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WO2009152494A1 - Installations électriques hybrides - Google Patents

Installations électriques hybrides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009152494A1
WO2009152494A1 PCT/US2009/047343 US2009047343W WO2009152494A1 WO 2009152494 A1 WO2009152494 A1 WO 2009152494A1 US 2009047343 W US2009047343 W US 2009047343W WO 2009152494 A1 WO2009152494 A1 WO 2009152494A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
steam
geothermal
power plant
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/047343
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Ferguson
Kenneth Bryden
Steven Corns
Luke Shors
Original Assignee
Roger Ferguson
Kenneth Bryden
Steven Corns
Luke Shors
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roger Ferguson, Kenneth Bryden, Steven Corns, Luke Shors filed Critical Roger Ferguson
Publication of WO2009152494A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009152494A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to power plants and, more specifically, to hybrid power facilities combining combustion power plants and solar or geothermal facilities.
  • This patent addresses power plant technologies used in coal fired power plants. These technologies can make use of either coal or biomass (bulk or pelletized) as a fuel source, and so they are generically referred to as 'coal' in this work.
  • the present design fits into the first group, as it uses a fossil fuel device to superheat steam created using renewable sources of energy.
  • energy from a renewable source is used to preheat and/or boil the feed water while using the energy from a coal fired furnace to add superheat to the steam and preheat the feedwater.
  • This design makes use of the benefits of a full scale coal fired furnace to utilize as much of the combustion heat as possible with the latent heat for producing the steam supplied by the renewable energy side of the hybrid plant.
  • This solution differs in that it requires a high energy reservoir of geothermal energy and specifically uses gaseous or liquid fuels rather than coal or biomass.
  • this patent describes only a fossil-fuel burner that adds superheat, making no use of the hot exhaust gases from combustion to either preheat the working fluids or the combustion air.
  • a design by Moore [1995] was patented that uses the thermal energy from a solar central receiver to heat molten salt. This salt is then passed through a furnace, where it is heated with either the exhaust of a gas turbine unit or by fossil fuel fired burners. This salt is then used to generate superheated steam to drive a steam turbine generator. While this design does incorporate several conventional coal power plant technologies such as feed water heaters, it differs from our design in that the fossil fuel adds heat to a working fluid other than the steam. Also, it specifies "fluid" fuels, such as natural gas or fuel oil as opposed to our design using coal.
  • the invention consists of a hybrid power plant that combines a variety of renewable heat sources with a fossil fuel furnace system. Saturated steam would be generated by the renewable sources and then superheat would be added to the steam by the fossil fuel fired furnace. These renewable sources would include geothermal and thermal solar energy sources.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid geothermal-fossil fuel power plant.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid parabolic trough-fossil fuel power plant.
  • Dry steam systems operate by extracting underground steam and routing it through a steam turbine to generate electricity. The steam is then condensed and pumped back into the Earth through reinjection wells.
  • This method requires the least amount of capital equipment, but also requires a geothermal source of steam, requiring a high concentration of geothermal energy.
  • Most accessible sources of geothermal energy are lower energy sites (most hydrothermal and essentially all hot dry rock) that provide heated water rather than steam.
  • To produce electrical energy from these sources requires that steam be produced through another mechanism.
  • the hot working fluid is passed into a lower pressure flash chamber, where the decreased pressure causes some of the hot water to flash to steam.
  • This steam can then be used to drive a turbine, as in the dry steam system.
  • Another method is to transfer the heat of the working fluid into a secondary fluid in a binary system. This type of system uses the hot geothermal fluid to boil a second working fluid that is then used to produce electricity. Using a closed system for the vapor power system makes it possible to use a working fluid with a lower flash point. This makes it possible to generate pressurized steam at much lower temperatures than if water were used.
  • Two of the main issues associated with geothermal power are the low operating temperature and the chemistry of the working fluids. The operating temperature for geothermal plants is dictated by the temperature of the rock formations that are providing the thermal energy.
  • the hydrothermal plants rely on pre-existing steam flows to provide this energy, and so there is no investment necessary to supply the working fluid. Because of this, the steam temperature is limited to what occurs in nature, with a typical value of about 400 0 F, although some sources give values as high as 600 0 F. While there are many more locations where hot dry rock geothermal energy could be produced, these locations are limited by current technology' s ability to penetrate the Earth's crust and to maintain clear and usable geothermal wells. These limitations prevent reliable access to thermal reservoirs buried deep in the Earth, making 35O 0 F a typical expected temperature from this resource.
  • Central receiver systems collect solar energy by using a field of heliostats to concentrate the energy on a tower placed in the center of the heliostat field. This concentration of energy is used to heat a molten salt in the tower, which is then circulated through a heat exchanger to boil a working fluid to drive a Rankine cycle. Typical values for these central receivers can be as high as HOO 0 F, yielding steam temperatures as high as 1050 0 F. However, no central receiver system has been constructed that has more than 15MW of capacity.
  • Parabolic trough systems collect solar energy by reflecting and concentrating the sunlight on a pipe running through the centerline of the parabolic solar collectors. This concentrated sunlight heats oil that is being pumped through the pipe to a temperature as high as 735 0 F. This oil can then be used in a heat exchanger to boil water and add superheat to the steam produced.
  • thermal solar energy systems can achieve temperatures sufficient to drive high efficiency energy cycles, size limitations constrain the amount of energy that can be gathered at one site.
  • Central receiver systems have been able to achieve steam temperatures comparable to those found in some smaller coal-fired power plants (at a much lower steam flow rate), but require a large footprint to produce a relatively small amount of energy.
  • the heat transfer fluids used in these systems molten salt, thermal oils, etc.
  • molten salt, thermal oils, etc. are either solids or very thick liquids at normal atmospheric temperatures. To keep these fluids in a usable state during shutdown periods or large transients requires an addition of heat, usually from fossil fuel powered sources.
  • This patent combines a full scale fossil fuel furnace with a geothermal plant (Fig. 1). Steam is generated from any of the three types of geothermal sources; direct steam, flash steam or a boiler for binary geothermal systems. The steam produced by these methods is saturated steam, mainly due to the low thermal energy levels found in geothermal sources. This saturated steam is then passed through a superheater of a coal fired furnace where the steam is superheated by energy released from the coal combustion. The superheated steam is then passed through the turbine train. In the case of hydrothermal power plants, the steam could then be released to atmosphere or allowed to condense to supply water for any local needs.
  • This design uses the energy from the geothermal source to boil the water and the energy from the combustion of coal or biomass to add superheat to the steam and preheat the feedwater. This takes advantage of the higher operating temperature of the combustion to superheat the steam, making it possible to use a superheated steam turbine train. By using a turbine train designed for higher temperature steam, a higher efficiency can be achieved.
  • the coal fired furnace in this design includes devices that does not boil the working fluid but adds superheat and also the use of the superheater section of a separate fossil fuel power plant that is operating to produce a separate steam flow.
  • This patent combines a full scale fossil fuel furnace with a solar plant.
  • a parabolic trough facility as our example (Fig. 2), but any form of solar energy to produce steam at a lower energy than the combustion system would be applicable.
  • Solar energy is collected directed to a heat exchanger, where the secondary working fluid is boiled to produce steam.
  • This steam is then passed through a combustion furnace where the steam is superheated by energy released from the coal or biomass combustion.
  • the superheated steam is then passed through the turbine train, condensed in the condenser and enters the feed pumps.
  • the feed pumps move the fluid through the economizer of the furnace and then route it back to the heat exchanger.
  • This design uses the energy from the solar system to boil the water and add superheat when possible, with the remaining superheat added by the energy from the combustion of coal or biomass. The remainder of the combustion energy is then used to preheat the feed water. This takes advantage of the higher operating temperature of the combustion to superheat the steam, making it possible to use a higher temperature steam turbine train. By using a turbine train designed for higher temperature steam, a higher efficiency can be achieved.
  • the coal fired furnace in this design includes devices that do not boil the working fluid but adds superheat and also the use of the superheater section of a separate fossil fuel power plant that is operating to produce a separate steam flow. Evaluation
  • the geothermal energy is used to create steam from feed water and add some superheat (contributing 1118 Btu/lbm of working fluid), while coal is used to add the remaining superheat (contributing 447 Btu/lbm)
  • the plant capacity in MWe is increased by about 70%. (ie. A IOOMW geothermal power plant would produce 170 MW when combined with a coal-fired power plant.)
  • This design uses the energy collected from a parabolic trough field to boil and slightly superheat water (contributing 1220 Btu/lbm) and then adds the remaining amount of superheat using coal (contributing 346 Btu/lbm.) This yields an electricity cost of about $0.09 lper kW-hr and a carbon reduction of nearly 78%.
  • the combination of the coal plant to the parabolic trough facility gives an increase in plant capacity of about 51%.
  • Biomass fuels have a lower flame temperature than coal, and so operating temperatures would also be lower. This would not only make it possible to have a higher efficiency power plant by utilizing superheated steam, it may also be possible to reduce the net carbon emissions of the plant to zero. This in turn would make more carbon credits available and increase the profit potential of the design.
  • One of the issues to be addressed in the use of solar energy is the amount of energy that needs to be maintained in the system to ensure that the primary heat transfer fluid remains in a usable state.
  • the heat from the fossil fuel energy source could be used to maintain the temperature levels necessary to prevent solidification of the molten salt for the central receiver or congealing of the thermal oils in the parabolic trough systems.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une centrale électrique hybride, une première centrale électrique produisant une vapeur secondaire à une première température relativement basse à l’aide d’une source d'énergie renouvelable, telle que l'énergie géothermique ou solaire. La vapeur provenant de l’installation source renouvelable traverse une installation électrique à combustible fossile ayant une température de fonctionnement supérieure à la première température, qui entraîne une surchauffe de la vapeur de la première température à une température supérieure dans la centrale électrique à combustible fossile. On obtient des rendements et des réductions élevés.
PCT/US2009/047343 2008-06-13 2009-06-15 Installations électriques hybrides WO2009152494A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6118908P 2008-06-13 2008-06-13
US61/061,189 2008-06-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009152494A1 true WO2009152494A1 (fr) 2009-12-17

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PCT/US2009/047343 WO2009152494A1 (fr) 2008-06-13 2009-06-15 Installations électriques hybrides
PCT/US2009/047346 WO2009152496A1 (fr) 2008-06-13 2009-06-15 Installations solaires hybrides

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PCT/US2009/047346 WO2009152496A1 (fr) 2008-06-13 2009-06-15 Installations solaires hybrides

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WO (2) WO2009152494A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103291567A (zh) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-11 深圳市阳能科技有限公司 一种太阳能生物质串联互补发电系统
WO2015154600A1 (fr) * 2014-04-11 2015-10-15 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Systeme de production d'energie electrique a deux boucles utilisant l'energie thermique solaire
CN110307130A (zh) * 2019-07-01 2019-10-08 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 地热能和太阳能复合利用系统及方法
CN111536491A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-14 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 火力发电厂熔盐储能放热系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013545064A (ja) 2010-09-30 2013-12-19 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー 集光型太陽熱発電プラントからの過熱スチームの製造方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950949A (en) * 1974-03-26 1976-04-20 Energy Technology Incorporated Method of converting low-grade heat energy to useful mechanical power
US5311741A (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-05-17 Blaize Louis J Hybrid electric power generation
US5727379A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-03-17 Electric Power Research Institute Hybid solar and fuel fired electrical generating system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7178337B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2007-02-20 Tassilo Pflanz Power plant system for utilizing the heat energy of geothermal reservoirs
WO2007104080A1 (fr) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Solar Heat And Power Pty Ltd Centrale thermique incorporant un refroidissement souterrain du fluide de refroidissement du condenseur

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950949A (en) * 1974-03-26 1976-04-20 Energy Technology Incorporated Method of converting low-grade heat energy to useful mechanical power
US5311741A (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-05-17 Blaize Louis J Hybrid electric power generation
US5727379A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-03-17 Electric Power Research Institute Hybid solar and fuel fired electrical generating system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103291567A (zh) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-11 深圳市阳能科技有限公司 一种太阳能生物质串联互补发电系统
WO2015154600A1 (fr) * 2014-04-11 2015-10-15 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Systeme de production d'energie electrique a deux boucles utilisant l'energie thermique solaire
CN110307130A (zh) * 2019-07-01 2019-10-08 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 地热能和太阳能复合利用系统及方法
CN110307130B (zh) * 2019-07-01 2021-03-09 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 地热能和太阳能复合利用系统及方法
CN111536491A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-14 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 火力发电厂熔盐储能放热系统

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