WO2008104541A1 - Method for producing polyester alcohols - Google Patents
Method for producing polyester alcohols Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008104541A1 WO2008104541A1 PCT/EP2008/052316 EP2008052316W WO2008104541A1 WO 2008104541 A1 WO2008104541 A1 WO 2008104541A1 EP 2008052316 W EP2008052316 W EP 2008052316W WO 2008104541 A1 WO2008104541 A1 WO 2008104541A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alcohols
- carboxylic acid
- acid
- functional
- succinic acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 trimethylopropane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CO QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1NC2 QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCCC(CN=C=O)C1 XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKYNWXNXXHWHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatopropane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCN=C=O IKYNWXNXXHWHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methylpentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CCCN=C=O AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTFSEWQOIIZLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-diisocyanatoheptane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCN=C=O UTFSEWQOIIZLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUPKOUOXSNGVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diisocyanatooctane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCN=C=O QUPKOUOXSNGVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOQVGIBXRRGAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-3-(isocyanatomethyl)pentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(CC)CCN=C=O YOQVGIBXRRGAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCO YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBZZJNPUANNABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(CCO)C=C1 LBZZJNPUANNABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- KMHZPJNVPCAUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erbon Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)OCCOC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl KMHZPJNVPCAUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L diacetyloxytin Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Sn]OC(C)=O PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYBNTRWJKQJDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dodecanoate;tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O PYBNTRWJKQJDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical class O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
- C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/664—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/85—Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyester alcohols, the polyester alcohols prepared by this process and their use for the preparation of polyurethanes.
- polyester alcohols by polycondensation reactions of polybasic carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols or polyols has been described many times.
- polyester alcohols are preferably carried out for the production of polyurethanes, hereinafter also referred to as PUR, in particular of flexible polyurethane foam, rigid polyurethane foam or non-cellular PUR materials.
- PUR polyurethanes
- the different fields of application require a concrete selection of the input products and the polycondensation technology to be carried out.
- polyfunctional aromatic and / or aliphatic carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and di-, tri- and / or higher-functional alcohols, in particular glycols for the preparation of the polyester alcohols.
- the starting materials are usually reacted at temperatures of 150-280 0 C under atmospheric pressure and or a slight vacuum in the presence of catalysts with removal of the water of reaction with each other to implement.
- the usual technology is z.
- polybasic carboxylic acids it is possible to use both aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid, or aliphatic carboxylic acids.
- adipic acid has the greatest technical importance.
- succinic acid optionally in admixture with other carboxylic acids, is used.
- Succinic acid is used, for example, for the production of biodegradable products.
- Succinic acid can be produced by petrochemical or microbial fermentation of carbohydrates. It is generally desirable to increase the share of products based on renewable raw materials.
- a microbacterial synthesis for the production of succinic acid is described for example in US 5,869,301.
- the organically produced succinic acid usually has an increased content of compounds containing nitrogen atoms. These compounds can have a very disadvantageous effect especially in the further processing of succinic acid to polyester alcohols and their conversion to polyurethanes.
- JP 2005-139287 describes a process for the preparation of polyesters prepared using biologically produced succinic acid.
- the succinic acid was purified after separation from the fermentation by repeated recrystallization.
- the polyesters produced using succinic acid have a nitrogen compound content of less than 1000 ppm.
- the polyesters are not polyester alcohols, ie intermediates for further processing, but finished products.
- polyester alcohols which are produced on the basis of renewable raw materials. They should be manufacturable without problems and can be processed into polyurethanes with good performance properties.
- the object could be achieved by using succinic acid, which was produced biologically by fermentation of carbohydrates, for the production of the polyester alcohols.
- the invention accordingly provides a process for the preparation of polyester alcohols by reacting
- the invention furthermore relates to the polyester alcohols produced by the process according to the invention.
- the invention further provides a process for the preparation of polyurethanes by reacting A) polyisocyanates with B) compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, characterized in that as compounds at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms B) the polyester alcohols according to the invention are used.
- the preparation of the polyester alcohols by the process according to the invention is carried out as described by reacting succinic acid, which has been produced biologically by fermentation of carbohydrates, with at least difunctional alcohols.
- succinic acid can be formed by anaerobic microorganisms as a fermentation product of sugars and cellulose.
- the separation of the succinic acid can take place in the form of their salts and esters by means of electrodialysis.
- succinic acid ai produced by biological processes has a content of nitrogen. This results mostly from degradation products in the biological production of succinic acid by means of bacteria.
- the content of nitrogen expressed as elemental nitrogen, depending on the production and the purification of the succinic acid, usually in the range between greater than 0 and 500 ppm.
- the biologically produced succinic acid ai) can surprisingly be used without any problems for the preparation of polyester alcohols.
- the nitrogen atom-containing compounds have no negative effect on the reaction of succinic acid with the alcohols and on the processing properties of the resulting polyester alcohols. This was due to the catalytic effect of such compounds, especially in the production of polyurethanes, not expected for the skilled person.
- the biologically-derived succinic acid ai) may be used alone or in combination with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii).
- the succinic acid is used in admixture with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids, since polyester alcohols, in the production of which only succinic acid was used, often have insufficient hydrolytic stability, an increased viscosity and an undesirable crystallization tendency.
- the biologically produced succinic acid ai) is preferably used in a mixture with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii). In principle, all known at least difunctional carboxylic acids can be used for this purpose. These can be used as acid and / or in the form of the anhydrides.
- At least difunctional aromatic carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid.
- the biologically prepared succinic acid ai) is preferably used in admixture with aliphatic at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii). In the simplest case, this may be succinic acid prepared by another process. An aliphatic at least difunctional carboxylic acid other than succinic acid is preferably used.
- the aliphatic at least difunctional carboxylic acids are preferably selected from the group comprising oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and adipic acid.
- the at least two-functional aliphatic carboxylic acid aii) is adipic acid.
- the weight ratio of the carboxylic acid ai) to the carboxylic acid aii) is in the range from 10:90 to 90:10, particularly preferably in the range from 70:30 to 30:70.
- the polyhydroxy compound are all at least dihydric alcohols, preferably di- to six-functional compounds such as monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1, 3rd propanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylopropane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
- the trihydric or higher functional alcohols serve to increase the functionality of the polyester alcohols.
- alcohols bi) are glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
- the higher-functional compounds are used in particular for the production of polyether alcohols for hard foam applications. It is also possible to use oligomeric or polymeric products having at least two hydroxyl groups. Examples of these are polytetrahydrofuran, polylactones, polyglycerol, polyether alcohols, polyester alcohols or ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxypolybutadiene.
- difunctional alcohols in particular monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or mixtures of at least two of the diols mentioned.
- the at least difunctional alcohol is particularly preferably monoethylene glycol or mixtures of monoethylene glycol with at least one further alcohol.
- the preparation of the polyester alcohols is, as described, carried out by reacting the polyfunctional carboxylic acids with the polyfunctional alcohols with removal of the water.
- a stirred tank reactor with stirrer and distillation column is used to carry out the process.
- This apparatus is usually a closed system and can generally be evacuated by means of a vacuum pump.
- the educts are heated with stirring and preferably with exclusion of air (for example in a nitrogen atmosphere or under reduced pressure).
- the water formed in the polycondensation is preferably distilled off at low pressure or a continuously decreasing pressure (see Batchwise Vacuum-Melt method, Houben-Weyl 14/2, 2).
- the reaction temperature is preferably between 150 and 280 0 C.
- the pressure is gradually reduced in the course of the reaction, the final pressure is preferably below 200 mbar. At this pressure, the reaction is continued until the desired degree of conversion.
- the reaction may be catalyst-free or, preferably, in the presence of esterification catalysts, conveniently in an atmosphere of inert gases, e.g. Nitrogen, helium, or argon take place.
- inert gases e.g. Nitrogen, helium, or argon take place.
- acidic catalysts such as toluenesulfonic acids, but preferably organometallic compounds, in particular those based on titanium or tin, such as titanium tetrabutoxide or tin (II) octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin chloride.
- the organic carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols are preferably polycondensed in a molar ratio of 1: 1, 01 to 1, 8, preferably 1: 1, 05 to 1, 2.
- the polyester alcohols according to the invention preferably have a hydroxyl number in the range between 30 and 600 mg KOH / g and an acid number of not more than 2 mg KOH / g.
- novel compounds can preferably be used for the preparation of polyurethanes. For this you are reacted with at least two-functional isocyanates.
- the polyurethanes may be the usual and known compounds, for example compact polyurethanes, such as cast elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers. If blowing agents are present during the reaction, polyurethane foams are formed. Depending on the formulation, these may be rigid foams, flexible foams or microcellular elastomers.
- thermoplastic elastomers TPU
- TPU thermoplastic elastomers
- thermoplastic elastomers The preparation of the thermoplastic elastomers is carried out by reacting diisocyanates with compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, preferably difunctional alcohols.
- Suitable diisocyanates are customary aromatic, aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, for example diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl pentamethylene diisocyanate 1, 5, 2-ethyl butylene diisocyanate 1, 4, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 1, 4 and / or 1, 3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1-methyl-2,4- and / or -2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4'
- polyester alcohols according to the invention are used.
- generally known polyhydroxyl compounds having molecular weights of 500 to 8,000, preferably 600 to 6,000, especially 800 to 4,000, and preferably an average functionality of 1, 8 to 2.6, preferably 1, 9 to 2.2, in particular 2 be used, for example, polyester alcohols, polyether alcohols and / or polycarbonate diols.
- Isocyanate-reactive compounds also include chain extenders.
- chain extenders it is possible to use generally known, especially difunctional compounds, for example diamines and / or alkanediols having 2 to 10 C atoms in the alkylene radical, in particular ethylene glycol and / or butanediol-1, 4, and / or hexanediol and / or di- and / or Tri-oxyalkylen- glycols having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the oxyalkylene, preferably corresponding oligo-polyoxypropylene glycols, mixtures of the chain extenders can be used.
- difunctional compounds for example diamines and / or alkanediols having 2 to 10 C atoms in the alkylene radical, in particular ethylene glycol and / or butanediol-1, 4, and / or hexanediol and / or di- and / or Tri-oxyalkylen- glycol
- chain extender 1,4-bis- (hydroxymethyl) - benzene (1,4-BHMB), 1,4-bis (hydroxyethyl) benzene (1,4-BHEB) or 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (1,4-HQEE) come.
- Preferred chain extenders are ethylene glycol and hexanediol, particularly preferably ethylene glycol.
- catalysts which accelerate the reaction between the NCO groups of the diisocyanates and the hydroxyl groups of the synthesis components, for example tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) - ethanol, diazabicyclo- (2,2,2) octane and the like, and in particular organic metal compounds such as titanic acid esters, iron compounds such as Iron (I M) acetylacetonate, tin compounds such as tin diacetate, tin dilaurate or the tin dialkyl salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate or the like.
- the catalysts are usually used in amounts of 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyhydroxyl compound.
- catalysts can be added to the structural components to also conventional auxiliaries. Mention may be made, for example, of surface-active substances, flame retardants, nucleating agents, lubricants and mold release agents, dyes and pigments, inhibitors, stabilizers against hydrolysis, light, heat, oxidation or discoloration, protective agents against microbial degradation, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcing agents and plasticizers.
- the preparation of the TPU is usually carried out by conventional methods, such as by belt systems or by means of reaction extruders.
- polyurethanes produced according to the invention have comparable properties to those based on petrochemically produced succinic acid. Also in the production of polyurethanes there are no differences to other products.
- the resulting brown, liquid polyester alcohol had the following characteristics:
- Viscosity 700 mPa s at 75 0 C.
- the resulting brown, liquid polyester alcohol had the following characteristics:
- thermoplastic polyurethanes As can be seen, there are no differences in the properties of the thermoplastic polyurethanes.
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Abstract
The object of the invention is a method for producing polyester alcohols by reacting a) at least one at least bifunctional carboxylic acid with b) at least one at least bifunctional alcohol, characterized in that succinic acid ai) is used as the bifunctional carboxylic acid a), the succinic acid having been produced biologically by the fermentation of carbohydrates.
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyesteralkoholen Process for the preparation of polyester alcohols
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyesteralkoholen, die nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Polyesteralkohole sowie deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyester alcohols, the polyester alcohols prepared by this process and their use for the preparation of polyurethanes.
Die Herstellung von Polyesteralkoholen durch Polykondensationsreaktionen von mehrwertigen Carbonsäuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen bzw. Polyolen ist vielfach beschrieben worden. Beispielhaft genannt sei das Kunststoffhandbuch, Band VII, Polyurethane, Carl- Hanser-Verlag, München 1. Auflage 1966, herausgegeben von Dr. R Vieweg und Dr. A. Höchtlen, sowie 2. Auflage 1983 und die 3. neubearbeitete Auflage 1993, herausgegeben von Dr. G. Oertel.The preparation of polyester alcohols by polycondensation reactions of polybasic carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols or polyols has been described many times. The plastic handbook, volume VII, Polyurethane, Carl Hanser publishing house, Munich 1st edition 1966, published by Dr. med. R Vieweg and dr. A. Höchtlen, as well as 2nd edition 1983 and the 3rd revised edition 1993, edited by Dr. med. G. Oertel.
Die Anwendung dieser Polyesteralkohole erfolgt vorzugsweise zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen, im folgenden auch als PUR bezeichnet, insbesondere von PUR- Weichschaum, PUR-Hartschaum oder nicht zellulären PUR-Materialien. Die unterschiedlichen Einsatzgebiete bedingen eine konkrete Auswahl der Einsatzprodukte und der durchzuführenden Polykondensationstechnologie. Bekannt ist der Einsatz mehr- funktioneller aromatischer und/oder aliphatischer Carbonsäuren bzw. deren Anhydride und di-, tri- und /oder höherfunktionellen Alkoholen, insbesondere von Glykolen, zur Herstellung der Polyesteralkohole. Die Einsatzstoffe werden zumeist bei Temperaturen von 150-2800C unter Normaldruck und oder leichtem Vakuum im Beisein von Katalysatoren unter Entzug des Reaktionswassers miteinander zur Umsetzung gebracht. Die übliche Technologie ist z. B. in DE-A-2904184 beschrieben und besteht in der Umsetzung der Reaktionskomponenten mit einem geeigneten Katalysator bei gleichzeitiger Temperaturerhöhung und Druckabsenkung. Die Temperaturen und das Vakuum werden dann im Laufe der Synthese weiter verändert. Die Polykondensationsreaktionen können sowohl in Gegenwart als auch in Abwesenheit eines Lösungsmittels durchge- führt werden.The use of these polyester alcohols is preferably carried out for the production of polyurethanes, hereinafter also referred to as PUR, in particular of flexible polyurethane foam, rigid polyurethane foam or non-cellular PUR materials. The different fields of application require a concrete selection of the input products and the polycondensation technology to be carried out. It is known to use polyfunctional aromatic and / or aliphatic carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and di-, tri- and / or higher-functional alcohols, in particular glycols, for the preparation of the polyester alcohols. The starting materials are usually reacted at temperatures of 150-280 0 C under atmospheric pressure and or a slight vacuum in the presence of catalysts with removal of the water of reaction with each other to implement. The usual technology is z. B. in DE-A-2904184 and consists in the reaction of the reaction components with a suitable catalyst with simultaneous increase in temperature and pressure reduction. The temperatures and the vacuum are then further changed during the synthesis. The polycondensation reactions can be carried out both in the presence and in the absence of a solvent.
Als mehrwertige Carbonsäuren können sowohl aromatische Carbonsäuren, insbesondere Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure oder Terephthalsäure, oder aliphatische Carbonsäuren, eingesetzt werden.As polybasic carboxylic acids, it is possible to use both aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid, or aliphatic carboxylic acids.
Unter den aliphatischen Carbonsäuren hat die Adipinsäure die größte technische Bedeutung. Für viele Anwendungen wird auch Bersteinsäure, gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit anderen Carbonsäuren, eingesetzt. Bernsteinsäure wird beispielsweise für die Herstellung von biologisch abbaubaren Produkten eingesetzt.Among the aliphatic carboxylic acids adipic acid has the greatest technical importance. For many applications, also succinic acid, optionally in admixture with other carboxylic acids, is used. Succinic acid is used, for example, for the production of biodegradable products.
Bernsteinsäure kann auf petrochemischem Wege oder auf mikrobakteriellem Wege durch Fermentation von Kohlehydraten hergestellt werden. Es ist generell wünschenswert, den Anteil an Produkten auf Basis von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zu erhöhen.
Eine mikrobakterielle Synthese zur Herstellung von Bernsteinsäure wird beispielsweise in US 5,869,301 beschrieben. Die auf biologischem Wege hergestellte Bernsteinsäure weist üblicherweise einen erhöhten Gehalt an Stickstoffatome enthaltenden Verbin- düngen auf. Diese Verbindungen können sich insbesondere bei der Weiterverarbeitung der Bernsteinsäure zu Polyesteralkoholen und deren Umsetzung zu Polyurethanen sehr nachteilig auswirken.Succinic acid can be produced by petrochemical or microbial fermentation of carbohydrates. It is generally desirable to increase the share of products based on renewable raw materials. A microbacterial synthesis for the production of succinic acid is described for example in US 5,869,301. The organically produced succinic acid usually has an increased content of compounds containing nitrogen atoms. These compounds can have a very disadvantageous effect especially in the further processing of succinic acid to polyester alcohols and their conversion to polyurethanes.
JP 2005-139287 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyestern, die unter Verwendung von auf biologischem Wege hergestellter Bernsteinsäure hergestellt wurden. Dabei wurde die Bersteinsäure nach der Abtrennung von der Fermentierungslö- sung durch mehrmaliges Umkristallisieren gereinigt. Die unter Verwendung der Bernsteinsäure hergestellten Polyester haben einen Gehalt an Stickstoffverbindungen von unter 1000 ppm. Bei den Polyestern handelt es sich nicht um Polyesteralkohole, also Zwischenprodukte für eine Weiterverarbeitung, sondern um Fertigprodukte.JP 2005-139287 describes a process for the preparation of polyesters prepared using biologically produced succinic acid. The succinic acid was purified after separation from the fermentation by repeated recrystallization. The polyesters produced using succinic acid have a nitrogen compound content of less than 1000 ppm. The polyesters are not polyester alcohols, ie intermediates for further processing, but finished products.
Es war die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Polyesteralkohole bereitzustellen, die auf Basis von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen hergestellt werden. Sie sollten ohne Probleme herstellbar sein und sich zu Polyurethanen mit guten Gebrauchseigenschaften verarbeiten lassen.It was the object of the present invention to provide polyester alcohols which are produced on the basis of renewable raw materials. They should be manufacturable without problems and can be processed into polyurethanes with good performance properties.
Die Aufgabe konnte dadurch gelöst werden, dass zur Herstellung der Polyesteralkohole Bernsteinsäure eingesetzt wird, die biologisch durch Fermentation von Kohlehydraten hergestellt wurde.The object could be achieved by using succinic acid, which was produced biologically by fermentation of carbohydrates, for the production of the polyester alcohols.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist demzufolge ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyesteralkoholen durch Umsetzung vonThe invention accordingly provides a process for the preparation of polyester alcohols by reacting
a) mindestens einer mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäure mita) at least one at least difunctional carboxylic acid with
b) mindestens einem mindestens zweifunktionellen Alkohol,b) at least one at least difunctional alcohol,
dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass als zweifunktionelle Carbonsäure a) Bernsteinsäure ai) eingesetzt wird, die biologisch durch Fermentation von Kohlehydraten hergestellt wur- de.characterized in that is used as the dicarboxylic carboxylic acid a) succinic acid ai), which was produced biologically by fermentation of carbohydrates de.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind weiterhin die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Polyesteralkohole.The invention furthermore relates to the polyester alcohols produced by the process according to the invention.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen durch Umsetzung von A) Polyisocyanaten mit B) Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Wasserstoffatomen, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Verbindungen mindestens zwei mit Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Wasserstoffatomen B) die erfindungsgemäßen Polyesteralkohole eingesetzt werden.The invention further provides a process for the preparation of polyurethanes by reacting A) polyisocyanates with B) compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, characterized in that as compounds at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms B) the polyester alcohols according to the invention are used.
Die Herstellung der Polyesteralkohole nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfolgt, wie beschrieben, indem Bernsteinsäure, die biologisch durch Fermentation von Kohlehydraten hergestellt wurde, mit mindestens zweifunktionellen Alkoholen umgesetzt wird.The preparation of the polyester alcohols by the process according to the invention is carried out as described by reacting succinic acid, which has been produced biologically by fermentation of carbohydrates, with at least difunctional alcohols.
Die Herstellung von Bernsteinsäure auf biologischem Wege ist, wie bereits ausgeführt, bekannt.The production of succinic acid by biological means is, as already stated, known.
So wird in Römpp Online, Version 2.12 beschrieben, dass Bernsteinsäure durch anaerobe Mikroorganismen als Gärungsprodukt aus Zuckern und Cellulose gebildet werden kann. Die Abtrennung der Bernsteinsäure kann in Form ihrer Salze und Ester mittels Elektrodialyse erfolgen.For example, in Römpp Online, version 2.12, succinic acid can be formed by anaerobic microorganisms as a fermentation product of sugars and cellulose. The separation of the succinic acid can take place in the form of their salts and esters by means of electrodialysis.
Andere Verfahrenswege zur Herstellung von Bernsteinsäure sind beispielsweise in US 5,573,322 oder US 5,770,435 beschrieben.Other process routes for the production of succinic acid are described for example in US 5,573,322 or US 5,770,435.
Wie oben beschrieben weist die nach biologischen Verfahren hergestellte Bernsteinsäure ai) einen Gehalt an Stickstoff auf. Dieser resultiert zumeist von Abbauprodukten bei der biologischen Herstellung der Bernsteinsäure mittels Bakterien. Der Gehalt an Stickstoff, angegeben als elementarer Stickstoff liegt, abhängig von der Herstellung und der Reinigung der Bernsteinsäure, zumeist im Bereich zwischen größer 0 und 500 ppm.As described above, succinic acid ai) produced by biological processes has a content of nitrogen. This results mostly from degradation products in the biological production of succinic acid by means of bacteria. The content of nitrogen, expressed as elemental nitrogen, depending on the production and the purification of the succinic acid, usually in the range between greater than 0 and 500 ppm.
Die auf biologischem Wege hergestellte Bernsteinsäure ai) kann überraschenderweise völlig problemlos für die Herstellung von Polyesteralkoholen eingesetzt werden. Die Stickstoffatome enthaltenden Verbindungen haben keinerlei negative Wirkung auf die Umsetzung der Bernsteinsäure mit den Alkoholen und auf die Verarbeitungseigenschaften der resultierenden Polyesteralkohole. Dies war auf Grund der katalytischen Wirkung derartiger Verbindungen, insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Polyurethanen, für den Fachmann nicht zu erwarten.The biologically produced succinic acid ai) can surprisingly be used without any problems for the preparation of polyester alcohols. The nitrogen atom-containing compounds have no negative effect on the reaction of succinic acid with the alcohols and on the processing properties of the resulting polyester alcohols. This was due to the catalytic effect of such compounds, especially in the production of polyurethanes, not expected for the skilled person.
Die auf biologischem Wege ehrgestellte Bernsteinsäure ai) kann allein oder in Kombination mit anderen mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren aii) eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise wird die Bernsteinsäure im Gemisch mit anderen mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren eingesetzt, da Polyesteralkohole, bei deren Herstellung nur Bernsteinsäure eingesetzt wurde, häufig eine unzureichende Hydrolysestabilität, eine erhöhte Viskosität und eine unerwünschte Kristallisationsneigung aufweisen.
Vorzugsweise wird die auf biologischem Wege hergestellte Bernsteinsäure ai) im Gemisch mit anderen mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren aii) eingesetzt. Dazu sind prinzipiell alle bekannten mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren verwendbar. Diese können als Säure und/oder in Form der Anhydride eingesetzt werden.The biologically-derived succinic acid ai) may be used alone or in combination with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii). Preferably, the succinic acid is used in admixture with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids, since polyester alcohols, in the production of which only succinic acid was used, often have insufficient hydrolytic stability, an increased viscosity and an undesirable crystallization tendency. The biologically produced succinic acid ai) is preferably used in a mixture with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii). In principle, all known at least difunctional carboxylic acids can be used for this purpose. These can be used as acid and / or in the form of the anhydrides.
Beispiele hierfür sind mindestens zweifunktionellen aromatische Carbonsäuren, wie Phthalsäure, Phthalsäureanhydrid, Isophthalsäure oder Terephthalsäure.Examples of these are at least difunctional aromatic carboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid.
Vorzugsweise wird die auf biologischem Wege hergestellte Bernsteinsäure ai) im Ge- misch mit aliphatischen mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren aii) eingesetzt. Dies kann im einfachsten Falle Bernsteinsäure sein, die nach einem anderen Verfahren hergestellt wurde. Vorzugsweise wird eine von Bernsteinsäure verschiedene aliphatische mindestens zweifunktionelle Carbonsäure eingesetzt. Die aliphatischen mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren sind vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, enthaltend Oxalsäure, Malonsäure, Glutarsäure, Pimelinsäure, Suberinsäure, Azelainsäure, Sebazinsäure und Adipinsäure. Insbesondere ist die mindestens zweifunktionelle aliphatische Carbonsäure aii) Adipinsäure.The biologically prepared succinic acid ai) is preferably used in admixture with aliphatic at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii). In the simplest case, this may be succinic acid prepared by another process. An aliphatic at least difunctional carboxylic acid other than succinic acid is preferably used. The aliphatic at least difunctional carboxylic acids are preferably selected from the group comprising oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and adipic acid. In particular, the at least two-functional aliphatic carboxylic acid aii) is adipic acid.
Vorzugsweise liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis der Carbonsäure ai) zur Carbonsäure aii) im Bereich von 10:90 bis 90:10, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 70:30 bis 30:70.Preferably, the weight ratio of the carboxylic acid ai) to the carboxylic acid aii) is in the range from 10:90 to 90:10, particularly preferably in the range from 70:30 to 30:70.
Als Polyhydroxylverbindung eignen sich sämtliche mindestens zweiwertigen Alkohole, vorzugsweise zwei- bis sechsfunktionelle Verbindungen, wie Monoethylenglykol, Diethylenglykol, Monopropylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol, 1 ,4-Butandiol, 1 ,5-Pentandiol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 2-Methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 3-Methyl-1 ,5-pentanediol, Neopentylglykol, Glycerin, Trimethylopropan, Pentaerythrit und Sorbitol. Die drei- oder höherfunktionelle Alkohole dienen dabei zur Erhöhung der Funktionalität der Polyesteralkohole. Beispiele für Alkohole bi) sind Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit und Sorbitol. Die höher- funktionellen Verbindungen werden insbesondere zur Herstellung von Polyetheralkoho- len für Hartschaumanwendungen eingesetzt. Möglich ist auch der Einsatz oligomerer oder polymerer Produkte mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen. Beispiele hierfür sind Polytetrahydrofuran, Polylactone, Polyglycerol, Polyetheralkohole, Polyesteralkohole oder α,ω-Dihyxdroxypolybutadien.As the polyhydroxy compound are all at least dihydric alcohols, preferably di- to six-functional compounds such as monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1, 3rd propanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylopropane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol. The trihydric or higher functional alcohols serve to increase the functionality of the polyester alcohols. Examples of alcohols bi) are glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol. The higher-functional compounds are used in particular for the production of polyether alcohols for hard foam applications. It is also possible to use oligomeric or polymeric products having at least two hydroxyl groups. Examples of these are polytetrahydrofuran, polylactones, polyglycerol, polyether alcohols, polyester alcohols or α, ω-dihydroxypolybutadiene.
Die Mitverwendung der mehr als zweifunktionellen Alkohole bi) führt zu einem Anstieg der Viskosität der Polyesteralkohole. Falls derartige Alkohole eingesetzt werden, erfolgt ihr Einsatz daher bevorzugt in einer Menge von maximal 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Polyesteralkohols.The concomitant use of more than two functional alcohols bi) leads to an increase in the viscosity of the polyester alcohols. If such alcohols are used, their use is therefore preferably in an amount of at most 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the polyester alcohol.
Vorzugsweise verwendet werden zweifunktionelle Alkohole, insbesondere Monoethylenglykol, Diethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol, 1 ,4-Butandiol, 1 ,5- Pentandiol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol oder Mischungen aus mindestens zwei der genannten Diole.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der mindestens zweifunktionelle Alkohol Monoethylenglykol oder Mischungen aus Monoethylenglykol mit mindestens einem weiteren Alkohol.Preference is given to using difunctional alcohols, in particular monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or mixtures of at least two of the diols mentioned. The at least difunctional alcohol is particularly preferably monoethylene glycol or mixtures of monoethylene glycol with at least one further alcohol.
Die Herstellung der Polyesteralkohole wird, wie beschrieben, durch Umsetzung der mehrfunktionellen Carbonsäuren mit den mehrfunktionellen Alkoholen unter Entfernung des Wassers durchgeführt.. Vorzugsweise wird zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ein Rührkesselreaktor mit Rührwerk und Destillationskolonne verwendet. Diese Apparatur stellt in der Regel ein geschlossenes System dar und kann im allgemeinen mit Hilfe einer Vakuumpumpe evakuiert werden. Die Edukte werden unter Rühren und vor- zugsweise unter Luftausschluss (z.B. in Stickstoff-Atmosphäre oder bei reduziertem Druck) erhitzt. Das bei der Polykondensation entstehende Wasser wird vorzugsweise bei niedrigem Druck bzw. einem kontinuierlich kleiner werdenden Druck abdestilliert (siehe Batchwise Vacuum-Melt-Verfahren, Houben-Weyl 14/2, 2).The preparation of the polyester alcohols is, as described, carried out by reacting the polyfunctional carboxylic acids with the polyfunctional alcohols with removal of the water. Preferably, a stirred tank reactor with stirrer and distillation column is used to carry out the process. This apparatus is usually a closed system and can generally be evacuated by means of a vacuum pump. The educts are heated with stirring and preferably with exclusion of air (for example in a nitrogen atmosphere or under reduced pressure). The water formed in the polycondensation is preferably distilled off at low pressure or a continuously decreasing pressure (see Batchwise Vacuum-Melt method, Houben-Weyl 14/2, 2).
Die Reaktionstemperatur liegt dabei vorzugsweise zwischen 150 und 280 0C. Der Druck wird im Verlaufe der Umsetzung allmählich reduziert, der Enddruck liegt dabei vorzugsweise unter 200 mbar. Bei diesem Druck wird die Reaktion bis zum gewünschten Umsetzungsgrad weitergeführt.The reaction temperature is preferably between 150 and 280 0 C. The pressure is gradually reduced in the course of the reaction, the final pressure is preferably below 200 mbar. At this pressure, the reaction is continued until the desired degree of conversion.
Die Umsetzung kann katalysatorfrei oder vorzugsweise in Gegenwart von Veresterungskatalysatoren, zweckmäßigerweise in einer Atmosphäre aus Inertgasen, wie z.B. Stickstoff, Helium, oder Argon erfolgen.The reaction may be catalyst-free or, preferably, in the presence of esterification catalysts, conveniently in an atmosphere of inert gases, e.g. Nitrogen, helium, or argon take place.
Als Katalysatoren können saure Katalysatoren, wie Toluolsulfonsäuren, vorzugsweise jedoch metallorganische Verbindungen, insbesondere solche auf Basis von Titan oder Zinn, wie Titantetrabutylat oder Zinn-(ll)-octoat, Dibutylzinndilaurat, Zinnchlorid eingesetzt werden.As catalysts, it is possible to use acidic catalysts, such as toluenesulfonic acids, but preferably organometallic compounds, in particular those based on titanium or tin, such as titanium tetrabutoxide or tin (II) octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin chloride.
Zur Herstellung der Polyesteralkohole werden die organischen Carbonsäuren und mehrwertigen Alkohole vorzugsweise im Molverhältnis von 1 :1 ,01 bis 1 ,8, vorzugsweise 1 :1 ,05 bis 1 ,2 polykondensiert.For the preparation of the polyester alcohols, the organic carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols are preferably polycondensed in a molar ratio of 1: 1, 01 to 1, 8, preferably 1: 1, 05 to 1, 2.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Polyesteralkohole weisen vorzugsweise eine Hydroxylzahl im Bereich zwischen 30 und 600 mgKOH/g und eine Säurezahl von maximal 2 mgKOH/g auf.The polyester alcohols according to the invention preferably have a hydroxyl number in the range between 30 and 600 mg KOH / g and an acid number of not more than 2 mg KOH / g.
Wie beschrieben, können die erfindungsgemäßen vorzugsweise zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen eingesetzt werden. Dazu werden Sie mit mindestens zweifunktionellen Isocyanaten umgesetzt.As described, the novel compounds can preferably be used for the preparation of polyurethanes. For this you are reacted with at least two-functional isocyanates.
Die Polyurethane können die üblichen und bekannten Verbindungen sein, beispielsweise kompakte Polyurethane, wie Gießelastomere oder thermoplastische Elastomere.
Wenn bei der Umsetzung Treibmittel zugegen sind, entstehen Polyurethan- Schaumstoffe. Dabei kann es sich, je nach der Rezeptur, um Hartschaumstoffe, Weichschaumstoffe oder mikrozelluläre Elastomere handeln.The polyurethanes may be the usual and known compounds, for example compact polyurethanes, such as cast elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers. If blowing agents are present during the reaction, polyurethane foams are formed. Depending on the formulation, these may be rigid foams, flexible foams or microcellular elastomers.
Die so hergestellten Polyurethane, die Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung sind allgemein bekannt und vielfach beschrieben, beispielsweise im Kunststoffhandbuch, Band VII, Polyurethane, Carl- Hanser-Verlag, München 1. Auflage 1966, herausgegeben von Dr. R Vieweg und Dr. A. Höchtlen, sowie 2. Auflage 1983 und die 3. neubearbeitete Auflage 1993, herausgegeben von Dr. G. Oertel.The polyurethanes thus prepared, the processes for their preparation and their use are well known and widely described, for example in the Plastics Handbook, Volume VII, Polyurethane, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1st Edition 1966, edited by Dr. med. R Vieweg and dr. A. Höchtlen, as well as 2nd edition 1983 and the 3rd revised edition 1993, edited by Dr. med. G. Oertel.
Ein bevorzugtes Einsatzgebiet für die erfindungsgemäßen Polyesteralkohole sind, insbesondere auf Grund der Möglichkeit, eine Funktionalität von 2 genau einzustellen, die thermoplastischen Elastomere (TPU).A preferred field of use for the polyester alcohols according to the invention are the thermoplastic elastomers (TPU), in particular due to the possibility of precisely setting a functionality of 2.
Die Herstellung der thermoplastischen Elastomere erfolgt durch Umsetzung von Diiso- cyanaten mit Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Wasserstoffatomen, vorzugsweise difunktionellen Alkoholen.The preparation of the thermoplastic elastomers is carried out by reacting diisocyanates with compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, preferably difunctional alcohols.
Als Diisocyanate werden übliche aromatische, aliphatische und/oder cycloaliphatische Diisocyanate, beispielsweise Diphenyl-Methan-Diisocyanat (MDI), Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI), Tri-, Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa-, Hepta- und/oder Oktamethylendiisocyanat, 2-Methyl- pentamethylen-diisocyanat-1 ,5, 2-Ethyl-butylen-diisocyanat-1 ,4, 1 -lsocyanato-3,3,5- trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexan (Isophoron-diisocyanat, IPDI), 1 ,4- und/oder 1 ,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexan (HXDI), 1 ,4-Cyclohexan-diisocyanat, 1-Methyl- 2,4- und/oder -2, 6-cyclohexan-diisocyanat, 4,4'-, 2,4'- und/oder 2, 2'-Dicyclo- hexylmethan-diisocyanat eingesetzt.Suitable diisocyanates are customary aromatic, aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, for example diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl pentamethylene diisocyanate 1, 5, 2-ethyl butylene diisocyanate 1, 4, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 1, 4 and / or 1, 3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1-methyl-2,4- and / or -2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2, 2'-dicyclo-hexylmethane diisocyanate used.
Als gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen werden, wie beschrieben, die erfin- dungsgemäßen Polyesteralkohole eingesetzt. In Gemisch mit diesen können allgemein bekannte Polyhydroxylverbindungen mit Molekulargewichten von 500 bis 8000, bevorzugt 600 bis 6000, insbesondere 800 bis 4000, und bevorzugt einer mittleren Funktionalität von 1 ,8 bis 2,6, bevorzugt 1 ,9 bis 2,2, insbesondere 2 eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Polyesteralkohole, Polyetheralkohole und/oder Polycarbonatdiole.As isocyanate-reactive compounds, as described, the polyester alcohols according to the invention are used. In admixture with these, generally known polyhydroxyl compounds having molecular weights of 500 to 8,000, preferably 600 to 6,000, especially 800 to 4,000, and preferably an average functionality of 1, 8 to 2.6, preferably 1, 9 to 2.2, in particular 2 be used, for example, polyester alcohols, polyether alcohols and / or polycarbonate diols.
Zu den gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen gehören auch die Kettenverlängerungsmittel. Als Kettenverlängerungsmittel können allgemein bekannte insbesondere zweifunktionelle Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Diamine und/oder Alkandiole mit 2 bis 10 C-Atomen im Alkylenrest, insbesondere Ethylenglykol und/oder Butandiol-1 ,4, und/oder Hexandiol und/oder Di- und/oder Tri-oxyalkylen- glykole mit 3 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen im Oxyalkylenrest, bevorzugt entsprechende Oligo-Polyoxypropylenglykole, wobei auch Mischungen der Kettenverlängerer eingesetzt werden können. Als Kettenverlängerer können auch 1 ,4-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-
benzol (1 ,4-BHMB), 1 ,4-Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-benzol (1 ,4-BHEB) oder 1 ,4-Bis-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-benzol (1 ,4-HQEE) zum Einsatz kommen. Bevorzugt werden als Kettenverlängerer Ethylenglykol und Hexandiol, besonders bevorzugt Ethylen- glykol.Isocyanate-reactive compounds also include chain extenders. As chain extenders it is possible to use generally known, especially difunctional compounds, for example diamines and / or alkanediols having 2 to 10 C atoms in the alkylene radical, in particular ethylene glycol and / or butanediol-1, 4, and / or hexanediol and / or di- and / or Tri-oxyalkylen- glycols having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the oxyalkylene, preferably corresponding oligo-polyoxypropylene glycols, mixtures of the chain extenders can be used. As a chain extender, 1,4-bis- (hydroxymethyl) - benzene (1,4-BHMB), 1,4-bis (hydroxyethyl) benzene (1,4-BHEB) or 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (1,4-HQEE) come. Preferred chain extenders are ethylene glycol and hexanediol, particularly preferably ethylene glycol.
Üblicherweise werden Katalysatoren eingesetzt, welche die Reaktion zwischen den NCO-Gruppen der Diisocyanate und den Hydroxylgruppen der Aufbaukomponenten beschleunigen, beispielsweise tertiäre Amine, wie Triethylamin, Dimethylcyclohexyl- amin, N-Methylmorpholin, N,N'-Dimethylpiperazin, 2-(Dimethylaminoethoxy)-ethanol, Diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan und ähnliche sowie insbesondere organische Metallverbindungen wie Titansäureester, Eisenverbindungen wie z.B. Eisen— (I M)- acetylacetonat, Zinnverbindungen, wie Zinndiacetat, Zinndilaurat oder die Zinndialkylsalze aliphati- scher Carbonsäuren wie Dibutylzinndiacetat, Dibutylzinndilaurat oder ähnliche. Die Katalysatoren werden üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,0001 bis 0,1 Gew.-Teilen pro 100 Gew.-Teile Polyhydroxylverbindung eingesetzt.Usually, catalysts are used which accelerate the reaction between the NCO groups of the diisocyanates and the hydroxyl groups of the synthesis components, for example tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) - ethanol, diazabicyclo- (2,2,2) octane and the like, and in particular organic metal compounds such as titanic acid esters, iron compounds such as Iron (I M) acetylacetonate, tin compounds such as tin diacetate, tin dilaurate or the tin dialkyl salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate or the like. The catalysts are usually used in amounts of 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyhydroxyl compound.
Neben Katalysatoren können den Aufbaukomponenten bis auch übliche Hilfsstoffe hinzugefügt werden. Genannt seien beispielsweise oberflächenaktive Substanzen, Flammschutzmittel, Keimbildungsmittel, Gleit- und Entformungshilfen, Farbstoffe und Pigmente, Inhibitoren, Stabilisatoren gegen Hydrolyse, Licht, Hitze, Oxidation oder Verfärbung, Schutzmittel gegen mikrobiellen Abbau, anorganische und/oder organische Füllstoffe, Verstärkungsmittel und Weichmacher.In addition to catalysts can be added to the structural components to also conventional auxiliaries. Mention may be made, for example, of surface-active substances, flame retardants, nucleating agents, lubricants and mold release agents, dyes and pigments, inhibitors, stabilizers against hydrolysis, light, heat, oxidation or discoloration, protective agents against microbial degradation, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcing agents and plasticizers.
Die Herstellung der TPU erfolgt zumeist nach üblichen Verfahren, wie mittels Bandan- lagen oder mittels Reaktionsextruder.The preparation of the TPU is usually carried out by conventional methods, such as by belt systems or by means of reaction extruders.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen hergestellten Polyurethane weisen vergleichbare Eigenschaften auf wie solche auf Basis von petrochemisch hergestellter Bernsteinsäure. Auch bei der Herstellung der Polyurethane gibt es keinerlei Unterschiede zu ande- ren Produkten.The polyurethanes produced according to the invention have comparable properties to those based on petrochemically produced succinic acid. Also in the production of polyurethanes there are no differences to other products.
Die Erfindung soll an den nachfolgenden Beispielen näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail in the following examples.
Beispiel 1example 1
323,67 g Bernsteinsäure, hergestellt durch ein biologisches Verfahren, 1602,2 g Adi- pinsäure, 618,81 g Ethylenglykol und 449,23 g Butandiol-1 ,4 wurden in einen Rundkolben mit einem Volumen von 4 Litern gefüllt. Die Mischung wurde unter Rühren auf 1800C erhitzt und 3 Stunden bei dieser Temperatur belassen. Dabei wurde das entste- hende Wasser durch Destillation entfernt.
Danach wurde die Mischung auf 240 0C erwärmt und bei dieser Temperatur belassen, bis eine Säurezahl von 0,2 mgKOH/g erreicht war.323.67 g of succinic acid prepared by a biological method, 1602.2 g of adipic acid, 618.81 g of ethylene glycol and 449.23 g of butanediol-1, 4 were charged into a round bottom flask having a volume of 4 liters. The mixture was heated with stirring to 180 0 C and left for 3 hours at this temperature. The resulting water was removed by distillation. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 240 0 C and left at this temperature until an acid value of 0.2 mgKOH / g was reached.
Der entstandene braune, flüssige Polyesteralkohol hatte folgende Kennwerte:The resulting brown, liquid polyester alcohol had the following characteristics:
Hydroxylzahl: 58 mgKOH/g Säurezahl: 0,2 mgKOH/gHydroxyl value: 58 mgKOH / g Acid value: 0.2 mgKOH / g
Viskosität: 700 mPa s bei 75 0CViscosity: 700 mPa s at 75 0 C.
Beispiel 2Example 2
341 ,4 g Bernsteinsäure, hergestellt durch ein biologisches Verfahren, 1556,7 g Adipin- säure, 452 g Ethylenglykol und 656,3 g Butandiol-1 ,4 wurden in einen Rundkolben mit einem Volumen von 4 Litern gefüllt. Die Mischung wurde unter Rühren auf 180 0C er- hitzt und 3 Stunden bei dieser Temperatur belassen. Dabei wurde das entstehende Wasser durch Destillation entfernt.341.4 g of succinic acid prepared by a biological method, 1556.7 g of adipic acid, 452 g of ethylene glycol and 656.3 g of butanediol-1, 4 were charged into a round-bottomed flask having a volume of 4 liters. The mixture was heated with stirring to 180 0 C and left for 3 hours at this temperature. The resulting water was removed by distillation.
Danach wurde die Mischung auf 240 0C erwärmt und bei dieser Temperatur belassen, bis eine Säurezahl von 0,2 mgKOH/g erreicht war.Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 240 0 C and left at this temperature until an acid value of 0.2 mgKOH / g was reached.
Der entstandene braune, flüssige Polyesteralkohol hatte folgende Kennwerte:The resulting brown, liquid polyester alcohol had the following characteristics:
Hydroxylzahl: 59 mgKOH/g Säurezahl: 0,1 mgKOH/g Viskosität: 605 mPa s bei 75 0CHydroxyl number: 59 mg KOH / g acid number: 0.1 mg KOH / g Viscosity: 605 mPa s at 75 0 C
Beispiel 3Example 3
In einem 2 I Weißblecheimer wurden 800 g des Polyesteralkohols nach Beispiel 2 und 180 g Butandiol-1 ,4 eingewogen und auf 900C aufgeheizt. Anschließend wurde unter Rühren 6,4 g Hydrolyseschutzmittel Elastostab® H01 der BASF AG zugegeben. Nach anschließender Erwärmung der Lösung auf wieder 900C wurden 607,5 g 4,4'-MDI (Me- thylendiphenyldiisocyanat, Lupranat® MET der BASF AG) zugegeben und so lange gerührt, bis die Lösung homogen war. Anschließend wurde die Reaktionsmasse in eine flache Schale gegossen und bei 125°C auf einer Heizplatte 10 min getempert. Danach wurde die entstandene Schwarte in einem Heizschrank 24 h bei 1000C getempert. Das so hergestellte Material wurde zerkleinert und im Spritzguss verarbeitet. Die angegebenen mechanischen Werte beziehen sich auf die getemperten Prüfplatten.In a 2 l tinplate bucket, 800 g of the polyester alcohol according to Example 2 and 180 g of 1,4-butanediol were weighed out and heated to 90 ° C. Subsequently, 6.4 g of hydrolysis protection Elastostab ® H01 BASF AG was added with stirring. After subsequent heating the solution to again 90 0 C 607.5 g of 4,4'-MDI (metal thylendiphenyldiisocyanat, Lupranat® ® MET BASF AG) and stirred until the solution was homogeneous. Subsequently, the reaction mass was poured into a shallow dish and annealed at 125 ° C on a hot plate for 10 min. Thereafter, the resulting rind was tempered in a heating cabinet for 24 h at 100 0 C. The material thus produced was crushed and processed by injection molding. The specified mechanical values refer to the tempered test plates.
Zum Vergleich wurde das Beispiel wiederholt, wobei an Stelle des Polyesteralkohols aus Beispiel 2 ein ansonsten gleicher Polyesteralkohol eingesetzt wurde, bei dem jedoch Bernsteinsäure auf chemischem Wege hergestellt wurde.
For comparison, the example was repeated, wherein instead of the polyester alcohol from Example 2, an otherwise identical polyester alcohol was used, but in which succinic acid was prepared by chemical means.
Wie ersichtlich, gibt es keine Unterschiede bei den Eigenschaften der thermoplastischen Polyurethane.
As can be seen, there are no differences in the properties of the thermoplastic polyurethanes.
Claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyesteralkoholen durch Umsetzung von1. A process for the preparation of polyester alcohols by reacting
a) mindestens einer mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäure mita) at least one at least difunctional carboxylic acid with
b) mindestens einem mindestens zweifunktionellen Alkohol,b) at least one at least difunctional alcohol,
dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass als zweifunktionelle Carbonsäure a) Bernstein- säure ai) eingesetzt wird, die biologisch durch Fermentation von Kohlehydraten hergestellt wurde.characterized in that as the bifunctional carboxylic acid a) succinic acid ai) is used, which was prepared biologically by fermentation of carbohydrates.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bernsteinsäure ai) einen Gehalt an Stickstoff im Molekül im Bereich von größer 0 bis 500 ppm aufweist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the succinic acid ai) has a content of nitrogen in the molecule in the range of greater than 0 to 500 ppm.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bernsteinsäure ai) im Gemisch mit anderen mindestens zweifunktionellen Carbonsäuren aii) eingesetzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the succinic acid ai) is used in admixture with other at least difunctional carboxylic acids aii).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als mindestens zweifunktionelle Carbonsäure aii) eine aliphatische Carbonsäure eingesetzt wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two-functional carboxylic acid aii) an aliphatic carboxylic acid is used.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als mindestens zwei- funktionelle Carbonsäure aii) Adipinsäure eingesetzt wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two-functional carboxylic acid aii) adipic acid is used.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis der Carbonsäure ai) zur Carbonsäure aii) 10:90 bis 90:10 beträgt.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of the carboxylic acid ai) to the carboxylic acid aii) is 10:90 to 90:10.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis der Carbonsäure ai) zur Carbonsäure aii) 70:30 bis 30:70 beträgt, beträgt.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of the carboxylic acid ai) to the carboxylic acid aii) is 70:30 to 30:70 is.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als mindestens zweifunktionelle Alkohole b) zwei- bis sechsfunktionelle Alkohole eingesetzt werden.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as at least two-functional alcohols b) two- to six-functional alcohols are used.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens zweifunktionellen Alkohole b) ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, enthaltend: Mono- ethylenglykol, Diethylenglykol, Monopropylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol, 1 ,4- Butandiol, 1 ,5-Pentandiol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 2-Methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 3-Methyl-1 ,5- pentanediol, Neopentylglykol, Glycerin, Trimethylopropan, Pentaerythrit und Sor- bitol. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least bifunctional alcohols b) are selected from the group comprising: monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6 Hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylopropane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als mindestens zwei- funktionelle Alkohole b) zweifunktionelle Alkohole eingesetzt werden.10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as at least two-functional alcohols b) difunctional alcohols are used.
1 1. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als mindestens zwei- funktioneller Alkohol b) Monoethylenglykol eingesetzt wird.1 1. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that as at least two-functional alcohol b) monoethylene glycol is used.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umsetzung in Anwesenheit von Katalysatoren durchgeführt wird.12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of catalysts.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Katalysatoren Tetra-n-butylorthotitanat, Zinn(ll)-octoat und/oder Dibutylzinndilaurat eingesetzt werden.13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that are used as catalysts tetra-n-butylorthotitanate, tin (II) octoate and / or dibutyltin dilaurate.
14. Polyesteralkohole, herstellbar nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13.14. Polyester alcohols, producible according to one of claims 1 to 13.
15. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen durch Umsetzung von A) Polyiso- cyanaten mit B) Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Wasserstoffatomen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Verbindungen min- destens zwei mit Isocyanatgruppen reaktiven Wasserstoffatomen B) Polyesteralkohole nach Anspruch 14 eingesetzt werden.15. A process for the preparation of polyurethanes by reacting A) polyisocyanates with B) compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, characterized in that as compounds at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms B) polyester alcohols are used according to claim 14.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polyurethane thermoplastische Polyurethan-Elastomere sind. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the polyurethanes are thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers.
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