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WO2008126054A2 - Dispositif pour la pyrolyse de matières organiques, et usine et procédé utilisant ce dispositif pour traiter des déchets contenant des matières organiques - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la pyrolyse de matières organiques, et usine et procédé utilisant ce dispositif pour traiter des déchets contenant des matières organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008126054A2
WO2008126054A2 PCT/IB2008/051421 IB2008051421W WO2008126054A2 WO 2008126054 A2 WO2008126054 A2 WO 2008126054A2 IB 2008051421 W IB2008051421 W IB 2008051421W WO 2008126054 A2 WO2008126054 A2 WO 2008126054A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
organic material
combustion chamber
inlet
pyrolysis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2008/051421
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008126054A3 (fr
Inventor
Antonio Polato
Original Assignee
Antonio Polato
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Antonio Polato filed Critical Antonio Polato
Publication of WO2008126054A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008126054A2/fr
Publication of WO2008126054A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008126054A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
    • B01D45/06—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by reversal of direction of flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
    • B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention finds application in the field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to an apparatus for pyrolysis of organic material.
  • the invention relates to a plant and method for treating organic material-wastes using the above apparatus.
  • Pyrolysis of organic material is known to provide a hydrocarbon-rich gas mixture that can be supplied to external points of use.
  • the organic material divides into the above mentioned gas fraction and a solid fraction containing carbon and coal products.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus comprises a combustion chamber, usually of cylindrical shape, which has means for loading organic material in substantially anaerobic conditions at the inlet thereof, means for feeding the organic material from the inlet to the outlet and means for heating it to a sufficient temperature for pyrolysis to occur.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks, by providing an apparatus for pyrolysis of organic mterial that is highly efficient and relatively cost-effective.
  • a particular object is to provide an apparatus for pyrolysis of organic material that allows elimination of the solid fraction entrained in the gas fraction, for the gas at the exit of the apparatus to be as "clean" as possible.
  • an apparatus for pyrolysis of organic material or the like comprising a combustion chamber having an inlet and an outlet, means for loading the organic material in substantially anaerobic conditions, located at the inlet of the combustion chamber, means for advancing the organic material from the inlet to the outlet of the combustion chamber and heating means for heating the combustion chamber to a sufficient temperature for at least partial pyrolysis or gasification of the organic material to occur, thereby providing at least one solid fraction and one hydrocarbon-rich gas fraction.
  • the apparatus comprises a second chamber in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber to receive the gas fraction. This comprises a plurality of baffles for guiding the gas fraction along the passage defined thereby and eliminate the entrained solid fraction.
  • the apparatus of the invention can remove the solid fraction that is inevitably entrained in the gas fraction, thereby minimizing the problems associated to a "dirty" gas fouling and obstructing the piping downstream from the apparatus.
  • baffles will ensure maximized performance of the pyrolysis reaction on organic material.
  • the invention relates to a facility for treating wastes containing organic material or the like, as defined in claim 19.
  • the invention relates to a method for treatment of wastes containing organic material or the like, as defined in claim 20.
  • FIG. 1 is an axonometric view of the apparatus of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the door 22 open
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is an axonometric view of a few details of the apparatus of the invention, particularly the combustion chamber 3 and the second chamber 18;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a few details of FIG. 4, as taken along a plane V-V;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a few details of FIG. 5, as taken along a plane W-W;
  • FIG. 7 is another sectional view of the details of FIG. 4, as taken along the plane V-V, with the screw conveyor omitted;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a facility for treating organic material- containing wastes using the apparatus of the invention.
  • the apparatus of the invention generally designated by numeral 1, will be particularly but not exclusively suitable for pyrolysis of organic material, such as organic effluents or wastes.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a support structure 2, which contains a combustion chamber 3, preferably of cylindrical shape extending along axis X, having an inlet 4 for the organic material to be treated and an outlet 5 for the solid fraction of the treated organic material.
  • the support structure 2 includes a framework 20 for supporting a box-like body 21 which holds the combustion chamber 3 therein.
  • the box-like body 21 has an access door 22 that can be opened by special handles 23, 23', 23", 23"' for introducing the combustion chamber 3 therein or removing it therefrom, or for maintenance purposes.
  • the organic material is loaded into the combustion chamber 3 using suitable means, generally designated by numeral 6, which are located at the inlet 4 of the chamber.
  • the loading means 6 may include a first substantially vertical pipe section 7 opening into a second substantially horizontal pipe section 8, which defines the inlet 4 of the combustion chamber 3.
  • a screw conveyor not shown but known per se, may be provided in each pipe section 7, 8.
  • the organic material may be contained in a loading hopper 11 whose outlet is connected with the vertical pipe section 7.
  • This embodiment of the loading means 6 ensures substantially anaerobic loading of the organic material into the combustion chamber 3.
  • the organic material in the two substantially perpendicular pipe sections 7, 8 creates a sort of plug to prevent air from entering the chamber 3.
  • a dryer, a separator or the like may be provided upstream therefrom.
  • Means 12 are provided in the combustion chamber 3 for the advancement of the organic material from the inlet 4 to the outlet 5 thereof.
  • the advancement means 12 may include a screw conveyor 13 coaxial with the combustion chamber 3, as schematically shown in Figure 5.
  • heating means may be provided for heating the combustion chamber 3 to a sufficient temperature for at least partial pyrolysis of the organic material.
  • a sufficient temperature may fall in a range from 400 0 C to 800 0 C, according to the amount and quality of the material to be treated.
  • pyrolysis and derivatives thereof, will be intended to indicate an organic biomass heat treatment occurring in the complete absence of oxidizing agents, e.g. without limitation oxygen, or in the presence of a small amount thereof.
  • the heating means 14 may include a plurality of burners 15, 15', ... oriented such that their flames are substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the combustion chamber 3. Thus, the flames will only lick the chamber without directly impinging upon it, thereby preventing any damage and/or deformation.
  • the apparatus 1 includes first control means 16 operating on the burners 15, 15', ... for adjusting their flames along the axis X of the combustion chamber.
  • the control means 16 operate on the burners 15, 15', ... to create three temperature control regions along the axis X, which are indicated in Figure 4 by dashed lines 17, 17', 17".
  • dashed lines 17, 17', 17" In the illustrated example, provided as a non limiting example of the invention, there are as many as 12 burners, and each temperature control region 17, 17', 17" includes 4 burners.
  • Each temperature control region 17, 17', 17" is independent and controlled by its respective PLC unit, not shown but well known per se.
  • a first temperature control temperature region 17 will be provided near the inlet 4 of the combustion chamber 3, a second one 17' will be provided near the outlet 5 and a third area 17" will be provided between the two. This ensures temperature control along the axis X so that, in case of sudden temperature changes at the outlet of the combustion chamber, i.e. near the second region 17', the PLCs of the other two regions 17 and 17' may be controlled to compensate for such temperature changes, and to provide as even a temperature profile as possible in the combustion chamber.
  • the apparatus 1 has a second chamber 18, also preferably of cylindrical shape, in fluid connection with the combustion chamber 3 to receive therefrom the gas fraction that has separated from the solid fraction during pyrolysis of the organic material.
  • the second chamber 18 is situated above and in contact with the combustion chamber 3.
  • the second chamber 18 has its axis X' substantially parallel to the axis X of the combustion chamber 3.
  • Contact between the combustion chamber 3 and the second chamber 18 is provided in such a manner that the side wall 19 of the combustion chamber 3 has a top opening 25 that defines the inlet of the second chamber 18, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the combustion chamber 3 and the second chamber 18 form a one-piece assembly, as best shown in Figure 5.
  • This configuration provides the apparent advantage that substantially identical and easily controllable temperatures and pressures are provided in both chambers, for improved performance of pyrolysis.
  • the two chambers 3 and 18 may be also distinct and spaced from each other, and in fluid connection, e.g. via a pipe, without departure from the inventive scope as defined in the annexed claims.
  • the hydrocarbon-rich gas fraction which separates from the carbon-based solid fraction during pyrolysis of the organic material, will be naturally led into the second chamber 18 via its inlet 25, without requiring any auxiliary tools, while inevitably entraining a part of the solid fraction, in particulate form.
  • the second chamber 18 also comprises a plurality of baffles 26, 26', 26"... for guiding the gas fraction along the passage defined thereby and eliminate the entrained solid fraction.
  • the gas fraction is thus forced between the gaps 27, 27', 27"... defined by the baffles 26, to impact thereagainst and separate from the solid fraction, the latter falling by gravity into the combustion chamber 3.
  • the baffles 26, 26', 26" By further contacting the baffles 26, 26', 26", ... the solid fraction will further react, thereby maximizing the gas fraction yield.
  • the baffles 26, 26', 26", ... may be arranged in two arrays, designated 28 and 28' respectively, to exert their separating action in several steps.
  • the baffles of the first array 28 are situated at the inlet 25 of the second chamber 18 and are parallel to each other and inclined to the axis X' thereof. In order to effectively perform its separating function, each of the baffles of the first array 28 extends over such a surface area as to almost occupy the whole cross section of the chamber 18.
  • each baffle of the first array 28 has a bottom edge 29 located at the inlet 25 of the second chamber 18, side edges 30, 30' in contact with the side portions 31, 31' of the peripheral wall 32 thereof and a top edge 33 placed near but not in contact with the upper portion 34 of the peripheral wall 32 of the second chamber 18, facing towards the second array 28' of baffles.
  • the baffles of the first array 28 occupy most of the volume of the second chamber 18, and can separate most of the solid fraction from the gas fraction.
  • the second chamber 18 will also contain a second array 28' of baffles, located at the upper portion 34 of the peripheral wall 32 thereof, to operate on the gas fraction that comes out of the first array of baffles 28.
  • the baffles of the second array 28' are parallel to each other and to the axis X 1 .
  • the gas fraction that comes out of the first array of baffles 28 will impact against the baffles of the second array 28, wherefore the residual solid fraction entrained therein will separate from the gas fraction itself.
  • each of the baffles of the second array 28' has a top edge 35 in contact with the upper portion 34 of the peripheral wall 32 of the second chamber 18 and a bottom edge 36 facing towards the top edge 33 of the baffles 33 of the first array 28.
  • the second chamber 18 may be located near the end portion 37 of the combustion chamber, preferably beyond half the length thereof, where the pyrolysis reaction is at an advanced stage, and the solid fraction is already in particulate form. Otherwise, the gas fraction might entrain a solid fraction of such a size as to affect proper operation of the apparatus.
  • the second chamber 18 further has a pipe 38 for connection with the external environment that might be connected, for example, with a fume scrubbing unit and/or with an external point-of-use.
  • the apparatus 1 may include means for controlling the operating pressure, generally designated by numeral 39, which are adapted to keep pressure controlled and substantially constant throughout the pyrolysis process.
  • Such second control means 39 may include a pressure gage 40 connected to a corresponding PLC unit, not shown but known per se, which is designed to keep pressure in the chambers 3 and 18 unaltered in spite of any external pressure changes.
  • this controlled pressure value falls in a range from 10 mm H2O to 200 mm H2O above atmospheric pressure. Preferably, this value is 40 mm H2O.
  • the apparatus 1 may be part of a facility for treating wastes W containing organic material OM, as shown in Figure 9.
  • This facility 50 may include an inlet 51 for the waste W to be treated, a collector 53 for the solid fraction SF and a collector 53 for the gas fraction GF coming out of the apparatus 1 , which are connected to the outlet 5 of the combustion chamber 3 and the pipe 38 of the second chamber 18 respectively.
  • These collectors may be, for example, storage vessels, possibly of pressurized type.
  • the hydrocarbon-rich gas fraction may be supplied therefrom to a point of use U, such as an engine or a generator.
  • Means 54 may be provided upstream from the apparatus 1 for separating the organic material OM from the wastes W, which means are known per se.
  • a fume scrubbing section 55 may be provided on the line that connects the outlet 38 for the gas fraction GF to the collector 53.
  • the operation of the facility 50 may include the following steps.
  • the first step consists in loading the wastes W to be treated, followed by separation of the organic material OM therefrom.
  • the organic material so obtained is pyrolyzed by the apparatus 1 , to obtain a solid fraction SF and a gas fraction GF. These two fractions are thence stored in respective collectors 52 and 53.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) pour la pyrolyse de matières organiques, qui comprend une chambre de combustion (3) comportant une entrée (4) et une sortie (5), des moyens de chargement (6) de matières organiques situés à l'entrée (4) de la chambre de combustion, des moyens (12) de transport pour transporter les matières organiques de l'entrée (4) vers la sortie (5) de la chambre de combustion (3), des moyens de chauffe (14) pour chauffer ladite chambre à une température suffisante afin de produire une pyrolyse au moins partielle des matières organiques permettant d'obtenir au moins une fraction solide et au moins une fraction gazeuse. Le dispositif comprend de plus une seconde chambre (18) reliée de manière fluidique avec la chambre de combustion (3) afin de recevoir la fraction gazeuse. La seconde chambre (18) comprend en outre une pluralité de chicanes (26, 26', 26'...) pour guider la fraction gazeuse suivant un passage défini par celles-ci et éliminer la fraction solide entraînée. L'invention concerne une usine et un procédé utilisant le dispositif (1) décrit pour traiter des déchets contenant des matières organiques.
PCT/IB2008/051421 2007-04-13 2008-04-14 Dispositif pour la pyrolyse de matières organiques, et usine et procédé utilisant ce dispositif pour traiter des déchets contenant des matières organiques WO2008126054A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SM200700014A SM200700014B (it) 2007-04-13 2007-04-13 Apparato per la pirolisi di materiale organico, nonchè impianto e metodo di trattamento di reflui contenenti materiale organico impieganti tale apparato
SMSM-A-200700014 2007-04-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008126054A2 true WO2008126054A2 (fr) 2008-10-23
WO2008126054A3 WO2008126054A3 (fr) 2009-02-05

Family

ID=39745467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2008/051421 WO2008126054A2 (fr) 2007-04-13 2008-04-14 Dispositif pour la pyrolyse de matières organiques, et usine et procédé utilisant ce dispositif pour traiter des déchets contenant des matières organiques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SM (1) SM200700014B (fr)
WO (1) WO2008126054A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL64152C (fr) *
GB402075A (en) * 1932-05-18 1933-11-20 Percy George Ryder Separation of dust or other particles from air or gases
DE726198C (de) * 1940-10-24 1942-10-08 Wilhelm Schlief Dipl Ing Reinigungs- und Kuehlvorrichtung aus Metall fuer Generatorgas
AU422482B2 (en) * 1967-06-19 1972-03-20 The Colonial Sugar Refining Company Limited Entrainment arrestor
US4176082A (en) * 1977-05-13 1979-11-27 West Clarence W Closed smoke generating apparatus
IT1091641B (it) * 1977-12-30 1985-07-06 Fiat Veicoli Ind Dispositivo di presa d aria per motori a combustione interna
US4568425A (en) * 1984-05-23 1986-02-04 Putnam Gilbert D Pyrolysis machine and process
CA2282176A1 (fr) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-23 Jose Manuel Lago Lucio Installation de traitement des ordures solides
CA2351892C (fr) * 2001-06-29 2008-08-26 Peter B. Fransham Methode de conversion d'une matiere d'alimentation carbonee en liquide, produit de carbonisation et gaz
US6758150B2 (en) * 2001-07-16 2004-07-06 Energy Associates International, Llc System and method for thermally reducing solid and liquid waste and for recovering waste heat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SM200700014B (it) 2009-11-06
SM200700014A (it) 2008-10-15
WO2008126054A3 (fr) 2009-02-05

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