WO2008136701A1

WO2008136701A1 - Method and device for producing light water

Info

Publication number: WO2008136701A1
Application number: PCT/RU2007/000721
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sergey Pavlovich Soloviev
Original assignee: Woodford Associates Limited; Timantti Ab
Priority date: 2007-05-08
Filing date: 2007-12-20
Publication date: 2008-11-13
Also published as: RU2007117031A; RU2390491C2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for removing from water impurities in the form of water molecules containing hydrogen and oxygen heavy isotopes, in particular to a method and a device for producing light high-purity water having a greater content of light 1H216O molecules. The inventive method using a device for producing light water in the form of the high-purity water having a greater content of light 1H216O molecules, consists in purifying the initial water by means of a membrane-type filtering element in such a way that the content of light 1H216O molecules in the thus obtained light water is equal to or greater than 99.734% the total H2O quantity. The invention discloses a novel efficient method for producing light high-purity water and a device for carrying out said method. The inventive method and device make it possible to produce light high-purity water without using any additional reagents and solvents, to minimise phase transitions, increase energy-saving factor and to carry out processes at relatively low temperatures, thereby reducing costs and satisfying ecological standards.

Description

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGHT WATER

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for purifying water from impurities in the form of water molecules containing heavy hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for producing light, high-purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ⁶ O .

The quality and purity of water used in various fields of industry make a significant contribution to the quality of the final product and affect the technological characteristics of the production process. The quality and environmental friendliness of food and drinks, including drinking water, determine the quality of life and human health. In this regard, the problem of water purification for its use in various industries is very acute.

Water from the point of view of chemistry is a substance consisting of H ₂ O molecules. In nature, completely pure water does not exist. Natural water always in one way or another contains mechanical, chemical and biological impurities. By various cleaning methods, the amount of these impurities in water can be reduced to very low levels. However, in this case, impurities in the form of water molecules containing heavy isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen can amount to up to 2.97 g / kg by weight in natural water (calculations are given below).

Water is an integral component of all biological systems. Its functions are extremely diverse and are not limited to the role of the environment in which biochemical processes and diffusion of metabolites occur. Water takes a direct part in chemical and biochemical reactions, actively participates in the structure formation and stabilization of biopolymers and supramolecular systems, provides conformational mobility of biopolymers, participates in osmoregulation and transport of substances ["Food Chemistry". Ed. Nechaeva A.P. St. Petersburg, from the "GIOPD", 2003 g]. The presence in water of an excessive amount of heavy isotopes negatively affects living organisms [Kushper DJ., Baker F., Dupstall T.G. Glanders. J. Phusiol. Pharmacol. 1999, Feb. 77 (2): 79-88].

Scientific developments and many technological processes in industry also require the use of water with a very high degree of purity, including the uniformity of its isotopic composition.

In this regard, it is urgent to develop methods for producing water with a lower content of heavy isotopes and at the same time being highly pure water, i.e. water with a minimum amount of impurities.

It is well known that a water molecule H ₂ O consists of two chemical elements - hydrogen H and oxygen O. In turn, each element is a combination of several isotopes [Glinka. "General chemistry." Because of Chemistry, 1975]. Further in the text: the concept of “hydrogen” (letter designation: H) means a chemical element, as a set of all possible hydrogen isotopes; the concept of “oxygen” (letter designation: O) means a chemical element, as the totality of all possible oxygen isotopes; the term “water” means any real water, including natural or industrially obtained water, which is a mixture of H ₂ O and a large number of different substances, in the form of mechanical impurities, dissolved gases, salts, biological impurities, etc., subject to or not suitable for disposal, depending on the further use of water; the letter designation H ₂ O means the totality of all possible isotopic varieties of water molecules formed by isotopes of chemical elements - hydrogen H and oxygen O.

Hydrogen in nature is represented by stable non-radioactive isotopes: - protium (letter designation ¹ H);

- deuterium (letter designation ² H, historical designation D, hereinafter referred to as letter designations D, or equivalent ² H). Oxygen, in turn, is represented by three stable non-radioactive isotopes:

- oxygen - 16 (letter designation O);

- oxygen - 17 (letter designation ¹⁷ O); - oxygen-18 (letter designation ¹⁸ O).

This invention relates only to the listed stable, non-radioactive isotopes, since the presence in the water used for human needs of radioactive elements is unacceptable.

Stable hydrogen isotopes with stable oxygen isotopes form 9 isotopic varieties of water molecules, namely: ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, ¹ H ₂ ¹⁷ O,

¹ H ₂ ¹⁸ O, ¹ HD ¹⁶ O, ¹ HD ¹⁷ O, ¹ HD ¹⁸ O, D ¹⁶ O, D ¹⁷ O, D ¹⁸ O. In quantitative terms, the bulk of the water of natural sources is represented by H ₂ O molecules consisting of light isotopes ¹ H and ¹⁶ O. The number of water molecules containing heavy isotopes D, ¹⁷ 0, ¹⁸ O, depends on the concentration of these isotopes, which in natural water varies within the limits fixed in the basic standards of the isotopic composition of the hydrosphere SMOW and SLAP

The volume of water reserves in various reservoirs of the Earth's hydrosphere is approximately 1834 million m ³ . Of these, the share of the oceans is 1370 million m ³ , river and lake waters - 0.231 million m ³ , glacial waters - 24 million m ³ , etc. [Andreev B.M., Zelvensky Y.D., Katalnikov S.G. "Heavy hydrogen isotopes in a nuclear texnik." Moscow, "Pubat", 2000].

Since the bulk of the water on Earth is concentrated in the oceans, and ocean water is very stable in isotopic composition, the quantitative content of heavy ² H and ¹⁸ O isotopes in it is accepted as the international standard SMOW (standard for mid-ocean water).

For the SMOW standard, the ratio of the deuterium content to water in water is D / H = 155.76 xlO ^"b , and the ratio of oxygen isotopes is ¹⁸ O / ^lb O = 2005.20 x 10 ^{" 6} [Ferronsky VI, Polyakov V .BUT. "Isotopy of the hydrosphere." Because of "Hayka" D983 g].

The concentration of isotope D, ¹⁷ O, ¹⁸ O in the water can be expressed either in parts or in atomic percentage ^(0% or AT / _00.), Or in units of ppm (Part rer milliop - parts per million) [Andreev B.M. , Zelvensky Y.D., Katalnikov S.G. “Heavy hydrogen isotopes in a nuclear texnik. " Moscow, "Pubat", 2000; Sоmluai G. “Let's Defе Sapser!”. Akademiia Kiado, Woodrest, 2001]. The sum of the concentrations of protium and deuterium, as well as the sum of the concentrations of three oxygen isotopes, is 100 at.% Or a million (in units of ppm). According to the international standard SMOW, the absolute content of deuterium and oxygen-18 in ocean water is:

D _S mo _\ / Hsmow = (155.76 ± 0.05) xlO ^"b or 155.76 ppm

¹⁸ Osmow / ¹⁶ Os _MOW = (2005.20 ± 0.45) хlО ^"b or 2005 ppm [Ferronsky B.I., Polyakov V. A." Isotopy of the hydrosphere. "From" Hayka ", 1983]. It is these values in the SMOW standard that are taken as a reference point.

There relative units expressing deuterium and oxygen-18 water molecules equated to zero and referred to as the deuterium 5D = 0 ^_0/00 (155.76 or ppm) for 18-kiclopoda ¹⁸ δ θ = 0 ° / ₀₀ ( or 2005.2 ppm).

In samples of water samples with a content of isotopic varieties of H ₂ O molecules different from SMOW, the values of δD and δ ¹⁸ θ are expressed as ° / ₀₀ as a relative deviation from the zero value to a larger (with a + sign) or a smaller (with a - sign) side.

To calculate the units δD and δ ^lв 0, the following formula is used [Сreig H. "Standard for reporting concentration оf dеutеrium аd oxygen-18 ip water water". Science.1961, vol.133, p.1833-1834]:

As a result of mathematical transformations and substitutions of the values of the above values, we obtain the following formula for converting the concentration from the relative values of δD and δ ¹⁸ θ into ppm units: (D) ppm = 155.76 (δD / 1000 + 1) ( ¹⁸ O) ppm = 2005.2 (δ ¹⁸ θ / 1000 + 1), where (D) ppm and ( ¹⁸ O) ppm are the contents of D and ¹⁸ O, respectively, expressed in ppm.

The lowest concentrations of deuterium and oxygen-18 found in natural water are described by the international standard SLAP (Standard for Light Antarctic Precipitation). The deuterium concentration by SLAP is D / H = 89 x 10 ^"6 (89 ppm or δD = -428 ° / ₀₀ ). The oxygen concentration of 18 by SLAP is ¹⁸ O / ¹⁶ O - 1894x10 ^{" b} (1894 ppm or 5 ¹⁸ O = -55.5% ₀ ) [Ferronsky V.I., Polyakov V. A. "Isotopy of the hydrosphere." Because of Hayka, 1983]. The change in the concentration of oxygen-17 in natural waters due to its physicochemical properties is rather rigidly connected with a change in the concentration of oxygen-18. According to various authors, the concentration ratio of ¹⁸ O / ¹⁷ O is in the range from 4.9 to 5.5 [Shatenshtein A.I. Warsaw NM. et al. “Isotope analysis of water.” Moscow. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1954, p. 15; ACOS Wooltip, JNa 21, Ostober 1979, p. 14].

Thus, the concentration of oxygen-17 in natural waters by SMOW is 372 ppm (0.0372 at.%), And by SLAP it decreases to 368 ppm (0.0368 at.%) [Andreev B.M., Zelvensky Ya.D. ., Katalnikov S.G. "Heavy hydrogen isotopes in a nuclear texnik." Moscow, "Pubat", 2000; Ferronsky B.I., Polyakov V.A. "Isotopy of the hydrosphere." Because of Hayka, 1983; Shatenshtein A.I. Warsaw NM. et al. “Isotope analysis of water.” Moscow. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1954, p.15; ACOS Wooltip, JNb 21, Ostober 1979, p. 14].

The above standard concentrations of heavy isotopes make it possible to calculate the percentage and, ultimately, the weight quantity of isotopic varieties of H ₂ O molecules in water from natural sources within the framework of the SMOW and SLAP standards.

Intensive isotopic exchange of hydrogen atoms (protium and deuterium) occurs in water between H ₂ O molecules. In this case, a thermodynamic equilibrium is established between isotopic varieties of water molecules containing deuterium. As a result of this process, the largest quantitatively proportion of water molecules containing deuterium are ¹ HD ¹⁶ O molecules. In waters close to the natural isotopic composition, the quantitative fraction of D ₂ ¹⁶ O, D ₂ ¹⁷ O, D ₂ ¹⁸ O, ¹ HD molecules ¹⁷ O, ¹ HD ¹⁸ O is small, and totals less than 0,0009 g / kg. Subsequently, in some simplified calculations, the fraction of these molecules can be added to the fraction of ¹ HD ¹⁶ O.

As a result of the redistribution of deuterium atoms between water molecules, the value of ¹ HD ¹⁶ OZ ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O doubles in comparison with the value of D / H.

So, for SMOW with a concentration ratio of D / 1H = 155.76 xlO ^"b , the ratio of ¹ HD ¹⁶ O / ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O doubles and amounts to 311.52 xlO ^{" 6} .

Thus, in natural waters, 1,000,000 H ₂ O molecules contain on average 997,284 molecules of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, 311 molecules of ¹ HD ¹⁶ O, 390 molecules of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁷ O and about 2005 molecules of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁸ O. Mass fraction and the corresponding weight quantity of isotopic varieties of H ₂ O molecules in natural water that complies with the SMOW standard is shown in Table 1. Similar indicators for natural water that complies with the SLAP standard are shown in Table 2.

Table 1. Quantitative indicators of the content of isotopic varieties of H ₂ O molecules

(average molecular weight = 18.01528873) in natural water that meets the SMOW standard (content D = 155.76 ppm, ¹⁸ O = 2005.2 ppm, ¹⁷ O = 390 ppm)

Table 2. Quantitative indicators of the content of isotopic varieties of H ₂ O molecules (average molecular weight 18.01491202) in natural water that meets the SLAP standard

(content D = 89.1 ppm, ¹⁸ O = 1894.9 ppm, ¹⁷ O = 368.6 ppm)

When calculating the molecular masses of isotopic varieties of water molecules, the following atomic masses were used in international carbon units: mass ¹ H is 1.007825035 mass D is 2.014101779 mass ¹⁶ O is equal to 15.99491463 mass ¹⁷ O is equal to 16.9991312 mass ¹⁸ O is equal to 17 , 9991603 [Kulikov I.S. "Isotopes and properties of elements." Directory. Moscow. "Metal", 1990].

As can be seen from the tables, the content of ¹ H ₂ ¹ O in natural water is in the range from 997.0325 g / kg (which is 99.729%) to 997.3179 g / kg (which is 99.755%). The above calculations are completely consistent with the data of other authors, according to which the concentration of H ₂ ¹ O in natural water is in the range from 99.731% to 99.757% [Rothmap et al., J. Quapt. Socialist. Radiat. Trapsfer, 1998, 60, 665. Rothmap et al., J. Quapt. Socialist. Radiat. Trapsfer, 2003, 82, p. 9; R. vap Trigt, Lasher Resource for Stable Isotore Apalysis of Water Biomedisal apl Raleoslimatologisal Arlistiops, 2002, Group: Group Libr. fifty].

In total, in natural water, the weight concentration of molecules is ¹ H ₂ ¹⁷ O, ¹ H ₂ ¹⁸ 0, ¹ HD ¹⁶ 0, ¹ HD ¹⁷ 0, ¹ HD ¹⁸ O, D ₂ ¹⁶ O ₅ D ₂ ¹⁷ O, D ₂ ¹⁸ O, can be up to 2.97 g / kg, which is a significant value comparable to the content in natural water other characteristic components. For example, the total salinity in drinking water can be up to 1 g / kg, and in mineral water up to 5 g / kg and higher. The transition from conventional atomic units to weight indicators of the number of isotopic varieties of H ₂ O molecules makes it possible to visually assess the purity and uniformity of water by its isotopic composition.

The presence of impurities in the form of heavy water molecules, decreasing the proportion of H ₂ O, degrades the quality of water, since the active principle is precisely water with a molecular composition of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, i.e. actually “water by definition)) in the chemical, physical and biological senses. Those. the effectiveness of water as a universal solvent, catalyst, carrier, etc., both in biosystems and in technological processes, can be significantly increased due to an increase in its composition of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O.

The ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O molecule is the lightest of the totality of isotopic varieties of water molecules. Therefore, water with an increased proportion of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O is characterized by a lower molecular weight, has a lower density. Such water in the claimed invention is terminologically defined as light water.

The prior art presents methods for producing light water based on isotope separation processes: rectification, electrolysis, centrifugation, a method including the steps of cooling water and subsequent thawing of frozen water [RU 2295493; RU 2182562; RU 2031085; RU 2091335; RU2091336;]. Nevertheless, due to the current increase in demand for light water, the development of new methods for its production remains relevant. In addition, it is assumed that in the near future the basis of world energy will be controlled thermonuclear fusion, and deuterium and radioactive heavy hydrogen tritium - components of thermonuclear fuel. Consequently, the probability of their accumulation in the environment will increase.

Membrane isotope separation methods are also provided in the prior art. However, to date, these technologies have been applied only to substances in a gaseous state. (Shaposhnik V.A. “Membrane methods for the separation of mixtures of substances))) The objective of the present invention is the implementation of a fundamentally new approach in the production of light water, i.e. water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, which has no analogues in the prior art.

The problem is solved by developing a method for producing light water, which is high purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, providing for the purification of the source water through a membrane filter element, while the content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the resulting light water is at least 99.734% of the total amount of H ₂ O. The proposed method relates to physical methods for isotope separation based directly on the difference in mass of isotopic molecules, atoms and ions, including hydrate in good condition. This allows you to remove molecules from the water containing heavy isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, including their radioactive species, in particular tritium.

A quantitative characteristic of the separation effect is the isotope separation coefficient, which is the ratio of the relative concentrations of the target product, in this case, the ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O molecule in the rich and poor fractions: α = x (ly) / [(lx) y], where x, y are the molecular fractions of the target product in the rich and poor fractions; x / (lx); y / (ly) are the relative concentrations of the target product in the rich and poor fractions.

The separation coefficient of molecules in this method depends on the characteristics of the membrane (material, configuration, pore size and geometry, etc.) and the process technology (pressure, temperature, additional effects, for example, magnetic), which, in turn, are determined by the desired quantitative characteristics of the obtained light water.

A distinctive feature of the proposed membrane method is also that both the poor and rich fractions are water, while there are no phase transitions during separation on the membrane.

Moreover, the proposed method allows in a single technological process, i.e., at the same time, to carry out the process of isotopic separation and And water purification from all extraneous impurities, including mechanical, chemical, biological pollution.

The content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the obtained light water can be at least 997.08 g / kg of the total amount of H ₂ O. The concentration of D in the obtained light water can be no more than 138 ppm.

The concentration of ¹⁷ O in the resulting light water can be no more than 372 ppm.

The concentration of ¹⁸ O in the resulting light water can be no more than 1960 ppm.

The δD value in the obtained light water can be in the range from - 994% ₀ to - 114 ⁰ A) ₀ .

Δ value ¹⁸ θ in the received light water can be in the range from -500 ° / ₀₀ to - 22% ₀ Total holding Soles obtained in light water can be not more than 20 g / l.

Light water may be water selected from the group of distilled water, laboratory quality water, deionized water, ultrapure water, ultrapure water, ultrapure water, water of reagent quality.

Light water may be water selected from the group: water for drinking purposes, including for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; water for food purposes, including food production; water for cosmetic purposes and procedures, including for the production of cosmetic products; water for perfumes and hygiene purposes and procedures, including. number, for the production of perfumes and hygiene products; water for medical purposes and procedures, including for the production of medicines and balneology; water for technical purposes, including for agriculture, crop production, livestock; water for technological processes, including in industry, housing and communal services. Non-exclusive examples of water for cosmetic purposes and procedures can be: water for washing, water for baths, water for compresses, in all cases, both in its original form and with various additives.

Non-exclusive examples of water for perfumery and hygiene purposes and procedures can be: water for washing, water for baths, water for compresses, in all cases, both in its original form, and with various additives.

Advantageously, light water for medical purposes and procedures may be bath water, pharmaceutical water, sterile water, pyrogen-free water, water for injection.

The separation method on the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: dialysis, osmosis, diffusion, interdiffusion, facilitated diffusion, electrodialysis, Donnan dialysis, baromembrane method, pervaporation method, or a combination thereof. The baromembrane method is selected from the group: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, or a combination thereof.

The filter element is selected from the group: flat filter element, three-dimensional filter element, or a combination thereof

The volumetric filter element is selected from the group: capsule filter element, cartridge type filter element, or a combination thereof.

The membrane configuration of the filter element is selected from the group: flat membrane, bulk membrane, roll membrane, tubular membrane, hollow fiber membrane The membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: single-layer membrane, two-layer membrane, multilayer membrane, asymmetric membrane, isotropic membrane.

The filter element is selected from the group: a filter element with a single-layer membrane, a filter element with a two-layer membrane, a filter element with a multilayer membrane, a filter element with an asymmetric membrane, a filter element with an isotropic membrane, or a combination thereof. The intermembrane space in the filter element may be filled with granular ion exchangers.

The membrane material of the filter element can be selected from the group: natural materials, modified natural materials, synthetic materials, or a combination thereof.

Modified natural materials can be selected from the group: cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose hydrate, cellophane, ammonia copper cellophane, cuprofan, a mixture of cellulose triacetate with cellulose acetate. Synthetic materials can be selected from the group: nylon, polyimides, polyamides, polysulfones, fluoroplastics, polymers of fluorine-derived olefins

The membrane of the filter element can be selected from the group: cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, torsion membrane

The pore size in the membrane of the filter element can be selected in the range from 0.0001 μm to 0.5 μm

The pore geometry in the membrane of a filter element can be selected from the group: linear pores, pores of complex configuration, through pores, discontinuous pores, perpendicular pores, inclined pores, track pores, ordered pores, chaotic pores, mixed pores, or a combination thereof.

The membrane of the filter element may be a track membrane.

The filtration process can occur at a pressure of from 0.1 bar to 30 bar.

Filtration can be performed by the method of flow separation, in which the total flow of water V with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C is directed along the membrane, while part of the water V _{1 is} filtered through the membrane in the form of light water with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C ₁ , and the remaining part of water V ₂ , washing and regenerating the membrane, enters the drain through the flow ratio regulator in the form of waste water, with V = V ₁ + V ₂ and C ₁ > C.

The resulting volume of light water V ₁ can be from 0.05 to 0.8 of the total volume V of the source water received for filtration. The source water entering the filtration can be subjected to an additional treatment selected from the group: mechanical treatment, treatment with magnetic fields, treatment with electric fields, radiation treatment, heat treatment, chemical treatment. Chemical treatment of the source water may include adding components to the source water that improve the process of purifying the source water on the membrane.

The membrane of the filter element during the process can be subjected to additional effects selected from the group: mechanical exposure, exposure to magnetic fields, exposure to electric fields, exposure to radiation, thermal exposure, chemical exposure.

The membrane method for producing light water may include a cascade of the same type of filter elements, starting with two. The membrane method for producing light water may include a cascade of heterogeneous filter elements, starting with two

A cascade can be selected from a number of: parallel cascade, sequential cascade, or a combination thereof.

The problem is also solved by developing a facility for producing light high-purity water with a high content of light molecules

H ₂ ¹ O, the main node of which is a filter element of the membrane type, while the content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the resulting light water is not less than 99.734% of the total amount of H ₂ O.

Moreover, the proposed installation makes it quite simple to solve the problem of multiplying a single act of isotopic separation by creating a multi-stage system.

Moreover, the proposed installation allows in a single technological process, i.e., at the same time, to carry out the process of isotopic separation and purification of water from all foreign impurities, including mechanical, chemical, biological contaminants.

The content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the resulting light water may be at least 997.08 g / kg of the total amount of H ₂ O. The concentration of D in the resulting light water can be no more than 138 ppm.

The concentration of ¹⁷ O in the resulting light water can be no more than 372 ppm. The concentration of ¹⁸ O in the resulting light water can be no more than

1960 ppm.

The δD value in the light water obtained can be in the range from - 994 ° / oo to - 114 ° / ₀₀ .

The value of δ ¹⁸ θ in the resulting light water can be in the range from -500 ° / _O o to - 22 ° / o ₀

The total salinity in the resulting light water can be no more than 20 μg / L.

Light water may be water selected from the group: water for drinking purposes, including for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; water for food purposes, including food production; water for cosmetic purposes and procedures, including for the production of cosmetic products; water for perfumes and hygiene purposes and procedures, including for the production of perfumes and hygiene products; water for medical purposes and procedures, including for the production of medicines and balneology; water for technical purposes, including for agriculture, crop production, livestock; water for technological processes, including in industry, housing and communal services.

Non-exclusive examples of water for cosmetic purposes and procedures can be: water for washing, water for baths, water for compresses, in all cases, both in its original form and with various additives.

Non-exclusive examples of water for perfumery and hygiene purposes and procedures can be: water for washing, water for baths, water for compresses, in all cases, both in its original form, and with a variety of additives.

Advantageously, light water for medical purposes may be bath water, pharmaceutical water, sterile water, pyrogen-free water, water for injection.

The filter element is selected from the group: flat filter element, three-dimensional filter element, or a combination thereof.

The membrane configuration of the filter element is selected from the group: flat membrane, bulk membrane, roll membrane, tubular membrane, hollow fiber membrane. The membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: single-layer membrane, two-layer membrane, multilayer membrane, asymmetric membrane, isotropic membrane.

The filter element is selected from the group: a filter element with a single-layer membrane, a filter element with a two-layer membrane, a filter element with a multilayer membrane, a filter element with an asymmetric membrane, a filter element with an isotropic membrane, or a combination thereof.

The intermembrane space in the filter element may be filled with granular ion exchangers. The membrane material of the filter element can be selected from the group: natural materials, modified natural materials, synthetic materials, or a combination thereof. Modified natural materials can be selected from the group: cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose hydrate, cellophane, ammonia copper cellophane, cuprofan, a mixture of cellulose triacetate with cellulose acetate. Synthetic materials can be selected from the group: nylon, polyimides, polyamides, polysulfones, fluoroplastics, polymers of fluorinated olefins.

The membrane of the filter element can be selected from the group: cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, torsion membrane.

The membrane of the filter element may be a track membrane.

The filtration process can occur at a pressure of from 0.1 bar to 30 bar.

The resulting volume of light water V ₁ can be from 0.05 to 0.8 of the total volume V of the source water received for filtration.

The process of filtering feed water through a membrane in order to obtain light high purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O is illustrated in FIG. 1, where the installation is schematically shown, where C is the concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the source water, V is the volume of the feed water that is filtered, C _{1 is the} concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the light water obtained, with C ₁ > C, Vi is the volume of light water obtained, V _{2 is the} volume of wastewater passing through the flow ratio controller. The arrows show the flow directions.

The source water entering the filtration can be subjected to an additional treatment selected from the group: mechanical treatment, treatment with magnetic fields, treatment with electric fields, radiation treatment, heat treatment, chemical treatment.

Chemical treatment of the source water may include adding components to the source water that improve the process of purifying the source water on the membrane. The membrane of the filter element during the process can be subjected to additional effects selected from the group: mechanical exposure, exposure to magnetic fields, exposure to electric fields, exposure to radiation, thermal exposure, chemical exposure. The membrane method for producing light water may include a cascade of the same type of filter elements, starting with two.

The membrane method for producing light water may include a cascade of heterogeneous filter elements, starting with two

The cascade dividing steps are equipped with the necessary regulatory bodies: flow and pressure regulators, critical washers, laminar resistances, which allow the cascading conditions to be achieved to achieve the maximum dividing ability of the steps

By varying the technological parameters of the membrane separation process, it is possible to obtain a given degree of water enrichment with its lightest component ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, the degree of enrichment depends on the specific purpose of using light high-purity water. The technical result of the present invention is the creation of a new effective method and installation for the production of light high-purity water. The method and installation proposed in the patent, allow to obtain light high-purity water without the use of additional reagents and solvents, minimize phase transitions, increase energy saving, conduct processes at relatively low temperatures, the result of which is to reduce costs and meet environmental standards. In this case, the production of light water and purification from impurities occurs simultaneously in a single technological process. Therefore, the source water for the production of light high-purity water with a high content of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O can be natural, natural water, including with impurities and varying degrees of pollution, tap water, water of any degree of purification (distilled, deionized, etc. ) The production process of light high purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O using the method and installation of the invention is shown in the examples. The examples are given only to illustrate the effectiveness and capabilities of this invention, in no way limiting the scope of its application. Example 1. The production process of light high-purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ Eb ¹⁶ O using the method and installation of the invention (Fig. 1).

Before entering the installation, water with a total salt content of 400 mg / l is subjected to preliminary treatment. To do this, it passes through a filter system, as a result of which it is completely freed from mechanical impurities, in it the content of foreign impurities is reduced to a possible minimum, including softening, iron removal, removal of organic matter.

After that, the source water (Fig. 1) with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C = 99.736% enters a separate tank [1], from which the pump [2] delivers water with a volume of V = 1000 l / h at a pressure of 15 bar into the housing of the filter element [3]. Water entering the filter element housing [3] moves along the axis of the roll-type membrane [4]. Under pressure, part of the water moving through the pores of the membrane passes through it and moves through the system of channels of the membrane to the exit in the form of light high-purity water with a volume of V ₁ = 300 l / h with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C ₁ = 99.742%, with a total salt content of not more than 15 μg / l, for accumulation in the food container [7]. The second stream with a volume of V ₂ = 700 l / h moves along the membrane, washing and regenerating it surface, and enters the drain [5] in the form of waste water, passing through the flow ratio regulator [6]. Table 3.

The housing of the filter element [3] is made of stainless steel.

The membrane [4] is made of a specially modified mixture of cellulose triacetate with a pore size of 0.0001 μm, ordered pores have a complex configuration.

The flow ratio controller [6] is an adjustable laminar resistance and maintains the flow ratio in such a way that V ₁ is 0.3 of the total volume V of the source water received for filtration.

The process takes place at a temperature of 15 ° - 30 ° C.

Example 2. The production process of light high-purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ^ ¹⁶ O using the method and installation of the invention, in a sequential cascade of two stages with the same filter elements ( ^" Fig. 2).

The process and device for the production of light high-purity water with a high content of light H ₂ O molecules at the first stage of the cascade are similar to those described in example 1.

The light high-purity water obtained at the first stage of the cascade with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C ₁ = 99.742%, with a total salt content of 15 μg / l, is pumped directly (or via storage tank [7]) using a pump [8] with volume V ₁ = 300 l / h to the filter block of the second stage of the cascade. Getting into the casing of the filter element [9] of the second stage of the cascade, water moves along the axis of the roll-type membrane. Under pressure, part of the water moving through the pores of the membrane passes through it and moves along the system of channels of the membrane to the exit in the form of light high-purity water of volume V ₃ = 90 l / h with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C ₃ = 99.747%, with a total salinity of not more than 5 μg / l, for storage in the food container [11]. The second stream with a volume of V ₄ = 210 l / h moves along the membrane, washing and regenerating its surface, and enters the drain [12] in the form of waste water of the second stage of the cascade, passing through the flow ratio controller

[13].

Table 4.

The flow ratio regulator [13] is an adjustable laminar resistance and maintains the flow ratio in such a way that V ₃ is 0.3 of the volume V _{1 of the} initial light water of the first stage of the cascade, which entered the filtration in the second stage.

As a result of applying a sequential cascade of two stages with the same filter elements, the concentration of [ ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O] in the finished product increases: C ₃ > C ₁ > C.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method of producing light water, which is high purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹ O, comprising purifying the source water through a filter element of the membrane type, while the content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the resulting light water is at least 99,734 % of the total amount of H ₂ O.

2. The method of producing light water according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the obtained light water is not less than 997.08 g / kg of the total amount of H ₂ O.

3. The method of producing light water according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of D in the obtained light water is not more than 138 ppm.

4. The method of producing light water according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of ¹⁷ O in the obtained light water is not more than 372 ppm.

5. The method of producing light water according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of O in the obtained light water is not more than 1960 ppm.

6. The method of producing light water according to claim 1, characterized in that the δD value in the obtained light water is in the range from -994 ° / ₀₀ to - 114 ° / ₀₀ .

7. The method of producing light water according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of δ ¹⁸ θ in the obtained light water is in the range from -500 ° / _O o to - 22% o

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the total salinity in the resulting light water is not more than 20 μg / L.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light water is water selected from the group: ultrapure water, ultrapure water, ultrapure water, water of reagent quality.

10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the light water is water selected from the group: water for drinking purposes, including for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; water for food purposes, including food production; water for cosmetic purposes and procedures, including for the production of cosmetic products; water for perfumes and hygiene purposes and procedures, including for the production of perfumes and hygiene products; water for medical purposes and procedures, including for the production of medicines and balneology; water for technical purposes, including for agriculture, crop production, livestock; water for technological processes, including in industry, housing and communal services.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the light water for medical purposes is water selected from the group: bath water, pharmaceutical water, pyrogen-free water, water for injection.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation method on the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: dialysis, osmosis, diffusion, interdiffusion, facilitated diffusion, electrodialysis, Donnan dialysis, baromembrane method, pervaporation method, or a combination thereof.

13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the baromembrane method is selected from the group: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, or a combination thereof.

14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filter element is selected from the group: flat filter element, volumetric filter element, or a combination thereof

15. The method according to 14, characterized in that the volumetric filter element is selected from the group: capsule filter element, cartridge type filter element, or a combination thereof.

16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the configuration of the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: flat membrane, bulk membrane, roll membrane, tubular membrane, hollow fiber membrane

17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: single-layer membrane, two-layer membrane, multi-layer membrane, asymmetric membrane, isotropic membrane.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filter element is selected from the group: a filter element with a single layer membrane, a filter element with a two-layer membrane, a filter element with a multilayer membrane, a filter element with an asymmetric membrane, a filter element with an isotropic membrane, or combination.

19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermembrane space in the filter element is filled with granular ion exchangers.

20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane material of the filter element is selected from the group: natural materials, modified natural materials, synthetic materials, or a combination thereof.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the modified natural materials are selected from the group: cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose hydrate, cellophane, copper-ammonia cellophane, cuprofan, a mixture of cellulose triacetate with cellulose acetate.

22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the synthetic materials are selected from the group: nylon, polyimides, polyamides, polysulfones, fluoroplastics, polymers of fluorinated olefins

23. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filter element membrane is selected from the group: cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, torsion membrane

24. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the pore size in the membrane of the filter element is selected in the range from 0.0001 μm to 0.5 μm

25. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the pore geometry in the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: linear pores, pores of complex configuration, through pores, discontinuous pores, perpendicular pores, inclined pores, track pores, ordered pores, chaotic pores, mixed pores, or a combination thereof.

26. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the membrane of the filter element is a track membrane.

27. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filtration process occurs at a pressure of from 0.1 bar to 30 bar.

28. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filtration is carried out by the method of separation of flows, in which the total flow of water V with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C is directed along the membrane, while part of the water V _{1 is} filtered through the membrane in the form light water with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C ₁ , and the remaining part of water V ₂ , washing and regenerating the membrane, enters the drain through the regulator of the ratio of flows in the form of waste water, with V = V ₁ + V ₂ and C ₁ > C.

29. The method according to p. 28, characterized in that the obtained volume of light water V ₁ is from 0.05 to 0.8 of the total volume V of the source water received for filtration.

30. The method according to p. 28, characterized in that the source water entering the filter is subjected to additional processing selected from the group: mechanical processing, magnetic field treatment, electric field treatment, radiation treatment, heat treatment, chemical treatment.

31. The method according to p. 30, wherein the chemical treatment of the source water includes adding components to the source water that improve the process of purifying the source water on the membrane.

32. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the membrane of the filter element during the process undergoes additional exposure selected from the group: mechanical impact, exposure to magnetic fields, exposure to electric fields, radiation, thermal exposure, chemical exposure.

33. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it includes a cascade of the same type of filter elements, starting with two.

34. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a cascade of heterogeneous filter elements, starting with two

35. The method according to any one of claims 33-34, characterized in that the cascade is selected from the series: parallel cascade, sequential cascade, or a combination thereof

36. Installation for producing light high-purity water with a high content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O, the main node of which is a filter element of the membrane type, while the content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the resulting light water is not less than 99.734% of the total H ₂ O.

37. Installation for producing light water according to clause 36, wherein the content of light molecules ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O in the resulting light water is not less than 997.08 g / kg of the total amount of H ₂ O.

38. Installation for producing light water according to clause 36, wherein the concentration of D in the resulting light water is not more than 138 ppm.

39. Installation for producing light water according to clause 36, wherein the concentration of ¹⁷ O in the resulting light water is not more than 372 ppm.

40. Installation for producing light water according to clause 36, wherein the concentration of O in the resulting light water is not more than 1960 ppm.

41. Installation for producing light water according to item Zb, characterized in that the δD value in the resulting light water is in the range from -994% ₀ to - 114

/ oo.

42. Installation for producing light water according to clause 36, wherein the value of 6 ¹⁸ O in the resulting light water is in the range from -500% o to - 22

/ oo

43. The apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the total content in the resulting light water is not more than 20 μg / l.

44. The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein the light water is water selected from the group: ultrapure water, ultrapure water, ultrapure water, water of reagent quality.

45. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the light water is selected from the group: water for drinking purposes, including for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; water for food purposes, including food production; water for cosmetic purposes and procedures, including for the production of cosmetic products; water for perfumes and hygiene purposes and procedures, including for the production of perfumes and hygiene products; water for medical purposes and procedures, including for the production of medicines and balneology; water for technical purposes, including for agriculture, crop production, livestock; water for technological processes, including in industry, housing and communal services.

46. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the light water for medical purposes is water selected from the group: bath water, pharmaceutical water, sterile water, pyrogen-free water, water for injection.

47. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the separation method on the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: dialysis, osmosis, diffusion, interdiffusion, light diffusion, electrodialysis, Donnan dialysis, baromembrane method, pervaporation method, or a combination thereof.

48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the baromembrane method is selected from the group: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, or a combination thereof.

49. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the filter element is selected from the group: flat filter element, three-dimensional filter element, or a combination thereof

50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the volumetric filter element is selected from the group: capsule filter element, cartridge type filter element, or a combination thereof.

51. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the configuration of the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: flat membrane, bulk membrane, roll membrane, tubular membrane, hollow fiber membrane

52. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: single-layer membrane, two-layer membrane, multilayer membrane, asymmetric membrane, isotropic membrane.

53. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the filter element is selected from the group: filter element with a single layer membrane, filter element with a two-layer membrane, filter element with a multilayer membrane, filter element with an asymmetric membrane, filter element with an isotropic membrane, or combination.

54. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the intermembrane space in the filter element is filled with granular ion exchangers.

55. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the membrane material of the filter element is selected from the group: natural materials, modified natural materials, synthetic materials, or a combination thereof.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the modified natural materials are selected from the group: cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose hydrate, cellophane, copper-ammonia cellophane, cuprofan, a mixture of cellulose triacetate with cellulose acetate.

57. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the synthetic materials are selected from the group: nylon, polyimides, polyamides, polysulfones, fluoroplastics, polymers of fluorine-derived olefins

58. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the filter element membrane is selected from the group: cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, ^• microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, torsion membrane

59. Installation according to p. Zb, characterized in that the pore size in the membrane of the filter element is selected in the range from 0.0001 μm to 0.5 μm

60. The installation according to clause 36, wherein the pore geometry in the membrane of the filter element is selected from the group: linear pores, pores of complex configuration, through pores, discontinuous pores, perpendicular pores, inclined pores, track pores, ordered pores, chaotic pores, mixed pores, or a combination thereof.

61. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the membrane of the filter element is a track membrane.

62. Installation according to clause 36, wherein the filtering process occurs at a pressure of from 0.1 bar to 30 bar.

63. The installation according to clause 36, wherein the filtering in the filter element is carried out by the method of separation of flows, in which the total flow of water V with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C is directed along the membrane, while part of the water V _{1 is} filtered through a membrane in in the form of light water with a concentration of ¹ H ₂ ¹⁶ O equal to C ₁ , and washing the rest of the water V ₂ and washing the membrane, it flows to the drain through the flow ratio regulator in the form of waste water, with V = V ₁ + V ₂ and C ₁ > FROM.

64. The installation according to p. 63, characterized in that the obtained volume of light water V ₁ is from 0.05 to 0.8 of the total volume V of the source water received for filtration.

65. Installation according to claim 63, characterized in that the source water entering the filtration is subjected to additional processing selected from the group: machining, magnetic field processing, electric field processing, radiation processing, heat treatment, chemical treatment.

66. Installation according to claim 65, characterized in that the chemical treatment of the source water includes the addition of components improving the process of purification of the source water on the membrane into the source water.

67. The installation according to clause 36, wherein the membrane of the filter element during the process undergoes additional exposure selected from the group: mechanical impact, exposure to magnetic fields, exposure to electric fields, radiation, thermal exposure, chemical exposure.

68. Installation according to clause 36, characterized in that it includes a cascade of the same type of filter elements, starting with two.

69. Installation according to clause 36, characterized in that it includes a cascade of heterogeneous filter elements, starting with two.

70. Installation according to any one of p-68, characterized in that the cascade is selected from the series: parallel cascade, sequential cascade, or a combination thereof.