+

WO2008136002A2 - Procédé et système pour mesurer et/ou régler la quantité totale de matières solides dissoutes et de matières solides en suspension dans des compositions liquides aqueuses - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour mesurer et/ou régler la quantité totale de matières solides dissoutes et de matières solides en suspension dans des compositions liquides aqueuses Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008136002A2
WO2008136002A2 PCT/IL2008/000633 IL2008000633W WO2008136002A2 WO 2008136002 A2 WO2008136002 A2 WO 2008136002A2 IL 2008000633 W IL2008000633 W IL 2008000633W WO 2008136002 A2 WO2008136002 A2 WO 2008136002A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
suspended solids
sample
aqueous liquid
liquid flow
concentration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2008/000633
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008136002A3 (fr
Inventor
Naim Faza
Original Assignee
Bromine Compounds Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bromine Compounds Ltd. filed Critical Bromine Compounds Ltd.
Publication of WO2008136002A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008136002A2/fr
Priority to IL201869A priority Critical patent/IL201869A0/en
Publication of WO2008136002A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008136002A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an online, direct measurement of the amount of a solute and/or an insoluble material in a substantially aqueous liquid composition and/or the total quantity thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and system for online measuring TDS (total dissolved solids), TSS (total suspended solids), and/or TS (total solids) , in a substantially aqueous liquid composition, and specifically in substantially aqueous mixtures, based on an improved gravimetric analysis method.
  • TDS total dissolved solids
  • TSS total suspended solids
  • TS total solids
  • TDS is a parameter used for defining the concentration of organic and inorganic chemicals (such as salts) dissolved in a liquid, e.g., in water.
  • Controlling the levels of dissolved salts is important in many applications, such as:
  • Wastewater and desalination process effluents which must not contain more than a predetermined salt level in order to follow environmental requirements and be safely disposed of;
  • compositions especially nasal and injectable compositions, which must have a salinity content that is comparable to physiological values;
  • TDS measurements involve the removal of any suspended solids from the liquid phase, e.g., by filtration, and thereafter drying the filtrate for recovering the solute.
  • a common method for measuring TDS offline comprises the following steps: providing a characteristic sample; filtering said sample into a cup of known weight; weighing the filtrate; evaporating the water; weighing the dried material that is left in the cup; and calculating the weight of the dried material as a percent of the weight of the filtered sample. This is known as the gravimetric method.
  • this is a laboratory procedure which is most time consuming (generally taking several hours), since the cycle of weighting the sample, drying it for at least an hour, and reweighing it, is repeated until consecutive weighing show less than a 5% difference. Therefore, this conventional laboratory method is not suitable for on-site testing.
  • Another conventional method which is suitable for online determination of TDS is based on the measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) .
  • EC electrical conductivity
  • This method is based on the assumption that the solute is in the form of electrically conducting ions and that the composition of the tested solution does not substantially deviate from a reference solution.
  • the EC of the tested solution is typically measured by placing electrodes in the solution.
  • the correlation between the conductivity measured for the tested sample and the conductivity of a reference solution is then used for estimating the TDS of the sample.
  • the components in the measured solution vary, the correlation can deviate quite a lot since it is based on a certain composition. Accordingly, methods based on EC measurements can only provide indirect TSS evaluations, and they are more suitable for applications wherein the measured solution has the same composition over time.
  • Total suspended solids is a parameter used for quantifying insoluble matter in a liquid, and especially solids suspended in wastewater.
  • the main method for measuring TSS offline includes the following steps: obtaining a characteristic sample; weighing said sample; filtering said sample with a filter of a known weight; washing the filter with distilled water; drying the wet filter and sludge; weighing the dried filter and sludge; and calculating the weight of the dried sludge as a percent of the weight of the characteristic sample (e.g., Standard Methods 2540 D 20th Edition).
  • TDS may also be measured utilizing UV absorbance spectroscopy techniques ⁇ "Rapid determination of total dissolved solids in black liquors by ATR-UV/Vis spectroscopy” , Journal of Pulp and Paper Science 2005, 31(2), 81-84). This method requires the transmission of UV energy through samples and the use of spectroscopy equipment, and thus it is performed in laboratories .
  • EC electrodes are usually used for online estimation of TDS in wastewater treatment plants.
  • the EC measurement technique is considered less reliable, and since it is not suitable for applications wherein the composition of the measured solution may vary over time, plant operation usually also depends on offline laboratory measurements. Offline analysis is typically done once or twice a day, which is not frequent enough in big treatment plants.
  • the present invention provides an online improved gravimetric analysis method and an online system for gravimetrically determining the solute and/or the insoluble present in a substantially aqueous liquid composition.
  • online is meant that the system of the present invention is directly connected to an outlet of a container holding the liquid composition to be sampled, or to a conduit or the like in which the liquid composition flows, and that the analysis of the liquid composition is carried out at a relatively high frequency, for example, at least one analysis is performed every one to five hours, and, if desired, the analysis may be even performed several times an hour (for example, two to six or seven times an hour, upon suitably adjusting the weight of the sample) .
  • the present invention may be employed to accurately and frequently measure online and directly total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and/or total suspended solids (TSS), of liquid compositions.
  • the measurement of the amount of a solute and/or suspended solids in a liquid composition is obtained by drying the liquid phase and weighing the solids obtained.
  • the quantification of the solute and/or insoluble in the tested liquid composition is gravimetrically accomplished, rather than by measuring a property associated therewith (e.g., electrical conductivity) which needs to be subsequently translated via a standard reference.
  • the substantially aqueous liquid compositions to be tested according to the present invention include solutions and suspensions.
  • the amount of solute/suspended solids in a liquid composition is measured according to the present invention by- delivering a sample (e.g., 10 to 15 grams) of the liquid composition to be tested to a sample holder (e.g., cup or vessel) having a known weight, measuring the weight of said sample holder comprising said sample, activating a heating element configured to dry said sample while continuously weighing the sample holder during said heating period until the weight that is measured is substantially constant, deactivating f said heating element and calculating the weight of the solids obtained in said sample vessel.
  • a sample e.g. 10 to 15 grams
  • a sample holder e.g., cup or vessel
  • substantially constant weight is meant that the weight measured does not significantly change over a predetermined period of time (e.g. a difference of 1 milligram or less is observed over a time period of 10 seconds).
  • the determined weight may be readily used to calculate the concentration of the solute in the liquid composition.
  • the invention is directed to a process for controlling the concentration of a solute and/or suspended solids in a substantially aqueous liquid flow, comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a stream of the substantially aqueous liquid containing soluble and/or suspended solids; b) passing a portion of the stream through a by-pass tube into a gravimetric analysis system comprising: a control means, linked to a sampling system, a sample holder, an electrically readable weighing means electrically linked to the control means, whereby the control means receives weight measurements of the sample holder before and after a liquid flow sample is delivered thereto, and a heating element controlled by the controller and configured to heat the liquid flow sample in the sample holder and vaporize liquids therefrom, such that the control means is capable of activating and deactivating the heating element according to the received weight measurements; and c) determining the concentration of the soluble and/or suspended solids in the liquid flow sample, thereby activating an alarm and/or a controller when the concentration
  • the controller may then further open a valve linked to a tank containing higher or lower concentrations of the soluble and/or suspended solids, thereby modifying the concentration of the soluble and/or suspended solids in the liquid flow to be within the predetermined range.
  • the present invention is directed to a gravimetric analysis system for measuring and/or controlling online the concentration of a solute and/or suspended solids in a substantially aqueous liquid composition, comprising: control means (controller or control logic) linked to a sampling system capable of delivering quantities of said liquid composition to a sample holder, electrically readable weighing means (e.g., electrical scales) electrically linked to said control means whereby said control means receives weight measurements of said sample holder before and after a liquid sample is delivered thereto, and a heating element controlled by said controller and configured to heat the liquid sample in said sample holder and vaporize liquids therefrom, such that said control means is capable of activating and deactivating said heating element according to the received weight measurements.
  • control means controller or control logic
  • a sampling system capable of delivering quantities of said liquid composition to a sample holder
  • electrically readable weighing means e.g., electrical scales
  • the sampling system comprises filtering means for allowing filtration of the liquid samples for measuring total dissolved solids in said liquid sample.
  • a bypass conduit having a controllable valve electrically linked to the control means may be provided for controllably bypassing said filtering means for measuring total solids in said liquid sample.
  • said control means is configured to measure total suspended solids in said liquid sample by- measuring the total solids and the total dissolved solids on consecutive sample, and subtracting the total dissolved solids measurement from the total solids measurement.
  • the present invention relates to a method for biologically treating wastewater, which comprises gravimetrically quantifying the solute and/or insoluble in said wastewater as described above, and in the event that the TDS and/or TSS values are within desired ranges, subjecting said wastewater to said biological treatment.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a system for online and direct measurement of solids/solutes amounts in liquid compositions according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred method for online and direct measurement of solids/solutes amounts in liquid compositions according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred method for online and direct measurement of solids/solutes amounts in wastewater treatment, according to the invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a method and system for online and direct measurement of solute and/or suspended solids in a substantially aqueous liquid composition, based on an improved gravimetric analysis method, thereby providing accurate and reliable measurement results even in cases wherein the composition of the measured solution changes over time. Therefore, the present invention is particularly useful for numerous industrial, sanitation, purification and control applications, such as, wastewater treatment applications.
  • TDS level in the treated solution is higher than some predefined acceptable level, steps can be taken to lower the TDS level before transferring the wastewater to the biological treatment plant. If the TDS level in the treated solution is lower than some predefined acceptable level, steps can be taken to increase the TDS level before transferring the wastewater to the biological treatment plant.
  • TDS predefined acceptable level of TDS will vary from plant to plant, depending on the specific microorganisms used in the biological process, and given the specific acclimation process these microorganisms have endured. For example, while for some bacteria the optimal functioning range is 3-5% TDS, for other organisms it may be 1-2% etc.
  • the level of suspended solids indicates the concentration of the biological organisms that perform the treatment. There is an optimum level for each biological plant. If the suspended solids level is too low or too high, the biological treatment is considered non-efficient. Therefore, it is very important to measure the TSS for biological treatment plants, as well as in other applications.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention for measuring the amount of solute and/or suspended solids in liquid compositions by utilizing gravimetric analysis.
  • the system 7 shown in Fig. 1 utilizes controller 17
  • Controller 17 is programmed to efficiently control all of the stages of the solids/solutes amount measurement process e.g., sampling, measuring and determining the solids amounts and sending the obtained results to the control center 18 for further processing and analysis.
  • Controllable valve 12 is used for obtaining liquid samples of a liquid composition (e.g., any type of solution or wastewater) provided in a container 10 via sample conduit 13, and for washing sample conduit 13 before taking new liquid samples.
  • Controllable valve 12 receives control signals from Controller 17 over control link Cl (e.g., control cables or wireless communication) , wherein said controller is programmed to wash sampling conduit 13 before obtaining a new liquid sample 15.
  • controller 17 operates controllable valve 12 such that ports a and c thereof are communicated for a sufficient period of time for disposing the liquid residues obtained in sampling conduit 13 from the previously taken liquid sample into sewer 11.
  • controller 17 provides controllable valve 12 control signals for communicating between ports a and b thereof for a sufficient period of time for obtaining a liquid sample 15 (e.g., 10 to 15 grams) in sample holder 14. After obtaining the new liquid sample 15 the state of controllable valve 12 is changed into its closed state by means of control signals received from controller 17.
  • a liquid sample 15 e.g. 10 to 15 grams
  • Filter 3 (e.g., candle filter) may be provided on sampling conduit 13 for filtering liquid samples 15 passing thereinside.
  • filter 3, bypass conduit 6, and bypass valve may be provided on sampling conduit 13, for allowing the operator/controller to choose whether the liquid composition is to be passed through filter 3 or through bypass conduit 6.
  • the flow of liquid through filter 3 and bypass conduit 6 is controlled by means of a controllable three-way valve 5.
  • Three-way valve 5 may be controlled by control signals provided over control link C4 (e.g., electrical cables or wirelessly) . In this way, when the filtering of the liquid samples 15 is needed (when measuring TDS) , the control signal provided by controller 17 communicates between ports a and b of controllable valve 5.
  • control signal provided by controller 17 communicates between ports a and c of controllable valve 5, to direct the liquid stream to the bypass conduit 6.
  • stream as used herein and hereinafter, is interchangeable herein with the term “flow”, which can be in a moving or still form in a container, vessel, or processing equipment .
  • Controller 17 is also linked to scale 16 via a communication link C3 (data and optionally control lines), used for obtaining weight readings from scale 16.
  • Scale 16 is preferably a type of electronic scale, but it may as well be a type controllable scale (e.g., as provided in HG63 moisture analyzer of METTLER TOLEDO) which operation is controlled by means of control signals received from controller 17 over communication link C3.
  • Heating element 19 e.g., Halogen lamp
  • Heating element 19 is preferably located above (or in) the opening of sample cup 14, to allow direct heat radiation 19r therefrom onto the solution sample 15.
  • heating element 19 electrically resistive, gas burner
  • heat source e.g., electrically resistive
  • Control link C2 is used by controller 17 to control .the operation of heating element 19.
  • the signals provided over control link C2 toggle the state of heating element 19 between its ON and OFF states.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a preferred method of the invention for measuring solids/solutes amounts in liquid compositions.
  • this process is initiated in step 20 wherein the residuals of the liquid remained in the sampling conduit 13 from the previously taken sample are washed to the sewer 11, and said sampling conduit 13 is filled with a fresh liquid composition from container 10.
  • controller 17 operates three-way valve 12 to direct the stream passing through sampling conduit 13 to sewer 11.
  • controller 17 operates three-way valve 5 such that filter 3 and bypass conduit 6 are also washed (e.g. by directing the solution through filter 3 during half of the time of the washing cycle and thereafter through the bypass conduit 6) .
  • the time duration of step 20 may last several minutes, depending on the length and diameter of sampling conduit 13.
  • step 21 the weight of the sampling cup 14 is measured by scale 16.
  • controller 17 obtains and records the weight reading (WRl) from scale 16, thereby obtaining the weight of sample cup 14 and any solids remaining therein from the previous measurement.
  • steps 20 and 21 may be reversed, namely, the weighing of sample cup 14 in step 21 may ⁇ be performed before carrying out the washing cycle of step 20, and of course, these steps may be carried out simultaneously.
  • step 22 sample cup 14 is filled with a liquid sample 15.
  • controller 17 operates three-way valve 12 to direct the liquid stream passing through sampling conduit 13 to sample cup 14 (i.e., from port a to port b of three-way valve 12). If system 7 includes filter 3 and bypass conduit 6, controller 17 may be programmed to choose between TS or TDS measurement modes by controlling the state of three-way valve 5.
  • Controller 17 ends step 22 after a period of time sufficient for obtaining a sufficient quantity of liquid sample (e.g., 10 to 15 grams) in sample cup 14, by changing the state of three-way valve 12 into its closed state.
  • step 23 the weight of sample cup 14 with solution sample 15 and any solid residuals remained therein from previous measurements is obtained.
  • This new weight reading ⁇ WR2) is obtained by controller 17 and recorded in its memory.
  • controller 17 deactivates heating element 19, and then in step 28 it calculates the TDS or TS of the liquid sample 15 using the last weight reading obtained, i.e., if the last weight sample obtained is the n th sample, [WR n - WR 1 )Z[WR 2 -WR 1 ), where i and n are positive integers.
  • TSS TSS - TDS
  • Controller 17 is preferably a type of controller having an internal memory. Alternatively or additionally, an external memory (not shown) link to controller 17, may be employed. As will be appreciated there is no need to clean or replace the sample cup 14 after each measurement, since the weight of the dried particles remaining in it after each measurement process are reduced during the calculations. In a particular embodiment of the invention a sampling plate was used for holding the liquid samples, and in this case said sampling plate was replaced by a new clean sampling plate after 10-12 measurement processes.
  • the sample conduit 13 e.g. made from a plastic or metallic material
  • the duration of the washing cycle was about seven minutes.
  • the time duration of the washing cycle should be adjusted in each embodiment according to the length and diameter of the sample conduit.
  • Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention for measuring and/or controlling the amount of solute and/or suspended solids in wastewater effluents by utilizing the improved gravimetric analysis of the present invention.
  • the term "wastewater” includes any aqueous liquid carrying undesired chemical species including by-products of environmental, industrial or domestic processes.
  • the aqueous liquid carries undesired chemical species which are byproducts of industrial processes for the preparation of flame retardants, and therefore includes traces of flame retardants and/or flame retardant additives.
  • additional unwanted chemical species include proteins, fatty acids, lipids, ammonium, nucleic acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, aromatic polynuclear hydroxylated compounds, phosphates, cyanide, heavy metals, sulfate, radionuclides, amongst others.
  • Figure 3 describes a typical process for controlling the concentration of a solute and/or suspended solids in a wastewater treatment flow, prior to the entry of the water flow into the biological treatment tank(s) 33.
  • one or more sources of industrial wastewater streams 29 are obtained, pooled and enter the purification/treatment cycle via one or more pretreatment tanks 30.
  • These streams typically contain varying amounts of soluble and/or suspended solids therein.
  • a series of pretreatment steps are taken in one or more pre-treatment tanks 30.
  • primary treatment refers to the removal of floating solids and suspended solids, both fine and coarse.
  • pre-treatment includes any chemical and/or physical treatment of the wastewater streams.
  • another term for this step is the "physico-chemical treatment”.
  • the pooled wastewater stream is acidified to pH 2-3, in order to deposit any dissolved phenols out of the stream.
  • This stage may be conducted by any acid which is capable of reaching this pH level, but preferably, the suitability of the acid is tested in practice, to ensure it does not disrupt the delicate chemical balance needed for an effective biological treatment in the ensuing stages .
  • Wastewater solids or biosolids include any material that settles at the bottom of a wastewater treatment tank, pond or lagoon and includes but is not limited to phenols, inorganic salts, organic or oily materials, bacteria, algae, fungi and other decayed organic matter.
  • the acidified solution is neutralized by a base.
  • This stage may be conducted by any base which is capable of neutralizing the acidic solution of the previous stage, but preferably, the suitability of the base is tested to ensure it does not disrupt the delicate chemical balance needed for an effective biological treatment in the ensuing stages .
  • the neutralized solution is fed into the middle of a round tank and containing a coagulant, thereby depositing any- suspending agents present therein at the bottom of the tank and spilling the clear solution to the next treatment stage.
  • coagulant is used interchangeably with the term “flocculant” and/or “flocculation aid”, or “flocculation agent”, and includes all substances and/or agents that can influence soluble and/or dispersed particles in such a way that they aggregate to floes and can be removed from the system.
  • Flocculants according to the present invention are therefore all compounds or agents that are used for solid/liquid separation, such as in the clarification of liquids, in the thickening and dewatering of sludge, for example in the purification of industrial and communal wastewaters, the processing of potable water, the extraction of rock salt, bituminous coal, kaolin and ores by flotation, etc.
  • non-ionogenic or anionic and particularly preferably cationic vinyl and/or acrylate polymers are used as flocculants in wastewater treatment.
  • Particularly preferred are water-soluble cationic polyelectrolytes, which are usually composed of polymers of cationized acrylic acid derivatives, such as cationic acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters or copolymers of such esters with acrylamide, etc.
  • Other suitable coagulants for the purpose of the present invention are aluminium compounds, such as aluminium sulfate or aluminium chloride .
  • Secondary treatment refers to a biological treatment in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter of the substantially clear solution obtained by the primary or pre-treatment process, into an innocuous, stable form.
  • Current secondary treatments include the use of any of activated sludge processes, sequential batch reactors, biological discs lagoons (aerated or not aerated) and anaerobic treatments.
  • microorganisms is used herein to describe organisms such as bacteria, yeast, protozoa and fungi, which are able to mediate an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction by the transfer of electrons from an electron donor species to an electron acceptor species.
  • the microorganisms may be regarded as "bioredox microorganisms".
  • the microorganisms may be naturally occurring or genetically modified. Naturally occurring microorganisms may be indigenous to the sample or may be maintained in a culture such as a starter culture. Genetically modified microorganisms may be mutated or manipulated by, for example, the introduction of genetic material such as a plasmid or vector.
  • these microorganisms are bacteria, which have been acclimated to the process conditions.
  • acclimated bacteria refers to bacteria which have been exposed to the materials contained within a waste water effluent stream to be treated and to the process conditions to be used in the treatment process.
  • Examples of these materials include, but are not limited to, reagents, by products, and toxic and/or unwanted species present in the wastewater effluent.
  • process conditions include, but are not limited to, temperature, pH, salt concentration (TDS), TOC and more.
  • the time for acclimation of bacteria varies, and generally ranges from several hours to several months.
  • Additional acclimation is necessary when any change in the process conditions is expected to exceed the optimal range for bacterial performance or efficiency. For example, if the process bacteria have survived TDS values of up to 4%, an increase to 5% or higher may require additional acclimation.
  • active bacteria after acclimation, are used to treat toxic wastes to produce harmless, easily disposed non-toxic end products, and to control or eliminate malodorous substances, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia or butyric acid.
  • strains of bacteria can be usefully employed to remove unwanted species and solutes from aqueous liquid compositions and/or wastewater. These include, but are not limited to soil bacteria, animal bacteria and enzymes produced therefrom, salt bacteria and more. In most cases, no specific bacterial strain is isolated for use in a waste treatment plant. Rather, a combination of different bacterial strains, as well as other microorganisms, is used. This combination of microorganisms is acclimated to the process conditions, and those strains surviving the acclimation process are used thereinafter.
  • soil bacteria examples include, but are not limited to, the genera of Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter .
  • salt-water bacteria examples include, but are not limited to, varieties of Rhodospirillum and Chromatium.
  • the bacteria are aerobic bacteria and the process by which these aerobic bacteria act is described in general (unbalanced) scheme 1 below:
  • TDS levels which are higher than 5% or lower than 3%, are problematic and the preparation of a stable and efficient bacterial culture suitable for "out of range" TDS values require a long period of acclimation, often 3 months and more.
  • the stream entering the biological treatment tanks 33 contains a TDS level which is in an acceptable predetermined range. If the TDS value is higher than required, unsalted water can be added, lowering the TDS to an acceptable value. If the TDS value is lower than required, brine water can be added, increasing the TDS to an acceptable value.
  • the term “brine water” refers to water containing at least 30% salt, typically from 30% to 40% salt.
  • a sample is taken from the clear solution flow exiting the pretreatment tank, at sampling point A.
  • a portion of the stream is then led through a bypass sampling tube 13 into a modified gravimetric analysis system, termed a "measurement Unit" 32, which is described in great detail hereinabove and in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a controller 36 Upon determining the concentration of the soluble and/or suspended solids in the sample, an alarm and/or a controller 36 is activated when the concentration is higher or lower than a predetermined value, namely when this concentration is out of a predetermined range.
  • such a predetermined value or such a predetermined range may vary according to the use and application, as known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the TDS value cannot exceed 4-5%, and an upper set point may be set at around these values.
  • the bacteria may be acclimated to lower TDS values, such as 1%, and the upper set point may be 1%.
  • the alarm described herein may optionally be part of a controller, which controls the opening of a valve which directs any flow characterized by such out-of-range concentration according to the situation.
  • the controller described herein may optionally activate (marked by dashed lines) the opening of valves vl or v2, thereby adding specific quantities of brine water (if the concentration is too low) or of unsalted run-off water (if the concentration is too high) into the out-of-range flow.
  • the controller may further calculate the corrected concentration and/or initiate a second sampling to measure the new concentration.
  • the opening of valves vl or v2 may be conducted manually.
  • the controller opens a valve linked to a tank containing higher or lower concentrations of the soluble and/or suspended solids, thereby modifying this concentration.
  • modifying refers to increasing and/or decreasing the concentration, according to the need.
  • the clear and low-TDS containing stream is passed through one or more secondary (biological) treatment tanks 33, as described hereinabove, lowering the TOC of the stream from about 1000 ppm to about 300 ppm.
  • the obtained secondary treated stream effluent is still not environmentally acceptable and cannot as yet be discharged to the environment, even after it passes through membranes at the exit of the biological treatment tanks, for example due to high TSS values resulting from excess amounts of solid microorganisms. Therefore, it is occasionally necessary to measure the TSS content in this effluent, and to treat it if high TSS levels are found.
  • the acceptable TSS values are determined by the authorities and regulations in each country, usually according to the final use of the water.
  • the “measurement Unit” of the invention 32 is suitable also as a TSS measurement unit since the TSS is calculated by- controller 17, as described hereinabove, by subtracting the TDS result from the TS result. Therefore, according to Figure 3, upon exiting the biological treatment tank(s), the stream is again sampled, at point B, and led through a bypass sampling tube 13 into another modified gravimetric analysis system, termed “measurement Unit” 34, which is identical to "measurement Unit” 32, which is described in great detail hereinabove and in Figures 1 and 2. In this case, the "Measurement Unit” also acts as a "TSS measurement unit", measuring the TSS value in a very short time (as low as 15 minutes) .
  • an alarm and/or a controller 37 is activated when the concentration is higher or lower than a predetermined value, namely when this concentration is out of a predetermined range, for example if TSS values are higher than a predetermined value.
  • the controller 37 moves the stream to an excess sludge pool, also termed "excess sludge collection" 38, and from there required quantities are passed through a centrifuge 39 which separates the sludge containing the excess microorganisms from the aqueous clear liquid.
  • the solids or sludge are taken to an incineration unit 31, as described hereinabove, and the aqueous stream is passed once more through the pre-treatment tanks.
  • the aqueous stream may be passed through the biological-treatment tanks. If the TSS measurement results in an acceptable TSS value, the clear, low TSS (termed in the Figure "good TSS") and low TDS effluent 35 may be safely discharged having a TDS which is lower than 4%.
  • a TDS measurement unit of the invention may be conveniently placed prior to discharge and may be easily placed after or within any existing purification process.
  • the process of the invention is suitable as a general process for controlling the concentration of a solute and/or suspended solids in any substantially aqueous liquid flow.
  • the advantages of the system described above include:
  • the system is simple, easy to operate and easy to maintain.
  • the present system and method may be used in the measurement of flows, in particular in the measurement of aqueous liquid flows, due to the quick determination of required concentrations, and is therefore not limited to the measurement of static liquids.
  • a use of the gravimetric analysis system described herein for controlling the concentration of a solute and/or suspended solids in a substantially aqueous liquid flow.
  • Preferable uses, which are described in detail hereinabove are for controlling the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the substantially aqueous liquid flow, or for controlling the total suspended solids (TSS) in the substantially aqueous liquid flow.
  • substantially aqueous liquid flow refers to a liquid flow in which water is the predominant solvent.
  • the water comprises at least about 80% of the liquid, more preferably the water comprises at least about 90% of the liquid.
  • the substantially aqueous liquid flow of the invention includes wastewater effluent, irrigation water, drinking water, polluted water, salinated water, desalinated water, process water and physiological liquids.
  • wastewater effluent includes wastewater effluent, irrigation water, drinking water, polluted water, salinated water, desalinated water, process water and physiological liquids.
  • Active bacteria for the biological treatment facility were acclimated from excess sludge, containing a multitude of microorganisms, which was obtained from Gadot Chemical Industries, Israel.
  • TS measurement process was carried out utilizing the system of the invention, wherein the control means were implemented by Unitronics Vision 230 controller, and the weighing means and the heating element were implemented by the HG63 or HR73 moisture analyzers of METTLER TOLEDO.
  • This moisture analyzer is a controllable weighing unit comprising a slideable tray and internal drying halogen lamp. No liquid filtering means were used in this example.
  • the TS measurement was carried out, using a controller system, by the following steps:
  • the three-way valve on the sampling conduit was automatically opened to the sewer for seven minutes in order to allow the old sample in the conduit to exit the system.
  • the new sample replaced the old sample in the conduit.
  • the halogen lamp of the HG63 moisture analyzer was automatically turned on in order to evaporate the water.
  • the scale automatically monitored the change in weight during the evaporation. After the scale did not detect any further difference in weight, the halogen lamp was automatically turned off. This stage usually taked 10-20 minutes .
  • EXAMPLE 2 Online TS and TDS Measurement: in a Waste Water Treatment System containing Biological Treatment Tanks .
  • TDS and/or TSS were tested on site in the the Bromine Company Facilities in Ramat Hovav, Israel.
  • the Biological treatment unit therein was based on a ZENON technology, and was designed to fit the following flow parameters, disclosed in Table 2 below: TABLE 2
  • the TDS and TSS were measured at sapling points A and B along the process lines (see Figure 3) , and the measurements provided repeatable results, having a low dispersability (0.5% to 4%) of concentrations (RSD ranging from ⁇ 1.5 % to 3%), similar to the situation in the lab.
  • the invention described above thus provide an online and direct measurement of amounts/concentrations of solids and/or solutes in stationary (maintained) /streamed liquid compositions, which provides reliable and accurate results, and which may be used in processes in which the composition of the liquid composition changes over time (e.g., liquid compositions which are mixtures of various ingredients of variable amounts and content) .

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de régler la concentration d'un soluté et/ou de matières solides en suspension dans un écoulement liquide sensiblement aqueux. Elle concerne de plus un système d'analyse gravimétrique pour mesurer en ligne la concentration d'un soluté et/ou de matières solides en suspension dans une composition liquide sensiblement aqueuse, et l'utilisation de ce système pour régler la concentration d'un soluté et/ou de matières solides en suspension dans un écoulement liquide sensiblement aqueux.
PCT/IL2008/000633 2007-05-07 2008-05-07 Procédé et système pour mesurer et/ou régler la quantité totale de matières solides dissoutes et de matières solides en suspension dans des compositions liquides aqueuses WO2008136002A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL201869A IL201869A0 (en) 2007-05-07 2009-11-01 Method and system for measuring totaldissolved solids and total suspended solids in liquid compositions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL183037 2007-05-07
IL183037A IL183037A0 (en) 2007-05-07 2007-05-07 Method and system for measuring total dissolved solids and total suspended solids in liquid compositions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008136002A2 true WO2008136002A2 (fr) 2008-11-13
WO2008136002A3 WO2008136002A3 (fr) 2010-01-14

Family

ID=39944105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2008/000633 WO2008136002A2 (fr) 2007-05-07 2008-05-07 Procédé et système pour mesurer et/ou régler la quantité totale de matières solides dissoutes et de matières solides en suspension dans des compositions liquides aqueuses

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IL (2) IL183037A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008136002A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104458602A (zh) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种高矿化度油田污水悬浮物快速测定方法
WO2015142544A1 (fr) * 2014-03-21 2015-09-24 Environmental Express, Inc. Récipient de polymère pour matières solides dissoutes totales
CN106248171A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-21 福建金源泉科技发展有限公司 一种电耦合测量液体容量的检测装置
CN113670760A (zh) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-19 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 一种林地水土流失量监测装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756959A (en) * 1971-10-20 1973-09-04 American Cyanamid Co Nsions ecologically acceptable method of breaking mineral oil emulsionssuspe
FR2760091B1 (fr) * 1997-02-27 1999-10-15 Elf Antar France Procede et dispositif de mesure gravimetrique des caracteristiques de la separation d'un hydrocarbure liquide en plusieurs phases
US5983711A (en) * 1997-12-29 1999-11-16 Arizona Instrument Corporation Temperature controlled gravimetric moisture analyzer and method therefor

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104458602A (zh) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种高矿化度油田污水悬浮物快速测定方法
WO2015142544A1 (fr) * 2014-03-21 2015-09-24 Environmental Express, Inc. Récipient de polymère pour matières solides dissoutes totales
CN106457241A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2017-02-22 环境捷运股份有限公司 聚合物总溶解固体容器
JP2017512725A (ja) * 2014-03-21 2017-05-25 エンバイロメンタル エクスプレス インコーポレイテッド 全溶解固形分用のポリマー容器
US10641691B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2020-05-05 Environmental Express, Inc. Polymer total dissolved solids vessel
CN106248171A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-21 福建金源泉科技发展有限公司 一种电耦合测量液体容量的检测装置
CN113670760A (zh) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-19 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 一种林地水土流失量监测装置
CN113670760B (zh) * 2021-08-16 2023-07-14 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 一种林地水土流失量监测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL201869A0 (en) 2010-06-16
IL183037A0 (en) 2007-09-20
WO2008136002A3 (fr) 2010-01-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Akansha et al. Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by combined aerated electrocoagulation and phytoremediation process
Barakwan et al. Characterization of alum sludge from surabaya water treatment plant, Indonesia
Bakar et al. Physico-chemical water quality parameters analysis on textile
Xu et al. Fractionation of dissolved organic matter in mature landfill leachate and its recycling by ultrafiltration and evaporation combined processes
Ma et al. Study of the variation of ecotoxicity at different stages of domestic wastewater treatment using Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67
El-Hosiny et al. Physicochemical study of dye removal using electro-coagulation-flotation process
Wang et al. Optimization of phosphorus removal from secondary effluent using simplex method in Tianjin, China
de Pauli et al. New insights on abatement of organic matter and reduction of toxicity from landfill leachate treated by the electrocoagulation process
Liu et al. Advanced treatment of tannery wastewater using the combination of UASB, SBR, electrochemical oxidation and BAF
Mountassir et al. Wastewater effluent characteristics from Moroccan textile industry
WO2008136002A2 (fr) Procédé et système pour mesurer et/ou régler la quantité totale de matières solides dissoutes et de matières solides en suspension dans des compositions liquides aqueuses
Karwowska et al. Characteristics of reject waters and condensates generated during drying of sewage sludge from selected wastewater treatment plants
Benguit et al. Tertiary treatment of a mixture of composting and landfill leachates using electrochemical processes
Yayintaş et al. Seasonal variation of some heavy metal pollution with environmental and microbiological parameters in sub-basin of Kocabas Stream (Biga, Canakkale, Turkey) by ICP-AES
Bakry et al. Performance evaluation of electrocoagulation process for removal of heavy metals from wastewater using aluminum electrodes under variable operating conditions
Karmoker et al. Characterization of wastewater from Jhenaidah municipality area, Bangladesh: A combined physico-chemical and statistical approach.
Yatim et al. Removing copper, chromium and nickel in industrial effluent using hydroxide precipitation versus sulphide precipitation
CN209815836U (zh) 一种用于垃圾渗滤液处理的预处理系统
Nyabaro et al. Determination of Pollution Levels of Waste Water from Nakuru Tanners, Kenya
Zodi et al. Removal of arsenic and COD from industrial wastewaters by electrocoagulation
Wiewiórska Impact of variable technological and quality factors on the efficiency of filtration processes using DynaSand filters and Lamella separator
Bani et al. Operation and Performance of The Lab and Pilotscale Greywater Treatment Systems: Biochar and Gravel Use in South Africa
Hajiali et al. Evaluation of non-organic solid removal in wastewater treatment of pulp factories with ozonation‖
Ibrahim et al. Performance evaluation of Suez Bay industrial wastewater treatment plant case study: Ataqa Region, Egypt
Chaudhary et al. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of water

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08738334

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载