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WO2009006661A1 - Combustible solide comprenant un materiau végétal et de la glycérine - Google Patents

Combustible solide comprenant un materiau végétal et de la glycérine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009006661A1
WO2009006661A1 PCT/AT2008/000248 AT2008000248W WO2009006661A1 WO 2009006661 A1 WO2009006661 A1 WO 2009006661A1 AT 2008000248 W AT2008000248 W AT 2008000248W WO 2009006661 A1 WO2009006661 A1 WO 2009006661A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid fuel
glycerol
pellets
pressing
vegetable material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2008/000248
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Josef WÖLFER
Original Assignee
Woelfer Josef
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woelfer Josef filed Critical Woelfer Josef
Publication of WO2009006661A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009006661A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to solid fuel of vegetable material and its preparation.
  • compressed fuel from vegetable material is usually made of fem ground and dried material in ring or flat die presses under high pressure and slightly elevated temperature.
  • An important physical property of such products is the mechanical strength achieved, and in particular the lowest possible abrasion. Crushed fuel with insufficient strength tends to disintegrate to form dust, which causes dust emissions in handling and can interfere with the firing operation. In addition to the strength, care must be taken during pellet production to ensure that the consumption of external energy, operating costs and emissions are as low as possible.
  • the mechanical strength in addition to the raw material properties (for example type of wood, duration of the intermediate storage), also depends on process parameters. While the raw material properties can not be changed in a targeted manner, there is some potential in varying the process parameters. Furthermore, the mechanical strength is also influenced by the addition of binders or pressing aids. Wood pellets, for example, are pressed without binders as well as with the addition of up to 2% potato or maize starch. But also possible are vegetable paraffin or molasses. In addition to bonding, it is important to homogenize the wood chips so that the pellet press is constantly processed into a raw material with identical properties, depending on the type of wood, the pretreatment, the moisture and the grain size.
  • the present invention relates to a pressed solid fuel comprising at least a vegetable material and glycerol.
  • pressed solid fuels comprising at least one vegetable material, which contains, inter alia, cellulose and optionally additionally hemicellulose and / or lignin, have improved properties with addition of glycerol.
  • the improved properties are not only the product itself, but also in the production of the same.
  • glycerine to plant material prior to compression into a solid fuel has been shown to significantly reduce specific energy consumption during production. Furthermore, the addition of glycerine can increase the mechanical stability of compressed solid fuel (as indicator the abrasion can be used for this purpose).
  • Solid fuels with insufficient strength tend to disintegrate to form e.g. Sawdust dust. This causes undesirable dust emissions in the handling of the pellets (e.g., during silo filling or discharge) and often prevents satisfactory plant operation (silo bridging, clogging of forklifts, poor combustion values, etc.). Ensuring minimum pellet abrasion is therefore crucial for both the manufacturer and the end user.
  • the abrasion behavior of the solid fuel is used in accordance with standardized measurement methods.
  • the abrasion resistance of solid fuels is dependent in particular fol ⁇ constricting factors: a) raw material b) press technology, processes and Anlagenkon ⁇ concept c) the type and duration of storage (absorbing moisture) d) pressing additives (press tools).
  • the addition of glycerine to plant material also increases its calorific value / calorific value.
  • a compressed solid fuel comprising glycerine generally has a higher calorific value than a solid fuel, which consists exclusively of compressed vegetable material.
  • “vegetable material” refers to any material which occurs in agriculture and forestry as a primary substance (eg cereals, wood chips) or as a residue (eg straw, bark, green crop).
  • the "vegetable material” according to the present invention comprises cellulose and may further comprise hemicellulose and / or ligms.
  • the herbal material which is erfmdungsgehold used, can m prepared in many different ways or used in various ways.
  • the vegetable material is comminuted, powdered, ground, etc.
  • the vegetable material may further have a water content of up to 30%, preferably up to 20%, more preferably up to 10%.
  • the plant material is selected from the group consisting of straw, husks, bran, preferably wheat bran and rye bran, pomace, preferably grape pomace and apple pomace, press cake, preferably from seminal casings, in particular rapeseed, sunflower, pumpkin seeds germ of maize, coffee, fruit skin, wood shavings, paper 'and sawdust.
  • the compressed solid fuel according to the invention can be produced with any type of vegetable material, agricultural and forestry primary products or waste products in particular being found to be particularly suitable. These starting materials are present in a sufficient amount and, if processed appropriately, have excellent combustion and compression properties.
  • the water content in the vegetable material is preferably up to 30%, wherein the water content can be reduced by drying to about 10% to less than 10%.
  • the plant material comes from a presscake or other oily source, it may also have a certain oil content. This Olgehalt is up to 30%, preferably up to 20%, even more preferably up to 10%. Due to the presence of oil, the calorific value of the inventive solid fuel can be further improved.
  • the solid fuel may comprise at least one vegetable material, but it is also quite possible to combine two or more plant materials of various origins; while 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more plant materials can be combined.
  • Preferred combinations of vegetable materials in the solid fuel according to the invention include straw wood, straw rapeseed cake, wood rapeseed cake, straw-wood rapeseed cake, etc.
  • the ratio of the individual plant materials may vary.
  • the solid fuel glycerin in an amount of 0.1 to 40%, preferably from 1 to 30%, more preferably from 1 to 25%.
  • the pressing resistance should be increased in order to obtain compacted compressed solid fuel.
  • the pressing resistance can be increased by the selection of suitable matrices whose holes have a greater length.
  • the glycerine is derived from the production of biodiesel or fatty acids.
  • Glycerine accumulates in large quantities in the production of biodiesel and soap. Since erfmdungsge awkward glycerine of any purity can be used, glycerol, which is obtained directly from the Biodiesel or soap production, be pressed with vegetable material.
  • the glycerol used in the invention preferably has a purity of more than 70%, more preferably more than 80%.
  • the solid fuel is as Presslmg, pellet, Briquette, flake or chip shaped.
  • the pressing can be carried out to presses of various dimensions.
  • the shape stability of these compacts is achieved by a suitable choice of the dimensioning in the shaping and by a suitable choice of the pressing pressure and in pellets also by the thickness of the die plate or the Matrizenrings.
  • a suitable proportion of vegetable material and glycerol and a suitable pressure of the pressing process dimensionally stable and largely abrasion-resistant pellets or briquettes are produced, provided that the forming pressure of the pressing operation according to an embodiment of the invention in the range of 15 bar to 250 bar, preferably in the range of 25 bar up to 200 bar and more preferably in the range of 30 bar to 180 bar.
  • the die thickness should not be significantly less than 15 mm, in order to ensure adequate compression resistance.
  • the pellets are preferably produced by means of a pelletizer in a size in the range of 5 mm to 50 mm, and preferably in the range of 10 mm to 30 mm, and depending on the composition of the mixture and larger pellets or briquettes, with a size in the range of 50 mm up to 500 mm, preferably in the range of 100 mm to 300 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 150 mm to 250 mm are possible.
  • the crucial point here is that the mixture is adapted in terms of their Adhasionsver- mixture so large to be produced pellets or briquettes that after compression of the mixture sufficient strength of the pellets or briquettes is guaranteed.
  • the diameter of the inventive pellets and briquettes is preferably 5 to 20 mm (5 to 15 mm, 5 to 10 mm) or 20 to 150 mm (20 to 120 mm).
  • the solid fuel according to the invention can be produced by rolling.
  • the solid fuel can be obtained in flake form.
  • the erfmdungsgeABAen chips are compacts of various shapes (eg round or square), the area of about 0.5 to 20 cm 2 , preferably from 1 to 10 cm 2 , and a thickness of 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably from 1 up to 5 mm.
  • the solid fuel comprises at least one pressing auxiliary.
  • binders or pressing aids can be added to the solid fuel before the pressing.
  • non-chemically modified products from primary agriculture and forestry such as e.g. Rye flour or corn starch.
  • the amount added in the case of known pellets is generally less than 2% by weight, but may be more according to the invention.
  • non-chemically modified pressing aids from primary agriculture and forestry there are a large number of non-biogenic pressing aids or chemically modified pressing aids from secondary biomass processing (for example water-soluble cellulose den- sity, lignin).
  • the pressing aid is therefore preferably selected from the group consisting of corn meal, starch, especially potato starch or corn starch, rye flour, polyglycols, sugar, glucose syrup, paper flour, cellulose powder and combinations thereof.
  • Sugar and glucose syrup may be added, for example, in an amount of from 0.5% to 25%, preferably from 1% to 20%.
  • the solid fuel may additionally comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, glucose, paraffin, and glycols.
  • This additional material can serve on the one hand to increase the mechanical stability of the solid fuel produced, on the other hand to increase the calorific value of the solid fuel even more.
  • graphite may preferably be added in an amount of 0.5% to 5% or 1% to 2%, paraffin in an amount of 0.5% to 5% or 1% to 3% or 2%.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for producing a solid fuel from plant material comprising the steps:
  • the moisture content of the vegetable material by, for example, drying to an amount of about 1% to 20%, preferably about 10% (eg 7% to 15%) brought. Further, if necessary, the vegetable material may be made to a certain size before mixing. Depending on how the mixture according to the invention is compressed, the vegetable material should be comminuted. For example, in the production of pellets, the vegetable material is in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 10 mm, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and in the production of briquettes in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 5 cm, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 3 cm mince. The comminution of the plant material can be done for example by means of cutter or Koloplexmuhle.
  • a Koloplexmuhle has two nested high-speed rotating discs, which are bestuckt with pins of about 1.5 cm in diameter and 2 cm high, which are arranged in mirror image and rotate in a closed housing against each other. This results in large shear forces, which shred the dry or slightly moist millbase.
  • the vegetable material Before pressing, the vegetable material is homogeneously mixed with glycerine and optionally with other additives. Mixing can be done by simultaneously adding the individual components m a Teigkneter, roller mill or cutter.
  • the cutter is a multi-stage sharp, preferably round, knife, which rotate at high speed.
  • the material to be comminuted is comminuted by fine cutting in a large, annularly moving shell under the knives. But it is also possible to give the individual components gradually or sequentially.
  • the pressing can erfmdungsgeintroductory by ring or Flachmatrizenpressen or done by rolling.
  • the vegetable material is selected from the group consisting of straw, husks, bran, preferably wheat bran and rye bran, pomace, preferably grape pomace and apple pomace, press cake, preferably from seed casings, in particular from rapeseed, sunflower, pumpkin seeds and corn germ, coffee fruit skin, Wood chips, paper and sawdust.
  • Glycerol is preferably added to the vegetable material in an amount of from 0.1 to 40%, preferably from 1 to 30%, more preferably from 1 to 25%.
  • the glycerol is derived from the production of biodiesel or fatty acids.
  • the solid fuel is preferably compressed into pellets, pellets, briquettes, flakes or chips.
  • At least one pressing assistant is preferably added to the vegetable material before the pressing.
  • the pressing aid is preferably selected from the group consisting of corn grits, starch, particularly potato ⁇ strong or corn starch, rye flour, polyglycols, sugar, glucose syrup, paper powder, cellulose powder, and combinations thereof.
  • At least one material selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, glucose, paraffin and glycols is added to the vegetable material.
  • the pressing is carried out with ring or flat die presses.
  • the compression of the solid fuel can be carried out with any type of press, which is suitable to form Presslmge, pellets and briquettes.
  • presses as described in EP 0 371 519, EP 0 489 046, US 4,979,887, DE 21 08 326, DE 27 56 647, FR 2 591 438 and EP 0 956 943 can be used.
  • the common types of briquette press are also suitable.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of glycerol for the production of compressed solid fuel.
  • the present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following example.
  • Glycerine has so far mainly been used - in purified form - in the pharmaceutical industry. Also, attempts were made to use in biogas plants. Due to the increased seizure additional recycling rails are to be sought. A possible variant is the mixing with straw or rapeseed cake, a subsequent compression to pellets for thermal utilization in automatically fed firing systems. Straw and rapeseed cake also fall as by-products on the one hand and the production of rapeseed oil on the other hand (for food or as a source of biodiesel production).
  • glycerin and honey were based on the anhydrous mass of raw straw and rape cake. This means that e.g. 5 g of glycerol were mixed in mixture A to 95 g of absolutely dry straw (as fresh mass).
  • the pressing is done with a bald flat die press Type 14-175.
  • the die used has 6 mm holes Diameter and a length of 45 mm. This results in a press ratio of 1: 7.5.
  • This matrix is often used in the laboratory for the pelleting of stalks. When pelleting wood, usually a die with a press ratio of 1: 5 is used.
  • Table 2 lists the power consumed, the flow rate and the specific energy consumption calculated from it:
  • the measurement of the mechanical stability of the pellets is carried out using a abrasion tester (Lignotester) of the brand Borregaard LTII.
  • abrasion tester Liignotester
  • this abrasion tester about 100 g of pellets are vortexed for 1 minute in an air flow of 70 mbar.
  • the resulting Femanteil is screened and weighed out the remaining amount of pellets.
  • the abrasion is calculated. For wood pellets according to ONORM M 7135 this may amount to a maximum of 2.3%. This value is also used as a guide in this example to define good quality.
  • the investigation of the abrasion is carried out by double determination.
  • the mixture of rapeseed cake and glycerine also produced pellets with good stability.
  • the best pellets were obtained when trying with 20% glycerine.
  • a further improvement of the pellet quality with further increased Glyzermanteil is quite to be expected on the basis of these experiments.
  • the pellets with rape cake were softer after compression compared to the straw pellets.
  • the addition of glycerol apparently causes the pellets to cure in the cooling phase, so that the good abrasion values shown above are measured.
  • the die used is the highest press ratio available in the laboratory (longest bore). From a certain Proportion of glycerin decreases the pressing pressure: in the holes from. This effect can be remedied by using even longer holes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un combustible solide compacté qui comprend au moins un matériau végétal et de la glycérine et son procédé de fabrication.
PCT/AT2008/000248 2007-07-12 2008-07-07 Combustible solide comprenant un materiau végétal et de la glycérine WO2009006661A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0109007A AT505503A1 (de) 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 Festbrennstoff
ATA1090/2007 2007-07-12

Publications (1)

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WO2009006661A1 true WO2009006661A1 (fr) 2009-01-15

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AT (1) AT505503A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009006661A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009102272A1 (fr) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Katal I Sverige Aktiebolag Biocarburant
FR2972458A1 (fr) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-14 Electricite De France Briquette a base d'un comprime lignocellulosique impregne de combustible liquide
EP2527419A4 (fr) * 2010-01-18 2013-06-26 Creative Co Ltd Combustible solide
RU2628614C2 (ru) * 2015-11-19 2017-08-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма" Альтернативное твердое топливо
US10662387B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2020-05-26 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Additive used in the production of wood pellets
US10858606B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2020-12-08 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Structured composite wood pellets for dust/fines mitigation and method of producing them

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20010013197A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2001-08-16 White Donald H. Pelletizing and briquetting of combustible organic-waste materials using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass
US20060053684A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-16 Murcia Philippe R Fuel source and method of forming same from blending wastewater contaminants with biomass leftovers while cleansing wastewater
DE202006011668U1 (de) * 2006-07-29 2006-10-26 Neo Energy Ag Adaptiver Brennstoff
WO2008036605A2 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-27 Cargill, Incorporated Pastilles de combustible
WO2008049097A2 (fr) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Zeropoint Clean Tech, Inc. Procédé de formation de structures comprimées en utilisant des sous-produits de la production du biodiesel en tant qu'agents de liaison
EP1918354A1 (fr) * 2006-10-13 2008-05-07 Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH Compositions de combustible comprenant de la glycérine
US20080115409A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Tran Bo L Alternative fuel comprising combustible solids and by-products or waste material from industrial processes
WO2008059115A1 (fr) * 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Kimmo Kurppa Procédé de préparation d'une pâte de biomasse, pâte de biomasse, briquette combustible en pâte de biomasse et procédé de fabrication de briquettes combustibles

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010013197A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2001-08-16 White Donald H. Pelletizing and briquetting of combustible organic-waste materials using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass
US20060053684A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-16 Murcia Philippe R Fuel source and method of forming same from blending wastewater contaminants with biomass leftovers while cleansing wastewater
DE202006011668U1 (de) * 2006-07-29 2006-10-26 Neo Energy Ag Adaptiver Brennstoff
WO2008036605A2 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-27 Cargill, Incorporated Pastilles de combustible
EP1918354A1 (fr) * 2006-10-13 2008-05-07 Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH Compositions de combustible comprenant de la glycérine
WO2008049097A2 (fr) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Zeropoint Clean Tech, Inc. Procédé de formation de structures comprimées en utilisant des sous-produits de la production du biodiesel en tant qu'agents de liaison
WO2008059115A1 (fr) * 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Kimmo Kurppa Procédé de préparation d'une pâte de biomasse, pâte de biomasse, briquette combustible en pâte de biomasse et procédé de fabrication de briquettes combustibles
US20080115409A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Tran Bo L Alternative fuel comprising combustible solids and by-products or waste material from industrial processes

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009102272A1 (fr) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Katal I Sverige Aktiebolag Biocarburant
US8465558B2 (en) 2008-02-14 2013-06-18 Ecotraffic Erd3 Ab Biofuel
EP2527419A4 (fr) * 2010-01-18 2013-06-26 Creative Co Ltd Combustible solide
US8801812B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2014-08-12 Creative Co., Ltd. Solid fuel
AU2010342105B2 (en) * 2010-01-18 2016-04-28 Creative Co., Ltd. Solid fuel
KR101802544B1 (ko) * 2010-01-18 2017-11-28 크리에이티브 가부시키가이샤 고체 연료
FR2972458A1 (fr) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-14 Electricite De France Briquette a base d'un comprime lignocellulosique impregne de combustible liquide
RU2507241C2 (ru) * 2011-03-09 2014-02-20 Электрисите Де Франс Брикет на основе спрессованного лигноцеллюлозного тела, пропитанного жидким топливом
RU2628614C2 (ru) * 2015-11-19 2017-08-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма" Альтернативное твердое топливо
US10662387B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2020-05-26 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Additive used in the production of wood pellets
US10858606B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2020-12-08 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Structured composite wood pellets for dust/fines mitigation and method of producing them

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