WO2009064209A1 - A microstrip sector antenna and a method of increasing a main lobe width thereof - Google Patents
A microstrip sector antenna and a method of increasing a main lobe width thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009064209A1 WO2009064209A1 PCT/PL2008/000083 PL2008000083W WO2009064209A1 WO 2009064209 A1 WO2009064209 A1 WO 2009064209A1 PL 2008000083 W PL2008000083 W PL 2008000083W WO 2009064209 A1 WO2009064209 A1 WO 2009064209A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- microstrip
- dielectric layer
- dielectric
- width
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Definitions
- the invention relates to a microstrip sector antenna comprising a metal microstrip structure formed by interconnected radiating elements, underneath of which a first dielectric layer and a metal grounded layer are disposed, as well as a method of increasing a width of a main lobe of power directional characteristic of radiation of such an antenna.
- microstrip sector antennas are known from the state of art having many different arrangements of radiating elements and different main lobe widths.
- This width is usually defined as an angle between points of main lobe of an antenna where the intensity of electromagnetic field is decreased by 3 dB with respect to the maximum field intensity considered as a reference level.
- This angle is also called Half Power Beam Width (HPBW).
- HPBW Half Power Beam Width
- the most popular microstrip sector antennas are those having HPBW of 90 and 120°, wherein factual widths of such antennas amount respectively about 85 and 115°.
- Exemplary characteristic of a microstrip sector antenna known from the state of art belonging to the class of 90-degree antennas is depicted in Fig. 3. As shown, factual HPBW value of such an antenna amounts about 78°.
- a dielectric cover is provided over the antenna substrate at a prescribed interval d set to be in a range from 0.406 to 0.445 of antenna wavelength ( ⁇ o).
- the dielectric cover protects the antenna substrate from direct rays, rain or snow.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a sector microstrip antenna allowing for increasing a width of a main lobe of power directional characteristic of radiation of the antenna, in particular a microstrip antenna having a microstrip structure designed for 90-degree antenna, which would allow substantial increase of the HPBW of such antenna.
- a microstrip sector antenna of the kind mentioned in the outset wherein over the microstrip structure in a distance of between 0.04 and 0.4 of the antenna wavelength, a second dielectric layer is disposed.
- additional dielectric layer allow to substantially increase the HPBW of such an antenna by simple means and common materials.
- the invention enables to increase a main lobe width of a plain 90-degree antenna to about 120° by simple add-on of the second dielectric layer.
- antenna wavelength ( ⁇ o) denotes the electromagnetic wavelength in a free space corresponding to working frequency (fo) of the antenna.
- antenna wavelength amounts about 55 mm.
- the width of the second dielectric layer is at least twice as large as the width of the microstrip structure. This enables additional increase of the main lobe width.
- the width of the microstrip structure means the width between the outer edges of the uttermost radiating elements of the structure.
- the second dielectric layer comprises at least one dielectric substrate, preferably a solid dielectric and more preferably laminate made on the basis of epoxy glass which is inexpensive and commonly available material.
- the second dielectric layer forms a part of a housing of an antenna.
- a method of increasing a width of a radiation main lobe of such a microstrip sector antenna which comprises the step of disposing a second dielectric layer over the microstrip structure in a distance of between 0.04 to 0.4 of the antenna wavelength.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the first embodiment of a sector antenna according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the second embodiment of a sector antenna according to the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a characteristic of electromagnetic field of radiation of an antenna known from the prior art, the construction of which is similar to the construction of the antenna presented in Fig. 1 but without the second dielectric layer
- Fig. 4 shows a characteristic of electromagnetic field of radiation of the first embodiment of an antenna shown in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1 shows the first exemplary embodiment of a microstrip sector antenna 1 according to the invention.
- the main radiating structure of the microstrip antenna 1 is a microstrip structure 3 printed on a rectangular dielectric substrate 6 made of epoxy glass laminate, underneath of which a metal grounded layer 2 is disposed in parallel to the structure 3.
- a metal grounded layer 2 is disposed in parallel to the structure 3.
- the microstrip structure 3 is comprised of six collinear and identical rhomboidal radiating elements 4 interconnected by means of a set of conductive paths 5.
- the shapes, dimensions and spatial distribution of particular radiating elements and an arrangement of conductive paths connecting these elements were appropriately chosen in order to obtain desired operational parameters of the antenna.
- the ground layer 2 is separated from the microstrip antenna 3 by the first dielectric layer 7 having a width (d) amounting 3.08 mm and comprising an air layer and a dielectric substrate layer 6.
- a socket 8 and a metal pin 9 are connected to the microstrip structure 3.
- the pin 9 galvanically connects the microstrip structure 3 with the grounded plate 2.
- a sending or receiving cable should be connected to the socket 8 and to the grounded plate 2, in order to send or receive an electrical signal.
- an additional second dielectric layer 10 of a thickness (G) is disposed.
- the layer 10 is oriented in parallel to the structure 3 and in the presented embodiment it has a form of a single plate 11 made of a solid dielectric.
- a precise choice of a distance (D) for the second dielectric layer 10, its thickness (G), dielectric constant ( ⁇ r ), dielectric loss angle ( ⁇ ) and other system parameters and interactions between them depend on the antenna wavelength ( ⁇ 0 ) and the desired degree of increase of a main lobe width of an antenna (HBPW).
- the second dielectric layer may be for example glued to the dielectric plate 6 or to a housing of an antenna (not shown) by means of suitable two-sided adhesive tape, providing appropriate distance (D) between the layer 10 and the microstrip structure 3 is ensured.
- the second layer may also constitute a part of an appropriately formed housing of an antenna.
- First example depicts a prior art antenna (without the second dielectric layer 10)
- examples 2-5 represent antennas, in which the second dielectric layer 10 has a form of a single dielectric plate made of laminate featuring dielectric loss angle ⁇ amounting 0.002 and dielectric constant ⁇ r amounting 3.3 as produced by Rogers Corporation
- examples 6-11 relate to antennas, in which the second dielectric layer 10 has a form of a single dielectric plate made of glass-epoxy laminate FR4 featuring dielectric loss angle ⁇ amounting 0.002 and dielectric constant ⁇ r amounting 4.3 as produced by lsola GmbH.
- Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the microstrip antenna 1'. Reference numerals of the corresponding elements remain the same as on Fig. 1.
- the thickness W of the second dielectric layer 10 amounts 66.5 mm and is more than twice as large as the width s of the microstrip structure 3 between outer edges of the uttermost radiating elements 4 that amounts 26.5 mm.
- FIG. 3 and Fig. 4 show fragments of power directional characteristics determined in the plane of magnetic field strength vector (H). Angle "theta” is measured from the point for which magnetic field strength reaches its maximum.
- the characteristic depicted in Fig. 3 was obtained for an antenna known from the prior art (Example 1 from Table 1), while the characteristic of Fig. 4 was obtained for antenna according to Example 9.
- the angle measured between the points of intersection of a characteristic with the X-axis (-3 dB) corresponds to a width of a main lobe (i.e. to a HBPW value).
- the width of the radiation lobe of the antenna without the second dielectric layer amounts about 78°. Whereas after setting up the second dielectric layer the width of the radiation lobe of the antenna is increased to about 119°.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a microstrip sector antenna (1) comprising a metal microstrip structure (3) formed by interconnected radiating elements (4), underneath of which a first dielectric layer (7) and a metal grounded layer (2) are disposed. In order to increase the Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) of such antenna, in particular antenna having the microstrip structure designed for 90-degree antenna, over the microstrip structure (3) in a distance (D) of between 0.04 to 0.4 of the antenna wavelength (λo) a second dielectric layer (10) is disposed. Said dielectric layer (10) preferably comprises at least one dielectric substrate (11), preferably laminate made on the basis of epoxy glass, and preferably is a part of a housing of the antenna (1).
Description
A microstrip sector antenna and a method of increasing a main lobe width thereof
The invention relates to a microstrip sector antenna comprising a metal microstrip structure formed by interconnected radiating elements, underneath of which a first dielectric layer and a metal grounded layer are disposed, as well as a method of increasing a width of a main lobe of power directional characteristic of radiation of such an antenna.
Various microstrip sector antennas are known from the state of art having many different arrangements of radiating elements and different main lobe widths. This width is usually defined as an angle between points of main lobe of an antenna where the intensity of electromagnetic field is decreased by 3 dB with respect to the maximum field intensity considered as a reference level. This angle is also called Half Power Beam Width (HPBW). The most popular microstrip sector antennas are those having HPBW of 90 and 120°, wherein factual widths of such antennas amount respectively about 85 and 115°. Exemplary characteristic of a microstrip sector antenna known from the state of art belonging to the class of 90-degree antennas is depicted in Fig. 3. As shown, factual HPBW value of such an antenna amounts about 78°.
Design of an appropriate structure of radiating elements allowing for constructing microstrip sector antenna having excellent working parameters requires both a high amount of creative effort as well as thorough technical knowledge. Relatively simplest to design are 90-degree antennas, having radiating microstrip structure consisting of one column of identical radiating patches, usually in a form of polygons or circles. In case of 120-degree antennas, the microstrip structure is usually much more complicated and commonly consists of at least three columns of radiating patches, where each column is supplied from one common socket while currents of each column are shifted in phases with respect to each other.
One of commonly used methods of designing 120-degree antennas involves redesigning 90-degree antennas, which mainly relies on multiplying a number of columns of radiating patches while simultaneously taking into account the impact of
such multiplication to electromagnetic parameters of such radiating arrangement. Though this method is simpler than designing new 120-degree antenna from scratch, nevertheless due to relatively complicated topology of microstrip structure it also requires from a qualified designer to put a lot of creative effort in the process. Japanese patent application JP 2004242070 discloses a sector microstrip antenna having a ground substrate provided beneath an antenna substrate. On the top surface of the ground substrate, a plurality of antenna elements are spaced at prescribed intervals. Antenna elements employed are, for example, circular or rectangular patch elements. In order to lower a side lobe level of antenna radiation characteristic and ensure good short range communication between antennas even when the antenna is covered, a dielectric cover is provided over the antenna substrate at a prescribed interval d set to be in a range from 0.406 to 0.445 of antenna wavelength (λo). The dielectric cover protects the antenna substrate from direct rays, rain or snow. The object of the present invention is to provide a sector microstrip antenna allowing for increasing a width of a main lobe of power directional characteristic of radiation of the antenna, in particular a microstrip antenna having a microstrip structure designed for 90-degree antenna, which would allow substantial increase of the HPBW of such antenna. According to the invention there is provided a microstrip sector antenna of the kind mentioned in the outset, wherein over the microstrip structure in a distance of between 0.04 and 0.4 of the antenna wavelength, a second dielectric layer is disposed.
It has been unexpectedly discovered that additional dielectric layer allow to substantially increase the HPBW of such an antenna by simple means and common materials. In particular the invention enables to increase a main lobe width of a plain 90-degree antenna to about 120° by simple add-on of the second dielectric layer.
The term antenna wavelength (λo) according to the invention denotes the electromagnetic wavelength in a free space corresponding to working frequency (fo) of the antenna. For example for a sector antenna having working frequency of 5.5 GHz, antenna wavelength amounts about 55 mm.
Preferably the width of the second dielectric layer is at least twice as large as the width of the microstrip structure. This enables additional increase of the main lobe width.
It should be noted here that according to the invention the width of the microstrip structure means the width between the outer edges of the uttermost radiating elements of the structure.
It is advantageous if the second dielectric layer comprises at least one dielectric substrate, preferably a solid dielectric and more preferably laminate made on the basis of epoxy glass which is inexpensive and commonly available material. According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention the second dielectric layer forms a part of a housing of an antenna.
According to the invention there is also provided a method of increasing a width of a radiation main lobe of such a microstrip sector antenna which comprises the step of disposing a second dielectric layer over the microstrip structure in a distance of between 0.04 to 0.4 of the antenna wavelength.
The invention is illustrated below exemplary with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof and with reference to the attached drawings on which: Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the first embodiment of a sector antenna according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the second embodiment of a sector antenna according to the invention,
Fig. 3 shows a characteristic of electromagnetic field of radiation of an antenna known from the prior art, the construction of which is similar to the construction of the antenna presented in Fig. 1 but without the second dielectric layer, Fig. 4 shows a characteristic of electromagnetic field of radiation of the first embodiment of an antenna shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows the first exemplary embodiment of a microstrip sector antenna 1 according to the invention. The main radiating structure of the microstrip antenna 1 is a microstrip structure 3 printed on a rectangular dielectric substrate 6 made of epoxy glass laminate, underneath of which a metal grounded layer 2 is disposed in parallel to the structure 3.
- A -
In this embodiment the microstrip structure 3 is comprised of six collinear and identical rhomboidal radiating elements 4 interconnected by means of a set of conductive paths 5. The shapes, dimensions and spatial distribution of particular radiating elements and an arrangement of conductive paths connecting these elements were appropriately chosen in order to obtain desired operational parameters of the antenna.
The ground layer 2 is separated from the microstrip antenna 3 by the first dielectric layer 7 having a width (d) amounting 3.08 mm and comprising an air layer and a dielectric substrate layer 6. A socket 8 and a metal pin 9 are connected to the microstrip structure 3. The pin 9 galvanically connects the microstrip structure 3 with the grounded plate 2. A sending or receiving cable (not shown in the drawing) should be connected to the socket 8 and to the grounded plate 2, in order to send or receive an electrical signal.
Over the microstrip structure 3 in a distance (D) an additional second dielectric layer 10 of a thickness (G) is disposed. The layer 10 is oriented in parallel to the structure 3 and in the presented embodiment it has a form of a single plate 11 made of a solid dielectric.
A precise choice of a distance (D) for the second dielectric layer 10, its thickness (G), dielectric constant (εr), dielectric loss angle (δ) and other system parameters and interactions between them depend on the antenna wavelength (λ0) and the desired degree of increase of a main lobe width of an antenna (HBPW).
Though some constructional details, such as for example details of fixing of the second dielectric layer 10, are not visualized in the figures, it shall be obvious for a skilled technician that any appropriate fixing structure not affecting antenna electromagnetic parameters may be used according to the invention. The second dielectric layer may be for example glued to the dielectric plate 6 or to a housing of an antenna (not shown) by means of suitable two-sided adhesive tape, providing appropriate distance (D) between the layer 10 and the microstrip structure 3 is ensured. The second layer may also constitute a part of an appropriately formed housing of an antenna.
The main constructional parameters of exemplary sector antennas shown in Fig. 1 (the thickness (G) of dielectric layer, the distance (D) between dielectric layer and microstrip structure) and HBPW values achieved for these antennas are listed below in Table 1 for the antennas of the operating frequency fo amounting 5.5 GHz (λo = 54.51 mm). First example depicts a prior art antenna (without the second dielectric layer 10), examples 2-5 represent antennas, in which the second dielectric layer 10 has a form of a single dielectric plate made of laminate featuring dielectric loss angle δ amounting 0.002 and dielectric constant εr amounting 3.3 as produced by Rogers Corporation, while examples 6-11 relate to antennas, in which the second dielectric layer 10 has a form of a single dielectric plate made of glass-epoxy laminate FR4 featuring dielectric loss angle δ amounting 0.002 and dielectric constant εr amounting 4.3 as produced by lsola GmbH.
Table 1 - Parameters of exemplary antennas according to the present invention
As shown in the table above, employing dielectric substrate of 1.5 mm thickness yields a substantial increase of HPBW to about 105° (Examples 2 and 7), while employing thicker dielectric substrate (Examples 5 and 9) allows to account such an antenna to the class of 120-degree antennas.
Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the microstrip antenna 1'. Reference numerals of the corresponding elements remain the same as on Fig. 1. In this embodiment the thickness W of the second dielectric layer 10 amounts 66.5 mm and is more than twice as large as the width s of the microstrip structure 3 between outer edges of the uttermost radiating elements 4 that amounts 26.5 mm.
A comparison of an influence of the second dielectric layer on the width of a main radiation lobe of an antenna is illustrated on the basis of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 that show fragments of power directional characteristics determined in the plane of magnetic field strength vector (H). Angle "theta" is measured from the point for which magnetic field strength reaches its maximum. The characteristic depicted in Fig. 3 was obtained for an antenna known from the prior art (Example 1 from Table 1), while the characteristic of Fig. 4 was obtained for antenna according to Example 9. The angle measured between the points of intersection of a characteristic with the X-axis (-3 dB) corresponds to a width of a main lobe (i.e. to a HBPW value). As shown on the drawing the width of the radiation lobe of the antenna without the second dielectric layer amounts about 78°. Whereas after setting up the second dielectric layer the width of the radiation lobe of the antenna is increased to about 119°.
The embodiments above should not be, by any means, considered as exhaustive and/or limiting the invention, the spirit of which is characterised in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A microstrip sector antenna comprising a metal microstrip structure formed by interconnected radiating elements, underneath of which a first dielectric layer and a metal grounded layer are disposed, characterised in that, over the microstrip structure (3) in a distance (D) of between 0.04 and 0.4 of the antenna wavelength (λo) a second dielectric layer (10) is disposed.
2. The microstrip sector antenna according to claim 1 , characterised in that, the width (W) of the second dielectric layer (10) is at least twice as large as the width of the microstrip structure (3).
3. The microstrip sector antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, the second dielectric layer (10) comprises at least one dielectric substrate (11).
4. The microstrip sector antenna according to claim 3, characterised in that, said at least one dielectric substrate (11) is a solid dielectric, preferably laminate made on the basis of epoxy glass.
5. The microstrip sector antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that, the second dielectric layer (10) is a part of a housing of the antenna.
6. A method of increasing a width of a radiation main lobe of a microstrip sector antenna comprising a metal microstrip structure formed by interconnected radiating elements, underneath of which a first dielectric layer and a metal grounded layer are disposed, characterised in that, it comprises the step of disposing a second dielectric layer over the microstrip structure in a distance of between 0.04 to 0.4 of the antenna wavelength.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08849345A EP2215690A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-14 | A microstrip sector antenna and a method of increasing a main lobe width thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLP.384512 | 2007-11-14 | ||
| PL384512A PL218547B1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2007-11-14 | Micro-band sector antenna and the manner of increasing the width of a beam of such antenna |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009064209A1 true WO2009064209A1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
Family
ID=40340648
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2008/000083 WO2009064209A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-14 | A microstrip sector antenna and a method of increasing a main lobe width thereof |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2215690A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL218547B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009064209A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011031174A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | Fert Przemyslaw | A microstrip sector antenna |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19830811A1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Covering arrangement for vehicle mounted electromagnetic radar |
| WO2000041267A1 (en) * | 1999-01-07 | 2000-07-13 | Spike Broadband Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for high-performance sectored antenna system |
| US6369774B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-04-09 | Nortel Networks S.A. | Radio communication base station antenna |
| DE102004053419A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | antenna array |
-
2007
- 2007-11-14 PL PL384512A patent/PL218547B1/en unknown
-
2008
- 2008-11-14 EP EP08849345A patent/EP2215690A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-14 WO PCT/PL2008/000083 patent/WO2009064209A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19830811A1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Covering arrangement for vehicle mounted electromagnetic radar |
| WO2000041267A1 (en) * | 1999-01-07 | 2000-07-13 | Spike Broadband Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for high-performance sectored antenna system |
| US6369774B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-04-09 | Nortel Networks S.A. | Radio communication base station antenna |
| DE102004053419A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | antenna array |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011031174A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | Fert Przemyslaw | A microstrip sector antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL218547B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| PL384512A1 (en) | 2009-05-25 |
| EP2215690A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10749263B2 (en) | Printed circuit board mounted antenna and waveguide interface | |
| US9323877B2 (en) | Beam-steered wide bandwidth electromagnetic band gap antenna | |
| EP1436859B1 (en) | Slot coupled, polarized radiator | |
| KR100859718B1 (en) | Dipole tag antenna mountable on metallic objects using artificial magnetic conductorAMC for wireless identification and wireless identification system using the same dipole tag antenna | |
| US6281845B1 (en) | Dielectric loaded microstrip patch antenna | |
| Sajjad et al. | Microstrip patch antenna array at 3.8 GHz for WiMax and UAV applications | |
| US8564492B2 (en) | Horn antenna including integrated electronics and associated method | |
| US8508421B2 (en) | Hardened wave-guide antenna | |
| US20140104135A1 (en) | Radiating element for an active array antenna consisting of elementary tiles | |
| CN102904009A (en) | A Small Wide Bandwidth Beam Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna | |
| US8228235B2 (en) | High gain antenna for microwave frequencies | |
| US7023386B2 (en) | High gain antenna for microwave frequencies | |
| US9929462B2 (en) | Multiple layer dielectric panel directional antenna | |
| WO2021197400A1 (en) | A patch antenna | |
| CA2596025C (en) | A microstrip double sided monopole yagi-uda antenna with application in sector antennas | |
| CN107946754A (en) | A kind of broadband and wideangle overlay planes array antenna | |
| WO2009064209A1 (en) | A microstrip sector antenna and a method of increasing a main lobe width thereof | |
| PL218960B1 (en) | Microstrip sector antenna | |
| CN200997444Y (en) | Dipole Array Pointing Antenna | |
| JP2022105282A (en) | Antenna structure having wide beam width | |
| KR20150011711A (en) | Wide-band patch antenna having double feeding technique and method of manufacturing the same | |
| CN112635981B (en) | Antenna assembly, antenna array and communication device | |
| US7126540B2 (en) | Dipole antenna | |
| KR102671046B1 (en) | Active huygens metasurface unit cell and huygens metasurface array comprising the same | |
| KR20160027662A (en) | Panorama loop antenna for vehicle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08849345 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008849345 Country of ref document: EP |