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WO2008107865A2 - Détection de contaminants dans un fluide - Google Patents

Détection de contaminants dans un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008107865A2
WO2008107865A2 PCT/IL2007/000273 IL2007000273W WO2008107865A2 WO 2008107865 A2 WO2008107865 A2 WO 2008107865A2 IL 2007000273 W IL2007000273 W IL 2007000273W WO 2008107865 A2 WO2008107865 A2 WO 2008107865A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contaminants
analyte
fluid
liquid
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2007/000273
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008107865A3 (fr
Inventor
Alex Keinan
Original Assignee
Bas Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bas Ltd. filed Critical Bas Ltd.
Priority to PCT/IL2007/000273 priority Critical patent/WO2008107865A2/fr
Publication of WO2008107865A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008107865A2/fr
Publication of WO2008107865A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008107865A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
    • G01N33/56911—Bacteria
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
    • B01D47/021—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath by bubbling the gas through a liquid bath
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2211—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with cyclones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
    • G01N2001/2217—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption using a liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a means and method of detecting the presence of contaminants in a fluid. More specifically the invention relates to the detection and identification of contaminants in the air
  • US Patent 4,459,266 which suggests a light, easy to use system for the testing of compressed gases used in respiration.
  • US Patent 6,583,726 describes an early warning and containment system to be fitted into the duct work providing ventilation for a building. This system detects contaminants present in the air flowing through optical detectors capable of detecting either biological or chemical agents and shuts down the flow upon their detection. However, concentration of contaminants in gas is low making their detection problematic. A system which increases the concentration of the contaminants in the analysed sample could improve detection methods.
  • It is thus one object of the present invention to disclose a detector of the presence of contaminants in a fluid comprising a collection means by which an analyte sample is collected; a capturing means by which any contaminants within the analyte are isolated and an identification means by which the contaminants are identified.
  • the collection means comprises a cyclonic collection unit comprising at least one aerosol injection jet, which delivers fine liquid droplets into a stream of gas, to which contaminants in the gas become attached; at least one cyclonic separator, into which said gas and droplets is drawn and in which a vortex is formed separating the gas from suspended water droplets, and at least one collection reservoir, where said separated water droplets collect to form a concentrated analyte.
  • the identification means comprises a plurality of detection systems selected from inter alia immunological detection kits based upon antigenic recognition, optical sensors, NMR sensors, chemical detection means or any combination thereof, which are used to analyse fluid samples, concentrated analytes or attachment platforms so as to detect contaminants contained therein.
  • It is another object of the present invention to disclose a method of detecting the presence of contaminants in a fluid comprising a collecting an analyte sample; isolating any contaminants within said analyte and identifying said contaminants.
  • a plurality of detection systems selected from inter alia immunological detection kits based upon antigenic recognition, optical sensors, NMR sensors, chemical detection means or any combination thereof, which are used to analyse fluid samples, concentrated analytes or attachment platforms and thereby detecting contaminants contained therein.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of a system for detection of contaminants in a fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified illustration of a mixer collection unit for use in a detector of contaminants in a fluid according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified illustration of a biological trap for use in a detector of contaminants in a fluid, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a simplified illustration of a laser detection unit for use in a detector of contaminants in a fluid, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified illustration of a cyclonic collection unit, according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified illustration of a system for detection of contaminants in a fluid according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 'analyte' refers hereinafter to any substance undergoing analysis.
  • 'contaminant' refers hereinafter to any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance not normally present or found at unusually high concentrations.
  • 'cyclonic collection unit' refers hereinafter to a unit adapted to the collection of an analyte particularly through the use of cyclonic separation.
  • the term 'identification unit' refers hereinafter to a unit adapted to the analysis of the analyte and the identification of contaminants contained within it.
  • 'aerosol injection jet' refers hereinafter to a nozzle adapted to deliver particles or droplets to a gas stream of sufficiently small dimensions that said particles are suspended in the gas stream.
  • vortex' refers hereinafter to a flow of fluid about an axis, particularly turbulent flow.
  • 'cyclonic separator' refers hereinafter to a device designed to remove particles from a stream of gas by creating a high speed rotating air-flow within a conical container forcing particulate matter to the outside wall. As the rotating air-flow moves towards the narrow end of the conical container the forces steadily increase enabling the separation of increasingly fine particles.
  • the term 'collection reservoir' refers hereinafter to the liquids that gather in a receptacle situated at the bottom of the cyclonic separator. These liquids are forced to the walls by the forces produced by the rotating air-flow of the vortex.
  • 'detection kit' refers hereinafter to a kit designed to detect the presence of contaminants present in a sample.
  • 'NMR' refers hereinafter to nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, particularly where used to identify molecular structure.
  • 'expiry date' refers hereinafter to the date after which the use of a detection kit is not recommended by the manufacturer of the kit or any other regulating body. It is according to one embodiment of the present invention to present a detector of the presence of contaminants in a fluid comprising a collection means by which an analyte sample is collected; a capturing means by which any contaminants within said analyte are isolated and an identification means by which said contaminants are identified.
  • Contaminants might include biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms; substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulphurous oxides, or other industrial by-products including greenhouse gases; or physical agents, such as natural radon gas or other radioactive elements. It is noted that detection of such contaminants in air is useful in industrial, environmental and defence contexts, including as prevention of terror attacks.
  • the system can be ran either in a continuous or a sampling mode.
  • continuous mode the cyclonic collection unit (and/or mixer unit) collects gases continually whilst the identification unit periodically analyses the collected analyte.
  • sampling mode the collection unit collects gases for a limited period and the collected analyte for that period is analysed.
  • the collection means comprises a cyclonic collection unit comprising at least one aerosol injection jet, which delivers fine liquid droplets into a stream of gas, to which contaminants in the gas become attached; at least one cyclonic separator, into which said gas and droplets is drawn and in which a vortex is formed separating the gas from suspended water droplets, and at least one collection reservoir, where said separated water droplets collect to form a concentrated analyte.
  • the rate of influx of gases into the cyclonic separator can be determined by the parameters of its air pump such as it's the number of rotations its rotor performs per minute. Other factors affecting the influx rate are the dimensions of the opening of the cyclonic separator itself.
  • the capturing means comprises a filtration and separation means which can distinguish between different contaminants by properties selected from inter alia their size, density, particle consistency, weight, resonant frequency, colour, saturation point, boiling or melting point or any other physical, chemical or biological property or combination thereof, for example an acoustic separator. It is another embodiment of the present invention to disclose a detector of the presence of contaminants in a fluid, wherein the capturing means comprises a specific diagnostic unit, through which the analyte is introduced a plurality of times, and which comprises specific immunological detection kits adapted to detect targeted contaminants such as microorganisms.
  • the capturing means comprises a biological trap comprising a plurality of attachment platforms upon which antibodies for specific biological agents are affixed and a means of bringing the analyte into sufficient proximity with said platforms that biological agents carried by the analyte become attached to said antibodies.
  • liquid analyte enters the specific diagnostic unit through a plastic or glass tube. Samples can flow through the unit either in series along the same tube or in parallel through multiple channels. It is noted that electronic signals may be transmitted upon detection of a target contaminant which could trigger some alarm for example an audio or visual indication.
  • the identification means comprises a plurality of detection systems selected from inter alia immunological detection kits based upon antigenic recognition, optical sensors, NMR sensors, chemical detection means or any combination thereof, which are used to analyse fluid samples, concentrated analytes or attachment platforms so as to detect contaminants contained therein.
  • It is another embodiment of the present invention to disclose a method of detecting the presence of contaminants in a fluid comprising a collecting an analyte sample; isolating any contaminants within said analyte and identifying said contaminants.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a system for detection of contaminants in a fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Air is pimped to a mixer 2 and to a cyclonic collection unit 1.
  • Unit 1 includes two cyclonic separators, and is connected to a liquid tank 7, which contains water or other collection fluid suitable for the attachment of contaminants.
  • Liquid analyte thus collected in unit 1 passes through a flow sensor 3 and a filter 4 into a separator 5.
  • additional solutions 6 may be introduced by a controller 19 so as to facilitate separation.
  • the analyte then passes into the capturing means 10, before being transferred to a biological trap 12, where biological agents contained in the analyte are attached to antibodies.
  • the analyte continues to a flow distributor 16, where it is mixed with additional liquids introduced from a tank 8.
  • the level of liquid in tank 8 is controlled by a sensor 9.
  • the analyte is filtered by a filter separator 14, before being recycled by controller 19.
  • the attached biological agents are analysed by a laser detector 15 and a general detector 17, which deliver a signal to an output interface 18, such as a light, siren, video display unit or other such indicator.
  • a store 11 of traps contains a number of reserve biological traps and may exchange the biological traps by means of an automatic container 13.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a mixer collection unit for use in a detector of contaminants in a fluid, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Gas enters the unit through a nozzle 201 and passes into an immersion tube 202 leading into a reservoir 203 that contains water or other collection fluid suitable for the attachment of contaminants.
  • Gas passes through reservoir 203 into a cylindrical jacket 204 that surrounds immersion tube 202.
  • drops of the collection fluid are caught by a helical drip guard 205 running the length of jacket 204. These drops fall back to reservoir 203 where they are collected. Samples of this liquid are tapped by an analysis unit 207, and pass through the capture and identification units of the detector before being recycled into the reservoir.
  • FIG. 3 illustrate examples of biological traps for use in a detector of contaminants in a fluid, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the analyte enters the trap through an inlet nozzle 301, and passes through a number of parallel tubes 302.
  • Each tube 302 is lined with antibodies to which biological agents, carried by the analyte, attach themselves before exiting through outlets 303.
  • An optical assembly may be provided that includes a laser 406 driven by a driver 402, one or more lenses 407, 409 and 414, one or more collimators 408 and 410, at least one photosensor 416 used with an amplifier 417, an optical shield 413, and an optical filter 415.
  • a slide 412 may contain a sample taken from material that was trapped in a biological trap 405. The slide 412 may be imaged using the optical assembly. The slide 412 may be moved by a stepper motor 404, controlled by a motion controlling unit 403, such that the laser beam scans the whole length of the slide.
  • the detected beam which has passed through the slide is detected using the photosensor 416.
  • the amplified signal from photosensor 416 and amplifier 417 is transmitted to a controller 401, which provides an output to some unit such as a computer 420, alarm 421 or display 419.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a cyclonic collection unit, according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Air carrying suspended aerosol droplets enters the unit from an inlet 502 and passes into a primary cyclonic separator 501, in which a vortex is formed which forces the droplets to the sidewalls.
  • the droplets may be collected in a primary reservoir 503.
  • the air flows from primary cyclonic separator 501 through a connecting pipe 505 into a secondary cyclonic separator 511, in which further droplets are separated out and collected in a secondary collection reservoir 513, before the air flows out through an outlet 512.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a system for detection of contaminants in a fluid according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system includes a level tank 601, in which the liquid level is generally constant, a liquid tank 602, in which the liquid required for operating the system is stored over the long time, a cyclone 606, mixer 605, cooling unit 604, air ducts 603 and 611, nozzle 607, liquid pumps 609.1, 609.2 and 609.3, air pump 608 and internal and external air compressors 610 and 612.
  • the liquid pump 609.1 pumps liquid from level tank 601 to nozzle 607, while at the same time air pump 608 compresses air to nozzle 607, thereby creating a liquid mist.
  • External air compressor 612 draws air to cyclone 606, which separates liquid particles from the air flow.
  • the drier air exits via air duct 611.
  • the liquid particles from the air flow join the liquid mist at the entrance to cyclone 606.
  • the liquid that accumulates at the bottom of cyclone 606 is pumped by pump 609.2 to mixer 605, in which a small amount of liquid is found.
  • Internal air compressor 610 forces external air into mixer 605.
  • Pump 609.3 pumps fluid from mixer 605 to the biological detector and back to level tank 601. The whole cycle is thus a controlled, closed loop cycle.
  • Bound antibodies were detected using an anti rabbit IgG antibody linked to Horseradish-peroxidase and an ECLTM (Enzyme Linked Chemiluminescent) Western Blotting System (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).
  • ECLTM Enzyme Linked Chemiluminescent
  • the maximum light emission is at a wavelength of 428nm which can be detected by a short exposure to blue-light sensitive autoradiography film Black dots on the negative clearly showed that antibodies were bound to the glass surface of the slide in distinct dot aria.
  • the present detection method does not show dependency on the concentration of the antibody because the signal is saturated even for the lowest concentration of Antibody (40 ⁇ g/ml).
  • ECL (enzyme linked chemiluminescent) based immuno-detection is designed for the detection of minute amounts of antibodies. In order to see concentration dependence of antibody binding, a lower range of antibody concentrations should be studied.
  • This modification allows different conjugation strategies, such as using silanization protocol to functionalize the glass surface with thiol groups and subsequent ional antibody binding through bifunctional crosslinker 6-Maleimidohexanoic acid N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (SPDP).
  • silanization protocol to functionalize the glass surface with thiol groups
  • subsequent ional antibody binding through bifunctional crosslinker 6-Maleimidohexanoic acid N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (SPDP).
  • Bacteria were grown overnight and resuspended in PBS to about 10 9 cells per ml.
  • a 40 ⁇ l antibody solution (1 mg/ml) or control solution (1 mg/ml BSA) was deposited on pieces of CMT-GAP II Slides (Corning, NY) slides and allowed to dry overnight. Both slides were first blocked by PBS buffer/low fat milk for 30 min and then washed by PBS buffer. Both slides were incubated for 15 min with shaking in 10 9 cells/ml bacteria suspension and afterwards rinsed 3 times with PBS buffer.
  • An 8 ⁇ l fixing solution was added on the treated glass aria (20% glycerol, 0.4 mM Sodium Azide) and coverslips were placed on the fixed preparate and the slides were sealed with lake.
  • an ultra-thin detector cuvettes were built by the following procedure. Slides were cut into 18 mm wide strips and were coated with anti-S. aureus antibody (40 ⁇ l of 1 mg/ml antibody solution) or with control solution (40 ⁇ l of 1 mg/ml BSA solution). After incubation with the antibody, the slides were blocked with 3% milk and then washed by PBS. Cuvettes were assembled by inserting 2 mm thick coverslips on both sides as spacers, with both antibody coated sides facing inwards.
  • the ultra-thin cuvette was created to increase the sensitivity of the system. In functional conditions the system will work in the continuous mode. In the case of high bacteria content in the air, the relatively high turbidity of the solution may mask the signal of bound bacteria. At a path length of 1 cm a 10 8 bacteria per ml will cause absorption of 0.2 OD units, while a single layer of bacteria bound to a glass slide will absorb less. In the cuvette with a small thickness the bound bacteria would be masked with a less degree.
  • both control and antibody cuvette Initially, after the first load of bacteria, to both control and antibody cuvette, the spectra should be identical, since both cuvettes contain the same amount of bacteria relative to the bacteria concentration in the fed bacterial suspension.
  • the ultra-thin cuvette design avoids the problem of high turbidity in the solution, even at 10 9 bacteria per ml the signal from the solution remains low and does not mask the signal obtained from the bound bacteria to the slide surface. This means that even a very low signal of bound bacteria can be optically detected as the difference between control and antibody containing cuvette.
  • Suitable connections may be made that split the flow through both cuvettes (experimental and control), and provide double optical detection and electronic analysis for the detection of differences in absorption.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détecteur permettant de détecter la présence de contaminants dans un fluide, comprenant un moyen de prélèvement permettant de prélever un échantillon d'une substance à analyser, un moyen de capture permettant d'isoler les contaminants éventuellement présents dans la substance à analyser, ainsi qu'un moyen d'identification permettant d'identifier les contaminants.
PCT/IL2007/000273 2007-03-04 2007-03-04 Détection de contaminants dans un fluide WO2008107865A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IL2007/000273 WO2008107865A2 (fr) 2007-03-04 2007-03-04 Détection de contaminants dans un fluide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IL2007/000273 WO2008107865A2 (fr) 2007-03-04 2007-03-04 Détection de contaminants dans un fluide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008107865A2 true WO2008107865A2 (fr) 2008-09-12
WO2008107865A3 WO2008107865A3 (fr) 2009-04-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2007/000273 WO2008107865A2 (fr) 2007-03-04 2007-03-04 Détection de contaminants dans un fluide

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2008107865A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107748174A (zh) * 2017-11-25 2018-03-02 王会会 一种水质检测装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6096563A (en) * 1996-03-29 2000-08-01 Strategic Diagnostics Inc. Dual particle immunoassay method and kit
EP1247094A4 (fr) * 2000-01-06 2006-10-04 Biosite Diagnostics Inc DOSAGE POUR LA DETECTION DE i BACILLUS ANTHRACIS /i
US20050056313A1 (en) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-17 Hagen David L. Method and apparatus for mixing fluids

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107748174A (zh) * 2017-11-25 2018-03-02 王会会 一种水质检测装置

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008107865A3 (fr) 2009-04-16

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