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WO2010118777A1 - Appareil de production de courant à partir d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable - Google Patents

Appareil de production de courant à partir d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010118777A1
WO2010118777A1 PCT/EP2009/054538 EP2009054538W WO2010118777A1 WO 2010118777 A1 WO2010118777 A1 WO 2010118777A1 EP 2009054538 W EP2009054538 W EP 2009054538W WO 2010118777 A1 WO2010118777 A1 WO 2010118777A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
servo
pmc
speed
energy
torque
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/054538
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harshadkumar Maganlal Patel
Alain Van Ranst
Original Assignee
Patel Renewable Engineering Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patel Renewable Engineering Ltd. filed Critical Patel Renewable Engineering Ltd.
Priority to PCT/EP2009/054538 priority Critical patent/WO2010118777A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2010/052208 priority patent/WO2010118905A2/fr
Publication of WO2010118777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010118777A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/02—Details of the control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/262—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the relative movement between a tide-operated member and another member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/302—Brushless excitation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/10—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for water-driven turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for generating current from natural and renewable energies, such as gravity, wind, hydraulic, etc.
  • the present invention combines a brushless servo-PMC activated by said natural, renewable energy with regenerative braking.
  • Examples of conventional energy production means comprise thermal power plants which generate energy by the combustion of fossil fuels (e.g., petrol, coal), and nuclear power plants which use nuclear fission. In both cases, heat generated by combustion or fission is used to vaporize water and to drive a vapor turbine, thus generating electric current.
  • fossil fuels e.g., petrol, coal
  • nuclear power plants which use nuclear fission. In both cases, heat generated by combustion or fission is used to vaporize water and to drive a vapor turbine, thus generating electric current.
  • Hydroelectric plants and windmills farms are probably the most popular solutions for generating current based on natural, renewable energy.
  • rotational energy provided by the wind to the blades of the windmill's propeller is converted into electrical energy by a power generator.
  • power generators There are several types of power generators, including, for example, a type that uses coils and/or permanent magnets, and the so-called inrunners wherein a stator surrounds the out side of a cylindrical rotor, and the so-called outrunners wherein a stator faces a disc-shaped rotor in the axial direction, etc.
  • the generated voltage is proportional to the power generator's rotational speed according to the conventional wind-power generators, the voltage can be raised by raising the rotational speed.
  • a gearbox is often interposed between the propeller shaft and the generator.
  • gearbox has several drawbacks such as gear-induced torque losses, noise, reduced equipment reliability and life time, and cost. Examples of windmills using conventional DC generators with gearbox are described e.g., in US 4,31 8,01 9.
  • the voltage may be raised without gear by increasing the number of coils or magnets of a rotor because the generated voltage is proportional to the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet.
  • Such method actually increases the diameter of the rotor of a power generator increasing the overall diameter of the windmill. Examples of windmills using a generator with a large number of poles are described e.g., in DE3629872A1 and DE36381 29A1 .
  • using an array of stators and rotors in parallel was proposed in US2008/0231 1 32 to increase the output of windmills.
  • servo-PMCs such as brushless DC electric motors/generators
  • a solid-state circuit rather than a commutator/brush system.
  • a servo-PMC was used in a windmill to advantageously replace mechanical braking systems.
  • the energy generated by the braking torque is dissipated by heat and Eddy losses thus requiring specific design of the system to not overheat.
  • the efficacy is limited. It therefore remains a need for new, more efficient concepts for generating energy.
  • the present invention proposes a solution to make maximum use of the natural sources of energy with a novel apparatus for generating energy.
  • the present invention concerns an apparatus for generating current comprising:
  • servo-PMC torque driven servo permanent magnet generator
  • the capturing means transfer natural, renewable energy to the servo-PMC by rotation of a shaft thereof.
  • the torque driven servo- PMC is a brushless servo permanent magnet generator, preferably a wye-type, and most preferably an outrunner.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a current converter positioned between the PMC and said connection to deliver current in a form compatible with the grid or with any energy storage or distribution unit to which it is to be delivered, said converter is preferably controlled by a CPU programmed to instruct said converter to ensure that the converted signal is permanently in a form according to IEEE 51 9 standard.
  • the source of natural, renewable energy is wind or hydraulic energy and the means for capturing it comprise at least one blade, preferably at least three, more preferably more than three blades.
  • the source of natural, renewable energy is liquid flow and the means for capturing it comprise a paddle- wheel or mill-wheel mounted on the shaft of the rotating servo-PMC.
  • the source of natural, renewable energy is gravity and different means for capturing it are proposed.
  • the source of energy comprises a hydraulic and a gravity components and the means for capturing it take advantage of the buoyancy.
  • the present invention also concerns a method for generating current comprising the following steps:
  • a capturing a source of natural, renewable energy in order to activate a torque driven servo permanent magnet generator (servo-PMC) comprising regenerative braking means for reducing the speed, ⁇ , of the permanent magnets relative to the windings of the servo-PMC according to the instructions received by a CPU and for transforming the kinetic and magnetic energy thus released into electrical current;
  • servo-PMC torque driven servo permanent magnet generator
  • a preferred embodiment of the method for generating current according to the present invention comprises the following steps: (a) capturing a source of natural, renewable energy in order to drive the rotation of the shaft of a wye-type brushless servo permanent magnet generator (servo-PMC) comprising regenerative braking means for reducing the rotational speed of said shaft according to the instructions received by a CPU and for transforming the kinetic and magnetic energy thus released into electrical current; (b) through a closed loop connection to the CPU, instructing the regenerative braking means:
  • Figure 1 shows three functional block diagrams of the major components of the apparatus for generating current using magnetic regenerative brake of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows two embodiments of the invention using (a) wind and (b) hydraulic flow as a source of renewable energy.
  • Figure 3 shows four embodiments of the invention using gravity as a source of renewable energy.
  • Figure 4 shows two embodiments of the invention using both gravitational and hydraulic sources of renewable energy.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of characteristic nominal and maximal torque-speed curves of a torque driven servo-PMC.
  • the present invention uses natural, renewable energy sources to activate a torque driven servo permanent magnet generator (servo-PMC) (2) by generating a movement of the permanent magnets relative to the windings of said servo-PMC.
  • servo-PMC torque driven servo permanent magnet generator
  • Torque driven servo permanent magnet generators are capable of generating high torque at low speeds of the permanent magnets relative to the windings.
  • Two main types of servo-PMCs can be defined,
  • regenerative braking means are combined with a torque driven servo-PMC to reduce the speed, ⁇ , of the permanent magnets relative to the windings of the servo-PMC so as to increase the mechanical torque whilst recovering the kinetic energy thus released by the deceleration, and transforming both magnetic and kinetic energy into electric current.
  • a CPU is programmed to optimize the speed reduction as a function of the energy transferred to the servo-PMC to move the permanent magnets relative to the windings of the servo-PMC by the capturing means.
  • the present invention is torque driven and may function at low relative speeds.
  • Several sources of natural, renewable energy may be used, alone or in combination, to perform movement of the permanent magnets relative to the windings of the servo-PMC.
  • the torque driven servo- PMC is a wye-type brushless servo-PMC in a rotor-stator system.
  • natural, renewable energy sources are used to drive the rotation of the shaft of the wye- type servo-PMC.
  • Wye-type brushless servo permanent magnet generators are capable of generating high torque at low rotational speeds.
  • regenerative braking means are used to reduce the rotational speed of the servo-PMC's shaft so as to increase the mechanical torque whilst recovering the kinetic energy thus released by the shaft deceleration, and transforming both magnetic and kinetic energy into electric current.
  • a CPU is programmed to optimize the speed reduction of the shaft as a function of the energy transferred to the servo-PMC's shaft by the capturing means. If necessary, the current thus produced may then be processed by a converter to render it compatible with the grid or with any energy storage or distribution unit to which it is to be delivered. Contrary to most energy generating systems of the prior art which tend to maximize the rotational speed of the generator's shaft to increase current output (power driven systems), the present invention is torque driven and may thus function at low rotational speeds. Several sources of natural, renewable energy may be used, alone or in combination, to drive the rotation of the servo-PMC's shaft.
  • An apparatus comprises natural, renewable energy capturing means (1 ). Said means of course depend on the type of natural energy used to perform movement of the permanent magnets relative to the windings of the servo-PMC, preferably, to drive the rotation of the shaft of a rotational servo-PMC.
  • a source of natural, renewable energy provides energy generated from natural resources —such as thermal (e.g., sunlight, geothermal), wind, hydraulic (e.g., rain, tides, river) or gravitational— which are naturally replenished and requiring no chemical reaction (e.g., combustion, photovoltaic).
  • the capturing means (1 ) are mechanically connected to a shaft (2a) of a servo- PMC (2) by means of mechanical connection (1 5) such that they can drive the rotation of the shaft upon capturing natural energy.
  • a CPU (4) is in closed loop connection with the means (1 ) for capturing a source of energy by means of control connection (14) and is programmed to instruct said means to capture maximum energy as a function of the varying parameters of said source of energy (cf. Figure 1 b&c).
  • capturing means are reviewed in section (e) below, particularly suitable for capturing various sources of natural, renewable energies.
  • a rotational brushless generator is a synchronous electric generator which generates electric current upon activation of the rotation of the shaft (2a) thereof and which has an electronically controlled commutation system, instead of a mechanical commutation system based on brushes as in conventional DC generators. Contrary to the conventional DC generators the windings in servo-PMC's are static whilst the permanent magnets are rotating. Examples of brushless generators are described in US5004976 and US5245238. Similarly, in a linear servo-PMC the relative movement between the permanent magnets and the windings is obtained by moving a shuttle loaded with one of the components along a rail along which are arranged an array of the other components.
  • a generator with windings in delta configuration yields low torque at low rotational speed, but can function at higher top speeds.
  • Wye configuration yields high torque at low rotational speed, but is limited to lower top speeds than the delta type.
  • the preferred torque driven generators for the present invention are brushless servo-PMC's, preferably of the wye-type.
  • Each torque driven servo PMC available on the market (e.g., wye-type) is characterized by its nominal and maximal torque-speed curves available from the supplier; an example is illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the nominal torque-speed curves give the torque (hence, the generated current) as a function of the rotation speed of the shaft under normal working conditions.
  • the maximum torque-speed curves define the limit of available maximum torque before the breaking point of the generator is reached.
  • the maximum torque defined by the maximum torque-speed curves can be much higher than the torque defined by the nominal curves.
  • Curves #1 refers to the nominal and maximum characteristic curves of a servo- PMC fed with a first magnitude of natural energy
  • curves #2 refers to the same servo-PMC fed with a higher energy corresponding, e.g., to stronger winds in the case of windmills.
  • Rotational torque driven servo PMCs can be so called inrunners or outrunners depending on the windings and permanent magnets relative position.
  • An inrunner generator has stationary coils which surround the rotating magnet at the centre.
  • An outrunner generator has stationary coils at the centre, and the rotating magnets on the outside. Outrunner generators generally produce higher torque at a lower speed then their inrunner counterparts, and are preferred according to the present invention.
  • the servo-PMCs (2) suitable for the present invention are of the high torque, preferably wye-type and more preferably outrunners.
  • suitable servo-PMC's are described and available from Rexroth (Bosch group) under the reference servo axe synchronous 4 quadrants motor/generator (e.g., Synchronous Motors MSK 1 01 E-0450).
  • Regenerative braking is already applied in the field of motorized vehicles, in particular with electrical trains.
  • the traction motor connections are altered to turn them into electrical generators.
  • the motor fields are connected across the main traction generator and the motor armatures are connected across the load.
  • the main traction generator now excites the motor fields.
  • the rolling locomotive wheels turn the motor armatures, and the motors act as generators, either sending the generated current through onboard resistors (dynamic brake) or back into the supply (regenerative braking).
  • braking torque is a mechanism that reduces (rotational) speed by converting some of its kinetic energy into another useful form of energy.
  • the present invention takes advantage of the extra braking torque exerted on the generator shaft upon regenerative braking.
  • the braking torque thus produced adds up with the mechanical torque obtained by the rotation of the shaft driven by the natural energy and defined by the nominal curve of the servo-PMC at the reduced speed. Through this additional braking torque the electrical current output of the servo-PMC can thus be increased accordingly.
  • the additional torque applied to the servo-PMC upon reducing the speed, ⁇ , of the permanent magnets relative to the windings of the servo-PMC (e.g., rotational velocity of a shaft (2a) of the servo-PMC (2)) from a high value ( ⁇ i) to a lower value (002) is used to generate additional current (Wake) which adds up with the current (IMEC (GC>2)) produced by the movement of the permanent magnets relative to windings of the servo-PMC (e.g., the rotation of the shaft) at the speed 002 and determined with the nominal curve thus yielding a high output.
  • additional current Wake
  • IMEC GC>2
  • the regenerative brake is controlled by a CPU (4) which is programmed to determine and control the extent of braking so as to optimize electrical current generation as follows.
  • the CPU ensures that the relative speed, ⁇ (e.g., rotational speed), is reduced to a value, 002, comprised within the range wherein maximum torque is independent of rotational speed (i.e., 002 ⁇ cot).
  • Said control may become more complex in cases where a variable source of energy such as wind is used, since we have seen that the nominal and maximum curves of a given servo-PMC vary with the magnitude of the energy collected by the capturing means (cf. Figure 5).
  • a closed loop control to the CPU of the shaft load and speed may be required.
  • Regenerative braking may be called as regenerative braking magnetic control regulation loop.
  • the CPU ensures that the initial speed, 001 , is reduced to a value
  • oot defines the transition velocity between decreasing maximum torque with higher speed values and a constant maximum torque, ⁇ m ax(oot), independent of velocity for lower speed values.
  • the CPU further ensures that the extra braking torque, ⁇ t ⁇ -ake( ⁇ ), generated by the speed reduction to ⁇ 2 reaches substantially the value ⁇ m ax(oot) when added to the mechanical torque ⁇ m ec( ⁇ 2 ) generated by the servo-PMC at a reduced speed ⁇ 2 , as defined by:
  • An apparatus according to the present invention further comprises an electrical connection (1 3) to the grid (5) or to any energy storage or distribution unit.
  • the "Grid” is meant here as a network of electric-power connections, in other words, a system of electric wires for sending power over a large area. Basically, any electrical appliance connected to a wall socket pulls its electricity from the grid. Local distribution units other than the grid, such as fed by a generator or photovoltaic cells may be connected to the apparatus of the present invention. Finally, the apparatus of the present invention may also be connected to a storage unit such as a battery.
  • the electrical connection (1 3) between the grid (5) or any energy storage or distribution unit and the apparatus according to the present invention not only feeds the former with current generated by the apparatus but may also serve to energize the apparatus for its functioning when needed.
  • a positive balance between current generated and consumed by the apparatus is essential to the invention.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may be provided with a small battery to supply the initial energy necessary to trigger the generation of current by the servo-PMC, and once running any power required for its functioning may be retrieved from the generated current or external source such as grid or battery.
  • the current generated by the apparatus of the present invention is rarely compatible with the grid (5) or any energy storage or distribution unit to which it is connected.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a current converter (6) located between the servo-PMC and the grid (5) or any energy storage or distribution unit.
  • a current converter is defined as any unit capable of transforming a current signal into a different signal compatible with the grid (5) or any energy storage or distribution unit.
  • a particular example of current converter is an electrical apparatus for the interconversion of alternating current and direct current.
  • the CPU (4) may be in closed loop connection by means of control connection (1 4) with the converter (6) and be programmed to instruct said converter to ensure that the converted signal is permanently in an acceptable form regardless of the variations in the magnitude of the natural energy transmitted by the capturing means to the shaft.
  • the converter may ensure that the current transmitted thereto is according to IEEE 51 9 standard.
  • a closed loop control by the CPU (4) may be necessary.
  • IEEE 51 9-1 992 which defines the IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power System, provides a basis for limiting harmonics. Harmonics are a concern because they can cause excessive heating and pulsating, and reduced torque in motors/generators; increased heating and voltage stress in capacitors; and misoperation in electronics, switchgear and relaying. In short, harmonics can lead to reduced equipment life if a system is designed without consideration for harmonics and if equipment is not properly rated and applied. Many grid providers would not allow, or only upon payment of a fine, that current not according to IEEE 51 9 be injected into their grids.
  • the capturing means are preferably mounted on a pillar and comprise at least one blade (I a) to capture the wind (cf. Figure 2a).
  • the capturing means are preferably mounted on a pillar and comprise at least one blade (I a) to capture the wind (cf. Figure 2a).
  • the capturing means are preferably mounted on a pillar and comprise at least one blade (I a) to capture the wind (cf. Figure 2a).
  • three or more blades forming a propeller can be used to increase the area exposed to wind.
  • the blades can be distributed radially around the central hub either on a plane or on the surface of a truncated cone with the central hub defining the truncated base of the cone. The latter configuration allows a higher blade surface to be exposed to the wind thus increasing torque.
  • an apparatus comprises a CPU (4) controlling the direction of the shaft (2a) (i.e., by rotating the pillar) and/or the orientation of the at least one blade (I a) as a function of wind direction and speed.
  • the apparatus is equipped with a sensor giving feedback information to the CPU such as wind force and direction.
  • the capturing means may comprise a buoy (9a) rigidly connected to the shaft (2a) by an arm (7a) as illustrated in Figures 4a and 4b, said buoy being suitable for floating on sea water and for driving the rotation of the shaft (2a) in one direction as the tide rises (cf. Figure 4a) and for driving it in the opposite direction as the tide recedes (cf. Figure 4b).
  • the buoy must have sufficient buoyancy (i.e., volume) to raise with the tide and sufficient mass to drive the arm down upon receding tide to generate maximum torque both ways.
  • the capturing means comprise a buoy (9a) rigidly connected to the shaft (2a) by an arm (7a) as illustrated in Figure 4c, said buoy being suitable for floating on water.
  • the buoy is maintained under water and the rotational velocity of the shaft is reduced to a very low value, G02 ⁇ 0, thus generating a braking torque which adds up with the mechanical torque, ⁇ m ec( ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0), defined by the nominal curve of the servo-PMC.
  • the source of natural, renewable energy is gravity and the means for capturing it comprise: (a) an elongated arm (7) mounted at its centre on the shaft of the rotating servo-PMC
  • the mass (9) is movingly mounted on the elongated arm (7) and the mass transfer means (8) consist of either:
  • a suitable motor (8b) to drive the mass to the top arm end depends on the torque-driven servo-PMC (2) used to generate current and must consume less current to drive the mass up than is generated by the torque-driven servo-PMC (2) by one swing down of the seesaw.
  • suitable linear type servo-PMCs (8b) for transferring the mass to the top end position of the arm which may advantageously be used with e.g., a torque driven servo-PMC (2) of the type RD 500 (Rexroth (Bosch group)) are described and available from Rexroth (Bosch group) under the reference Synchronous linear motors (e.g., MLP070B-01 00) and of the stator-rotor type can be found in Synchronous Motors MSK (e.g., MSKl OOC-0200).
  • Synchronous linear motors e.g., MLP070B-01 00
  • MSK Synchronous Motors
  • the mass (9) is a flowing material selected among liquids and solid particulate materials; for instance, water or sand are suitable materials for the present embodiment;
  • each end of the elongated arm is provided with a vessel (1 0) suitable for containing a given mass of said flowing material and comprising a drain, preferably with closing means (1 1 );
  • the transfer means (8) comprise either: o a pump (8c) suitable for transferring the flowing material from the vessel located at its bottom position to the top vessel and wherein said pump is controlled by a CPU (4) (cf. figure 3c); or o a storage tank (1 2) for storing said flowing material, in fluid connection with each vessel (1 0), each vessel being provided with a drain with closing means (1 1 ), and further comprise means for controlling the flow of said flowing material from the storage tank to one or the other vessels (1 0) (cf. figure 3d); and wherein the CPU (4) controls that the drain (1 1 ) is open when the vessel is at its bottom position and the fluid connection between the storage tank and the vessel at its top position is open to transfer thereto said given mass.
  • Means for capturing gravitational energy (second embodiment: one arm swing)
  • the source of natural, renewable energy is gravity and the means for capturing it comprise: (a) an elongated arm (7a) mounted at one of its ends on the shaft of the rotating servo-PMC (2), to allow a rotating movement thereof, and defining a top, respectively bottom position of the free arm end; (b) mass transfer means (8) for bringing a mass (9) to the free arm end when it is located at its top position; and (c) means for allowing the arm to rotate so as to drive by gravity the free arm end provided with said mass from its top position to its bottom position, and thus rotating the shaft (2a) of the servo-PMC (2); the servo-PMC (2) and mass transfer means being selected such that more electric energy is generated by the rotation of the shaft upon one rotational movement of the arm than it is consumed by the transfer means to drive the mass to the arm end at its top position.
  • the present invention may also be combined with existing systems designed to drive a weight up a given height to generate current from gravitational energy upon bringing said weight down.
  • a crane or a conventional lift e.g., for carrying people or goods, may be combined with a torque driven servo-PMC and a CPU according to the present invention to generate current as the crane hook or lift is driven down.
  • the servo-PMC may be mounted on the pulley or on the winch of a crane.
  • the servo-PMC can be mounted on the return pulley over which the cable holding the lift and counterweight is passed, or on the winch of the motor, or attached to an external wall of the cabin and running along a rail provided either with magnets or windings in case a linear servo-PMC is used, or with a gear in case a rotational servo-PMC is used. It is clear that the servo-PMC must be idle when the crane hook and lift go up and is activated only when they go down.
  • the energy balance is not necessarily positive as more energy may be required to drive the crane hook or lift up than is generated by the servo-PMC as the they come down, but since that energy would have been wasted anyway and additional energy would be required to slow the loaded crane hook or the lift down during its descent, adapting the present invention to a crane or a lift can be highly advantageous.
  • elongated arm (lever) 8 means for transferring the mass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention utilise des sources d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable pour activer une génératrice à aimants permanents à asservissement (servo-PMG) pilotée par couple (2) par génération d'un mouvement (par exemple de rotation) des aimants permanents par rapport aux enroulements de ladite servo-PMG. Des moyens de freinage par récupération sont combinés à ladite servo-PMG pilotée par couple afin de réduire la vitesse ω, des aimants permanents par rapport aux enroulements de la servo-PMG afin d'augmenter le couple mécanique tout en récupérant l'énergie cinétique ainsi libérée par la décélération, et en transformant l'énergie magnétique et l'énergie cinétique en courant électrique. Pour augmenter l'efficacité de l'invention, une unité centrale est programmée pour optimiser la réduction de vitesse en fonction de l'énergie transférée à la servo-PMG pour déplacer les aimants permanents par rapport aux enroulements de la servo-PMG par le moyen de capture. Contrairement à la plupart des systèmes de production d'énergie de l'état de la technique qui ont tendance à rendre maximale la vitesse relative, ω, de la génératrice pour augmenter l'intensité du courant (systèmes pilotés par puissance), la présente invention est pilotée par couple et peut fonctionner à de faibles vitesses relatives. Plusieurs sources d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable peuvent être utilisées, seules ou en combinaison, pour obtenir un mouvement des aimants permanents par rapport aux enroulements de la servo-PMG, telles que des sources thermiques (par exemple lumière solaire, géothermique), éoliennes, hydrauliques (par exemple pluie, marée, rivière) ou gravitationnelles.
PCT/EP2009/054538 2009-04-16 2009-04-16 Appareil de production de courant à partir d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable WO2010118777A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/054538 WO2010118777A1 (fr) 2009-04-16 2009-04-16 Appareil de production de courant à partir d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable
PCT/EP2010/052208 WO2010118905A2 (fr) 2009-04-16 2010-02-22 Appareil d'injection de courant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/EP2009/054538 WO2010118777A1 (fr) 2009-04-16 2009-04-16 Appareil de production de courant à partir d'énergie naturelle et renouvelable

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PCT/EP2010/052208 WO2010118905A2 (fr) 2009-04-16 2010-02-22 Appareil d'injection de courant

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Cited By (3)

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EP2450565A1 (fr) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Éolienne et procédé de contrôle d'éolienne
ES2881481A1 (es) * 2020-05-28 2021-11-29 Arcos Manuel Fernandez Procedimiento para convertir en eléctrica de manera continua una parte de la energía cinética de los cuerpos
IT202100002978A1 (it) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-10 Fast Man Service Srl Macchina elettrica per produrre energia elettrica in quantita’ variabile e sue applicazioni

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ES2881481A1 (es) * 2020-05-28 2021-11-29 Arcos Manuel Fernandez Procedimiento para convertir en eléctrica de manera continua una parte de la energía cinética de los cuerpos
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IT202100002978A1 (it) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-10 Fast Man Service Srl Macchina elettrica per produrre energia elettrica in quantita’ variabile e sue applicazioni

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WO2010118905A2 (fr) 2010-10-21

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