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WO2008135990A2 - Procédé et système pour un refroidissement à l'aide d'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour un refroidissement à l'aide d'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008135990A2
WO2008135990A2 PCT/IL2008/000610 IL2008000610W WO2008135990A2 WO 2008135990 A2 WO2008135990 A2 WO 2008135990A2 IL 2008000610 W IL2008000610 W IL 2008000610W WO 2008135990 A2 WO2008135990 A2 WO 2008135990A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
solar energy
tdcm
energy
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2008/000610
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2008135990A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Krasnopolski
Michael Zinigrad
Original Assignee
Ariel-University Research And Development Company Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ariel-University Research And Development Company Ltd. filed Critical Ariel-University Research And Development Company Ltd.
Publication of WO2008135990A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008135990A2/fr
Publication of WO2008135990A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008135990A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cooling systems. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and system for cooling by using solar energy, and especially for providing solar air-conditioning of residence buildings, and by utilizing flexible heat (loop) pipes and Thermal-Driven Cooling Machines (TDCMs - for example, absorption, adsorption, desiccant based, ejector cycle based, Rankine cycle based, Stirling cycle based machines, etc.)
  • TDCMs Thermal-Driven Cooling Machines
  • the following types of solar collectors are usually used: a) a parabolic trough; b) a parabolic dish; c) a flat-plate Fresnel lense; and d) an asymmetric concentrator.
  • the parabolic trough has mirrors that are parabolic in only one dimension and form a long parabolic shaped trough.
  • the trough arrangement is mechanically simpler than two-dimensional dish systems, which require more complex tracking systems, the concentrating factor is lower.
  • Mechanisms that allow the parabolic concentrator to follow the sun (tracking system) are required to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight enters the concentrating system.
  • Parabolic trough systems can be orientated either horizontally (in long rows) or vertically. Horizontally orientated systems are usually positioned in an east-west direction to reduce the amount of tracking required, and hence the cost. Alternatively, vertically mounted systems follow the motion of the sun throughout the day, by rotating the direction of the trough.
  • a parabolic dish is a flashlight lens, which is used to transform a point source of light into a parallel beam.
  • sunlight radiation is essentially parallel, it may be concentrated at the focal point of the lens.
  • a tiny flashlight lens may be used as a cigarette lighter by substituting a cigarette for the bulb and by pointing the lens in the direction of the sun.
  • a type of solar reflector dish concentrator may also be made by lining the inside of a cardboard box with aluminum foil.
  • Large experimental parabolic dishes, known as heliodynes are capable of melting steel, but they operate at a low efficiency, and therefore must be aligned to be of any practical value.
  • Flat-plate thermal solar collectors are the most commonly used type of solar collector. Their construction and operation are relatively simple. A large plate of blackened material is oriented in such a manner that the solar energy that falls on the plate is absorbed and converted to thermal energy, thereby heating the plate. Flat plate collectors have the advantage of absorbing not only the energy coming directly from the disc of the sun (beam normal insulation), but also the solar energy that has been diffused into the sky and that is reflected from the ground.
  • Asymmetric non-imaging concentrators as an alternative to symmetric compound parabolic concentrators, have the following advantages: - increased design flexibility; - increased operational flexibility; and
  • non-imaging optics allows direct and diffuse insulation to be concentrated while not tracking the solar motion.
  • optical efficiency of over 90% is achieved for incidence angles of solar radiation between 0° and 65°.
  • the heat can be transferred from one place to another by means of a heat pipe that is a device designed to transport heat with a very small temperature difference between a heat source (evaporator section of the heat pipe) and a heat sink (condenser section of the heat pipe).
  • a heat pipe In terms of thermal conduction, a heat pipe is designed to have very high thermal conductance.
  • conventional heat pipes have relatively low output power, and they are mainly used in electronic systems and circuits.
  • the heat is transported from the heat source to the heat sink by means of a condensable fluid contained in a sealed chamber. Liquid is vaporized, absorbing heat in the evaporator section.
  • the vapor flows to the condenser section, where it condenses and releases its latent heat.
  • the liquid is drawn back to the evaporator section by capillary action, where it is re-vaporized to continue the cycle.
  • the temperature gradient, along the length of pipe, is minimized by designing for a very small vapor pressure drop as the vapor flows from the evaporator section to the condenser section.
  • the saturation temperatures temperatures at which evaporation and condensation takes place
  • the spectrum of heat pipe working fluids extends from cryogens to Ii quid metals, the choice of fluid being such that its saturation temperature, at the heat pipe operating pressure, is compatible with the heat pipe's application.
  • the fluid is chosen to be chemically inert when wetting the pipe and capillary wick. Ideally, the fluid would have a high thermal conductivity and latent heat. It should have a high surface tension and low viscosity. - A -
  • LHP loop heat pipe
  • SCP siphon contour pipe
  • the loop heat pipe utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of a working fluid to transfer heat, and the surface tension forces that are formed in a fine-pore wick to circulate the working fluid.
  • Loop heat pipes are used to transport excess heat from a heat source, such as payload instruments in a spacecraft, to a low temperature heat sink, while maintaining the temperature within specified limits.
  • a heat source such as payload instruments in a spacecraft
  • SCP siphon contour pipe
  • a cross-flow type Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) is used as a dehumidifier, offering an environmentally friendly air conditioning system. It removes moisture form the air and provides 100% fresh air without the application of Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Low-grade energy such as waste heat, heat from co-generation or solar energy could be used for the liquid desiccant regeneration.
  • CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
  • Low-grade energy such as waste heat, heat from co-generation or solar energy could be used for the liquid desiccant regeneration.
  • the liquid desiccant solar air conditioner is usually considered for commercial applications due to its relatively high cost. It should be noted that the conditioner dimensions depend on the component sizes to be included inside the system. Consequently, the dimensions of all the unit components, such as the PHE, fans, pumps, cooling pads, etc. have to be identified prior to system design.
  • an important component of this system is the solar hot water system that is waiting for installation on the roof of the site building.
  • This provides the hot water at necessary temperature and flow rate from flat plate solar collectors to regenerate the weak desiccant solution, obtained from the dehumidifier, using gas or electrical energy as the back up.
  • the regeneration process is done by heating the solution up to about 85 °C in a regenerator (typically a liquid-liquid heat exchanger) using hot water from the flat plate solar collectors.
  • a vacuum pump can be used to produce vacuum over the solution. Subsequently, the produced vapor has to be separated from the liquid by using a vapor separator device.
  • PV direct-drive or "PV direct" portable solar refrigerator of the SunDanzerTM company, located in the United States, that is designed to function in arid to semi- arid regions with at least 5 sun-hours per day. It comprises a chest-type cabinet with a 105-liter (3.7 cubic feet) internal volume, a lockable top-opening door, a corrosion-resistant coated steel exterior, and a patented low-frost system. It uses thermal storage for cooling efficiency, with a direct connection between the vapor compression cooling system and the PV module.
  • phase-change material into a well-insulated refrigerator cabinet and developing a microprocessor-based control system that permits the direct connection of a PV module to a variable-speed compressor.
  • the integration allows for peak power-point tracking and the elimination of batteries (thus, the environmental threat of improper battery disposal is eliminated).
  • the "PV direct" portable solar refrigerator has low output cooling power, and cannot replace a conventional home refrigerator.
  • JP 8,082,492 discloses a heat pump type air conditioner comprising a loop- like heat pipe for circulating heating medium to connect an outdoor heat exchanger; and a solar heat collector for collecting solar heat, wherein the heat collected by the collector is radiated by moving heating medium in the pipe and conveying it to the heat exchanger of the conditioner.
  • JP 8,082,492 does not teach utilizing an abortion-cooling machine that receives heat from a solar collector by means of flexible heat pipes.
  • the air conditioner of JP 8,082,492 does not eliminate the need for electrical energy (besides solar energy), and the electrical energy is still required for operating a compressor of said air conditioner.
  • JP 8,082,492 utilizes heat exchangers for exchanging the heat with the heat pipe, wherein for exchanging a large amount of the heat, said heat exchangers must have relatively large dimensions.
  • the most typical representatives TDCM are absorption cooling machine and Adsorption-cooling machine.
  • the absorption cooling machine corresponds to a vapor-compression refrigerator, in which the compressor is usually substituted by four elements:
  • the advantages of using the absorption cooling machine are: (a) lowering or eliminating electrical consumption besides a heat source; (b) possibility of heat recovery or co- generation synergies; (c) low environmental impact working fluids; and (d) low vibrations.
  • An adsorption-cooling machine (also called a solid- sorption cycle based machine) is a preferential partitioning of substances from a gaseous or liquid phase onto a surface of a solid substrate. This process involves the separation of a substance from one phase to accumulate or concentrate on a surface of another substance. The adsorption process is caused by the Van der Vaals force between adsorbents and atoms or molecules at the adsorbent surface. In the adsorption refrigeration cycle, refrigerant vapor is not being compressed to a higher temperature and pressure by the compressor but it is adsorbed by a solid with a very high microscopic porosity. This process requires only thermal energy, with no need for mechanical energy.
  • the principles of the adsorption process provide two main processes, adsorption or refrigeration and desorption or regeneration. The advantages of using the adsorption-cooling machine are: (a) no moving part; (b) low operating temperature that can be achieved.
  • the present invention relates to a method and system for cooling by using solar energy, and especially for providing solar air-conditioning of residence buildings, and by utilizing flexible heat pipes and TDCMs.
  • the system for cooling by using solar energy comprises: (a) a solar energy collector for collecting solar energy and converting it to heat energy; (b) one or more heat pipes connected to said solar energy collector for receiving said heat energy from said solar energy collector and passing it to a TDCM, said TDCM used for performing cooling by means of said heat energy; and (c) a control unit for controlling the operation of said TDCM.
  • the system further comprises a heat accumulator, connected to the solar energy collector, for accumulating the heat energy provided by said solar energy collector.
  • the heat accumulator is a water boiler or a water tank.
  • the one or more heat pipes are connected between them by means of a connector.
  • the system is a solar air-conditioner. According to still a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system is a refrigerator.
  • the system is a cooler.
  • the heat pipe is a loop heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe is flexible.
  • the operation of the TDCM is controlled by means of a remote control.
  • the operation of the TDCM is cyclic.
  • the operation of the TDCM is continuous (uninterruptible).
  • a solar energy concentrator instead of the solar energy collector, a solar energy concentrator is used.
  • the method for cooling by using solar energy comprises: (a) collecting solar energy be means of a solar energy collector, and then converting said solar energy to heat energy; (b) receiving said heat energy from said solar energy collector by means of one or more heat pipes that are connected to said solar energy collector, and then passing said heat energy to a TDCM by means of said one or more heat pipes; (c) performing cooling by means of said TDCM by using the passed heat energy; and (d) controlling the operation of said TDCM by means of a control unit.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of providing solar air-conditioning to a plurality of apartments within a residence building by utilizing heat pipes and TDCM, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block-diagram of a system for providing solar air-conditioning by utilizing a heat pipe(s) and a TDCM, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of providing solar air-conditioning to a plurality of apartments within a residence building 150 by utilizing heat pipes and TDCM, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is supposed, for example, that residence building 150 comprises three apartments (apartment 1, apartment 2 and apartment 3), wherein each apartment can have its own air-conditioning system 100.
  • the air- conditioning system 100 comprises: a solar energy collector 105 for collecting the solar energy from the sun and converting it to the heat energy; one or more heat pipes 115, connected to said solar energy collector 105 via connector/adaptor 140, for transferring (passing) the heat from said solar energy collector 105 to TDCM 120 that is provided within each apartment, wherein said TDCM 120 is used for receiving (absorbing) the heat energy from one or more heat pipes 115, and in turn, for cooling the air within each apartment by using the passed heat energy; and a control unit 125, provided within each apartment, for controlling the operation of said TDCM 120 (e.g., by means of a remote control).
  • Solar energy collectors 105 are usually located on the roof of building 150, where they are the most accessible by the sun light. The solar energy is collected by means of each solar energy collector 105, which converts it to the heat energy. Solar energy collector 105 can be connected to heat pipe 115 by means of a connector/adaptor 140 for transferring the heat energy to said heat pipe. Heat pipe 115, in turn, passes the received heat energy to TDCM 120 within the corresponding apartment. TDCM 120 cools the air by performing a conventional cooling process by using said heat energy. The inhabitant (user) of each apartment can fully control the operation of said TDCM 120, and in turn, can fully control the cooling process. For example, the user can make all required settings (similarly to operating a conventional air-onditioner), such as setting a temperature, setting a timer, setting a cooling power, etc.
  • heat pipes 115 can be conventional heat pipes and/or loop heat pipes (LHP). Further, the heat pipes can be flexible in order to transfer the heat to each apartment within the residence building 150, in a convenient way. The flexibility can allow the heat pipes to be transferred within the walls of the building to any location of each apartment. Further, it can allow the inhabitants of each apartment to easily change the location of the heat pipes, if required.
  • LHP loop heat pipes
  • heat pipe 115 can be divided onto several portions (e.g., portions 115', 115", 115'" and the tike), wherein each portion of said heat pipe 115 can have a predefined length (e.g., 6-6.5 meters) in order to be able to transfer the heat from each solar energy collector 105 to corresponding TDCM 120 in a relatively efficient way.
  • portion 115' of heat pipe 115 can be, for example, 6.5 meters long
  • portion 115" of said heat pipe 115 can be, for example, 4 meters long
  • portion 115'" of said heat pipe 115 can be, for example, 3 meters long.
  • One portion is connected to another by means of a connector/adaptor 130.
  • Connector 130 enables one heat pipe to transfer the heat energy from it to another heat pipe in an efficient manner.
  • the overall length of heat pipe 115 can be, for example, 20-25 meters.
  • the heat energy is further transferred by said another heat pipe to TDCM 120. In this way, the heat energy can be transferred from solar energy collector 105 to long distances (e.g., tens of meters).
  • the solar energy can be accumulated by means of conventional water boilers/tanks 110, which are usually provided on the roof of the building.
  • Such water boilers/ tanks 110 can function as heat accumulators, and the accumulated energy can be used at night or in cloudy weather (when there is no sun heat) for cooling apartments within the building.
  • Said water boilers/tanks 110 can be connected to both solar energy collectors 105 and heat pipes 115 via connectors/adaptors 140.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic block-diagram of a system 100 for providing solar air- conditioning by utilizing a heat pipe(s) 115 and a TDCM 120, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the air-conditioning system 100 comprises: a solar energy collector 105 for collecting the solar energy from the sun and converting it to the heat energy; one or more heat pipes 115, connected to said solar energy collector 105 via connector/adaptor 140, for transferring (passing) the heat from said solar energy collector 105 to TDCM 120 that is provided within each apartment, wherein said TDCM 120 is used for receiving (absorbing) the heat energy from one or more heat pipes 115, and in turn, for cooling the air within each apartment by using the passed heat energy; and a control unit 125, provided within each apartment, for controlling the operation of said TDCM 120 (e.g., by means of a remote control).
  • the solar energy can be accumulated by means of heat accumulator 110, which can be a conventional water boiler/tank 110 (Fig. 1), usually provided on the roof of building 150 (Fig. 1).
  • TDCM 120 can be connected to a conventional electrical power supply.
  • said TDCM 120 can consume the electrical power from said conventional electrical power supply for providing solar air- conditioning (for cooling).
  • a solar energy concentrator (of any type) is used instead of a solar energy collector 105.
  • TDCM 120 is cyclic and/or continuous (uninterruptible). While some embodiments of the invention have been described by way of illustration, it will be apparent that the invention can be put into practice with many modifications, variations and adaptations, and with the use of numerous equivalents or alternative solutions that are within the scope of persons skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour un refroidissement à l'aide de l'énergie solaire, qui comprend un collecteur d'énergie solaire pour collecter de l'énergie solaire et la convertir en énergie thermique ; des caloducs connectés audit collecteur d'énergie solaire pour recevoir l'énergie thermique provenant du collecteur et la faire passer vers une machine de refroidissement entraînée par l'énergie thermique (TDCM) utilisée pour un refroidissement par l'énergie thermique ; une unité de commande pour commander le fonctionnement de la TDCM ; et un accumulateur de chaleur, connecté au collecteur d'énergie chaleur, pour accumuler l'énergie thermique fournie par le collecteur.
PCT/IL2008/000610 2007-05-07 2008-05-05 Procédé et système pour un refroidissement à l'aide d'énergie solaire WO2008135990A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL183039A IL183039A0 (en) 2007-05-07 2007-05-07 Method and system for cooling by using solar energy
IL183039 2007-05-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008135990A2 true WO2008135990A2 (fr) 2008-11-13
WO2008135990A3 WO2008135990A3 (fr) 2008-12-31

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PCT/IL2008/000610 WO2008135990A2 (fr) 2007-05-07 2008-05-05 Procédé et système pour un refroidissement à l'aide d'énergie solaire

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IL (1) IL183039A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008135990A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010133688A3 (fr) * 2009-05-20 2011-06-16 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique Sa Recherche Et Développement Ilôts solaires pouvant couvrir les besoins d'un ménage
US20110289935A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2011-12-01 Vladimir Danov Thermal Power Plant, in Particular Solar Thermal Power Plant
CN102881758A (zh) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-16 浙江思博恩新材料科技有限公司 一种热电联供系统
US11930750B2 (en) 2020-07-08 2024-03-19 Qatar Foundation For Education, Science And Community Development Greenhouse and cooling system of the same

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2044915A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-10-22 Auger B Solar powered cooling system
CH650855A5 (en) * 1982-05-08 1985-08-15 Jean Louis Guerard Solar-powered refrigeration machine
FR2535034B1 (fr) * 1982-10-21 1986-08-22 Lycee Enseignement Gl Technolo Generateur de chaleur a energie solaire et application a une installation de refrigeration
SU1128068A1 (ru) * 1983-10-05 1984-12-07 Конструкторское Бюро "Шторм" При Киевском Ордена Ленина Политехническом Институте Им.50-Летия Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции Гелиоадсорбционна холодильна установка
DE3620847A1 (de) * 1985-06-22 1987-02-19 Erich Poehlmann Kuehlcontainer
JPH0882492A (ja) * 1994-09-13 1996-03-26 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 空気調和機
DE19502543A1 (de) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-01 Sesol Ges Fuer Solare Systeme Solarthermisch betriebene Absorptionskälteanlage
CN1912789A (zh) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-14 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 模具温度控制装置

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110289935A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2011-12-01 Vladimir Danov Thermal Power Plant, in Particular Solar Thermal Power Plant
WO2010133688A3 (fr) * 2009-05-20 2011-06-16 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique Sa Recherche Et Développement Ilôts solaires pouvant couvrir les besoins d'un ménage
CN102881758A (zh) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-16 浙江思博恩新材料科技有限公司 一种热电联供系统
US11930750B2 (en) 2020-07-08 2024-03-19 Qatar Foundation For Education, Science And Community Development Greenhouse and cooling system of the same

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008135990A3 (fr) 2008-12-31
IL183039A0 (en) 2007-09-20

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