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WO2009061372A9 - Systèmes et procédés pour créer des entités polyphasiques, comprenant des particules et/ou des fluides - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés pour créer des entités polyphasiques, comprenant des particules et/ou des fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009061372A9
WO2009061372A9 PCT/US2008/012384 US2008012384W WO2009061372A9 WO 2009061372 A9 WO2009061372 A9 WO 2009061372A9 US 2008012384 W US2008012384 W US 2008012384W WO 2009061372 A9 WO2009061372 A9 WO 2009061372A9
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
article
entity
particles
average diameter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/012384
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2009061372A1 (fr
Inventor
Rhutesh Kishorkant Shah
Jin-Woong Kim
David A Weitz
Original Assignee
Harvard College
Rhutesh Kishorkant Shah
Jin-Woong Kim
David A Weitz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harvard College, Rhutesh Kishorkant Shah, Jin-Woong Kim, David A Weitz filed Critical Harvard College
Publication of WO2009061372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009061372A1/fr
Publication of WO2009061372A9 publication Critical patent/WO2009061372A9/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/22—Amides or hydrazides

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to multi-phase entities, which may include one or more phases containing particles.
  • the particles may be agglomerated.
  • the present invention generally relates to multi-phase entities, which may include one or more phases containing particles.
  • the particles may be agglomerated in some cases.
  • the subject matter of the present invention involves, in some cases, interrelated products, alternative solutions to a particular problem, and/or a plurality of different uses of one or more systems and/or articles.
  • the article comprises an outer fluid droplet containing one or more first fluid droplets, at least one of which contains one or more second fluid droplets, wherein at least one of the second fluid droplets contains agglomerated particles.
  • the article comprises a fluid droplet containing more than one nesting level of inner fluid droplets therein, wherein a nesting level is defined by one or more fluid droplets each contained within a surrounding fluid droplet, and wherein at least one nesting level is defined by an agglomeration of particles.
  • the method comprises providing a fluid containing an emulsion defined by a continuous and a discontinuous phase defined by a plurality of fluid droplets, and solidifying at least a portion of the discontinuous phase without solidifying the continuous phase.
  • the method in another embodiment, comprises providing emulsified fluid droplets, each droplet defined by a continuous and a discontinuous phase, condensing the discontinuous phase in each fluid droplet in one portion of the fluid droplet, and polymerizing the continuous phase in each fluid droplet.
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph of a microreactor used to produce articles according to one set of embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A-4E are a series of micrographs showing articles according to one set of embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustrating a method of producing articles according to one set of embodiments of the invention.
  • two (or more) of the phases within the multi-phase entity may be present as an emulsion or a suspension, e.g., where one phase (the continuous phase) contains a second phase (the discontinuous phase) that is present as discrete regions within the continuous phase.
  • a fluid may contain therein fluidic droplets that form an emulsion with the fluid.
  • Emulsions or multiple emulsions may be formed using techniques such as such as those described in International Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/007772, filed March 3, 2006, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Forming Multiple Emulsions," published as WO
  • a phase may be solidified by reducing the temperature of the phase to a temperature that causes the phase to reach a solid state.
  • Any technique able to solidify a fluid can be used.
  • the phase may be solidified by cooling the phase to a temperature that is below the melting point or glass transition temperature of the phase, thereby causing the phase to become solid.
  • an emulsion may be formed at an elevated temperature (e.g., above room temperature, about 25 0 C), then cooled, e.g., to room temperature or to a temperature below room temperature; an emulsion may be formed at room temperature, then cooled to a temperature below room temperature, or the like.
  • multi-phase entities comprise one or more phases that comprise colloidal particles.
  • colloidal particles is given its ordinary meaning in the art, and is generally used to refer to a type of mechanical mixture where one substance (e.g., colloidal particles) is dispersed evenly throughout another (e.g., a fluid medium).
  • colloidal particles may refer to particles that form a colloid when dispersed in a medium, such as water.
  • the discontinuous phase may be liquid (e.g., forming a new continuous, liquid phase, which may be contained within the continuous phase of the emulsion), or a solid (e.g., forming an agglomeration of particles). Examples of forming a solid discontinuous phase are discussed in detail herein.
  • poly(N- isopropyl acrylamide) PNIPAM
  • PNIPAM microgels may, for example, be synthesized with allyl amine and have NH 2 functionality on the surface.
  • the condensation of a discontinuous phase of an emulsion to form a separate, continuous phase is induced mechanically.
  • the condensation of a discontinuous phase of an emulsion to form a separate, continuous phase is induced by heating. Condensation can be induced, for example, by heating to temperatures of at least about 20 0 C, at least about 25 0 C, at least about 50 0 C, at least about 100 0 C, or at least about 250 0 C.
  • a continuous phase may be polymerized, e.g., to produce a multi-phase particle.
  • the relative volumes of the continuous and discontinuous phases are controlled by varying the temperature at which the condensation step occurs.
  • multi-phase entities may be formed by flowing two, three, or more fluids through a system of conduits, and optionally solidifying and/or condensing one or more of the fluids.
  • the system may be a microfluidic system.
  • Microfluidic refers to a device, apparatus or system including at least one fluid channel having a cross-sectional dimension of less than about 1 millimeter (mm), and in some cases, a ratio of length to largest cross- sectional dimension of at least 3:1.
  • One or more conduits of the system may be a capillary tube. In some cases, multiple conduits are provided, and in some embodiments, at least some are nested, as described herein.
  • conduit orifices may have diameters of less than about 1 mm, less than about 500 micrometers, less than about 300 micrometers, less than about 200 micrometers, less than about 100 micrometers, less than about 50 micrometers, less than about 30 micrometers, less than about 20 micrometers, less than about 10 micrometers, less than about 3 micrometers, etc.
  • the conduits may be rectangular or substantially non-rectangular, such as circular or elliptical.
  • the conduits of the present invention can also be disposed in or nested in another conduit, and multiple nestings are possible in some cases. In some embodiments, one conduit can be concentrically retained in another conduit and the two conduits are considered to be concentric.
  • one conduit may be off-center with respect to another, surrounding conduit.
  • the inner and outer fluids which are typically miscible, may avoid contact, which can facilitate great flexibility in making multi-phase entities such as those described herein.
  • FIG. 19 is a non-limiting example of a micrograph of an apparatus used to make multiple emulsions.
  • a coaxial flow geometry and hydrodynamic focusing are used to produce multiple droplets within a single droplet.
  • Many parameters of the multi-phase entities including both inner droplets and middle layer droplets (outer droplets), can be controlled using hydrodynamic focusing. For instance, droplet diameter, outer droplet volume and the total number of inner droplets per outer droplet can be controlled.
  • the channel can have any cross-sectional shape (circular, oval, triangular, irregular, square or rectangular, or the like) and can be covered or uncovered. In embodiments where it is completely covered, at least one portion of the channel can have a cross-section that is completely enclosed, or the entire channel may be completely enclosed along its entire length with the exception of its inlet(s) and/or outlet(s).
  • a channel may also have an aspect ratio (length to average cross sectional dimension) of at least 2: 1 , more typically at least 3: 1, 5: 1, 10: 1, 15: 1, 20:1, or more.
  • An open channel generally will include characteristics that facilitate control over fluid transport, e.g., structural characteristics (an elongated indentation) and/or physical or chemical characteristics (hydrophobicity vs.
  • hydrophilicity or other characteristics that can exert a force (e.g., a containing force) on a fluid.
  • the fluid within the channel may partially or completely fill the channel.
  • the fluid may be held within the channel, for example, using surface tension (i.e., a concave or convex meniscus).
  • a variety of materials and methods, according to certain aspects of the invention, can be used to form systems (such as those described above) able to produce the multiphase entities.
  • various components can be formed from solid materials, in which the channels can be formed via micromachining, film deposition processes such as spin coating and chemical vapor deposition, laser fabrication, photolithographic techniques, etching methods including wet chemical or plasma processes, and the like. See, for example, Scientific American, 248:44-55, 1983 (Angell, et al).
  • at least a portion of the fluidic system is formed of silicon by etching features in a silicon chip. Technologies for precise and efficient fabrication of various fluidic systems and devices of the invention from silicon are known.
  • Components can be coated so as to expose a desired chemical functionality to fluids that contact interior channel walls, where the base supporting material does not have a precise, desired functionality.
  • components can be fabricated as illustrated, with interior channel walls coated with another material.
  • Material used to fabricate various components of the systems and devices of the invention e.g., materials used to coat interior walls of fluid channels, may desirably be selected from among those materials that will not adversely affect or be affected by fluid flowing through the fluidic system, e.g., material(s) that is chemically inert in the presence of fluids to be used within the device.
  • various components of the invention are fabricated from polymeric and/or flexible and/or elastomeric materials, and can be conveniently formed of a hardenable fluid, facilitating fabrication via molding (e.g. replica molding, injection molding, cast molding, etc.).
  • the hardenable fluid can be essentially any fluid that can be induced to solidify, or that spontaneously solidifies, into a solid capable of containing and/or transporting fluids contemplated for use in and with the fluidic network.
  • the hardenable fluid comprises a polymeric liquid or a liquid polymeric precursor (i.e. a "prepolymer").
  • Suitable polymeric liquids can include, for example, thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, or mixture of such polymers heated above their melting point.
  • a suitable polymeric liquid may include a solution of one or more polymers in a suitable solvent, which solution forms a solid polymeric material upon removal of the solvent, for example, by evaporation.
  • a suitable solvent such polymeric materials, which can be solidified from, for example, a melt state or by solvent evaporation, are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a variety of polymeric materials, many of which are elastomeric, are suitable, and are also suitable for forming molds or mold masters, for embodiments where one or both of the mold masters is composed of an elastomeric material.
  • a non-limiting list of examples of such polymers includes polymers of the general classes of silicone polymers, epoxy polymers, and acrylate polymers.
  • oxidized silicone such as oxidized PDMS can also be sealed irreversibly to a range of oxidized materials other than itself including, for example, glass, silicon, silicon oxide, quartz, silicon nitride, polyethylene, polystyrene, glassy carbon, and epoxy polymers, which have been oxidized in a similar fashion to the PDMS surface (for example, via exposure to an oxygen-containing plasma).
  • Oxidation and sealing methods useful in the context of the present invention, as well as overall molding techniques, are described in the art, for example, in an article entitled “Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Systems and Polydimethylsiloxane,” Anal. Chem., 70:474-480, 1998 (Duffy, et al.), incorporated herein by reference.
  • certain microfluidic structures of the invention may be formed from certain oxidized silicone polymers. Such surfaces may be more hydrophilic than the surface of an elastomeric polymer. Such hydrophilic channel surfaces can thus be more easily filled and wetted with aqueous solutions.
  • FIGS. 2B-2E illustrate a multi-phase entity comprising polymerized polyacrylamide in the first phase and cross-linked poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) aggregate in the second phase.
  • the polyacrylamide was hydrophilic at all temperatures.
  • the cross-linked PNIPAM was hydrophilic at low temperatures (i.e. less than about 32 0 C) and hydrophobic at high temperatures (e.g. greater than about 32 0 C).
  • FIG. 2C shows a PNIPAM suspension in water with polyacrylamide, acrylamide, BIS (a cross-linking agent), and Darocur 1173 (a photoinitiator).
  • thermosensitive nature of the PNIPAm microgels could be effectively exploited to adjust the relative volumes of the two phases of these Janus particles.
  • the phase-separated Janus droplets were cooled from 65 0 C to below the phase transition temperature of PNIPAm, the microgels became hydrophilic and began to absorb water from the other side of the drop.
  • the internal morphology of the Janus droplets evolved dynamically during the cooling process.
  • the PNIPAm phase compacted on one side of the drops swelled and occupied an increasingly larger volume of the droplet with time, as shown in FIGS. 15A-15B.
  • magnetically anisotropic particles were made by embedding magnetic nanoparticles only in the PNIPAm-rich side of the Janus particles.
  • Anionic magnetic beads were added to the aqueous mixture of the PNIPAm microgels and other monomers. Since the microgel particles were cationic, the magnetic beads covalently bound to the surface of the microgels, and were thus trapped only in the PNIPAm phase of the Janus particles, as shown in FIG. 16.
  • Such magnetically anisotropic particles could be used to make magnetically actuated displays or other applications that require directional orientation or transportation of particles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne d'une manière générale des entités polyphasiques, qui peuvent comprendre une ou plusieurs phases contenant des particules. Les particules peuvent être agglomérées dans certains cas. Dans des modes de réalisation, l'entité polyphasique contient une ou plusieurs phases et/ou régions, qui peuvent chacune indépendamment être un solide ou un liquide. Par exemple, une entité polyphasique peut contenir une phase solide et une phase liquide, une première phase solide et une seconde phase solide, une première phase liquide et une seconde phase liquide, etc., et les phases peuvent être présentes à l'intérieur d'une ou de plusieurs phases à l'intérieur de l'entité. Sous certains aspects de l'invention, les caractères hydrophobes/hydrophiles d'une ou de plusieurs phases de l'entité polyphasique sont sensibles à la température, au pH et/ou à une substance à analyser, etc. Encore d'autres aspects de l'invention concernent d'une manière générale des systèmes et des procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de telles entités polyphasiques, sur des kits mettant en jeu de telles entités, ou autres.
PCT/US2008/012384 2007-11-02 2008-10-31 Systèmes et procédés pour créer des entités polyphasiques, comprenant des particules et/ou des fluides WO2009061372A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US160107P 2007-11-02 2007-11-02
US61/001,601 2007-11-02

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WO2009061372A9 true WO2009061372A9 (fr) 2009-06-25

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