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WO2009068005A2 - Procédé et dispositif de production d'un substrat de fermentation traité fini pour produire du biogaz - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de production d'un substrat de fermentation traité fini pour produire du biogaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009068005A2
WO2009068005A2 PCT/DE2008/001955 DE2008001955W WO2009068005A2 WO 2009068005 A2 WO2009068005 A2 WO 2009068005A2 DE 2008001955 W DE2008001955 W DE 2008001955W WO 2009068005 A2 WO2009068005 A2 WO 2009068005A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fermentation substrate
manure
mixing
straw
mixing device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/001955
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009068005A3 (fr
Inventor
Günter Perske
Original Assignee
Eltaga Licensing Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eltaga Licensing Gmbh filed Critical Eltaga Licensing Gmbh
Publication of WO2009068005A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009068005A2/fr
Publication of WO2009068005A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009068005A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/72—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with helices or sections of helices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/45—Closures or doors specially adapted for mixing receptacles; Operating mechanisms therefor
    • B01F35/451—Closures or doors specially adapted for mixing receptacles; Operating mechanisms therefor by rotating them about an axis parallel to the plane of the opening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a ready-prepared fermentation substrate, which is provided in particular for biogas production in a biogas plant, in which for the treatment of the fermentation substrate organic substances are mixed by a mixing device to obtain a fermentation substrate mixture.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for producing a ready-prepared fermentation substrate, which is provided in particular for biogas production in a biogas plant, with a mixing device which is suitable for the treatment of the fermentation substrate to mix organic substances to obtain a fermentation substrate mixture.
  • the invention relates to a system with a biogas plant.
  • Biogas plant then usually takes place in several mutually coupled chambers of the reactor chamber, the generation of biogas.
  • a reactor space may comprise, for example, a filling chamber and a plurality of intermediate chambers.
  • the device for the production of the finished fermentation Substrate is usually coupled to the filling chamber of the reactor space, wherein a heat exchanger of the biogas plant between the filling chamber and the apparatus for producing the finished fermentation substrate may be arranged to obtain a suitable temperature of the finished fermentation substrate for the production of biogas in the reactor space.
  • anaerobic bacteria In biogas production, anaerobic bacteria are used to decompose organic substances that are no longer associated with the living organism and convert them into gas. Anaerobic bacteria are the last link in the natural cycle and are found everywhere in nature, e.g. in stomachs of ruminants or in the black mud of lakes and bogs. In anaerobic digestion, the facultative methane bacteria and the obligate methane bacteria are to be distinguished first.
  • the organic substances used as raw materials in anaerobic digestion include, for example, organic substances or residual substances from industry, gastronomy, trade, agriculture (manure and solid manure) or renewable raw materials (maize silage, grass silage and other short-shrubs). These organic substances mainly consist of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
  • the optional, optional methane bacteria can also live with oxygen. These take over a first phase of treatment and decompose the organic substances into alcohols, fatty acids and their salts. This first phase of the treatment is referred to as the acid generator phase or hydrolysis. In a second phase, the obligate methane bacteria take over the conversion into
  • This second phase is called the methanation phase.
  • the first and second phases are delayed by about six hours. in which the so-called hydrolysis phase takes place during the first six hours.
  • Biogas plants have the goal of creating an environment for organic fermentation, which enables this organic fermentation to be significantly accelerated.
  • biogas technology in particular in the biogas plants belonging to the state of the art, that in particular the anaerobic processes in these biogas plants do not occur to the intended or desired extent.
  • the composition of the ready-prepared fermentation substrate (fermented mass), hereinafter referred to as substrate is of particular importance in order to favor the anaerobic processes in the biogas plants.
  • the composition of the biogas plant must be taken into account in order to achieve the desired anaerobic processes in the biogas plants. It is generally known that a balanced ratio of carbon and nitrogen (C / N ratio) must be taken into account in connection with the composition of the substrate; Specific details as to which binding, balanced C / N ratio these two substances or chemical elements must have in the substrate have not yet been made. Only inaccurate information indicates that C / N ratios between 10 and 30 are desirable. Furthermore, it was also found in this context that falls below or exceeded these C / N ratios Inhibitions with regard to a bacterial culture are likely to occur.
  • Conventional substrates are produced according to the prior art, for example on the basis of silage maize, a food which is obtained as a chaff at harvest.
  • the inventive method for producing a ready-prepared fermentation substrate is based on the generic state of the art in that the fermentation substrate mixture is at least temporarily arranged before reaching the biogas plant in a room in which with respect to an atmospheric pressure, a negative pressure is generated to the finished processed fermentation substrate receive.
  • Symbiosis in a reactor room biogas plant are suitable. Because by the generation of the negative pressure already in the device according to the invention is achieved, as little as possible oxygen or air in the fermentation process in the biogas plant or to get the reactor space of the biogas plant. The anaerobic symbiosis develops better in the biogas plant and the prerequisites for this are thus at least approximately already with entry into the biogas plant reactor room. With the method according to the invention, any required ready-prepared fermentation substrate can be produced. In this case, for example, pig manure, chicken manure or other organic waste materials can be used.
  • Crucial in this context is the formulation of the fermentation substrate, which is prepared in the inventive method from the fermentation substrate mixture.
  • the method according to the invention can be advantageously developed in such a way that the negative pressure is generated in the mixing device, in which the fermentation substrate mixture is arranged.
  • it is advantageous to carry out the generation of the negative pressure in the mixing device. It requires only minor modifications of
  • a free-fall mixer only one flap is provided for fluid-tight closing of a drum.
  • a suction device with a vacuum pump is preferably provided on this flap, via which a drum interior via holes in the flap can be withdrawn air.
  • the flap may be modified to close a container of the vertical mixer in a fluid-tight manner in the same way as in the case of the free-fall mixer.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that chaff, manure, in particular, are used as organic substances.
  • slurry and solid manure which are mixed by the mixing device to the fermentation substrate mixture.
  • the energy potential from animal excrement in the form of manure and solid manure can also be used, so that it is not necessary to ferment food in biogas plants.
  • Solid manure, especially manure is a mixture of manure and litter with more or less admixture of urine.
  • any type of chaff, especially plant straw, and manure may be used in the method of the invention.
  • manure such as liquid manure and solid manure
  • renewable raw materials such as corn silage, grass silage, cereal grains
  • organic seeds of the processing agricultural industry organic residues from municipalities and slaughter residues, and green waste. and lawn cuts.
  • organic residues from municipalities and slaughter residues organic substances can be used to produce the finished fermentation substrate: manure, such as liquid manure and solid manure, renewable raw materials such as corn silage, grass silage, cereal grains, organic seeds of the processing agricultural industry, organic residues from municipalities and slaughter residues, and green waste. and lawn cuts.
  • manure such as liquid manure and solid manure
  • renewable raw materials such as corn silage, grass silage, cereal grains
  • organic seeds of the processing agricultural industry organic residues from municipalities and slaughter residues
  • green waste. and lawn cuts organic substances that can be used to produce the finished fermentation substrate.
  • Procedures may involve small farms that can deliver solid manure and receive shredded straw.
  • the method according to the invention can be realized such that plant straw is used as chaff, which is mixed with the manure and the solid manure by the mixing device to the fermentation substrate mixture.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly preferably implemented in such a way that the mixing of the organic substances is carried out by means of a free-fall mixer as mixing device.
  • the use of the tumbler mixer is an almost optimal solution. In this tumbler mixer, any desired fermentation substrate mix can be effectively produced; At the same time, it ensures that the liquid supplied in the form of liquid manure is completely bound by solids of the fermentation substrate, such as the solid manure and the straw chaff, and that the air in the solids escapes.
  • the air collects in the closed drum of the tumbler, the pressure inside the drum is reduced by a normally rotating vacuum pump to 913 mbar, which is preferably attached to the flap or the lid of the tumbler.
  • the ready-mixed and ready-prepared fermentation substrate corresponds to the mixture prepared according to the recipe and is preferably supplied volume-controlled to a closed eccentric screw pump, which conveys the recipe-prepared and ready-prepared fermentation substrate into, for example, a biogas plant upstream heat exchanger.
  • the resulting substrate preferably has a pH of 7.4 and preferably comprises 7% by weight of straw and 93% by weight of bovine manure.
  • a pig slurry digestate of pH 7.6 may also be produced which comprises 15% by weight of straw and 85% by weight of pig manure.
  • the fermentation substrate mixture may further consist of several and different animal excrements, in particular solid manure, and straw. The mixing always takes place according to at least the criteria of the pH value and at least according to certain requirements of the C / N ratio.
  • the method according to the invention can also be designed such that the mixing of the organic substances is performed by a vertical mixer as a mixing device.
  • the method according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the mixing of the organic substances by the free fall mixer takes place under a single slurry feed. This represents a significant advantage over other mixers for mixing fermentation substrate mixtures, because due to the nature of the free fall mixer is only once liquid manure to supply the organic substances that can be almost completely absorbed by the free fall mixer in solids of organic matter.
  • the method according to the invention may be provided to further develop the method according to the invention in such a way that the mixing of the organic substances takes place by means of the vertical mixer under repeated, temporally spaced liquid manure feed.
  • straw chopper made of round straw bales and / or square bales is initially accompanied by a straw shredder with electric drive a diameter up to 1.5 m or produced with appropriate edge length.
  • a chop length of 10mm, 12mm or 18 mm is particularly preferred, but this is not necessarily required.
  • the straw chop is then blown directly from the straw shredder into the vertical mixer and charged with low-viscosity liquid manure. This process is controlled by means of a weighing device provided on the vertical mixer and controlled so that a mixing ratio of manure / solid manure to straw is 62% to 7.3% (data in percent by weight).
  • the resulting manure / solid manure / straw chaff mixture then has a dry matter content of about 41.5% and is not yet pumpable.
  • This solid mixture is referred to in this description as a mixture of the treatment stage I or quality grade I. It then enters a rotting, which takes place aerobically, which inevitably results in a self-heating phase. This begins after a few hours from the generation of the mixture of the treatment stage I and can reach in one day a temperature of 40 0 C and more. The temperature in the
  • This fermentation substrate mixture which in particular is still partly a solid mixture, is referred to in this description as a mixture of the preparation stage II or the quality grade II.
  • the fermentation substrate mixture is well aerated and begins in the resting phase after about 4 to 6 hours a new heat phase. When reaching 35 0 C, this will also Heating stopped by re-adding fresh manure.
  • the fermentation substrate now reaches a dry matter content of 22%.
  • the well-mixed fermentation substrate in the vertical mixer is referred to in this description as a mixture of the treatment stage III or quality level III.
  • the mixture of quality grade III is completed on the 5th day, at the latest after reaching 35 ° C.
  • This substrate preparation in three quality levels or in three steps is required for technical reasons which have resulted from tests and are particularly effective for producing a suitable fermentation substrate , Because the mixture via the vertical mixer is suitable only feasible if the supplied amount of liquid or liquid manure is also completely bound by the solids in the fermentation substrate mixture, ie of solid manure and straw. Vertical mixers are usually suitable only for solids. The mixing in of liquids is only possible step by step and only works in several steps. If too much liquid is added, the result is that the liquid would seep to the bottom and would be difficult to detect by mixing technology. Thus, the process according to the invention realizes a cost-effective preparation process by efficient comminution of straw into a fermentable substrate having an optimum settling surface for anaerobic bacteria.
  • the method according to the invention is realized in such a way that the negative pressure is generated by a suction device provided on the mixing device.
  • the device according to the invention for the production of a ready-prepared fermentation substrate builds on the generic that the fermentation substrate mixture is at least temporarily arranged before reaching the biogas plant in a space in which with respect to an atmospheric pressure, a negative pressure can be generated to obtain the ready-prepared fermentation substrate.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be further developed in such a way that the mixing device comprises the space which serves to mix the organic substances and in which the negative pressure can be generated.
  • the device according to the invention can be designed such that the organic substances are chaff, manure, in particular low-viscosity manure, and solid manure.
  • the device according to the invention can also be realized so that the chaff is plant straw.
  • the device according to the invention is realized in such a way that the mixing device is formed by a free-fall mixer.
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed so that the mixing device is formed by a vertical mixer.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably realized in such a way that the free-fall mixer is suitable for carrying out a single manure feed via a slurry supply line.
  • the device according to the invention can also be further developed in such a way that the vertical mixer is suitable for making a multiple, time-spaced manure supply via a slurry supply line.
  • the device according to the invention is developed such that a suction device provided on the mixing device is provided, via which the negative pressure can be generated.
  • the system according to the invention with a biogas plant is distinguished by the fact that the biogas plant can be supplied with a ready-prepared fermentation substrate produced by the process according to the invention and / or by the device according to the invention.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained below by way of example with reference to FIGS.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for the production of a fermentation substrate in a side view, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention of Figure 1 in a plan view
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention for producing a fermentation substrate in a plan view, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention for producing a fermentation substrate in a side view, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention of Figure 4 in a further side view.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention of Figure 4 in a plan view.
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention for the production of a ready-prepared fermentation substrate in a side view, which is suitable for carrying out the inventive method.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the device 10 according to the invention from FIG. 1 in a plan view.
  • the device 10 for producing a ready-prepared fermentation substrate comprises in this embodiment a free-fall mixer 12, which is designed in the manner of a known concrete mixer with a rotatable drum (drum mixer). In particular, it is a stationary concrete mixer in the size classes of 6 m 3 to 15 m 3 nominal filling.
  • the free-fall mixer comprises, in particular, the rotatable drum, shown only schematically, whose inlet and outlet openings can be pivoted.
  • the drum can be pivoted into a feed and discharge position in such a way that the fermentation substrate can be supplied to it via the inlet and outlet opening.
  • the drum can be pivoted into a mixing position, in which the actual mixing process explained in more detail below takes place.
  • mostly obliquely positioned blades are mounted within the drum wall, which can raise in mixed positioning the supplied fermentation substrate, which then falls by gravity back down.
  • the blades convey the fermentation substrate to the inlet and outlet openings and, together with the displacement of the drum into the feed and discharge positions, the drum is emptied.
  • the free-fall mixer 12 can furthermore be closed by a hydraulically sealing or fluid-sealing flap which is suitable for opening and closing the inlet and outlet openings of the drum.
  • the free fall shear 12 modified so that is connected by opening into the drum suction on the full closure flap or the flap a normally rotating vacuum pump.
  • a transfer funnel 14 is arranged, into which a straw blower line 16 for feeding crushed straw (straw chop) and a Frischgüllezu Glasslei- device 18 for supplying fresh manure into the transfer funnel 14.
  • a conveyor 20 is provided with a conveyor belt which terminates at one end portion at an upper edge of the transfer hopper 14 and extends with the other end portion in a hopper 22 for storage of solid manure.
  • a discharging line which leads into the transfer container bottom or transfer container bottom is provided, via which the ready-prepared fermentation substrate can be discharged into a heat exchanger of a biogas plant of no further interest by means of an eccentric screw pump 24.
  • the inventive method for producing the ready-prepared fermentation substrate using the device 10 according to the invention is as follows.
  • straw chaff and animal excreta in the form of solid manure and low-viscosity güls are used for the production of the fermentation substrate in this embodiment.
  • other organic substances for mixing are also conceivable.
  • shredded straw or straw chaff is blown into the free-fall mixer 12 via the straw blower line 16. It can do that Straw chop, for example, from a straw shredder, not shown, with electric drive and be blown through a fan in the straw blower line 16, which feeds the straw chaff the free fall mixer 12.
  • round straw bales having a diameter of up to 1.5 m and / or square bales are used in the production of the straw chop and shredded such that the straw chop length is approximately 10-25 mm, preferably 10 mm, 12 mm or 18 mm.
  • the shredded material is thus blown directly from the straw shredder via the straw blower line 16 in the free fall mixer 12, wherein almost simultaneously or shortly delayed an admission of fresh manure via the Frischgüllezu slaughtertechnisch 18 and a promotion of solid manure via the conveyor 20 takes place.
  • the free-fall mixer is operated to mix the organic substances in the drum and moved into its mixing position.
  • This feeding operation of the organic matters is controlled by, for example, a weighing device provided on the tumbler mixer 12 and controlled so that a desired mixing ratio of manure / solid manure to straw chopper can be adjusted.
  • a metering of the individual substrate components namely the filling of the drum of the tumbler mixer with straw by weight and with liquid manure can be carried out by flow rate.
  • the delivery of solid manure can also be adjusted via the conveyor 20.
  • a corresponding emptying of the drum can be done via a speed control of the eccentric screw pump.
  • a level measurement in the drum or in the transfer container can be made.
  • any desired substrate mixture can be effectively produced, while at the same time ensuring that the supplied fresh manure from the fixed Substances, such as solid manure and the straw chaff, is completely bound and the air in the solids escapes. This is followed by a short mixing phase in which the liquid is completely bound by the solids. Subsequently, the flap of the drum is closed and there is a suction by means of a fluidly coupled to the drum rotating vacuum pump. As a result, the anaerobic phase of the fermentation substrate is initiated.
  • the ready-mixed substrate corresponds to the desired substrate mixture of substrate, the drum is opened via the flap, the direction of rotation of the drum is set to empty the drum and the fermentation substrate mixture is supplied via the transfer funnel 14 to the eccentric screw pump 24, which supplies the desired fermentation substrate mixture. tion in the biogas plant, which is not of further interest, which conveys upstream heat exchangers.
  • the resulting treated fermentation substrate then has a pH of 7.4 and consists of 7% by weight straw and 93% by weight slurry / solid manure; Bovine manure is preferably used.
  • the fermentation substrate can also be made from pig manure, which has a pH of 7.6, the substrate then consists of 15 percent by weight of straw and 85 percent by weight pig manure / solid manure.
  • the substrate mixture can also consist of several and different animal excrements as well as of solid manure and straw. The mixing always takes place according to the predetermined conditions of the pH and according to the specific desired C / N ratio.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention for the production of a fermentation substrate in a plan view, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises two free-fall mixers 12, whereby a straw shredder 26 can supply straw chaffs to the two free-fall mixers 12 via a blower 28 and a straw blower line 16.
  • a branch is provided in the straw blower line 16, at which the straw blower line 16 branches off to the two free-fall mixers 12.
  • a fluidic switch is provided at the junction, via which the supply of the straw chaff to the two free-fall mixers can be adjusted.
  • a Frischgüllezu111 Arthur 18 is provided, which also has a branch analogous to the straw blower line 16, at which the Frischgüllezu slaughterfish 18 branches to the two free-fall mixers 12, whereby both free fall mixer 12 can be acted upon with liquid manure.
  • a discharge chute or a filling device 14 is provided analogously to the transfer container 14 of the first exemplary embodiment, via which the fermentation substrate mixture can be supplied by the free-fall mixers 12 of an eccentric screw pump 24 in order to feed the fermentation substrate mixture via a line 30 to a heat exchanger of the biogas plant of no further interest .
  • the inventive method can be carried out in the second embodiment, mutatis mutandis, as in the first embodiment, only with the difference that two free-fall mixer must be filled and emptied sen to achieve the finished processed fermentation substrate in the desired Gärsubstratmenge.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a third exemplary embodiment of the apparatus 100 according to the invention for producing a ready-made fermentation substrate in a side view, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the device 100 according to the invention from FIG. 4 in a further side view
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the device 100 according to the invention from FIG. 4 in a plan view.
  • the device 100 according to the invention comprises at least one vertical mixer 112 known from the prior art, in particular two vertical mixers 112 with, for example, two mixing screws or vertical mixing screws 136, wherein the vertical mixers 112 are, however, modified in a specific manner, as shown by way of example below the vertical mixer 112 will be explained.
  • the vertical mixer 112 includes a container 138 and a hinged modified cap 134 having two vents 133 and a suction port 132 to which, for example, a vacuum pump (not shown) may be connected to create a vacuum in the vertical mixer 112, particularly in the container 138 to be able to, in particular to 913mbar.
  • a vacuum pump (not shown) may be connected to create a vacuum in the vertical mixer 112, particularly in the container 138 to be able to, in particular to 913mbar.
  • the suction port 132 and the vacuum pump at least partially form a suction device.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a straw shredder 126 with a fan, via which straw chaff can be fed to the vertical mixer 112 or to both vertical mixers 112 via a straw blower unit 116.
  • the straw chop is at an upper edge of the vertical mixer 112 partially forming container 138 which can be closed via the cover 134, fed via the straw blower line 116.
  • a slurry feed line 118 is provided, via which fresh liquid manure can also be fed to the container 138 of the vertical mixer 112 at the upper edge of the container.
  • a seal between the lid 134 and the container 138 is made with appropriate seals.
  • the jacket heating is arranged on the outer jacket of the container 138 and is formed by heating pipes for low-temperature heating, which are protected by insulation.
  • the above-mentioned ventilation openings 133 for venting the container 138 are provided in the lid 134 of the vertical mixer 112, which can be opened and closed via a valve by means of a ball valve and in particular are opened when blowing straw chop.
  • the container 138 of the vertical mixer 112 is coupled to a screw conveyor, in particular a transverse screw conveyor 124, via which the fermenting substrate mixture from the container 138 by means provided in the container 138 longitudinal screw conveyors 140 is fed to a not further interest further Gärsubstratmischer a biogas plant.
  • the vertical mixer 112, the transverse screw conveyor 124 and the further mixer of no interest are preferably located in an air-conditioned room with corresponding inlet and outlet air.
  • the device 100 is emission-free, as the extracted air is passed through the suction port 132 via a filter that prevents both odor and particulate matter emissions.
  • the two vertical mixers 112 are equipped with a programmable weighing device (not shown).
  • the device 100 according to the invention is adapted with regard to its plant size to the respectively required in the fermentation process Gärsubstratmengen and may for example comprise contents of 12 m 3 to 60 m 3 and greater.
  • the inventive method for the production of fermentation substrates in particular from straw chaff, manure and animal excrement in the form of solid manure, designed as follows.
  • the straw shredder 126 is operated via an electric drive, so that the straw chaff is supplied to the container 138 of the vertical mixer 112 via the straw blower line 116.
  • the straw chop is produced in particular from round bales and / or square bales with a diameter of up to 1.5 m or a corresponding edge length.
  • a shred length of shredded straw chopped straw is between 5mm and 25mm, more preferably 10mm, 12mm, 18mm.
  • the straw chop is thus directly from the straw shredder 126 into the container 138 of the vertical mixer 112, which may be formed in particular as a large-capacity container, blown and charged with thin liquid fresh manure on the Frischgüllezuschreibtechnisch 118.
  • solid manure is fed via a conveyor, not shown, supplied during the supply of the fresh manure and the straw chaff and the vertical mixer 112 is operated briefly.
  • the feeding process is controlled by a weighing device and controlled so that a mixing ratio of manure / solid manure to straw 62% to 7.3% (in weight percent). Due to the fact that the manure / solid manure / straw mixture has a dry matter content of 41.5%, it is not yet pumpable.
  • This mixture is referred to below as the mixture of the preparation stage I or quality level I.
  • a ventilation of the container 138 is carried out with further operation of the vertical mixer 112 for mixing, so that a rotting of the mixture of the treatment stage I can take place aerobically.
  • This inevitably initiates a self-heating phase. This begins already after a few hours from preparation of the mixture of the treatment stage I and can reach in one day a temperature of 40 0 C and more.
  • the temperature in the mixture of the treatment stage I is detected for example via a temperature sensor, wherein upon reaching 35 0 C, a further increase in temperature is prevented by further supply of fresh manure, while at the same time the vertical mixer 112 is operated.
  • the added fresh manure is precisely defined and reduces the dry substance content to 31%.
  • This mixture is referred to below as a mixture of the treatment stage II or the quality level II.
  • the mixture of the treatment stage II is well aerated, after a rest period of about 4 to 6 hours, a new self-heating phase begins.
  • a mixture temperature of 35 0 C another mixture heating is prevented again by re-feeding of fresh manure.
  • the redefined feeding of the fresh manure results in a dry matter content of about 22%.
  • the operation of the vertical mixer 112 for mixing the Gärsubstratge- mix takes place.
  • the resulting mixture is subsequently classified as a mixture of Preparation Stage III or Qualification level III.
  • the mixture of the processing stage III is achieved in about 5 days, at the latest after reaching 35 0 C.
  • the longitudinal conveyor screws 140 and a transverse conveyor screw of the transverse screw conveyor 124 are operated in order to feed the finished processed fermentation substrate to the biogas plant which is of no further interest.
  • the fermentation substrate mixture is generated by alternately supplying straw chaff and slurry and solid manure in a container quasi "in layers" and can be dispensed with mixing by means of blades as in the free fall mixer and by means of the mixing screw as in the vertical mixer , Otherwise, the third can be
  • Free-fall mixers 14 transfer containers or transfer funnels

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'un substrat de fermentation traité fini qui est notamment utilisé pour produire du biogaz dans une installation à biogaz. Selon le procédé, pour préparer le substrat de fermentation, des matières organiques sont mélangées par un dispositif de mélange (12; 112) afin d'obtenir un mélange de substrat de fermentation. Selon l'invention, avant d'atteindre l'installation à biogaz, le mélange de substrat de fermentation est placé au moins temporairement dans une chambre dans laquelle une dépression est créée par rapport à une pression atmosphérique, afin d'obtenir le substrat de fermentation traité fini. L'invention concerne également un dispositif correspondant pour produire un substrat de fermentation traité fini. En outre, l'invention concerne un système comprenant une installation à biogaz.
PCT/DE2008/001955 2007-11-26 2008-11-25 Procédé et dispositif de production d'un substrat de fermentation traité fini pour produire du biogaz WO2009068005A2 (fr)

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DE102007056840.3 2007-11-26
DE102007056840A DE102007056840A1 (de) 2007-11-26 2007-11-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines fertig aufbereiteten Gärsubstrats zur Biogaserzeugung

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CN110684808A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-01-14 湖北正江环保科技有限公司 利用水稻秸秆与农家肥田间混合发酵产生物甲烷的方法

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CN104826855A (zh) * 2015-05-08 2015-08-12 江苏省农业科学院 一种对厌氧发酵的秸秆进行预处理的方法

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DE3049302C2 (de) * 1980-12-29 1984-06-14 Armjanskij naučno-issledovatel'skij institut mechanizacii i elektrifikacii sel'skogo chozjajstva, Erevan Verfahren zur Verwertung von Lebenstätigkeitsprodukten von Tieren und Anlage zur Ausführung desselben
DE19724012C2 (de) * 1997-06-08 2002-08-01 Joerg Reichmann Verfahren und Anlage zur Nutzung von Biomassen
DE10142906A1 (de) * 2001-09-03 2003-03-20 Rudolf Hartmann Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Restmüll und Restmüllaufbereitungsanlage
SE520923C2 (sv) * 2002-01-09 2003-09-16 Envac Centralsug Ab Metod och system för omhändertagande av köksavfall
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RU2242443C2 (ru) * 2003-02-25 2004-12-20 Андрюхин Тимофей Яковлевич Способ приготовления сухих и полужидких обеззараженных органических удобрений из навоза и экскрементов животных и птицы и устройство для его осуществления
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DE502005005523D1 (de) * 2005-02-28 2008-11-13 Beckmann Stefan Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Lebensmittelresten und/oder Produktabfällen für eine Entsorgung sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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CN110684808A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-01-14 湖北正江环保科技有限公司 利用水稻秸秆与农家肥田间混合发酵产生物甲烷的方法

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