain an interesting approach to dealing with MRSA and other resistant bacterial species. What is needed, however, is a novel class of carbacephems that achieves the requisite balance of MRSA potency, protein binding and oral availability. The present invention addresses this need and provides further related advantages.
  • the present invention is directed to novel carbacephem ⁇ -lactam antibiotics, including stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and prodrugs thereof, and the use of such compounds to treat bacterial infections, in particular, infections caused by bacterial species resistant to conventional ⁇ -lactams, such as MRSA.
  • a compound having the following structure (I):
  • R la is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl;
  • Ar 2 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl;
  • Ar 2 is
  • R 5b is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R 5a and R 5b , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
  • R 6 is absent, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl;
  • R 5 is not -CH 2 S(CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 .
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl; and
  • R 6 is absent, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having structure (I) or structure (II), or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • a method of using a compound having structure (I) or structure (II) in therapy is provided.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a bacterial infection is provided comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound having structure (I) or structure (II), or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, to a mammal in need thereof.
  • the bacterial infection may be caused by a ⁇ -lactam antibiotic-resistant bacterium, such as a methicillin-resistant genus
  • Amino refers to the -NH 2 radical.
  • Cyano refers to the -CN radical.
  • Niro refers to the -NO 2 radical.
  • Alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to twelve carbon atoms (C 1 -C 12 alkyl), preferably one to eight carbon atoms (C 1 -C 8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (MO-propyl), r ⁇ -butyl, / ⁇ -pentyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl), 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • alkenyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one double bond, having from two to twelve carbon atoms, preferably two to eight carbon atoms and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-l,4-dienyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkynyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group comprising solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one triple bond, optionally containing at least one double bond, having from two to twelve carbon atoms, preferably two to eight carbon atoms and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkylene or "alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation and having from one to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, rc-butylene, and the like.
  • the alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a single bond.
  • the points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylene chain may be optionally substituted.
  • alkenylene or “alkenylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least one double bond and having from two to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., ethenylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, and the like.
  • the alkenylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a double bond or a single bond.
  • the points of attachment of the alkenylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenylene chain may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkynylene or “alkynylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least one triple bond and having from two to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., propynylene, r ⁇ -butynylene, and the like.
  • the alkynylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a double bond or a single bond.
  • the points of attachment of the alkynylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynylene chain may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkoxy refers to a radical of the formula -OR a where R a is an alkyl radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon atoms. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkoxyalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R b -O-R 3 where R b is an alkylene chain as defined above and R a is an alkyl radical as defined above.
  • the oxygen atom may be bonded to any carbon in the alkylene chain and in the alkyl radical. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxyalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Aryl refers to a hydrocarbon ring system radical comprising hydrogen, 6 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring.
  • the aryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may included fused or bridged ring systems.
  • Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, ⁇ y-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene.
  • Alkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R b -R 0 where R b is an alkylene chain as defined above and R 0 is one or more aryl radicals as defined above, for example, benzyl, diphenylmethyl and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aralkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Aralkenyl refers to a radical of the formula -R d -R 0 where R ⁇ is an alkenylene chain as defined above and R 0 is one or more aryl radicals as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aralkenyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkynyl refers to a radical of the formula -R e R 0 where R e is an alkynylene chain as defined above and R 0 is one or more aryl radicals as defined above.
  • an aralkynyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Aryloxy refers to a radical of the formula -OR ⁇ , where R ⁇ is an aryl group as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryloxy group may be optionally substituted.
  • Alkyloxy refers to a radical of the formula -OR ⁇ where Rj 3 is an aralkyl group as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aralkyloxy group may be optionally substituted.
  • Cycloalkyl or “carbocyclic ring” refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may include fused or bridged ring systems, having from three to fifteen carbon atoms, preferably having from three to ten carbon atoms, and which is saturated or unsaturated and attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
  • Monocyclic radicals include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptly, and cyclooctyl.
  • Polycyclic radicals include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise stated specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Cycloalkylalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R b Rg where R b is an alkylene chain as defined above and R g is a cycloalkyl radical as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Cycloalkylalkenyl refers to a radical of the formula -R d R g where R ⁇ j is an alkenylene chain as defined above and R g is a cycloalkyl radical as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkylalkenyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Cycloalkylalkynyl refers to a radical of the formula -R e R g where R e is an alkynylene radical as defined above and R g is a cycloalkyl radical as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkylalkynyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • fused refers to any ring structure described herein which is fused to an existing ring structure in the compounds of the invention.
  • the fused ring is a heterocyclyl ring or a heteroaryl ring
  • any carbon atom on the existing ring structure which becomes part of the fused heterocyclyl ring or the fused heteroaryl ring may be replaced with a nitrogen atom.
  • Halo refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo.
  • Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1 -fluoromethyl-2-fluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, l-bromomethyl-2-bromoethyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a haloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Haloalkenyl refers to an alkenyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a haloalkenyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Haloalkynyl refers to an alkynyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a haloalkynyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heterocyclyl or “heterocyclic ring” refers to a stable 3- to 18-membered non-aromatic ring radical which consists of two to twelve carbon atoms and from one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • the heterocyclyl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized; and the heterocyclyl radical may be partially or fully saturated.
  • heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[l,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thio
  • N-heterocyclyl refers to a heterocyclyl radical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heterocyclyl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heterocyclyl radical. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a N-heterocyclyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heterocyclylalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R b Rh where R b is an alkylene chain as defined above and R h is a heterocyclyl radical as defined above, and if the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl may be attached to the alkyl radical at the nitrogen atom. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heterocyclylalkenyl refers to a radical of the formula -R d R h where R d is an alkenylene chain as defined above and R h is a heterocyclyl radical as defined above, and if the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl may be attached to the alkenylene chain at the nitrogen atom. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclylalkenyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heterocyclylalkynyl refers to a radical of the formula -ReRh where Re is an alkynylene chain as defined above and R h is a heterocyclyl radical as defined above, and if the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl may be attached to the alkynyl radical at the nitrogen atom. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclylalkynyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heteroaryl refers to a 5- to 14-membered ring system radical comprising hydrogen atoms, one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring.
  • the heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized.
  • Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[6][l,4]dioxepinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[l,2-a]pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl,
  • heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted.
  • heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heteroaryl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heteroaryl radical.
  • an iV-heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heteroarylalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R b Ri where R b is an alkylene chain as defined above and Rj is a heteroaryl radical as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroarylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heteroarylalkenyl refers to a radical of the formula -R d Ri where R d is an alkenylene chain as defined above and R; is a heteroaryl radical as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroarylalkenyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Heteroarylalkynyl refers to a radical of the formula -ReRj where R e is an alkynylene chain as defined above and Rj is a heteroaryl radical as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroarylalkynyl group may be optionally substituted.
  • Hydroalkyl refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.
  • substituted means any of the above groups (i.e., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, heterocyclyl, iV-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkenyl, heterocyclylalkynyl, heteroaryl, iV-heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl and/or heteroarylalkynyl) wherein at least one hydrogen
  • Substituted also means any of the above groups in which one or more bonds are replaced by a higher-order bond (e.g., a double- or triple-bond) to a heteroatom such as oxygen in oxo, carbonyl, carboxyl, and ester groups; and nitrogen in groups such as imines, oximes, hydrazones, and nitriles.
  • a higher-order bond e.g., a double- or triple-bond
  • nitrogen in groups such as imines, oximes, hydrazones, and nitriles.
  • Substituted further means any of the above groups in which one or more bonds are replaced by a bond to an amino, cyano, hydroxyl, imino, nitro, oxo, thioxo, halo, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, heterocyclyl, iV-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkenyl, heterocyclylalkynyl, heteroaryl,
  • Prodrug is meant to indicate a compound that may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to a biologically active compound of the invention.
  • prodrug refers to a metabolic precursor of a compound of the invention that is pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • a prodrug may be inactive when administered to a subject in need thereof, but is converted in vivo to an active compound of the invention.
  • Prodrugs are typically rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the invention, for example, by hydrolysis in blood.
  • the prodrug compound often offers advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility or delayed release in a mammalian organism (see, e.g., Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985), pp.
  • prodrugs are provided in Higuchi, T., et al., A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, Ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.
  • prodrug is also meant to include any covalently bonded carriers, which release the active compound of the invention in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject.
  • Prodrugs of a compound of the invention may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound of the invention in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound of the invention.
  • Prodrugs include compounds of the invention wherein a hydroxy, amino or mercapto group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the compound of the invention is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxy, free amino or free mercapto group, respectively.
  • the invention disclosed herein is also meant to encompass all pharmaceutically acceptable compounds of a structure disclosed herein being isotopically-labelled by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number.
  • isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 O, 17 O, 18 O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, 36 Cl, 123 I, and 125 I, respectively.
  • radiolabeled compounds could be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of the compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action on the sodium channels, or binding affinity to pharmacologically important site of action on the sodium channels.
  • Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of a structure disclosed herein, for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies.
  • the radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3 H, and carbon- 14, i.e. 14 C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
  • substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2 H may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.
  • Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as 11 C, 18 F, 15 O and 13 N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy.
  • PET Positron Emission Topography
  • Isotopically-labeled compounds of a structure disclosed herein can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those as set out below using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
  • the invention disclosed herein is also meant to encompass the in vivo metabolic products of the disclosed compounds. Such products may result from, for example, the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the invention includes compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a compound of this invention with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof. Such products are typically are identified by administering a radiolabeled compound of the invention in a detectable dose to an animal, such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to human, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur, and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples.
  • an animal such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to human
  • Solid compound and “stable structure” are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
  • Malignant includes humans and both domestic am ' mals such as laboratory animals and household pets (e.g., cats, dogs, swine, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits), and non-domestic animals such as wildlife and the like.
  • domestic am ' mals such as laboratory animals and household pets (e.g., cats, dogs, swine, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits), and non-domestic animals such as wildlife and the like.
  • Optional or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
  • optionally substituted aryl means that the aryl radical may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted aryl radicals and aryl radicals having no substitution.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient” includes without limitation any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base addition salts.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and which are formed with inorganic acids such as, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor- 10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane- 1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free acids, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. These salts are prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to the free acid. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Preferred inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts.
  • Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, iV-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
  • Particularly preferred organic bases are is
  • solvate refers to an aggregate that comprises one or more molecules of a compound of the invention with one or more molecules of solvent.
  • the solvent may be water, in which case the solvate may be a hydrate.
  • the solvent may be an organic solvent.
  • the compounds of the present invention may exist as a hydrate, including a monohydrate, dihydrate, hemihydrate, sesquihydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate and the like, as well as the corresponding solvated forms.
  • the compound of the invention may be true solvates, while in other cases, the compound of the invention may merely retain adventitious water or be a mixture of water plus some adventitious solvent.
  • a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a formulation of a compound of the invention and a medium generally accepted in the art for the delivery of the biologically active compound to mammals, e.g., humans.
  • a medium includes all pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefore.
  • Effective amount refers to that amount of a compound of the invention which, when administered to a mammal, preferably a human, is sufficient to effect treatment, as defined below, of a bacterial infection in the mammal, preferably a human.
  • the amount of a compound of the invention which constitutes a “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the condition and its severity, the manner of administration, and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be determined routinely by one of ordinary skill in the art having regard to his own knowledge and to this disclosure.
  • Treating covers the treatment of the disease or condition of interest in a mammal, preferably a human, having the disease or condition of interest, and includes:
  • disease and “condition” may be used interchangeably or may be different in that the particular malady or condition may not have a known causative agent (so that etiology has not yet been worked out) and it is therefore not yet recognized as a disease but only as an undesirable condition or syndrome, wherein a more or less specific set of symptoms have been identified by clinicians.
  • the compounds of the invention, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- or, as (D)- or (L)- for amino acids.
  • the present invention is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms.
  • Optically active (+) and (-), (R)- and (S)-, or (D)- and (L)- isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization.
  • stereoisomer refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which are not interchangeable.
  • the present invention contemplates various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof and includes “enantiomers”, which refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another.
  • a “tautomer” refers to a proton shift from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule.
  • the present invention includes tautomers of any said compounds.
  • MIC which stands for minimum inhibitory concentration, refers to that concentration, in ⁇ g/mL, of a compound of this invention that inhibits the growth and/or proliferation of a strain of bacteria by at least 80% compared to an untreated control.
  • MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Bacterial infection refers to the establishment of a sufficient population of a pathogenic bacteria in a patient to have a deleterious effect on the health and well-being of the patient and/or to give rise to discernable symptoms associated with the particular bacteria.
  • ⁇ -lactam resistant bacterium or " ⁇ -lactam antibiotic resistant bacterium” refers to bacterium against which a known ⁇ -lactam antibiotic, such as methicillin and ampicillin, has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 8 ⁇ g/mL.
  • MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
  • R la is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl;
  • R 5b is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R 5a and R 5b , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
  • R 6 is absent, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; and R 5 is not -CH 2 S(CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 .
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R is alkyl and is selected from methyl, ethyl, «- ⁇ ropyl, wo-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, zs ⁇ -butyl and sec-butyl.
  • R 1 is substituted alkyl and is optionally substituted haloalkyl.
  • R 1 is selected from - CH 2 CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 CH 2 F, -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CHFCH 2 F, -CHFCHF 2 , -CHFCF 3 , - CH 2 F, -CHF 2 , -CF 3 and -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 F.
  • R 1 is substituted alkyl and is optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl or optionally substituted hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 1 is -CH 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 OMe or -CH 2 CH 2 OCF 3 .
  • R is substituted alkyl and is - CH 2 CH 2 SMe, -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 Me, -CH 2 CH 2 NMe 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 or -CH 2 CN.
  • R 1 is substituted alkenyl and is optionally substituted haloalkenyl.
  • R 1 is cycloalkyl and is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, and cyclohexenyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen.
  • R 2 is alkyl and is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, «-butyl, tert-buty ⁇ , zs ⁇ -butyl and sec-butyl.
  • R 2 is substituted alkyl and is selected from haloalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n OR 2a , -(CH 2 ) n N(R 2a ) 2 , -(CH 2 ) n N(R 2a ) 3 , -(CH 2 ) n SOR 2a , -(CH 2 ) n SO 2 R 2a and -(CH 2 ) n CN; n is 1 or 2; and each R 2a is independently optionally substituted alkyl.
  • R 2 is selected from -CH 2 F, -CH 2 CN, -CH 2 CH 2 F, -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CN, -CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 3 and -CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R is cycloalkyl and is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • R is aryl and is phenyl.
  • R 2 is substituted aryl and is substituted phenyl.
  • R 2 is heteroaryl and is a 6-membered ring comprising at least one N atom.
  • the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of structure (I) having the following structure (I- A):
  • M is an alkali metal atom
  • the compound is a prodrug of structure (I) having the following structure (I-B):
  • R 2 and Y taken together, are selected from:
  • the compound is a prodrug of structure (I) having the following structure (I-B):
  • R 2 and Y taken together, are selected from: wherein Y 1 is -CH 2 -, -0-, -S-, -SO 2 -, -NH-, -NCH 3 -, -NCH 2 CH 3 -, - NCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 - or -NCH 2 CF 3 -.
  • R 5 is selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, cyano, -CH 3 , -CF 3 , -SO 2 CH 3 , -SCH 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCF 3 , -NHCH 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , - NHCH 2 CH 3 , -N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , -NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 ,
  • R 6 is absent, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -C(CH 3 ) 3 , -CH 2 CFH 2 , -CH 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.
  • R la is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl; and
  • R is absent, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen.
  • R 1 is alkyl and is selected from methyl, ethyl, ⁇ -propyl, iso-propyl, «-butyl, ter t-butyl, iso-butyl and sec-butyl.
  • R 1 is substituted alkyl and is optionally substituted haloalkyl.
  • R 1 is selected from - CH 2 CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 CH 2 F, -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CHFCH 2 F, -CHFCHF 2 , -CHFCF 3 , - CH 2 F, -CHF 2, -CF 3 and -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 F.
  • R 1 is substituted alkyl and is optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl or optionally substituted hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 1 is -CH 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 OMe or -CH 2 CH 2 OCF 3 .
  • R is substituted alkyl and is - CH 2 CH 2 SMe, -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 Me, -CH 2 CH 2 NMe 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 or -CH 2 CN.
  • R 1 is substituted alkenyl and is optionally substituted haloalkenyl.
  • R 1 is cycloalkyl and is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, and cyclohexenyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen
  • R is alkyl and is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, /s ⁇ -propyl, rc-butyl, tert-butyl, /so-butyl and sec-butyl.
  • R is substituted alkyl and is selected from haloalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n OR 2a , -(CH 2 ) n N(R 2a ) 2 , -(CH 2 ) n N(R 2a ) 3 , -(CH 2 ) n SOR 2a , -(CH 2 ) n SO 2 R 2a and -(CH 2 ) n CN; n is 1 or 2; and each R 2a is independently optionally substituted alkyl.
  • R 2 is selected from -CH 2 F, -CH 2 CN, -CH 2 CH 2 F, -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CN, -CH 2 CH 2 N(CHs) 3 and -CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R 2 is cycloalkyl and is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • R 2 is aryl and is phenyl.
  • R is substituted aryl and is substituted phenyl.
  • R 2 is heteroaryl and is a 6-membered ring comprising at least one N atom.
  • the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of structure (II) having the following structure (H-A):
  • M is an alkali metal atom
  • the compound is a prodrug of structure (II) having the following structure (H-B):
  • R 2 and Y taken together, are selected from:
  • the compound is a prodrug of structure (II) having the following structure (H-B):
  • R 2 and Y taken together, are selected from: wherein Y 1 iiss • -CH 2 -, -0-, -S-, -SO 2 -, -NH-, -NCH 3 -, -NCH 2 CH 3 -, - NCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 - or -NCH 2 CF 3 -.
  • R 6 is absent, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 ,
  • Ar 2 , R 1 , R 2 and R 6 group in the compounds of a structure disclosed herein, as set forth above, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of a structure disclosed herein to form embodiments of the inventions not specifically set forth above.
  • substituents in the event that a list of substituents is listed for any particular substituent group in a particular embodiment and/or claim, it is understood that each individual substituent may be deleted from the particular embodiment and/or claim and that the remaining list of substituents will be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, and the compounds have the following structure:
  • R is alkyl (such as, for example, methyl) and R 2 is hydrogen, and the compounds have the following structure:
  • R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, and the compounds have the following structure:
  • R 1 is alkyl (such as, for example, methyl) and R 2 is hydrogen, and the compounds have the following structure:
  • compositions of the present invention comprise a compound of a structure disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • the compound of a structure disclosed herein is present in the composition in an amount which is effective to treat a particular disease or condition of interest - that is, in an amount sufficient to treat a bacterial infection, and preferably with acceptable toxicity to the patient.
  • the antibacterial activity of compounds of a structure disclosed herein can be determined by one skilled in the art, for example, as described below. Appropriate concentrations and dosages can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of the present invention possess antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as enterobacteria and anaerobes.
  • Representative susceptible organisms generally include those Gram-positive and Gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic organisms whose growth can be inhibited by the compounds of the invention such as Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Sarcina, Escherichia, Enter obacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Proteus, Campylobacter, Citrobacter, Nisseria, Baccillus, Bacteroides, Peptococcus, Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, Haemophilus, Brucella and other organisms.
  • the compounds of the present invention possess antibacterial activity against bacterial species resistant to conventional ⁇ -lactams, such as MRSA.
  • compositions of the invention can be prepared by combining a compound of the invention with an appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous forms, such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, suppositories, injections, inhalants, gels, microspheres, and aerosols.
  • compositions of the invention are formulated so as to allow the active ingredients contained therein to be bioavailable upon administration of the composition to a patient.
  • Compositions that will be administered to a subject or patient take the form of one or more dosage units, where for example, a tablet may be a single dosage unit, and a container of a compound of the invention in aerosol form may hold a plurality of dosage units.
  • composition to be administered will, in any event, contain a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treatment of a disease or condition of interest in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be in the form of a solid or liquid.
  • the carrier(s) are particulate, so that the compositions are, for example, in tablet or powder form.
  • the carrier(s) may be liquid, with the compositions being, for example, an oral syrup, injectable liquid or an aerosol, which is useful in, for example, inhalatory administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is preferably in either solid or liquid form, where semi-solid, semi-liquid, suspension and gel forms are included within the forms considered herein as either solid or liquid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated into a powder, granule, compressed tablet, pill, capsule, chewing gum, wafer or the like form.
  • a solid composition will typically contain one or more inert diluents or edible carriers.
  • binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; excipients such as starch, lactose or dextrins, disintegrating agents such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, PRIMOGEL (sodium starch glycolate), corn starch and the like; lubricants such as magnesium stearate or STEROTEX (hydrogenated oil); glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin; a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate or orange flavoring; and a coloring agent.
  • a liquid carrier such as polyethylene glycol or oil.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a liquid, for example, an elixir, syrup, solution, emulsion or suspension.
  • the liquid may be for oral administration or for delivery by injection, as two examples.
  • preferred composition contain, in addition to the present compounds, one or more of a sweetening agent, preservatives, dye/colorant and flavor enhancer.
  • a surfactant, preservative, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, buffer, stabilizer and isotonic agent may be included.
  • the liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may include one or more of the following adjuvants: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride, fixed oils such as synthetic mono or diglycerides which may serve as the solvent or suspending medium, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
  • the parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
  • Physiological saline is a preferred adjuvant.
  • a liquid pharmaceutical composition of the invention intended for either parenteral or oral administration should contain an amount of a compound of the invention such that a suitable dosage will be obtained.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be intended for topical administration, in which case the carrier may suitably comprise a solution, emulsion, ointment or gel base.
  • the base may comprise one or more of the following: petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, bee wax, mineral oil, diluents such as water and alcohol, and emulsifiers and stabilizers.
  • Thickening agents may be present in a pharmaceutical composition for topical administration.
  • the composition may include a transdermal patch or iontophoresis device.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be intended for rectal administration, in the form, for example, of a suppository, which will melt in the rectum and release the drug.
  • the composition for rectal administration may contain an oleaginous base as a suitable nonirritating excipient.
  • bases include, without limitation, lanolin, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may include various materials, which modify the physical form of a solid or liquid dosage unit.
  • the composition may include materials that form a coating shell around the active ingredients.
  • the materials that form the coating shell are typically inert, and may be selected from, for example, sugar, shellac, and other enteric coating agents.
  • the active ingredients may be encased in a gelatin capsule.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention in solid or liquid form may include an agent that binds to the compound of the invention and thereby assists in the delivery of the compound.
  • Suitable agents that may act in this capacity include a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, a protein or a liposome.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may consist of dosage units that can be administered as an aerosol.
  • aerosol is used to denote a variety of systems ranging from those of colloidal nature to systems consisting of pressurized packages. Delivery may be by a liquefied or compressed gas or by a suitable pump system that dispenses the active ingredients. Aerosols of compounds of the invention may be delivered in single phase, bi-phasic, or tri-phasic systems in order to deliver the active ingredient(s). Delivery of the aerosol includes the necessary container, activators, valves, subcontainers, and the like, which together may form a kit. One skilled in the art, without undue experimentation may determine preferred aerosols.
  • compositions of the invention may be prepared by methodology well known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • a pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be prepared by combining a compound of the invention with sterile, distilled water so as to form a solution.
  • a surfactant may be added to facilitate the formation of a homogeneous solution or suspension.
  • Surfactants are compounds that non-covalently interact with the compound of the invention so as to facilitate dissolution or homogeneous suspension of the compound in the aqueous delivery system.
  • the compounds of the invention are administered in a therapeutically effective amount, which will vary depending upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed; the metabolic stability and length of action of the compound; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the patient; the mode and time of administration; the rate of excretion; the drug combination; the severity of the particular disorder or condition; and the subject undergoing therapy.
  • Compounds of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, may also be administered simultaneously with, prior to, or after administration of one or more other therapeutic agents.
  • Such combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation which contains a compound of the invention and one or more additional active agents, as well as administration of the compound of the invention and each active agent in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation.
  • a compound of the invention and the other active agent can be administered to the patient together in a single oral dosage composition such as a tablet or capsule, or each agent administered in separate oral dosage formulations.
  • the compounds of the invention and one or more additional active agents can be administered at essentially the same time, i.e., concurrently, or at separately staggered times, i.e., sequentially; combination therapy is understood to include all these regimens.
  • the following Examples illustrate various methods to make compounds of this invention, i.e., compounds having a structure disclosed herein, such as a compound of structure (I) or structure (II):
  • starting components may be obtained from sources such as Sigma Aldrich, Lancaster Synthesis, Inc., Maybridge, Matrix Scientific, TCI, and Fluorochem USA, etc. or synthesized according to sources known to those skilled in the art ⁇ see, e.g., Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5th edition (Wiley, December 2000)) or prepared as described herein.
  • Suitable protecting groups include hydroxy, amino, mercapto and carboxylic acid.
  • Suitable protecting groups for hydroxy include trialkylsilyl or diarylalkylsilyl (for example, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl or trimethylsilyl), tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, and the like.
  • Suitable protecting groups for amino, amidino and guanidino include t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, and the like.
  • Suitable protecting groups for mercapto include -C(O)-R" (where R" is alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl), p-methoxybenzyl, trityl and the like.
  • Suitable protecting groups for carboxylic acid include alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl esters.
  • Protecting groups may be added or removed in accordance with standard techniques, which are known to one skilled in the art and as described herein. The use of protecting groups is described in detail in Green, T. W. and P.G.M. Wutz, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1999), 3rd Ed., Wiley.
  • the protecting group may also be a polymer resin such as a Wang resin, Rink resin or a 2-chlorotrityl-chloride resin.
  • the final compound in the Evans scheme can be converted to several important carbacephem intermediates with selective protecting group manipulations.
  • the 3-pos triflate can be displaced by nucleopliles to give sulfur linked groups, see, e.g., Ternansky, RJ., et al., J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36: 1971-1976 and Hatanaka, M. et ah, Tetrahedron Letters, 1983, 24(44): 4837-4838.
  • the triflate can also be converted to an alkene by Stille reaction to give double bond linked groups at the 3 -position.
  • the Boc can be removed for coupling to an acid at the 7-position. See, e.g., Evans, D. A., et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1985: 3783-3787 and Evans, D.A., et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1985: 3787-3790.
  • Bodurow method gives the needed intermediate for the schemes below for 3-position S-linked analogues.
  • the Bz protected ester can be converted to the free acid by hydrogenation or saponification. See, e.g., Bodurow, CC, et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1989: 2321-2324.
  • Method B (6i?,75)-7-amino-8-oxo-3 -(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol) was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (15 mL) and triethylamine (2.1 g, 21 mmol) was added.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Method D A solution of l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol 2 (47 mg 0.39 mmol) in dry THF was cooled down in ice and treated with NaH (14 mg, 0.36 mmol). After 10 min, the suspension was added by syringe to the solution of (6i?,7S',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2- (5-ammo-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Method E A solution of triethylsilane (TES) (0.5 mL), 2,2,2- trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (1 mL) and dichloromethane (DCM) (1 mL) was cooled down to O 0 C and (6i?,75,Z)-benzhydryl-3-(l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-7-(2-(5-amino- l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2- ene-2-carboxylate (114 mg, 0.17 mmol) was added in portions.
  • TES triethylsilane
  • TFA 2,2,2- trifluoroacetic acid
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at O 0 C and then evaporated to dryness, washed with diethyl ether to obtain (6i?,75',Z)-3-(l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-7-(2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2- (rnethoxyimino)acetamido)- 8 -oxo- 1 -aza-bicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (82 mg crude solid), purified by Prep-HPLC to give 26 mg white solid, yield: 31% .
  • Step 1 A mixture of (li?,2S)-2-amino-l,2-diphenylethanol (4.28 g, 20.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (0.28 g 2.03 mmol) and diethyl carbonate (20 mL, 166 mmol) was heated under reflux for 16 hrs. The resulting mixture was washed with water (10 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (300 mL). The organic phase was dried MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated. The residue was recrystallized form toluene to give the desired compound (4S,5i?)-4,5-diphenyloxazolidin-2-one as white solid. Yield 88%, ESI-MS: 240.1 [M + ]
  • Step 2 NaH (0.66 g, 60% mineral oil dispersion, 20.8 mmol) was placed in a three necked flask under argon and washed with anhydrous hexane (15 mL).
  • Step 3 Glycine t-butyl ester hydrochloride (125 g, 0.75 mol) was treated with 10 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (180 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane.
  • the dichloromethane solution was back washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried by sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to get the glycine-butyl ester (60 g).
  • rert-butyl-2-aminoacetate (31.5 g, 0.24 mol) in dichloromethane was treated sequentially with 1 equivalent of cinnamaldehyde (26.4 g, 0.2 mol) and a desiccating agent, such as magnesium sulfate (70 g), in the amount of about 2 grams of desiccating agent per gram of starting amino acid ester or amide.
  • the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature until all of the reactants were consumed as measured by thin layer chromatography. The reactions were typically complete after 3 hrs.
  • the reaction mixture was then filtered and the filter cake was washed with dichloromethane.
  • the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the desired imine that was used as is in the subsequent step.
  • Step 4 2-((46",5 ⁇ )-2-oxo-4,5-diphenyloxazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid (5.95 g, 20 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 . Then, DMF (0.04 mL, 0.6 mmol) was added, followed by COCl) 2 (2.6 mL, 30 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hrs at rt and concentrated. The product was used for next step without further purification. Triethylamine (4.18 mL, 30.0 mmol) was added at -78 0 C to a solution of the acid chloride (6.32 g, 20.0mmol) in dry methylene chloride (100 mL).
  • Step 5 Pearlman's catalyst (2 g) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (6.5 g, 30 mmol) were added successively to a solution of the corresponding tert-butyl-2-((35 r ,4i?)- 2-oxo-3-((45',5i?)-2-oxo-4,5-diphenyloxazolidin-3-yl)-4-((E)-styryl)azetidin-l -yl)acetate (1 mmol) in THF (30 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at it under a hydrogen atmosphere (120 psi) for 48 hrs. Then, the mixture was filtered through Celite.
  • Step 6 To a mixture of the tert-buty ⁇ -2-((3SAR)-3-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-4-phenethylazetidin-l-yl)acetate (2.1 g, 5.19 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (30 mL), acetonitrile (30 mL), and water (45 mL) was added at rt periodic acid (17.24 g, 75.26 mmol). The biphasic mixture was stirred until both phases became clear, and ruthenium trichloride hydrate (236 mg, 1.05 mmol) was added. Stirring was continued until no starting material was detected by TLC (4 hrs).
  • Step 7 To a cold (O 0 C) solution of (6.8 g, 16.83 mmol) of 3-((ZR,3S)-l- (2-/ert-butoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl)propanoic acid in 300 mL of methylene chloride maintained under nitrogen were added 103.7 mg (0.85 mmol) of dimethylaminopyridine, thiophenol (2.32 g, 21.04 mmol), and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (4.34 g, 21.04 mmol).
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • the mixture was stirred at O 0 C for 10 minutes and at rt for 6 hrs.
  • the mixture was poured into 400 mL of methylene chloride and the mixture washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50% of saturated), with 1 M hydrochloric acid, and with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution.
  • the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness to yield the title compound as partly crystalline oil.
  • Step 8 To a solution of 18.12 g (39 mmol) of tert-butyl-2-((35,4i?)-3- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-4-(3-oxo-3-(phenylthio)propyl)azetidin-l-yl)acetate in 300 mL of anhydrous THF and maintained under argon at -78° C was added 156 mL (156 mmol) of lithium hexamethyldisilazane (1M/L) (also maintained under argon at - 78°C).
  • the mixture was poured into 1000 mL of aqueous ammonium chloride (50% of saturation) and the pH was adjusted to 3 with 1 M HCl aqueous.
  • the acidified mixture was extracted three times with 800 mL of portions of methylene chloride.
  • the extracts was combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation.
  • the residue was initially chromatographed over silica using hexane-ethyl acetate (ca 3:1, v/v), followed by a (2:1, v/v). mixture of the same solvents for elution of the product.
  • Step 9 A CH 2 Cl 2 solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (338.4 mg, 1.2 mmol) was rapidly added to a solution of (6i?,7S)-tert-butyl-7-(fert- butoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxy-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (354 mg, 1 mmol) and DIPEA (193 mg, 1.5 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL) at -40 0 C. After 15 min, the reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution Of NaHCO 3 (10 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3x20 mL).
  • Step 1 SOCl 2 (200 mL, 2.74 mol) was slowly added to methanol (400 mL) during 1.5 hrs at O 0 C. Then, (Z)-2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetic acid 1 (61 g, 0.30 mol) was added in one portion and the reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hrs at 7O 0 C. Concentration gave a white solid which was partitioned between ethyl acetate (500 mL x 3) and water (200 mL).
  • Step 2 A solution of (2)-methyl-2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetate 2 (60 g, 0.28 mol) and NH 2 OH-HCl (140 g, 1.98 mol) in methanol (400 mL) and H 2 O (200 mL) was stirred at 100 0 C for 24 hrs. Concentration gave a yellow syrup which was partitioned between ethyl acetate (IL) and water (400 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x1 L). The organic phase was dried on NaSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dry.
  • IL ethyl acetate
  • Step 3 To a solution of (Z)-methyl-2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetate 3 (1O g, 0.05 mol) in 50 mL THF at O 0 C was added 5.5 g TEA, stirred 10 minutes. Then, 14 g of trityl chloride was added in at O 0 C and the reaction solution was stirred at this temperature for 2 hrs. Concentration gave a white solid which was partitioned between ethyl acetate (500 mL) and water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x500 mL).
  • Disulfide (4.9 g, 14.7 mmoL) was added during 30 min to the reaction solution. Then, a solution of triethyphosphite (3.545 g, 21.35 mmoL) in CH 3 CN (30 mL) was added during 30 min. The reaction was stirred at rt for 27 hrs and filtered. The solid obtained was washed by CH 3 CN (50 mL) three times to get (Z)-5-benzo[ ⁇ /]thiazol-2-yl-2-(5- amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)ethanethioate 6 (3.2 g, 46%).
  • Step 1 To a solution of (Z)-ethyl-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetate 1 (21.5 g, 0.1 mol) in 100 niL DMF, Et 3 N (30.6 niL, 0.22 mol) was added. Then, TrCl (64 g, 0.22 mol) was added during 20 minutes, the reaction solution was stirred at 5O 0 C for 48 hrs until LC-MS indicated the reaction was over. The reaction solution was slowly poured into water (600 mL).
  • Step 3 To a solution of (Z)-2-(2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetic acid 3 (67 g, 0.1 mol) in 400 mL DMF, NCS (25 g, 0.19 mol) was added during 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at O 0 C for 3 hrs. To the reaction solution, 600 mL of water was added and the whole reaction solution was extracted with 300 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 200 mL of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dry.
  • Step 4 (Z)- 1 S'-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4- yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)ethanethioate 5 was prepared from (Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino) thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetic acid 4 according to Method H. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography (20% DCM in petroleum ester) in 20% yield as a white solid. ESI-MS: 8653.2 [M+H]. The compound may be used in methods similar to those of Methods A-I.
  • Step 1 (Z)-ethyl-2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetate 2 was prepared from (Z)-ethyl-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetate 1 as set forth in Example 8. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography (50% EtOAc in petroleum ester) in 80% yield.
  • Step 2 (Z)-5'-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)ethanethioate 3 was prepared from (Z)-ethyl-3-((Z)-amino(methylthio) methyleneamino)-2-(methoxyimino)propanoate by following Method H. The resulting product (Z)-S'-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 1 Thiophene 1 (4.4 niL, 51 mmol) was added to a solution of ClSO 2 OH (10 niL, 155 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (100 mL) at O 0 C during 0.5 hr. The reaction solution was stirred at this temperature for another 3 hrs. Then, the reaction mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 twice. The organic layer was washed with brine, concentrated and 6.0 g of 5-methylthiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride 2 was obtained as a light oil, yield 59.5%.
  • 1 H NMR 400Hz, CDCl 3 ): 6.96 (d, 2H), 6.66 (d, 2H), 2.50 (s, 6H).
  • Example 11 1 ,2-bis(5-chloro- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) disulfane
  • Step 1 Aqueous hydrogen peroxide (1.3 g, 30%, 11.25 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 5 -amino- 1,3, 4-thiadiazole-2 -thiol 1 (100 mg, 0.75 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) during 5 min. The resulting bright yellow solution was stirred until precipitation of the product was complete. After filtration, 5,5'-
  • Step 2 A solution of 5,5'-disulfanediylbis(l,3,4-thiadiazol-2- amine) 2 (890 mg) in cone. HCl (20 mL) and H 2 O (12 mL) was treated with NaCl-ice and cooled to -1O 0 C, then NaNO 2 (0.5 g) in H 2 O (8 mL) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at -10 0 C, then CuCl was added slowly. The mixture was heated to 50-55 0 C for another 2 hrs, cooled and dried with H 2 O and
  • Step 1 1,2-di-tert-butyldisulfane (4.4 mL, 51 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-methylthiazole 1 (10 mL, 155 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at -60 0 C during
  • Step 2 The solution of 2-(fert-butylthio)-5-methylthiazole 2 (1.1 g, 6.1 mmol) in con. HCl (10 mL) was heated to reflux for 24 hrs, the reaction was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography
  • Step 1 Aqueous hydrogen peroxide (127.5 mg, 30%, 1.125 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol 1 (100 mg, 0.75 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) during 5 min. The resulting bright yellow solution was stirred until precipitation of the product was complete. Collection furnished the disulfide, 5,5'- disulfanediylbis(l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine) 2, as a yellow solid (90 mg, yield 91%). The product was used without further purification. ESI-MS: m/z 264 [M+H].
  • Step 2 To a solution of 5,5'-disulfanediylbis(l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine) 2 (100 mg, 0.375 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) at rt was added 4-bromobutanoyl chloride (139 mg, 0.75 mmol) by syringe, causing precipitation. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hr.
  • Step 3 To a solution of N,N'-(5,5'-disulfanediylbis(l,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2- diyl))bis(4-bromobutanamide) 3 (152 mg, 0.27 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) at O 0 C was added t-BuOK (45.4 mg, 0.405 mmol). After being stirred at O 0 C for 30 min, saturated NH 4 Cl aqueous solution was added and the mixture was extracted by ethyl acetate.
  • Step 1 A solution of 5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2- amine 1 (1.7 g) in HBr (75 itiL) and H 2 O (50 niL) was treated with NaCl-ice and cooled to -1O 0 C, NaNO 2 (1.5 g) in H 2 O (25 mL) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at -1O 0 C. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , and concentrated. 2-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4- thiadiazole 2 (1.16 g ) was obtained. The product was used in next step without further purification.
  • Step 2 The mixture of 2-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,3,4- thiadiazole 2 (1.15 g), thiourea (1.2 g) and ethanol (15 mL) was heated to reflux for 1 hr, concentrated, and 5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol 3 was obtained as a yellow solid (800 mg, 86%).
  • ESI-MS 186 [M + H].
  • Step 1 To a stirred THF (20 mL) solution of methylsulfonylbenzene (1.60 g, 10 mmol) under N 2 at O 0 C was added NaH (60%, 600 mg, 15 mmol) in portions after which the resulting suspension was stirred at O 0 C for 10 min, and then treated dropwise with ethyl trifluoroacetate (3.60 mL, 30 mmol) at O 0 C. After 2 hrs under reflux, the resulting solution was poured into saturated aqueous NaCl (250 mL) and extracted with Et 2 O (100 mL x 4).
  • Step 2 NaBH 4 (2.50 g, 10 mmol) was added to a solution of l,l,l-trifluoro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)propan-2-one (1.80 g) in MeOH (20 mL). After stirring overnight at rt, the solution was poured into saturated NaCl (200 mL) and extracted with Et 2 O (100 mL x 4). The combined extracts were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from Et 2 O-hexane to give l,l,l-trifluoro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)propan-2-ol (1.40 g, 57%). Step 3: To a stirred solution of l,l,l-trifluoro-3-
  • Step 5 A solution consisting of 1.0 g of 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)oxirane and 2 equiv of thiourea in 4 mL of dimethylformamide was heated overnight at 90°C. After cooling, 40 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 was added and the dark solution washed successively with water and brine. Charcoal was then added and after filtration and evaporation of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed on silica gel to get 4-(trifiuoromethyl)thiazol-2-amine (200 mg, yield 30%).
  • Step 6 To a solution of 5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-amine (3.3 g, 20 mmol) in cone.
  • Step 7 To a solution of O-ethyl-S-5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-yl carbonodithioate (0.27 g, 1.0 mmol) in 10 mL ethanol, KOH (25 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added during 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 8O 0 C for 3 hrs.
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-
  • Step 1 (6i?,75,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4- yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(ethylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l- aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7- (2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate as a slight yellow solid by following Method D.
  • Step 1 (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75 r ,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(2- amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Step 2 (6i?,7S',Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5 -(methylamino)- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was prepared from (6i?,7 1 S',Z)-benzhydryl-7- (2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)- l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate as a white solid in 22% by following Method E. ESI-MS: m/z 545
  • Example 20 (6i?,75',Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5- (ethylamino)- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- 1 -aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid
  • Step 1 (6#,7S,Z)-berizhydryl-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 2 (6i?,75',Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)- 2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6RJS,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5- chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4- yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6R,7S,Z)-benzhydry ⁇ - 7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate as a slight yellow solid by following Method D. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography
  • Step 2 (6i?,75,Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S r ,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S,Z)-berizhydryl-3-(5-chloro-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2- ylthio)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo- l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from ( ⁇ S ⁇ ZJ-benzhydryl- 7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Step 2 (6i?,7S,Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetamido)-3 -(5-chloro- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was prepared from (6i?,7S,Z)-benzhydryl-3- (5-chloro-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate in 40% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS: m/z 536 [M+H].
  • Step 1 (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)- 2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-methylthiazole-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6R,7S,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5- chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Step 1 (6i?,75,Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid was prepared from (6i?,7/S)-7-amino-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid in 64% yield by following Method B. The resulting product (white powder) was used without further purification.
  • Step 3 (6i?,7S,Z)-pivaloyloxymethyl-7-(2-(5-chIoro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4- thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75',Z)- ⁇ ivaloyloxymethyl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 4 (6i?,75',Z)-pivaloyloxymethyl-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4- yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 1 was prepared from (6R,7S,Z)- pivaloyloxymethyl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate in 91% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS:
  • Step 1 (6i?,75',Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 2 (6i?,7S,Z)-methyl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,7S',Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Step 3 (6i?,75,Z)-methyl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3 -(5-(methylamino)- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,7»S,Z)-methyl-7-(2-(5- chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)- 1 -aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate by following Method D. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography (eluting solvent: PE:E
  • Step 4 (6i?,7,S',Z)-methyl-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetamido)-3 -(5-(methylamino)- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 1 was prepared from (6i?,75',Z)-methyl-7-(2-(5- cUoro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(tri1yloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(rnethylarnino)- l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate in 54% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS:
  • Step 1 (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-
  • oct- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 1 is prepared from (6 ⁇ ,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-chlorothiazole-2-ylthio)-8- oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate by following Method E.
  • Step 4 (6i?,7S,Z)-pivaloyloxymethyl-7-(2-(2-amino-5 -chlorothiazol-4- yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 1 was prepared from (6R,7S,Z)- pivaloyloxymethyl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-(methylamino)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate in 85% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S,Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)- 8-0X0-3 -(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid was prepared from (6i?,75)-7-amino-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid in 90% yield by following Method B. The resulting product (white powder) was used without further purification.
  • Step 2 (6i?,7S',2)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)- 2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,7S,Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid in 97% yield by following Method C. The resulting product (white powder) was used without further purification.
  • Step 3 (6i?,7S',Z)-benzhydr
  • Step 1 (6i?,75,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)- l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 2 (6i?,7,S,Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-l- aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was prepared from (6R,1S,Z)- benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetarnido)-8- oxo-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2- carboxylate in 38% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS: m/z 570 [M+
  • Step 1 (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-
  • Step 2 (6i?,7 J S',Z)-7-(2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5-trifluoromethylthiazole-2-ylthio)-8-oxo- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was prepared from (6i?,7.S,Z)-benzhydryl-7- (2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-3-(5- trifluoromethylthiazole-2-ylthio)-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate as a white solid in 20% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS: m/z 568.8 [M+H].
  • Step 1 (6i?,75 l ,Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 2 (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)- 2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75',Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid in 97% yield by following Method C. The resulting product (white powder) was used without further purification.
  • Step 3 (6i?,7S',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)- 2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)thiazol-2-ylthio)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75' 5 Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5- chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)- 1 -aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate by following Method D.
  • Step 1 (6i?,7S r ,Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3 -(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)- 1 -aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid was prepared from (6 ⁇ ,7S)-7-amino-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid in 90% yield by following Method B. The resulting product (white powder) was used without further purification.
  • Step 2 (6i?,75 r ,2)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)- 2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,7.S',Z)-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid in 97% yield by following Method C. The resulting product (white powder) was used without further purification.
  • Step 4 To a solution of (6i?,75,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-chloro-2- (tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(4-(pyridin-4- yl)thiazol-2-ylthio)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (190 mg) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added iodomethane and the mixture was stirred for 48 hrs at rt.
  • Step 5 4-(2-((6i?,75)-7-((Z)-2-(2-amino-5-chlorothiazol-4-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetamido)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3- ylthio)thiazol-4-yl)-l -methylpyridinium 1 was prepared from 4-(2-((6i?,75)-2- (benzhydryloxycarbonyl)-7-((Z)-2-(5 -chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-
  • Step 1 (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-
  • Step 1 (6i?,75,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2- (trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)thiazol-2-ylthio)-l-aza- bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate was prepared from (6i?,75',Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5- amino-l,2,4-miadiazol-3-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetarnido)-8-oxo-3-
  • Step 2 To a solution of (6i?,7S,Z)-benzhydryl-7-(2-(5-amino- 1,2,4- thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)thiazol-2- ylthio)-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (190 mg) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added iodomethane and the mixture was stirred for 24 h at rt.
  • Step 4 4-(2-((6i?,7,S)-7-((Z)-2-(5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2- (hydroxyimino)acetamido)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3- ylthio)thiazol-4-yl)-l -methylpyridinium 1 was prepared from 4-(2-((6i?,75)-7-((Z)-2-(5- amino- 1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3 -yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-2-(benzhydryloxycarbonyl)- 8-oxo-l-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-ylthio)thiazol-4-yl)-l-methylpyridinium as a slight yellow solid in 27.8% yield by following Method E. ESI-MS: 559
  • Step 1 To a stirred THF (20 niL) solution of methylsulfonylbenzene 2 (1.60 g, 10 mmol) under N 2 , at O 0 C was added NaH (60% in oil, 600 mg, 15 mmol) in portions. After the addition, the resulting suspension was stirred at O 0 C for 10 min, and then treated dropwise with ethyl trifluoroacetate 1 (3.60 mL, 30 mmol) at O 0 C. After 2 h at reflux, the resulting solution was poured into saturated NaCl (250 mL) and extracted with Et 2 O (100 mL x 4).
  • Step 2 NaBH 4 (2.50 g, 10 mmol) was added to a solution of l,l,l-trifluoro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)pro ⁇ an-2-one 3 (1.80 g) in MeOH (20 mL). After stirring for 12 h at 2O 0 C, the solution was poured into saturated NaCl (200 mL) and extracted with Et 2 O (100 mL x 4). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • Step 3 To a stirred solution of l,l,l-trifluoro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)propan-2-ol 4 (1.40 g, 57% yield) as a white solid.
  • Step 3 To a stirred solution of l,l,l-trifluoro-3-
  • Step 4 To a cooled solution (-78 0 C) consisting of BuLi (12 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 ml) was added t-BuOOH in octane (2.5 M, 4.8 ml). After stirring for 1 h at -78 0 C, (E)-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enylsulfonyl)benzene 5 (2.35 g, 10 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise over five minutes. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 h and then quenched with addition of 10% aq. HCl (10 mL).
  • Step 6 To a solution of 5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-amine 7 (3.3 g, 20 mmol) in con. HCl (10 ml) at O 0 C, NaNO 2 (2.1 g, 30.4 mmol) was added in portions. The reaction solution was stirred for 2 hours at O 0 C, after which potassium O-ethyl carbonodithioate (3.52 g, 22 mmol) in water (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 55 0 C for 12 hours and then the whole reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 ml).
  • Step 7 To a solution of O-ethyl-S-5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-yl carbonodithioate 8 (0.27 g, 1.0 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL), KOH (25 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added over 5 minutes at RT. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 8O 0 C. After 3 h, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, poured into ice water, adjusted to pH 3 with diluted aq. hydrochloride (1 M), and the whole reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL).
  • Step 8 To a solution of 5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazole-2-thiol 9 (258 mg, 1.4 mmol) in THF (10 mL), NaH (56 mg, 1.4 mmol) was added in portions at O 0 C with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred at O 0 C for 15 minutes.
  • Step 9 To a solution of (6i?,75',Z)-l-(isopropoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl-7-(2- (5-chloro-2-(tritylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2-(trityloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(5- (trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-ylthio)- 1 -aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 11 (610 mg, 0.5 mmol) and triethylsilane (TES) (1 mL) in CH 2 Cl 2 (2 ml) was added TFA (2 mL) at O 0 C.
  • TES triethylsilane
  • a compound of this invention will demonstrate activity superior to vancomycin or cefotaxime against bacterial infections resistant to conventional ⁇ -lactam antibiotics such as methicillin and ampicillin.
  • the following procedures may, without limitation, be used to evaluate the compounds of this invention.
  • the in vitro MIC for bacterial isolates may be obtained in the following manner: a test compound is incorporated into a series of two-fold dilutions in cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB). Different bacterial strains diluted to provide a uniform inoculum are added to the CAMHB containing test compounds. A well without test compound is included for each strain as a growth control.
  • the MIC is defined as the concentration of compound that completely inhibits growth as observed by the naked eye.
  • the procedures used in these experiments are generally those standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), as set forth in the CLSI publication entitled "M7-A7.
  • a few isolated colonies are retrieved from a pure culture prepared on an agar plate and suspended in PBS until the turbidity of the suspension matches a 0.5 McFarland standard which is equal to approximately 10 CFU/mL.
  • This solution is further diluted in CAMHB to 10 6 CFU/mL if compounds are diluted in CAMHB and 5x10 5 CFU/mL if compounds are diluted in DMSO.
  • the CAMHB plates containing the compound dilutions are combined in equal volumes with the higher density inoculum, or 10 ⁇ L of the DMSO dilutions are added to the lower density inoculum.
  • aureus is the organism being tested and the compound is oxacillin, a beta-lactam or a carbacephem compound of the present invention, 2% NaCl is added to the growth media. The plates are then incubated for 16-20 hrs at 35 0 C. The plates are then observed to determine which concentration of the test compound is the MIC. Data for certain representative compounds is shown in Table 2 below.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur des antibiotiques bêta-lactames carbacéphèmes représentés par les structures chimiques (I) et (II), comprenant leurs stéréoisomères, sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables, esters et promédicaments, où Ar2, R1, R2 et R6 sont tels que définis dans la description. Les composés sont utiles pour le traitement d'infections bactériennes, en particulier celles qui sont provoquées par Staphylococcus spp résistant à la méthycilline.
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WO2014067861A1 (fr) * 2012-10-29 2014-05-08 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Dérivés d'oxazolidinone 3,4-disubstituée et leur utilisation comme inhibiteurs des canaux potassiques activés par le calcium
WO2021041583A1 (fr) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Composés pour identifier des bêta-lactamases et leurs procédés d'utilisation

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CN114805164A (zh) * 2022-03-30 2022-07-29 法姆瑞斯医药科技(北京)有限公司 一种5-甲基-2-羟基-1,3,4-噻二唑的回收利用方法

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100267686A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2010-10-21 Achaogen, Inc. Carbacephem beta-lactam antibiotics
US8445476B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2013-05-21 Achaogen, Inc. Carbacephem β-lactam antibiotics
WO2014067861A1 (fr) * 2012-10-29 2014-05-08 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Dérivés d'oxazolidinone 3,4-disubstituée et leur utilisation comme inhibiteurs des canaux potassiques activés par le calcium
EA026161B1 (ru) * 2012-10-29 2017-03-31 Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг Производные 3,4-дизамещенного оксазолидинона и их применение в качестве ингибиторов кальций-активируемых калиевых каналов
US9611232B2 (en) 2012-10-29 2017-04-04 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Oxazolidinone and imidazolidinone compounds
WO2021041583A1 (fr) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Composés pour identifier des bêta-lactamases et leurs procédés d'utilisation

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