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WO2008103291A1 - Dispositif et procédé de vaporisation de gaz naturel à l'air ambiant/par combustion immergée - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de vaporisation de gaz naturel à l'air ambiant/par combustion immergée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008103291A1
WO2008103291A1 PCT/US2008/002045 US2008002045W WO2008103291A1 WO 2008103291 A1 WO2008103291 A1 WO 2008103291A1 US 2008002045 W US2008002045 W US 2008002045W WO 2008103291 A1 WO2008103291 A1 WO 2008103291A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
vessel
sparger
cryogenic liquid
conduit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/002045
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Falcone
Original Assignee
Selas Fluid Processing Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selas Fluid Processing Corporation filed Critical Selas Fluid Processing Corporation
Priority to EP08725655A priority Critical patent/EP2115346A1/fr
Priority to AU2008219096A priority patent/AU2008219096A1/en
Priority to CN200880010633A priority patent/CN101688641A/zh
Priority to CA002678183A priority patent/CA2678183A1/fr
Publication of WO2008103291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008103291A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for submerged combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system and method for vaporizing a cryogenic liquid utilizing a submerged combustion vaporizer.
  • cryogenic liquid i.e., to bring about vaporization of a cryogenic liquid to a vaporized state.
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • Evaporators or vaporizers of the submerged combustion type generally comprise a vessel containing a heat exchange medium (such as a water bath), an exchanger tube bundle positioned within the water bath for carrying a cryogenic liquid, and a flue gas tube of a gas burner installed within the water bath for heating and consequently vaporizing the cryogenic liquid.
  • the gas burner discharges combustion flue gases into the water bath, which heat the water and provide the heat for the vaporization of the cryogenic liquid that flows through the exchanger tube bundle.
  • Such vaporization systems are provided, for example, by T-Thermal Company, a division of Selas Fluid Processing Corporation, under the registered trademark SUB-X. Exemplary vaporization systems are also disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0183064 to Rost et al.
  • a system for vaporizing a cryogenic liquid.
  • the system comprises a vessel for containing water, and a conduit for carrying a cryogenic liquid, wherein at least a portion of the conduit is positioned within the vessel and positioned to be immersed in the water.
  • a sparger is positioned at least partially within the vessel and configured to deliver water into the vessel, wherein heat exchanged between the water and the cryogenic liquid vaporizes the cryogenic liquid.
  • a method of vaporizing the cryogenic liquid is provided in a cryogenic liquid vaporizer system comprising a vessel for containing water and a cryogenic liquid carrying conduit positioned at least partially within the vessel. The method comprises the steps of delivering water into the vessel through a sparger positioned at least partially within the vessel, and vaporizing the cryogenic liquid by exchanging heat between the water and the cryogenic liquid within the conduit.
  • a method of retrofitting a cryogenic liquid vaporizer system comprises the steps of positioning a sparger at least partially within the vessel for delivering water into the vessel, and vaporizing the cryogenic liquid by exchanging heat between the water and the cryogenic liquid within the conduit.
  • a sparger assembly configured to be positioned at least partially within a vessel of a cryogenic liquid vaporizer.
  • the sparger assembly comprises a conduit for delivering water from a water supply and at least one sparger extending from the conduit into the vessel.
  • a plurality of apertures are disposed on at least one sparger for delivering water into the vessel.
  • a method of delivering water into a cryogenic liquid vaporizer comprises the step of delivering water into the vessel through a series of apertures defined along a surface of the sparger.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a submerged combustion vaporization system according to one exemplary embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic front elevation view of a submerged combustion vaporization system according to one exemplary embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic plan view of the submerged combustion vaporization system of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the submerged combustion vaporization tank of FIG. 2B taken along the lines 2C-2C;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view from the back side of the submerged combustion vaporization system shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, with portions removed to reveal internal details;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view from the front right side of the submerged combustion vaporization system shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, with portions removed to reveal internal details;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view from the bottom right side of the submerged combustion vaporization system shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, with portions removed to reveal internal details;
  • FIG. 6A is a partial top plan view of an embodiment of a water sparger assembly that can be used in the submerged combustion vaporization system illustrated in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 6B is a side elevation view of the water sparger assembly of FIG. 6A.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention will next be illustrated with reference to the figures. Such figures are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting and are included herewith to facilitate explanation of the present invention. The figures are not necessarily rendered to any particular scale or proportion.
  • hot waste water is optionally introduced into the water bath for the purpose of transferring heat to the cryogenic liquid to achieve or promote vaporization of the cryogenic liquid. More specifically, hot waste water can be delivered into the water bath at a temperature significantly higher than the temperature profile of the receiving water bath.
  • the hot waste water may be circulated through direct contact with the receiving water bath, or, the waste water may be alternatively segregated from the receiving water bath by use of a thermally conductive coil containing the heated water that is immersed within the water bath. Introduction and removal of the hot waste water from the receiving water bath is accomplished via pipeline connections to the water bath containment vessel. Additionally, pumps and agitators may be employed for generating turbulence within the receiving water bath to increase the efficiency of heat transfer between the hot water and the cryogenic liquid.
  • vaporization can be promoted by the introduction of water at a smaller thermal gradient, e.g., at a temperature of only about 5 to about 15 degrees Fahrenheit above that of the water bath, in the absence of a high temperature water source.
  • a vaporization system can be configured to use water at a temperature lower than aforementioned hot waste water to promote vaporization.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a vaporization system, generally indicated by the numeral 1, according to one aspect of this invention.
  • Vaporization system 1 includes a burner 2 that is fluidly coupled to a vaporizer 3.
  • the burner 2 is configured to receive a fuel/air mixture 4 for reaction within the burner 2.
  • Burner 2 is also optionally configured to deliver exhaust gases 5 that are produced as a result of the reaction of the fuel/air mixture 4.
  • the vaporizer 3 is configured to receive the exhaust gases 5 from the burner 2.
  • Vaporizer 3 is also configured to deliver exhaust gas bubbles into the water bath.
  • the vaporizer 3 is also configured to receive a water stream 9 from a water supply (not shown) and to return a water stream 10 at a lower temperature than water stream 9 back to the water supply.
  • the vaporizer 3 is also configured to receive a cryogenic liquid 6 and to deliver a vaporized gas 7.
  • the hot exhaust gases 5 delivered from the burner 2 to the vaporizer 3 promotes vaporization of the cryogenic liquid 6 into a vaporized gas 7. Accordingly, the heat from exhaust gases 5 provides a heat source for the vaporization of the cryogenic liquid 6 via heat transfer within the water bath.
  • the exhaust gases 5 received in the vaporizer 3 from the burner 2 are discharged from the vaporizer 3 in the form of saturated flue gases 8 to the atmosphere.
  • the water stream 9 delivered from a water supply (not shown) to the vaporizer 3 also promotes vaporization of the cryogenic liquid 6 into a vaporized gas 7.
  • the water stream 9 may be included in addition to, or in lieu of, the hot exhaust gases 5 for the vaporization of the cryogenic liquid 6. Accordingly, the heat from the water stream 9 also provides a heat source for the vaporization of the cryogenic liquid 6.
  • the water stream 9 received in the vaporizer 3 from the water supply (not shown) is discharged from the vaporizer 3 in the form of a water stream 10 of relatively lower temperature and returned to the water supply (not shown) for reheating and recirculation.
  • the vaporizer 100 generally comprises a submerged combustion vaporization (SCV) tank 122, a burner 108 configured to deliver hot gases to the SCV tank 122, a water sparger assembly 12 configured to deliver water from a water supply (not shown) into the SCV tank 122, and a return conduit 53 configured to transport water of a lower temperature from the SCV tank 122 back to the water supply.
  • SCV submerged combustion vaporization
  • the burner 108 is configured to deliver hot gases to water in the SCV tank 122 for vaporizing cryogenic liquid being distributed through the tank, as described in greater detail with reference to the remaining figures.
  • a flameless thermal oxidizer may be used in lieu of the burner 108 to generate hot gases, as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0183064 to Rost et al., which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • a blower 107 is configured to deliver air through conduit 113 for urging the hot flue gases from the burner 108 into the SCV tank 122.
  • a water sparger assembly 12 is configured to deliver a water stream to the SCV tank 122 for promoting vaporization of the cryogenic liquid, as described in greater detail with reference to the remaining figures.
  • the water stream is delivered from a water supply (not shown), such as a water tower, for example.
  • a suitable water tower is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,622,492 to Eyerman, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • a return conduit 53 is provided to recirculate the water stream back to the water supply for reheating and delivery back to the SCV tank 122.
  • the flue gases resulting from the reaction of the mixture of fuel and air travels downwardly through the burner 108.
  • the flue gases are then urged outwardly from the burner 108 and into a flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116 (see FIGS. 3-5) for delivery to the SCV tank 122.
  • the hot gases are introduced into the SCV tank 122 through the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116 shown in FIGS. 3-5. Gases are then exhausted from the SCV tank 122 by means of an exhaust separator 124 and an exhaust stack 126.
  • a heated water stream is delivered from a water supply through the sparger assembly 12 into the SCV tank 122.
  • FIG. 2C a cross-sectional view of the SCV tank of FIG. 2B taken along the lines 2C-2C is shown, illustrating internal details of the SCV tank 122.
  • the SCV tank 122 is at least partially filled with a heat transfer medium such as water or any other suitable heat transfer medium.
  • the heat transfer medium may be referred to herein as a water bath.
  • the hot flue gases bubble up through the heat transfer medium, consequently raising the temperature of the heat transfer medium, and facilitating heat transfer from the heat transfer medium to the cryogenic liquid flowing through a tubing bundle that is situated in the heat transfer medium.
  • the SCV tank 122 includes a tube bundle 118 through which cryogenic liquid is circulated for vaporization. Further details of the tube bundle 118 are described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0183064 to Rost et al. Liquid natural gas inlet and natural gas outlet manifolds are provided in the SCV tank 122 as indicated by numerals 146 and 148, respectively. It is by means of the inlet and outlet manifolds 146 and 148 that liquid natural gas, or any other cryogenic liquid, is introduced into the tube bundle and the resulting natural gas is discharged from the tube bundle.
  • the tube bundle 118 includes four (4) tubes, each extending from an inlet 146 for liquid natural gas (or other cryogenic liquid) to an outlet 148 for vaporized natural gas (or other gas).
  • the inlet 146 and outlet 148 are provided with a plurality of openings for connection to tube bundles such as tube bundle 118.
  • a plurality of tube bundles 118 are positioned adjacent to each other and are connected for fluid flow communication with the inlet 146 and outlet 148 in order to provide a dense population of flow passages through which a cryogenic liquid can be passed for vaporization.
  • inlet 146 and outlet 148 can accommodate up to fifteen (15) or more tube bundles 118, each tube bundle 118 optionally including four (4) tubes.
  • the tube bundle assembly will provide sixty (60) tubes for the flow of cryogenic liquid such as liquid natural gas (LNG).
  • Each tube bundle 118 can also have fewer or more than four tubes, and a tube bundle assembly can have fewer or more than fifteen (15) rows of tube bundles.
  • a plurality of flue gas spargers 138 are uniformly positioned beneath the tube bundles 118. Interconnection between the plurality of flue gas spargers 138 and the burner 108 is described with reference to FIGS. 3-5.
  • Each flue gas sparger 138 includes multiple apertures 142 for distributing the hot flue gases within the heat transfer medium of the SCV tank 122.
  • a plurality of water spargers 20 are uniformly positioned beneath the flue gas spargers 138 for providing heat to the heat transfer medium within the SCV tank 122. Interconnection between each water sparger 20 and the remaining sparger assembly 12 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B will be described with reference to FIGS. 3-6B._
  • Each water sparger 20 includes multiple apertures 22, as shown, for uniform distribution of the heated water throughout the heat transfer medium of the SCV tank 122. Heat exchange between the heated water, the heat transfer medium, and the cryogenic liquid within the tube bundle 118 facilitates or assists vaporization of the cryogenic liquid, in lieu of, or in addition to, the heat provided by the hot flue gases.
  • the temperature of the heated water distributed by the water spargers 20 is only slightly higher than the temperature profile of the heat transfer medium, e.g. a water bath, within the SCV tank 122, thereby resulting in a small thermal driving force for heat transfer.
  • the temperature gradient between the heated water distributed by the water spargers 20 and the temperature profile of the heat transfer medium is relatively small. Since the thermal driving force is limited, the water spargers 20 are configured for maximum turbulent kinetic energy release around the cryogenic tube bundle 118 to facilitate effective heat transfer between the water and the cryogenic liquid.
  • the temperature gradient between the heated water distributed by the water spargers 20 and the temperature profile of the heat transfer medium is about 5 to about 15 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the temperature of the heat transfer medium is maintained at about 55 degrees Fahrenheit and the temperature of the water delivered by the water sparger is about 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the thermal driving force for heat transfer is small, the water spargers 20 are uniquely adapted to facilitate the delivery of large volumes of heated water into the heat transfer medium with uniform mass distribution to enable sufficient heat transfer to vaporize the cryogenic liquid within the tube bundle 118, as described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B. It has been discovered that delivering large volumes of heated water under small temperature gradient conditions into the heat transfer medium in combination with uniformly distributing the heated water within the SCV tank is sufficient to vaporize the cryogenic liquid within the tube bundle 118. If heated water of significantly higher temperature is unavailable, the water spargers of the present invention are therefore a useful alternative.
  • the water spargers of the present invention are useful for exploiting heated water of a lower temperature, or water that is available from an atmospheric heating process, for example.
  • the water spargers 20 significantly enhance heat transfer under reduced heat input requirements from conventional fuel combustion sources, such as the burner 108.
  • the burner 108 may be operated at a lower capacity due to the additional heat provided by the water spargers 20. It follows that a significant energy cost savings may be achieved through operation of the water sparger assembly 12.
  • heated water is injected through the apertures 22 of the water spargers 20 beneath the flue gas spargers 138 where the water mixes in the turbulent flow region of the heat transfer medium.
  • the turbulent flow region of the heat transfer medium is generated by hot flue gases (or air) being released from the flue gas spargers 138. Turbulent mixing and uniform mass distribution helps to ensure maximum heat transfer between the heated water and the SCV tank heat transfer medium under conditions where the temperature gradient between the two is small.
  • the SCV tank 122 generally comprises the water sparger assembly 12, the cryogenic tube bundle 118, the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116, and a vessel for containing a heat transfer medium and items 12, 116 and 118.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 the water sparger assembly 12, the cryogenic tube bundle 118, and the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116 are illustrated, while the vessel is omitted for the purposes of clarity.
  • FIG. 5 the water sparger assembly 12 and the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116 are illustrated, while the vessel and the cryogenic tube bundle 118 are omitted for clarity.
  • the water sparger assembly 12 comprises a conduit 25 for carrying water and a plurality of water spargers 20 [ten shown for illustration] fluidly connected to the conduit 25 by mating flanges 33 and 35.
  • Each water sparger 20 extends outwardly from the conduit 25.
  • each water sparger extends through a wall of the SCV tank 122 and into the interior of the SCV tank, while the conduit 25 is positioned external to the SCV tank 122, as best shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the water spargers 20 are positioned directly beneath the flue gas spargers 138 of the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116, to promote turbulent flow as described above.
  • the conduit 25 is substantially cylindrical in shape, though other cross-sectional shapes are contemplated as well.
  • Conduit 25 is coupled to the water supply (not shown) by means of a flange 37.
  • Plural supports 27 are provided to support the conduit 25 against a foundation of the SCV tank 122 (not shown).
  • the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116 receives hot flue gases from the burner 108.
  • the assembly 116 comprises a hot flue gas duct 128 and a series of flue gas spargers 138 [twenty two shown for illustration].
  • Each sparger 138 extends outwardly from the flue gas duct 128 and is connected to the flue gas duct 128 in order to receive hot gases therefrom and to deliver the hot gases to the heat transfer medium within the SCV tank 122.
  • the spargers 138 distributes the hot flue gases through apertures 142 disposed in the flue gas spargers 138 into the heat transfer medium of the SCV tank.
  • the assembly 116 receives a stream of heated gas and divides that gas for substantially even distribution into the SCV tank 122 to encourage heat transfer between the hot gases, the heat transfer medium, and ultimately the cryogenic liquid such as liquid natural gas circulating within the tube bundle 118. Moreover, the flue gas manifold and distributor assembly 116 is uninsulated and completely submerged within the water bath in order to maximize heat transfer from the flue gases to the cryogenic tube bundle 118.
  • Each sparger 138 is provided with a closed end 140 and a plurality of openings 142 generally positioned along its upper surface to permit the flow of hot gases from within the sparger 138 to the heat transfer medium in the SCV tank 122.
  • the flue gas duct 128 is substantially cylindrical in shape, though other cross- sectional shapes are contemplated as well.
  • the flue gas duct 128 is coupled to the burner 108 by means of a flange 130.
  • the opposite end of the flue gas duct 128 is • encapsulated by a plate 132.
  • Plural lifting lugs 134 are provided along a top surface of the flue gas duct 128 in order to facilitate the handling of the assembly 116 during assembly, disassembly, modification and/or maintenance.
  • Plural supports 136 are provided to support the assembly 116 against a foundation of the SCV tank 122 (not shown). Referring now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a partial detailed view of the water sparger assembly 12 is illustrated. A partial top plan view and a side elevation view of the water sparger assembly 12 are shown respectively in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • the water sparger assembly 12 generally comprises a hollow conduit 25 and a plurality of individual water spargers 20 extending therefrom.
  • Conduit 25 is coupled to the water supply by means of a flange 37.
  • the conduit 25 and plural spargers 20 are optionally interconnected by mating flanges 33 and 35.
  • Plural supports 27 are provided to support the water sparger assembly 12 against a foundation of the SCV tank 122 (not shown).
  • Each water sparger 20 comprises a long hollow tube having a closed end 23.
  • a series of apertures 22 are provided on the top surface for the uniform distribution of water into the SCV tank 122.
  • a single row of apertures 22 direct the water vertically into the heat transfer medium toward the flue gas spargers 138.
  • the sizing of these apertures 22 is designed to provide sufficient pressure head loss, e.g., 20 PSIG, to enable uniform mass flow rate of the water, as described below.
  • water sparger assembly 12 includes ten water spargers 20 extending therefrom.
  • Each water sparger includes at least twenty-one (21) apertures 22, uniformly distributed over the surface of the water sparger, each aperture 22 having a diameter of at least about 1 3/16 inches.
  • the water sparger may include any number of apertures, of any diameter, in order to achieve a desired flow pattern.
  • the water spargers 20 are configured to maximize heat transfer between the heated water and the cryogenic tube bundle 118 by circulating large quantities of heated water through the SCV tank 122, when the thermal gradient between the heated water and the heat transfer medium within the SCV tank is small.
  • the temperature difference between water contained within the vessel and heated water distributed into the vessel by the water spargers 20 may be less than fifteen (15) degrees Fahrenheit.
  • each water sparger 20 is configured to deliver at least about 2,800 gallons of water per minute into a vessel sized to contain at least about 30,000 gallons of water. Moreover, the ratio of the flow rate [gallons/minute] of the water distributed into the vessel by a total of ten water spargers 20 (28,000 gallons of water per minute) to the volume of water contained within the vessel [gallons] may be greater than about 0.9: 1.
  • the discharge velocity of the water from each water sparger 20 coupled with the buoyant forces provided by flue gases or air exiting the flue gas spargers 138 encourages the water to travel toward and commingle with the cryogenic tube bundle 118, thereby maximizing heat transfer between the water and the cryogenic tube bundle 118. Furthermore, the trajectory and high discharge velocity of the water delivered into the SCV tank 122 by each water sparger 20 discourages the water from bypassing the cryogenic tube bundle 118 and traveling directly to the water return conduit 53 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. This adverse phenomena is referred to herein as "short circuiting.” .
  • the water spargers 20 are configured to uniformly distribute heated water across the heat transfer surfaces of the tube bundle 118 to enhance the heat transfer rate and discourage short circuiting. Further to the need for uniform distribution of heated water, the water spargers minimize the cycling time of the heated water within the SCV tank. Such short cycling will tend to reduce overall thermal efficiency.
  • the sparger assembly 12 may be tailored in a variety of different configurations, and may include any number of spargers 20 having any number of apertures 22 arranged in a variety of positions to tailor the flow of water through the SCV tank 122.
  • the sparger assembly 12 may be retrofitted onto an existing submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) for circulating heated water into the SCV tank of the vaporizer.
  • SCV submerged combustion vaporizer
  • the water spargers 20 may be positioned through the wall of the SCV tank and immersed within the heat transfer medium contained within the SCV tank.
  • the retrofitted SCV may be employed in an application where hot water is not available, to exploit a favorable climate, to reduce reliance on a fuel fired burner or other heat producing means, or to leverage any other of the aforementioned benefits of the water sparger assembly.
  • a water sparger assembly 12 While specific embodiments of a water sparger assembly 12 are shown in the figures for purposes of illustration, a wide variety of configurations can be used in order to deliver water to a heat transfer medium of a vaporizer. Depending on a particular application or size constraints for a vaporization system, the water sparger assembly can have a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and configurations. Preferably, however, the assembly will be configured to distribute large quantities of water in a substantially uniform fashion into the heat transfer medium so that heat can be evenly distributed for the vaporization of cryogenic liquid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de vaporisation de liquide cryogénique. Ce système comprend une cuve contenant de l'eau et un conduit pour liquide cryogénique dont au moins une partie est disposée dans la cuve et immergée dans l'eau. Un arroseur positionné au moins partiellement dans la cuve amène de l'eau dans cette dernière. La chaleur échangée entre l'eau et le liquide cryogénique fait se vaporiser ledit liquide.
PCT/US2008/002045 2007-02-16 2008-02-15 Dispositif et procédé de vaporisation de gaz naturel à l'air ambiant/par combustion immergée WO2008103291A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08725655A EP2115346A1 (fr) 2007-02-16 2008-02-15 Dispositif et procédé de vaporisation de gaz naturel à l'air ambiant/par combustion immergée
AU2008219096A AU2008219096A1 (en) 2007-02-16 2008-02-15 Apparatus and process for submerged combustion/ambient air liquefied natural gas vaporization
CN200880010633A CN101688641A (zh) 2007-02-16 2008-02-15 用于浸没燃烧/大气液化天然气汽化的装置和过程
CA002678183A CA2678183A1 (fr) 2007-02-16 2008-02-15 Dispositif et procede de vaporisation de gaz naturel a l'air ambiant/par combustion immergee

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90190007P 2007-02-16 2007-02-16
US60/901,900 2007-02-16

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WO2008103291A1 true WO2008103291A1 (fr) 2008-08-28

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EP (1) EP2115346A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101688641A (fr)
AU (1) AU2008219096A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2678183A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008103291A1 (fr)

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US8973405B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass
US8973400B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US8991215B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-31 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US8997525B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-04-07 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
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