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WO2008126062A1 - Élément de coupe, rasoir électrique muni d'un élément de coupe et procédé de production d'un tel élément - Google Patents

Élément de coupe, rasoir électrique muni d'un élément de coupe et procédé de production d'un tel élément Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008126062A1
WO2008126062A1 PCT/IB2008/051460 IB2008051460W WO2008126062A1 WO 2008126062 A1 WO2008126062 A1 WO 2008126062A1 IB 2008051460 W IB2008051460 W IB 2008051460W WO 2008126062 A1 WO2008126062 A1 WO 2008126062A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting element
cutting
hardened
face
shaver
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2008/051460
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hubert Sjoerd Blaauw
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority to RU2009141983/02A priority Critical patent/RU2473419C2/ru
Priority to JP2010503650A priority patent/JP5735272B2/ja
Priority to EP08737882A priority patent/EP2136971B1/fr
Priority to CN2008800121738A priority patent/CN101657303B/zh
Priority to US12/595,249 priority patent/US8806762B2/en
Publication of WO2008126062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008126062A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
    • C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/02—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the reciprocating-cutter type
    • B26B19/04—Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor; Securing equipment thereof
    • B26B19/044—Manufacture and assembly of cutter blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/14—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the rotary-cutter type; Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor
    • B26B19/141—Details of inner cutters having their axes of rotation perpendicular to the cutting surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • B26B21/60—Razor-blades characterised by the material by the coating material

Definitions

  • Cutting element electric shaver provided with a cutting element and method for producing such element
  • the invention relates to a cutting element, such as used in an electric shaver, which cutting element is made from stainless steel with a hardened surface layer over at least part of its surface.
  • the invention also relates to an electric shaver provided with such a cutting element and a method for producing the cutting element.
  • Stainless steel cutting elements for shavers are usually mounted on, or part of a rotatable cutting member, which is confined within a cap member, provided with radially extending cap laminae.
  • the cutting member elements When shaving, the cutting member elements are rotated and entrain hairs which extend through the openings between the lamellae of the cap member.
  • the cutting surfaces (or running faces) of the cutter elements are in factional contact with the cap member lamellae surfaces. This may bring about significant wear of either cutting elements or cap member lamellae, or both, depending on the relative surface hardness of the members concerned.
  • an electric shaver that can be used with water, and which uses an additive released during operation, not only wear of the cutter elements may be a problem, but also corrosion may occur easily. Corrosion resistance is less of an issue with conventional shavers, but because of the concept of the additive shaver the blade is in much closer contact with moisture.
  • the material used for the manufacture of these cutting elements is stainless maraging steel. This is a steel type with good corrosion resistant qualities but with moderate wear resistance. To increase the hardness the material is hardened by conventional heat treatment techniques.
  • An object of the invention is to provide cutting elements that are corrosion proof and wear resistant, and in particular may provide a good wear balance with a shaver cap.
  • a cutting element which cutting element is made from stainless steel with a hardened surface layer over at least part of its surface, whereby the cutting end face of the element comprises a surface layer of hardened steel at least over its cutting edge, the rest of the end face comprising the stainless steel.
  • the cutting end face of the cutting element (or razor blade) is meant to designate the cross-section of that extremity of the cutting element that comes into factional contact with the shaver cap lamellae when in use.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting end face is that peripheral edge of the end face which touches the cap lamellae first when rotating. The cutting end face can thus be viewed from the outside.
  • a composite cutting end face comprising parts of stainless steel and parts of stainless steel with increased hardness, at least one of which extends along the cutting edge.
  • This hardened cutting edge comes first in contact with the lamellae and has the necessary hardness to substantially prevent wear of the blade while providing a sharp cut. Since the rest of the cutting end face is made of normal stainless steel (having lower hardness) the total hardness balance is reduced with respect to a cutting end face having high hardness throughout. This leads to substantially less wear of the shaver cap lamellae. Indeed, over the entire lifetime of the shaver cap, it will come into contact with much less surface area of hardened steel. Surprisingly, the presence of stainless steel of lower than conventional hardness in the cutting end face does not necessarily lead to more wear of the cutting element. Conventional hardness is usually around 600 HVl.
  • a cutting element an individual working shaver blade or a shaver blade that works in cooperation with another shaver blade.
  • Such a construction of cooperating shaver blades can for instance be found in a shaver with an internal rotating cutting element that is surrounded by an external counter cutting element (cap) that has a stationary position.
  • Both the internal rotating cutting element and the external stationary counter-cutting element are referred to in this document as cutting elements.
  • the invention is not limited to rotary shavers. It also applies to other types of shaver, such as so-called vibra shavers for instance.
  • the cutting elements make an alternating translational movement with respect to a substantially stationary metal foil, for instance made of hard nickel.
  • the cutting elements are positioned more or less perpendicular to the metal foil surface. Both sides of the cutting end face of the cutting elements therefore act as cutting edge.
  • a preferred embodiment of the cutting element according to the invention is characterised in that the hardened surface layer of the cutting end face extends over substantially the entire circumference of the end face. Not only is such embodiment stronger but also the amount of hardened steel in the end face may more easily be increased which adds flexibility in tuning the hardness balance.
  • the thickness of the hardened surface layer is adjusted such that the lifetime of the cutting element and/or shaver cap laminae is maximized.
  • the lifetime of the cutting elements and/or the shaver cap can actually be tuned by changing the geometric amount in the cutting end face of hardened steel and less hard steel. When the cutting element wears too fast with respect to the cap, the amount of hardened steel will generally be increased. When the cap wears faster, the amount of hardened steel will generally be lowered.
  • the optimal hardness balance can readily be determined by the person skilled in the art by trial and error experiments.
  • the ratio of the end facial surface area of the hardened surface layer with respect to the total end facial surface area of the cutting end face can be varied within large ranges, preferably the end facial surface area of the hardened surface layer of the cutting element ranges from 5 to 50 % of the total end facial surface area, even more preferably from 10 to 35 % of the total end facial surface area, and most preferably from 15 to 25 % of the total end facial surface area.
  • the thickness of the hardened surface layer generally depends on the dimensions of the cutting end face. For rotating cutting elements with typical thicknesses of about 100 to 200 ⁇ m, the hardened surface layer thickness typically ranges from 5 to 20 ⁇ m, although smaller or larger thicknesses may be suitable. A too large thickness may cause premature rupture of the cutting element, and in particular separation of the hardened surface layer from the rest of the element. This is believed to be due to build up of internal stresses while producing the hardened layer.
  • An additional advantage of the cutting element according to the invention is that it may in principle be manufactured from any type of stainless steel. Surprisingly even rather soft steels may be used. Suitable steels include maraging and/or precipitation hardenable stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel. Preferably the hardness of the stainless steel out of which the cutting element is formed ranges from 100 to 600 HVl, and more preferably from 150 to 350 HVl.
  • the possibility of using rather soft stainless steels offers many advantages in manufacturing the cutting elements. It becomes for instance possible to make the cutting element according to the invention from injection mouldable stainless steel by a powder metallurgical method, which is a preferred method in the context of the invention. It also becomes possible to use metal forming processes in shaping the cutting elements, such as for instance deep drawing.
  • a particularly preferred steel in this context comprises a medium hardenable precipitation-hardening stainless steel known as "17-4PH". Yet the hardenability of this steel is limited to just 400 HVl while the cutting elements of the known rota-cutter for instance generally require a hardness of 600 HVl or higher. Application tests run with metal injection moulded cutters of 17-4PH steel (with the limited hardness of 400 HVl) showed a factor 2 too high wear rate regarding lifetime of the cutter.
  • the invention offers a solution to this problem, in the sense that excellent formability is combined with adjustable wear and self-sharpening characteristics.
  • the hardness of the hardened surface layer is preferably at least 1000 HVl, more preferably at least 1300 HVl.
  • the hardness of the surface layer is at least equal to the hardness of the cap, in particular the hardness of the cap lamellae.
  • the cutting element can be designed for use in a shaver of the dry shaver type or for use in a shaver of the additive shaver type.
  • the invention also relates to an electric shaver provided with a cutting element as disclosed. Such a shaver has the advantages as already mentioned in relation to the cutting element according the invention.
  • the invention also provides a method for producing a cutting element according to the invention.
  • the method is characterized in that a cutting element is formed of stainless steel, and at least part of the surface of the cutting element is hardened by subjecting it to a plasma of suitable ions, with the exception of the cutting end face.
  • Partial hardening of the cutting element may be performed by other methods, such as strain hardening, for instance by shot peening, or local thermal hardening and/or local precipitation hardening, with surface hardening heat treatment techniques such as induction hardening, laser hardening, and the like. It is also possible to combine these methods. Generally such a combination, of which the combination of strain hardening with plasma nitriding is preferred, allows to reach higher hardness values.
  • Strain hardening is also used to manufacture razor blades having a reduced cross-section.
  • Such types of blades are reduced in cross-section by stamping them such that they adopt a dog-bone shape, with a reduced thickness in the middle.
  • Such rather thin blades are particularly apt to wear.
  • the method of the invention is in particular advantageous for such types of blade or cutting element.
  • a cutting element is formed of stainless steel, at least part of the surface of the cutting element is hardened by subjecting it to a plasma of suitable ions, where after part of the element is removed thus forming the cutting end face.
  • ions are preferably selected from nitrogen, carbon, borium or combinations thereof.
  • a cutting element is for instance formed from stainless maraging steel, after the forming of which the cutting element is hardened on the surfaces concerned by means of plasma nitriding to a hardness of the top layer of at least 1300 HVl.
  • Typical nitriding parameters include a temperature of 300°C to 500°C, a processing time of 5 to 40 hours, and nitriding pressures of 250 Pa to 550 Pa, eventually using a pulsed plasma process.
  • the method according the invention enables the manufacture of shaver components out of unhardened (austenitic) stainless steel, which components are hardened later in the production process by inward growth of a hard and wear resistant compound top layer, thus simplifying the production process.
  • the unhardened stainless steel can be processed relatively easy, in particular by using metal forming techniques.
  • the invented method makes it possible to use hitherto unsuitable (and relatively inexpensive) types of steel for producing the cutting element according the invention.
  • the cutting element is hardened by plasma nitriding preferably on all surfaces of the blade, and a plasma nitriding hardened layer consisting of a surface compound top layer of steel supersaturated with nitrogen is formed, possibly with a so-called intermediate diffusion layer adjoining the top layer with a hardness ranging from the hardness of the top layer to the hardness of the steel before hardening.
  • the advantage of the presence of the diffusion layer is that it additionally strengthens the base material and supports the load bearing capacity of the compound layer.
  • Said surface compound layer having preferably a hardness of at least 1300 HVl and in case of austenitic stainless steel at least 1100 HVl is then removed at one end of the produced cutting element, to form the cutting end face.
  • Fig. IA a cut-away view of a shaver cap and cutting member, provided with cutting elements according to the invention
  • Fig. IB a detail of the cutting member shown in Fig. IA;
  • Fig. 2 a cutting end face of a cutting element according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 a cutting end face of another cutting element according to the invention.
  • a shaver cap member 1 is shown.
  • Cap member 1 is provided with radially extending cap laminae 3.
  • a cutting member 2 is rotatably arranged within cap member 1.
  • Cutting member 2 is provided with a number of circumferentially arranged cutting elements 10, also referred to as cutter legs.
  • the cutting member elements 10 are rotated around axis 4 in the direction denoted by R, and entrain hairs which extend through the openings 5 between the lamellae 3 of cap member 1.
  • the cutting end faces 11 of cutter elements 10 are in factional contact with the cap member lamellae surfaces.
  • cutting elements 10 are inclined with respect to the plane formed by the lamellae 3.
  • the cutting edges meaning those edges which come into contact with the lamellae 3 first, are denoted by 12 in figure IB.
  • a cutting end face 11 of a plasma nitrided cutting element 10 is shown.
  • the cutting end face 11 is more or less rectangular shaped with rounded off corner edges 13.
  • the lower edge 12 of the cutting end face 11 is the cutting edge.
  • the end face 11 comprises a hardened surface layer 14 covering substantially the entire circumferential surface of the end face 11 in an even manner.
  • the average thickness of the hardened surface layer 14 is about 5 ⁇ m.
  • the cutting end face 11 of the cutting element 10 is obtained by a method, wherein a cutting element is formed of stainless steel, for instance out of Sandvik 1RK91 maraging steel, according to well known practice.
  • the total surface of the cutting element is then hardened by subjecting it to a plasma nitriding process.
  • the process of forming the end face 11 may comprise providing a strip of stainless steel, forming the strip to a bended shape, and grinding away part of one end section thereof at an angle with the axial direction of the cutting element (which is curved due to the bended shape). Grinding or taking away of material is preferably performed by electrical discharge machining. Depending on the particular set of parameters used in hardening several thicknesses of the hardened surface layer 14 can be formed. This is shown in figure 3, where a different end face 11 is depicted, having on average a thicker hardened layer 14. Such an end face 11 will generally have a hardness balance in favour of the cutting element, at the expense of the cap lamellae.
  • the maraging and precipitation hardenable steels may first be hardened by an ageing heat treatment, and/or a precipitation- hardening step. Optionally this can be combined with the nitriding process.
  • the plasma nitriding process employed here is commonly known in the art.
  • the method according to the invention can obviously also be employed to other devices that are subjected to high wear and corrosive conditions, such as, but not limited to, razors, rotating knives, cutting tools, certain automotive parts etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément de coupe (10) destiné à être utilisé dans un rasoir électrique. L'élément de coupe est réalisé en acier inoxydable avec une couche superficielle durcie (14) sur au moins une partie de sa surface. L'invention se caractérise en ce que la face d'extrémité de coupe (11) de l'élément comporte une couche superficielle d'acier durci au moins sur son tranchant (12), le reste de la face d'extrémité comportant de l'acier inoxydable. L'élément de coupe présente des caractéristiques réglables d'auto-aiguisage et d'usure. L'invention concerne également un procédé de production de l'élément de coupe et un rasoir électrique comportant au moins un élément de coupe selon l'invention.
PCT/IB2008/051460 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 Élément de coupe, rasoir électrique muni d'un élément de coupe et procédé de production d'un tel élément WO2008126062A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2009141983/02A RU2473419C2 (ru) 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 Режущий элемент, электрическая бритва, оснащенная режущим элементом, и способ получения такого элемента
JP2010503650A JP5735272B2 (ja) 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 切断要素、切断要素を備えている電気シェーバ及びこのような要素を製造するための方法
EP08737882A EP2136971B1 (fr) 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 Élément de coupe, rasoir électrique muni d'un élément de coupe et procédé de production d'un tel élément
CN2008800121738A CN101657303B (zh) 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 切割元件、装备有切割元件的电动剃须刀以及生产该元件的方法
US12/595,249 US8806762B2 (en) 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 Cutting element, electric shaver provided with a cutting element

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07106213.7 2007-04-16
EP07106213A EP1982803A1 (fr) 2007-04-16 2007-04-16 Élément de découpe, rasoir électrique doté d'un élément de découpe et procédé de fabrication dudit élément

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008126062A1 true WO2008126062A1 (fr) 2008-10-23

Family

ID=38458177

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2008/051460 WO2008126062A1 (fr) 2007-04-16 2008-04-16 Élément de coupe, rasoir électrique muni d'un élément de coupe et procédé de production d'un tel élément

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8806762B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1982803A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5735272B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101657303B (fr)
RU (1) RU2473419C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008126062A1 (fr)

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AU2003247048A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Wear-resistant stainless cutting element of an electric shaver, electric shaver, and method of producing such a cutting element
BRPI1010577A2 (pt) 2009-05-15 2016-03-15 Gillette Co revestimento da lâmina de navalha.
EP2756971B1 (fr) * 2011-09-14 2018-07-04 Y-tec Corporation Élément creux et procédé de fabrication d'élément creux
CN103722573B (zh) * 2013-12-28 2015-12-30 苏州贝意迪机电科技有限公司 一种电动理发器
US10022845B2 (en) 2014-01-16 2018-07-17 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Tool bit
EP2950982B1 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2016-09-14 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Rasoir rotatif comprenant un élément en forme de disque
JP6339417B2 (ja) * 2014-05-30 2018-06-06 株式会社泉精器製作所 ロータリー式電気かみそり
NL2013035B1 (en) * 2014-06-19 2016-07-06 Veco B V Coated shaving foil.
JP6688049B2 (ja) * 2015-11-24 2020-04-28 マクセルイズミ株式会社 ロータリー式電気かみそりおよびロータリー式電気かみそりの内刃の製造方法
US20170217030A1 (en) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-03 Izumi Products Company Rotary electric shaver and method of manufacturing outer blade of rotary electric shaver
JP6383842B2 (ja) * 2017-07-21 2018-08-29 株式会社泉精器製作所 ロータリー式電気かみそりの内刃
WO2019109098A1 (fr) 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Outil rapporté résistant à l'usure
USD921468S1 (en) 2018-08-10 2021-06-08 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Driver bit
EP3659759A1 (fr) 2018-11-28 2020-06-03 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Unité de coupe de cheveux dotée d'une prévention du blocage de la lame
EP3753690A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-23 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Élément de protection destiné à être utilisé dans une unité de coupe de cheveux
CN111390978B (zh) * 2020-04-24 2024-06-18 中山市小石陶瓷刀片有限公司 一种往复式剃刀刀头及其制造方法

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GB2172833A (en) * 1985-03-29 1986-10-01 Izumi Seimitsu Kogyo Kk An inner rotary cutter for an electric shaver and a process for manufacturing same
EP0743144A2 (fr) * 1995-05-19 1996-11-20 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Assemblage coupant pour rasoir électrique
EP0743144B1 (fr) 1995-05-19 2000-10-11 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Assemblage coupant pour rasoir électrique
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WO2004015159A2 (fr) 2002-08-02 2004-02-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Element coupant inoxydable et resistant a l'usure de rasoir electrique, rasoir electrique et procede de production de cet element coupant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100139099A1 (en) 2010-06-10
RU2473419C2 (ru) 2013-01-27
EP2136971B1 (fr) 2012-09-26
EP2136971A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
CN101657303A (zh) 2010-02-24
JP5735272B2 (ja) 2015-06-17
EP1982803A1 (fr) 2008-10-22
US8806762B2 (en) 2014-08-19
RU2009141983A (ru) 2011-05-27
CN101657303B (zh) 2013-11-20
JP2010524553A (ja) 2010-07-22

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