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WO2009004307A1 - Procédé de séparation de dioxyde de carbone pressurisé à partir de vapeur d'eau - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation de dioxyde de carbone pressurisé à partir de vapeur d'eau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009004307A1
WO2009004307A1 PCT/GB2008/002190 GB2008002190W WO2009004307A1 WO 2009004307 A1 WO2009004307 A1 WO 2009004307A1 GB 2008002190 W GB2008002190 W GB 2008002190W WO 2009004307 A1 WO2009004307 A1 WO 2009004307A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
carbon dioxide
stream
cooling
cooled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/002190
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Griffiths
Mohan Karmarkar
David Robson
Original Assignee
Jacobs Engineering U.K. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0712929A external-priority patent/GB0712929D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0800641A external-priority patent/GB0800641D0/en
Application filed by Jacobs Engineering U.K. Limited filed Critical Jacobs Engineering U.K. Limited
Priority to CA2697235A priority Critical patent/CA2697235A1/fr
Priority to EP08762496A priority patent/EP2175964A1/fr
Priority to AU2008272719A priority patent/AU2008272719A1/en
Publication of WO2009004307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009004307A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the separation of carbon dioxide gas from a pressurised stream of steam and carbon dioxide.
  • a pressurised stream of steam and carbon dioxide is typically produced by the combustion of a fuel gas with oxygen at elevated pressures and is used to generate shaft power, which may be used for the generation of electric power.
  • Such pressurised stream of steam and carbon dioxide can contain particulate matter depending on the method of combustion. Such particulate matter is preferentially substantially removed using well known means such as filtration, by cyclone separation or, preferentially, liquid washing.
  • this carbon dioxide is separated from the steam.
  • the separation step is carried out at elevated pressure.
  • the separated carbon dioxide remains at elevated pressure and the sensible heat in the stream is recovered and used in the raising of steam for the further generation of shaft power which may be used for the generation of further electric power.
  • This invention has particular utility in the case where the combustion gases are fed to a hot expander to generate shaft power.
  • Indirect cooling means the transfer of heat from a stream at one temperature to a lower temperature stream without any mixing of the stream, such as through the medium of a metal wall separating the two streams in a heat exchanger .
  • Direct cooling means the transfer of heat from a stream at one temperature to a lower temperature stream through direct contact of the two streams in a vessel.
  • Traditional power generation from fossil feedstocks consists of the release of the fossil feedstock chemical energy in the form of heat through its oxidation or combustion with oxygen. The released heat is used to raise steam which may be expanded in an expander or steam turbine to generate shaft power. Because carbon dioxide is the principal non-condensable by-product of the oxidation of a fossil feedstock, this results in a major contribution of carbon dioxide emissions normally released to the atmosphere.
  • Traditional power generation also uses atmospheric air as the normal source of oxygen for the oxidation or combustion process. This means that the very high concentration of nitrogen associated with oxygen in atmospheric air will be mixed with the byproduct carbon dioxide resulting from the oxidation or combustion process.
  • Such a known process may be carried out either at atmospheric pressure or at elevated pressure.
  • the heats of combustion and water condensation are recovered by indirect heat exchange to raise steam to be used to generate shaft power and to substantially condense by indirectly cooling with typically water or air all the steam, thus leaving the residual carbon dioxide to be compressed from sub- atmospheric pressure .
  • the elevated pressure alternative conventionally recovers the heats of combustion and water condensation by a combination of hot expansion of the products of combustion to generate shaft power plus indirect heat exchange to raise steam to be used to generate shaft power and to substantially condense by indirectly cooling with typically water or air all the steam, thus leaving the residual carbon dioxide to be compressed from sub- atmospheric pressure.
  • the hot expander device used to expand the products of combustion to generate power may require cooling for the mechanical parts of the expander. Hitherto such cooling has been provided either by steam or else by recycled carbon dioxide. In both cases the cooling medium must be sufficiently dry to avoid any condensation of water vapour in the expander, particularly if any acid gases are present .
  • the standard steam condenser is two phase as the steam is mixed with a high proportion of non-condensable carbon dioxide.
  • Such two phase condensers are used in the recovery of heat from geologically sourced natural steam and are known as "geothermal condensers" . They are characterised by being larger and therefore more expensive than conventional steam condensers of the same heat load because of the higher volume required to permit effective separation of the steam condensate from the non-condensable gas content .
  • any other water soluble non-condensing contaminants contained in the carbon dioxide, resulting from impurities in the fossil fuel, and particularly any oxides of sulphur, will be partially dissolved in the steam condensate.
  • the condensation of the steam content of the steam/carbon dioxide mixture is effected at an elevated pressure above 1 bar absolute, and preferably between 4 and 15 bars absolute, by heat exchange with a stream of water from which the heat content of the steam is recovered for use in the raising of steam.
  • Preferably direct cooling using a counter-current stream of circulating water is used.
  • This cooling is effected sufficiently to condense out essentially all, i.e. as much as is practically possible, viz. usually at least 90% by volume, of the steam present in the stream.
  • Any non- water soluble non-condensing contaminants such as nitrogen can be left in the carbon dioxide stream as a diluent or separated out if desired.
  • the carbon dioxide and other non-condensing gases are available at a pressure of at least 1 bar absolute and preferably between 4 and 15 bar absolute.
  • steam/carbon dioxide mixture can be extracted before cooling down to the water condensation point, compressed, and recycled for use as a cooling medium for the hot expander used to generate power, as an alternative to steam or recycled carbon dioxide .
  • the carbon dioxide is separated from the steam/carbon dioxide stream in a simple and non- expensive system. 4.
  • the heat of condensation of the steam is recovered at a higher temperature and at a relatively low cost compared to the case when two phase condensers operating at pressures at or below 1 bar absolute are used.
  • Any superheat content that is, the heat content above condensation of the steam and carbon dioxide stream can be recovered by indirect heat exchange down to the saturation/condensation point.
  • Condensation of the stream above 1 bar absolute means that the condensation and separation occurs at a higher temperature than it would be at or below 1 bar absolute. This means that a much higher proportion of sulphur oxides in the steam/carbon dioxide stream resulting from the combustion of sulphur impurities in the fossil feedstock will be present in the non-condensing part of the stream compressed for transportation to storage. If desired, this can be removed from the compressed non-condensing stream using means of scrubbing with a suitable solvent .
  • This flow sheet shows the carbon dioxide/steam separation section of a power generation process in which a fossil feedstock is oxidised to form a pressurised stream of steam and carbon dioxide which is used to produce electric power via shaft power.
  • Stream (5) is taken from the bottom of vessel (11) at 154°C, fed to pump (12) , and then cooled in heat exchanger (13) to 45°C and circulated to the top of vessel (11) to enter above the packing. 79411 kg.mols of surplus water (6) are taken from the water circuit for recycle to the front end of the overall process.
  • the CO 2 stream (2) is scrubbed by water to remove oxides of sulphur in packed vessel (14) leaving the resulting cleaned CO2 stream still at a pressure of greater than 1 bar absolute.
  • Pump (15) circulates the water stream (7) from the bottom of vessel (14) to the top with a concentrate of dissolved acid gases being taken off as stream (8) .
  • the water balance of the circuit is maintained with water stream (9) taken from water stream (6) at 45°C.
  • a side stream can be taken off before heat exchanger (10) and recycled after compression to the hot expander (not shown) from which the stream (1) came to act as a cooling medium for the mechanical parts thereof .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention porte sur la séparation de dioxyde de carbone gazeux à partir d'un courant gazeux pressurisé sensiblement exempt de particules de vapeur d'eau et de dioxyde de carbone, tel que celui généré par l'oxydation d'une charge d'alimentation fossile utilisée dans la génération d'énergie électrique. Ici, le courant est refroidi par un refroidissement direct par l'eau à une pression d'au moins 1 bar absolu pour condenser sensiblement la totalité de la vapeur d'eau dans celui-ci et laisser un courant de dioxyde de carbone à une pression pour la capture ou autre utilisation.
PCT/GB2008/002190 2007-07-04 2008-06-26 Procédé de séparation de dioxyde de carbone pressurisé à partir de vapeur d'eau WO2009004307A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2697235A CA2697235A1 (fr) 2007-07-04 2008-06-26 Procede de separation de dioxyde de carbone pressurise a partir de vapeur d'eau
EP08762496A EP2175964A1 (fr) 2007-07-04 2008-06-26 Procede de separation de dioxyde de carbone pressurise a partir de vapeur d'eau
AU2008272719A AU2008272719A1 (en) 2007-07-04 2008-06-26 Process for the separation of pressurised carbon dioxide from steam

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0712929A GB0712929D0 (en) 2007-07-04 2007-07-04 Process for the separation of pressurised carbon dioxide from steam
GB0712929.9 2007-07-04
GB0800641A GB0800641D0 (en) 2008-01-15 2008-01-15 Process for the separation of pressurized carbon dioxide from steam
GB0800641.3 2008-01-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009004307A1 true WO2009004307A1 (fr) 2009-01-08

Family

ID=39769487

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2008/002190 WO2009004307A1 (fr) 2007-07-04 2008-06-26 Procédé de séparation de dioxyde de carbone pressurisé à partir de vapeur d'eau

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2175964A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2008272719A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2697235A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009004307A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8192530B2 (en) 2007-12-13 2012-06-05 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for regeneration of an absorbent solution
US8864878B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2014-10-21 Alstom Technology Ltd Heat integration of a cement manufacturing plant with an absorption based carbon dioxide capture process
US8911538B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-12-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and system for treating an effluent stream generated by a carbon capture system
US9028654B2 (en) 2012-02-29 2015-05-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of treatment of amine waste water and a system for accomplishing the same
US9101912B2 (en) 2012-11-05 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for regeneration of solid amine CO2 capture beds
US9133407B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2015-09-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Systems and processes for removing volatile degradation products produced in gas purification

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4434613A (en) * 1981-09-02 1984-03-06 General Electric Company Closed cycle gas turbine for gaseous production
DE3501456A1 (de) * 1985-01-17 1986-07-17 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur reduzierung des so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)- gehaltes von gasen
US6148602A (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-11-21 Norther Research & Engineering Corporation Solid-fueled power generation system with carbon dioxide sequestration and method therefor
US20020043064A1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-18 Griffin Timothy Albert Method for operating a power plant
US20020124558A1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-09-12 Dieter Winkler Method and device for producing hot working gases
US20040016237A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2004-01-29 Ovidiu Marin Integrated air separation and oxygen fired power generation system
US20040244381A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-12-09 Bernard Becker Method and device for operating a gas turbine with a fossil-fuel fired combustion chamber
DE102004061729A1 (de) * 2003-12-19 2005-07-14 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur Entschwefelung des CO2-Stromes aus einem CO2-freien Kraftwerk

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK0502596T4 (da) * 1991-03-07 1999-12-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Apparat og fremgangsmåde til fjernelse af carbondioxid fra forbrændingsafgangsgas
JP3814206B2 (ja) * 2002-01-31 2006-08-23 三菱重工業株式会社 二酸化炭素回収プロセスの排熱利用方法

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4434613A (en) * 1981-09-02 1984-03-06 General Electric Company Closed cycle gas turbine for gaseous production
DE3501456A1 (de) * 1985-01-17 1986-07-17 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur reduzierung des so(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)- und no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)- gehaltes von gasen
US6148602A (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-11-21 Norther Research & Engineering Corporation Solid-fueled power generation system with carbon dioxide sequestration and method therefor
US20020043064A1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-18 Griffin Timothy Albert Method for operating a power plant
US20020124558A1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-09-12 Dieter Winkler Method and device for producing hot working gases
US20040016237A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2004-01-29 Ovidiu Marin Integrated air separation and oxygen fired power generation system
US20040244381A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-12-09 Bernard Becker Method and device for operating a gas turbine with a fossil-fuel fired combustion chamber
DE102004061729A1 (de) * 2003-12-19 2005-07-14 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur Entschwefelung des CO2-Stromes aus einem CO2-freien Kraftwerk

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2175964A1 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8192530B2 (en) 2007-12-13 2012-06-05 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for regeneration of an absorbent solution
US9133407B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2015-09-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Systems and processes for removing volatile degradation products produced in gas purification
US8864878B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2014-10-21 Alstom Technology Ltd Heat integration of a cement manufacturing plant with an absorption based carbon dioxide capture process
US8911538B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-12-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and system for treating an effluent stream generated by a carbon capture system
US9028654B2 (en) 2012-02-29 2015-05-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of treatment of amine waste water and a system for accomplishing the same
US9101912B2 (en) 2012-11-05 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for regeneration of solid amine CO2 capture beds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2008272719A1 (en) 2009-01-08
EP2175964A1 (fr) 2010-04-21
CA2697235A1 (fr) 2009-01-08

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