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WO2008144249A2 - Centreur extensible destiné à une colonne de tubes dilatables - Google Patents

Centreur extensible destiné à une colonne de tubes dilatables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008144249A2
WO2008144249A2 PCT/US2008/063163 US2008063163W WO2008144249A2 WO 2008144249 A2 WO2008144249 A2 WO 2008144249A2 US 2008063163 W US2008063163 W US 2008063163W WO 2008144249 A2 WO2008144249 A2 WO 2008144249A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
expandable
bow
centralizer
bow spring
collar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/063163
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008144249A3 (fr
WO2008144249A4 (fr
Inventor
Jean Buytaert
Eugene Edward Miller
Donald Elwin Mcdowell
Original Assignee
Frank's International, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/749,544 external-priority patent/US7845061B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/828,943 external-priority patent/US8701783B2/en
Application filed by Frank's International, Inc. filed Critical Frank's International, Inc.
Priority to CA2687495A priority Critical patent/CA2687495C/fr
Priority to AT08769366T priority patent/ATE536462T1/de
Priority to EP08769366A priority patent/EP2158379B1/fr
Priority to BRPI0812118-4A2A priority patent/BRPI0812118A2/pt
Publication of WO2008144249A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008144249A2/fr
Publication of WO2008144249A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008144249A3/fr
Publication of WO2008144249A4 publication Critical patent/WO2008144249A4/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1014—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well
    • E21B17/1021—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well with articulated arms or arcuate springs
    • E21B17/1028—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well with articulated arms or arcuate springs with arcuate springs only, e.g. baskets with outwardly bowed strips for cementing operations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a close-tolerance expandable centralizer to dispose an expandable pipe string to a desired position within a borehole.
  • One embodiment of the invention is directed to an apparatus and a method to deploy an expandable centralizer, after it is received on an expandable pipe string and run into a borehole, to generally dispose the expanded pipe string to a desired position within the borehole.
  • Centralizers are commonly secured at spaced intervals along a pipe string to provide radial stand-off of the pipe string from the interior wall of a borehole in which the pipe string is subsequently installed.
  • the term "pipe string,” as used herein, may refer to a casing string, a drill string, or any other tubular.
  • a centralizer generally comprises a pair of generally aligned and spaced-apart collars defining a bore therethrough for receiving the pipe string, and a plurality of angularly- spaced ribs that project radially outwardly from the pipe string to provide the desired stand-off from the interior wall of the borehole.
  • a centralizer can center the pipe string within the borehole to provide a generally uniform annulus between the exterior surface of the pipe string and the wall of the borehole.
  • the centering of the pipe string within the borehole can promote uniform and continuous distribution of cement slurry within the annulus during cementing of the pipe string within a targeted interval of the borehole. Uniform cement slurry distribution can result in a cement liner that better reinforces the pipe string, isolates the pipe string from corrosive formation fluids, and prevents unwanted fluid flow between penetrated geologic formations.
  • a bow spring centralizer employs flexible bow springs to provide variable stand-off from the borehole.
  • Bow spring centralizers can include a pair of axially-spaced and generally aligned collars coupled one to the other by a plurality of bow springs.
  • the flexible bow springs can be biased toward a deployed configuration to bow radially outwardly and away from the axis of the bore through the centralizer to engage the wall of the borehole and can center a pipe string received through the bores of the collars. Configured in this manner, the bow springs provide stand-off from the wall of the borehole, and flex or collapse radially inwardly to accommodate restrictions and/or irregularities in the wall of the borehole.
  • the bow springs may fully collapse to lie generally flat along a portion of the pipe string to facilitate installation of the centralizer into the borehole through the bore of a previously installed or cemented pipe string, for example.
  • An expandable pipe string may be formed and positioned within an interval of the drilled borehole, and then expanded within the borehole to a larger diameter.
  • a pipe expansion device such as, but not limited to, a mandrel or rotary expander tool, may be inserted into the bore of the pipe string and forced through the bore to expand the pipe string. Expansion of pipe strings can enable increased capacity of the pipe string to produce reserves, or to accommodate downhole tools.
  • Generally centering an expanded pipe string can provide a uniform annulus around the expanded pipe string in order to obtain a favorable cement liner during the cementing step, but conventional expandable centralizers are likely to be damaged or impaired due to deformation of the conventional centralizer end collars. Expansion of conventional end collars generally causes substantial plastic deformation of the collar material which may result in instability at the collar and bow spring connection. Any restoring force of the bow spring when released to its deployed configuration may impart a substantial twisting force to the compromised collar and bow spring connection that may force the bow spring to twist out of alignment with the collars and the pipe string.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional expandable bow spring centralizer 100 received on a pipe string 80 having a diameter Dl.
  • the conventional bow spring centralizer 100 has a plurality of angularly distributed bow springs 120, each secured in a generally aligned relationship with the pipe string 80 by the collar and bow spring connections 116 on the pair of conventional end collars HOA, HOB.
  • the conventional centralizer shown in FIG. 1 may be compromised upon expansion, for example due to plastic deformation at the collar and bow spring connections 116.
  • FIG. 2 is the perspective view of the expanded conventional bow spring centralizer 100' of FIG. 1 after expansion of the pipe string 80 and the centralizer to an expanded diameter D2.
  • FIG. 2 depicts one embodiment of the substantial plastic deformation that may occur throughout the expanded end collars HOA, HOB, including at the critical collar and bow spring connections 116 on each of the two conventional end collars HOA', HOB' of the expanded centralizer 100'. While the plastically deformed collar and bow spring connections 116' on the centralizer of FIGs.
  • Close-tolerance centralizers generally have fully collapsible bow springs and thin-profile end collars.
  • Conventional close-tolerance centralizer end collars may be easily impaired by expansion due to the need to make the collar radially thin enough to fit within a narrow annulus between the expandable pipe string on which the centralizer is received and a restriction, such as, for example, a previously installed pipe string through which the centralizer and the expandable pipe string must pass for installation in a borehole.
  • a thin conventional end collar is more susceptible to failure due to expansion, especially at the collar and bow spring connections, due to plastic deformation.
  • Another challenge associated with expandable bow spring centralizers is related to the need to restrain the bow springs in their collapsed configuration to facilitate installation of the expandable pipe string into the borehole through a restriction, e.g., the bore of a previously installed pipe string, and to the need to deploy the expandable bow spring centralizer within the targeted interval of the borehole to center the expanded pipe string.
  • One method that has been proposed involves the steps of restraining the bow springs of a centralizer in their collapsed configuration using a restraining band of a selected material, and then by corrosively compromising the restraining band with an acid introduced into the borehole after the expandable centralizer and the pipe string on which it is installed are placed in the borehole.
  • Another method that has been proposed involves using downhole actuators, such as hydraulic pistons activated from the surface, to deploy the bow springs when the centralizer and the pipe string are positioned in the targeted interval of the borehole.
  • Still another method taught in U.S. Application Serial Number 11/828,943 filed on July 26, 2007, involves the use of a prefabricated sacrificial restraining band to restrain the bow springs in their collapsed configuration. The prefabricated band ruptures upon expansion of both the expandable pipe string and the centralizer within the targeted interval of the borehole.
  • the outer diameter of the end collars that connect to and stabilize the bow springs imposes a minimum diameter of a prefabricated restraining band that can be received over the end collars and then positioned on the bow springs to hold them in their collapsed configuration.
  • This limitation on the diameter of a prefabricated restraining band imposed by the outer diameter of the end collars may prevent the bow springs from being restrained in a fully collapsed configuration.
  • the outer diameter of the collapsed bow springs is greater than it should be, thereby increasing the running and starting forces encountered during installation of the pipe string in the borehole.
  • an expandable bow spring centralizer with bow springs that can be collapsed and restrained in the fully collapsed configuration by one or more restraining bands, and deployed to an expanded configuration by sacrificial failure of the band upon expansion of a pipe string upon which the centralizer is received.
  • an expandable centralizer that is adapted to be collapsed and restrained in its collapsed configuration using structures that introduce no unwanted materials into the borehole.
  • a restraining band to restrain the bow springs of a centralizer in their collapsed configurations that can be of a diameter that is smaller than the end collar of the centralizer.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional expandable bow spring centralizer with conventional expandable collars and collar and bow spring connections that may be compromised as a result of plastic deformation.
  • FIG. 2 is the perspective view of the conventional expandable bow spring centralizer of
  • FIG. 1 after expansion of the pipe string and the expandable centralizer.
  • FIG. 2 shows the substantial plastic deformation that may occur at the collar and bow spring connections on the two conventional expandable collars of the expandable centralizer.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the improved close-tolerance expandable centralizer having a first expandable collar connected to the first end of each of a plurality of bow springs, and a second expandable collar connected to the second end of each of the plurality of bow springs.
  • FIG. 4 is the perspective view of the close-tolerance expandable centralizer of FIG. 3 after the expandable collars are slidably expanded without substantial plastic deformation of the collar and bow spring connections.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the improved close-tolerance expandable centralizer having one or more bow spring fins connected to each bow spring between its first end and its second end, the fins connected to each bow spring to form two generally parallel arrangements of fins, each arrangement generally disposed between two planes that are parallel and generally perpendicular to the axis of a pipe string on which the expandable centralizer may be received.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the close-tolerance expandable centralizer of FIG. 5 after the bow springs have been collapsed and the bow spring fins have been spot welded to form a pair of generally parallel sacrificial restraining bands.
  • FIG. 7 is the perspective view of the close-tolerance expandable centralizer of FIG. 6 after the pipe string and the expandable centralizer have been expanded to rupture the restraining bands at the spot welds to release the bow springs to a deployed configuration.
  • FIG. 8 is an elevation view of the close-tolerance expandable centralizer of FIG. 6 showing the configurations of the expandable collars and the positions of the sacrificial restraining bands relative to the expandable collars prior to expansion of the pipe string and deployment of the expandable centralizer to center the pipe string.
  • One embodiment of the apparatus is an improved close-tolerance expandable centralizer to generally center an expandable pipe string within an interval of a drilled borehole.
  • the close-tolerance expandable centralizer may comprise a first expandable collar generally aligned with and spaced-apart from a second expandable collar, the first expandable collar coupled to the second expandable collar by a plurality of bow springs.
  • a number of the close- tolerance expandable centralizers may be installed on an expandable pipe string made up and run into the borehole at the surface, and the expandable pipe string may be installed in a targeted interval of the borehole.
  • the bow springs of the expandable centralizer may be collapsed to lie generally flat along the portion of the pipe string between the first expandable collar and the second expandable collar, and the bow springs may be restrained in the fully collapsed configuration using one or more restraining bands to facilitate installation of the expandable pipe string in a targeted interval of the borehole.
  • the one or more restraining bands may be fabricated in place by coupling band segments or fins connected to a plurality of bow springs, as opposed to prefabricated and fitted over an end collar, in order to customize the restraining band(s) to restrain the bow springs in the fully collapsed configuration and to thereby minimize the overall diameter of the collapsed centralizer.
  • each bow spring changes along the length of the bow spring from a minimum curvature adjacent to the first end and the second end of the bow spring, to a maximum curvature near the center of the bow spring generally intermediate the first end and the second end.
  • This embodiment may provide an expandable centralizer that is self- securing when the bow springs are collapsed to lie generally along a portion of the length of the pipe string on which the expandable centralizer is received.
  • This self-securing capacity is due to the inwardly-directed gripping action by the portions of each bow spring immediately adjacent to its first end and to its second end as the bow spring is radially inwardly collapsed. It should be understood that the amount of grip imparted by the bow springs to the exterior of the expandable pipe as the bow springs are collapsed to lie along a portion of length of the pipe string may be determined by, among other factors, the shape of the bow springs, and specifically by the contour of the bow springs immediately adjacent to the bow spring / collar connections. In these portions, the curvature of each bow spring may be generally opposite in direction to the curvature of the middle portion of each bow spring that deploys to engage the wall of the borehole.
  • the grip applied to the exterior surface of the expandable pipe string by the collapsed bow springs coupled with the application or fabrication of a band to restrain the bow springs in the collapsed configuration prior to installation of the expandable pipe string into the borehole, eliminates the need for one or more stop collars to secure the expandable centralizer in its axial position on the expandable pipe string.
  • the collapsed bow springs continue to grip the exterior of the expandable pipe string until the bow springs of the expandable centralizer are deployed. Upon deployment, the centralizer may be secured in place within the borehole by the gripping force applied by the portions of the bow springs that engage the wall of the borehole.
  • each of the first and the second close-tolerance expandable collars may each comprise a plurality of links, each link slidably coupled to two adjacent links to form a generally cylindrical collar.
  • Each link may comprise a first side, a second side generally opposite the first, and a bow spring connection where the link may be connected to either the first end or the second end of a bow spring.
  • Each link may further comprise an extension protruding outwardly from the first side, which may terminate in a head, a chamber within the interior of the link for receiving the head, and a channel for receiving the extension and having a first end at the chamber and a second end at the second side of the link.
  • the bow spring connection may be positioned on the link generally intermediate the first side and the second side of the link, and may be above or below the midline of the link defined by a projected line along the protruding extension.
  • One embodiment of the expandable collar may comprise a plurality of such links, each slidably coupled to two adjacent links by slidably receiving the extension and the head of a first link within the channel and the chamber, respectively, of an adjacent link to form a pair of links that are movably coupled one to the other.
  • the movable coupling of each adjacent pair of links may have a limited range of slidable separation of one link from an adjacent coupled link. The range of separation may be determined by the size of the head extending from a link, and by the size of the chamber of the adjacent link in which the head is slidably received.
  • the head of a first link may, for example, start at a distal end of the chamber of an adjacent, second link and, upon expansion of the expandable pipe string and the expandable centralizer, the head of the first link may slide towards the proximal end of the chamber as the second link separates from the first link from which the head extends.
  • the head extending from the first link moves to and engages the proximal end of the chamber of the second link, the separation of the second link from the first link terminates, and any further expansion of the expandable centralizer collar must occur as a result of separation of one or more other pairs of adjacent links.
  • the expandable collars of the expandable centralizer may be made so that each collar is secured in its position on the expanded pipe string.
  • an expandable collar in which each slidably extendable pair of adjacent links has separated one from the other in a manner to cause the head of each link to move to its extreme position at the proximal end of the chamber of the adjacent link in which the head is movable may thereby form an expanded collar imparting a grip on the exterior of the expanded pipe string.
  • each of the slidably expanded collars of the centralizer may be achieved by, for example, making the dimensions of the head, extensions, chambers and links so that the cumulative slidable expansions of each slidably coupled pair of links approximately equals the increase in the circumference of the expanded pipe string over and above the circumference of the unexpanded pipe string.
  • An expandable centralizer made according to this embodiment of the method may self-secure in its position on the expanded pipe string without the need for one or more stop collars to maintain its position.
  • each of the links may have an identical shape and size, it should be understood that alternate embodiments may include the use of alternate links of a dissimilar shape and form.
  • every other link may comprise two opposing extensions, each terminating in a head, and each link between the links having two opposed extensions may comprise two opposed channels, one for slidably receiving an extension from a first link on a first side and one for slidably receiving a second link on a second side.
  • a planar projection of the head on the extension of a link may be generally rectangular and the chamber of the adjacent link within which the head may be slidably received may similarly be generally rectangular, but more elongated in the circumferential direction.
  • a planar projection of the head may be generally triangular so that the extension and the head together appear to be arrow-shaped, and the chamber of the adjacent link within which the head is slidably received may also be generally arrow-shaped, but elongated at its intersection with the channel to accommodate sliding movement of the head within the chamber.
  • a planar projection of the head may be generally bulbous or tear drop-shaped, and the chamber of the adjacent link within which the head is slidably received may be of a generally corresponding bulbous shape, but elongate to accommodate sliding movement of the head within the chamber upon movement of the link to which the head is connected relative to the link within which the chamber that receives the head resides.
  • each of the elements of the link including, but not limited to the extension, the head, the chamber and the channel, may be curved or arcuate in the circumferential direction so that the plurality of links coupled together generally conform to the shape of a tube to minimize the clearance required to accommodate the expandable collar and the size of the annulus within which the expandable centralizer may be disposed when the bow springs are collapsed and restrained in their collapsed configuration.
  • Embodiments of the expandable centralizer permit expansion of the expandable centralizer, along with the pipe string on which the expandable centralizer is received, to a larger diameter without substantial plastic deformation at the collar and bow spring connections on each link.
  • Plastic deformation of the collar and bow spring connections is substantially reduced or eliminated by embodiments of the expandable centralizer that provide for limited separation of adjacent links to accommodate expansion of the pipe string on which the expandable centralizer is received without compromising the integrity and stability of the collar and bow spring connections.
  • each of the slidably coupled links may separate from the two adjacent links to increase the diameter of the expandable collars with substantially reduced plastic deformation of the collar and bow spring connections on the links.
  • Reduction or elimination of plastic deformation at the collar and bow spring connections maintains stable and twist-resistant collar and bow spring connections and ensures reliable deployment of the bow springs after expansion of the pipe string to better center the pipe string within the targeted interval of the borehole.
  • the collar and bow spring connection on each link may be integrally formed with the link.
  • the centralizer may be cut using a laser from a unitary piece of tubular pipe in accordance with the methods disclosed in U.S. Utility Patent Application serial number 11/749,544 filed on May 16, 2007 by applicants Jean Buytaert, et al. and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • the collar and bow spring connections may each comprise a welded connection, a fastened connection, which may include a screw, bolt and nut, etc., or a slot and tongue connection wherein a "dogleg" or offset portion near the end of the bow spring is received through a slot in the collar.
  • the stress concentration elements that may be introduced by these connections are not as potentially destabilizing to the connection due to the lack of substantial plastic deformation.
  • adjacent links of each expandable collar may be slidably coupled one to the others, but also joined one to the others using one or more sacrificial link connections.
  • the sacrificial connection may restrain the links against movement relative to adjacent links until the expandable centralizer is expanded.
  • the sacrificial link connections may comprise small "bridges" of the original material consisting of one or more interruptions in the cut between adjacent links. Alternately, these sacrificial connections may comprise spot welds or bonding agents.
  • An integral collar and bow spring connection formed in accordance with the method taught in the above-cited Buytaert et al. application may provide an advantageously low- clearance connection that is strong, and that consumes minimal radial space so that the expandable centralizer bow springs may be collapsed and disposed within a narrow annulus between the exterior of a pipe string on which the expandable centralizer is received and a restriction, e.g., the bore of a previously installed pipe string.
  • a welded connection may be formed in a manner that also consumes little radial space.
  • a coupon approximately the width of the first end of a bow spring may be cut from each link of the expandable centralizer collar to form a recess therein, and the first end of a bow spring may be disposed within the recess and welded to the link along the sides and along the bottom of the recess.
  • the welded seam may then be dressed using a grinder, and the resulting collar and bow spring connection may be strong enough to later resist twisting of the deployed bow spring relative to the collar, and thin enough to fit within a narrow annulus formed between two pipe strings.
  • the expandable centralizer may be adapted to be restrained in its collapsed configuration using one or more restraining bands formed by connecting a plurality of bow spring fins to form a sacrificial restraining band. More specifically, one or more bow spring fins, each of which may comprise a band segment, may be coupled to each bow spring of the expandable centralizer at a position that is generally adjacent to bow spring fins that are connected to the adjacent bow springs.
  • the fins may protrude in a generally circumferential direction (i.e., generally perpendicular to the radial direction) from the bow spring so that they each contact and/or overlap the end one or more adjacent fins protruding from an adjacent bow spring when the bow springs are disposed to their collapsed configuration using a collapsing tool.
  • a restraining band formed in this manner may be of a smaller diameter than the diameter of the end collars that are connected to and stabilize the bow springs.
  • the fins may not touch and overlap, but may instead be brought into close proximity to a fin protruding from the adjacent bow spring to form a small gap there between.
  • Adjacent fins may be joined, for example, by spot welding, or otherwise connected to form a restraining band to restrain the collapsed bow springs in their collapsed configuration upon removal of the collapsing tool.
  • the restraining band is adapted to sacrificially fail at the spot welded connections that connect adjacent pairs of fins upon expansion of the expandable centralizer and the expandable pipe string on which the expandable centralizer is received.
  • each fin protrudes from the side of the bow springs so that the fin, which is substantially thinner than the radial thickness of the bow spring, does not increase or contribute to the overall outside diameter of the bow springs of the centralizer when the bow springs are collapsed.
  • each fin may be connected to the radially inwardly disposed surface of a bow spring so that the thin fins, when connected to form a restraining band, do not interrupt the smooth outer surfaces of the bow springs. The connected fins form a thin restraining band that holds the bow springs from within, thereby adding very little or no extra outside diameter at the bow springs.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an expandable centralizer 8 comprising a pair of opposed, expandable end collars 1OA, 1OB (hereinafter “expandable collars”) and a plurality of generally angularly distributed bow springs 30.
  • the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB each have a bore, and the bores of the two expandable collars are generally aligned, one with the other, to receive a generally linear and expandable pipe segment 80 there through.
  • the illustrated bow springs 30 each have a first end 3OA connected to the first expandable collar 1OA, and a second end 3OB connected to the second expandable collar 1OB.
  • Each bow spring 30 is shown in FIG. 3 in its deployed and outwardly bowed configuration, and each is generally flexible and collapsible to lie generally along a portion of the exterior surface of
  • Expandable collar 1OA comprises a plurality of links 16, each having a collar and bow spring connection joining the link 16 to the first end 3OA of a bow spring 30.
  • opposing expandable collar 1OB comprises a plurality of links 16, each having a bow spring connection joining the link 16 to the second end 3OB of a bow spring 30.
  • Each link 16 of depicted expandable collars 1OA, 1OB is connected to either the first end 3OA or to the second end 3OB of a bow spring 30, and each link 16 is slidably coupled to two adjacent links 16 by an extension 14 received through a channel 15 and terminating in a head 12 that is received within a chamber 11.
  • each link 16 of the first expandable collar 1OA shown in FIG. 3 comprises an extension 14 protruding from the left side of each link 16, and a chamber 11 formed within the link at an interior end of a channel 15 that extends from the chamber 11 to the right side of the link 16.
  • Each link 16 of the first expandable collar 1OA further comprises a collar and bow spring connection to the first end 3OA of a bow spring 30, the connection being generally intermediate the left side and the right side of each link 16, and generally below the midline of each link 16 defined by a projected line extending through the extensions 14 that protrudes from the left side of each of the links 16.
  • the second expandable collar 1OB is comprised of a plurality of links 16 that are horizontally similar to, but vertically reversed from, the links 16 that make up the first expandable collar 1OA.
  • each extension 14 of each link 16 also extends from the left side of the link 16 (when the link 16 is viewed from outside the collar 10B), and each chamber 11 is formed within the interior of each link 16 at the interior end of a channel 15 that extends from the chamber 11 to the right side of the link 16 (again, when the link 16 is viewed from outside the collar 10B).
  • each link 16 of the second expandable collar 1OB to the second end 3OB of a bow spring 30 is generally above the midline of the link 16, whereas the collar and bow spring connections of each link 16 of the first expandable collar 1OA to the first end 3OA of a bow spring 30 is generally below the midline of the link 16.
  • each extension 14 of each link 16 might extend from the right side of the link 16 (when the link 16 is viewed from outside the collar 10B), and each chamber 11 is formed within the interior of each link 16 at the interior end of a channel 15 that extends from the chamber 11 to the left side of the link 16 (again, when the link 16 is viewed from outside the collar 10B), with no loss of function of the expandable collar to slidably expand to a larger diameter and circumference by slidable separation of each link from one or both adjacent links by sliding of the extension 14 and head 12 of the link 16 within the channel 15 and the chamber 11, respectively, of an adjacent link 16.
  • a link may further comprise an elongate keeper 18 coupled at its ends to the exterior surface of the link 16 and extending across the channel 15 of the link 16 to generally contain the extension 14 of an adjacent link 16 within the channel 15 of the link 16, and also to prevent the head 12 on the end of an extension 14 protruding form an adjacent link 16 from being pulled completely from the chamber 11 of the link 16.
  • the keeper 18 may limit the extension of each pair of links 16, and it may be positioned on the link 16 to engage the extension 14 of the adjacent link 16 as it slides within the channel 15 causing the circumferential curvature of the extension 14 to conform to the larger, expanded diameter of the pipe string on which the expandable centralizer is received.
  • the keeper 18 may apply a force to the extension 14 during expansion of the expandable centralizer 8 that flattens the extension toward a less arcuate shape.
  • the extension of some of the pairs of links may be limited, and the extension 14 of some links 16 may be flattened by application of an enlarged keeper that covers a substantial portion of the channel 15 and the chamber 11 of some or all of the links 16.
  • an enlarged keeper may comprise a sheet of thin and generally flexible metal that may be generally equal size to the link 16.
  • the thin sheet metal keeper may be secured in a blanketing configuration onto a link 16, e.g., by spot welding or by use of an adhesive to cover the channel 15 and the chamber 11 of the link 16.
  • the enlarged keeper would serve the same general purposes of the keeper 18 shown in FIGs.
  • the substantially keeper may deter the accumulation of debris within the channel 15 and chamber 11 that might otherwise interfere with the slidable expansion of the expandable collar.
  • the enlarged keeper may prevent the expandable collar from hanging up on borehole obstructions, tubular joints and other structures in the borehole during installation of the expandable tubular string into the borehole.
  • a laser e.g., an industrial laser
  • water jet or other cutting apparatus may be used to cut the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB, for example, from a unitary piece of tubular pipe.
  • the thickness and the diameter of the expandable centralizer collars 1OA, 1OB may vary according to the size of the pipe string to be centered within a borehole and accordingly to other parameters, e.g., those affecting the strength requirements of the expandable centralizer. The thickness and diameter of an expandable centralizer may exceed or fall below these ranges.
  • the slidably coupled links shown in FIG. 3 may be cut from a unitary piece of pipe by cutting along a pattern, and then by removing coupons of pipe wall material formed during cutting and positioned within the chamber 11 of each link 16, and on opposite sides of the extension 14.
  • the coupons have been removed, thereby leaving a pair of generally rectangular and variable-sized apertures on either side of each extension 14, the circumferential length of these apertures generally defining the extent to which each pair of adjacent links 16 may separate one from the other by sliding of the head 12 within the chamber 11 of the adjacent link 16.
  • the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB of the expandable centralizer 8 are made so that each expanded collar 1OA, 1OB is self-secured in its position on the expanded pipe string 80.
  • an expandable collar 1OA, 1OB in which each slidably extendable pair of adjacent links 16 has separated one from the other in a manner to cause the head 12 of a first link 16 to move from its remote position at the distal end of the chamber 11 of the adjacent, second link 16 to its extreme position at the proximal end of the chamber 11 of the adjacent, second link in which the head 12 is movable may thereby form an expanded collar 1OA, 1OB that has a residual grip on the exterior of the expanded pipe string 80.
  • This residual grip by each slidably expanded collar 1OA, 1OB of the expandable centralizer may be achieved by, for example, making the dimensions of the head 12, extensions 14, chambers 11 and links 16 so that the cumulative slidable expansions of each slidably coupled pair of links 16 approximately equals the increase in the circumference of the expanded pipe string 80 as a result of expansion. More specifically, the inside diameter of the expanded collars 1OA, 1OB of the expandable centralizer 80 may be slightly less than the outside diameter of the expanded pipe string 80 to place the expanded collars 1OA, 1OB of the expanded centralizer 8 in a tensile condition on the exterior of the expanded pipe string 80.
  • An expandable centralizer 8 made according to this embodiment of the method will self-secure in its position on the expanded pipe string 80 without the need for one or more stop collars to maintain its position.
  • the geometric shape of the head and chamber may vary. While the shape of the heads 12 and chambers 11 shown in FIG. 3 are generally rectangular, other embodiments may comprises generally bulbous heads slidably received within correspondingly bulbous, but more elongate, chambers. Other embodiments may comprise generally arrow-shaped heads slidably received within generally arrow-shaped, but more elongate, chambers. There may be numerous variations of shapes that may be applied to the slidably coupled links of the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB of the expandable centralizer 8 without departing from the spirit of the claimed invention disclosed herein. [0045] It should also be understood that coupons of material can be cut from other locations in the pattern formed by the slidably coupled links.
  • each bridge 25 of material to connect adjacent links 16 may be determined according to the diameter Dl and/or the thickness of the pipe from which the expandable centralizer 1OA, 1OB is cut.
  • Each bridge 25 of material between adjacent links 16 can be design selected so as to not cause significant stressing or deformation of the links 16 during expansion of the expandable pipe string 80, and each can be designed to not be so narrow that it may fail prematurely and allow premature expansion by separation of any pair of the links 16 of an expandable collar 1OA, 1OB during installation or handling.
  • each bridge 25 may be formed by a small discontinuity in the pattern followed
  • the discontinuity may be, for example, about 0.10 inches on a collar having a thickness of about 0.30 inches.
  • the bridges 25 used to couple a pair of adjacent links 16 in the pre- extended condition may be made sufficient to restrain the links 16 one adjacent to the other in the un-extended configuration, but may also be small enough to ensure sacrificial failure of the bridges 25 without unwanted deformation of a link 16 to which the bridge 25 may be connected.
  • each bridge 25 should be made in a manner to ensure sacrificial failure of all bridges 25 and slidable separation of each pair of adjacent links 16 without overextension or damage to any extended pair of adjacent links 16.
  • the bridges 25 should be made small enough so that, in an expansion event wherein full expansion is achieved by sequential slidable separation of adjacent pairs of links 16, no extended pair of links 16 may be pulled during the expansion of the centralizer 8 enough to, for example, rupture the extension 14 coupled to a head 12 of a link that has already moved to its extreme position within a chamber 11 of an adjacent link 16.
  • the bridges 25 of material or, alternately, spot welds or other couplings applied to retain each un-extended pair of links 16 one adjacent the other should be selected to ensure sacrificial failure below a threshold level that would otherwise overextend or damage an already slidably extended pair of adjacent links 16.
  • This design parameter will ensure extension of each pair of adjacent links 16 one from the other, full expansion of the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB about the expanded pipe string 80, and self-securing of the expanded centralizer 8 on the exterior surface of the expanded pipe string 80.
  • each link 16 of the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB may be completely cut and separated from the adjacent links 16 during the manufacturing process, leaving only the slidable coupling there between. Subsequently, each pair of adjacent links 16 may be connected one to the other using, for example, a bonding agent or sacrificial spot welds to restrain the expandable collars in their contracted (pre-expanded) configuration.
  • adjacent links may be connected using deformably releasable couplings, such as hook and loop fasteners or lapped unions, sacrificial bands, welding, or other methods known in the art. While this alternative method of connected separated links can be used, the sacrificial bridges formed using the method described advantageously eliminates the step of connecting the links 16.
  • FIG. 4 is the perspective view of the expandable centralizer of FIG. 3 after the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB of the expandable centralizer 8 are expanded, for example, without substantial plastic deformation of the collar and bow spring connections.
  • Each extension 14 protruding from each link 16 is shown to be slid within the channel 15 of the adjacent link 16, and each head 12 at the end of each extension 14 protruding from each link 16 is shown to be slid within the chamber 11 of the adjacent link 16 in a corresponding amount of circumferential movement.
  • Each link 16 is shown to be separated from each of the adjacent links 16 by a gap corresponding to the same circumferential distance.
  • the diameter of the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB is shown to have increased from Dl (see FIG.
  • each extension 14 of a link 16 has contained the extension 14 within the channel 15 and imposed on the extension 14 a bending force causing the extension 14 to assume a less arcuate shape and to substantially conform to the expanded circumference and curvature of the expanded pipe string 80.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the improved expandable centralizer 8 having one or more fins 32 connected to each of the bow springs 30 between the first end 3OA and the second end 3OB.
  • Fin 32 may comprise a thin metal band segment that is generally flat and thin relative to the thickness of the bow spring 30 to which it is connected.
  • Each pair of fins 32 are shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 connected to the radially inwardly disposed side of the bow spring 32, which can abate hanging or snagging of the fins 32 on borehole obstructions or one other articles in the borehole, e.g., during installation of the pipe string 80 and the expandable centralizer 8.
  • the fins 32 may protrude in a generally circumferential direction from each bow spring 30 and/or toward an adjacent bow spring which, as shown in FIG. 5, may support an adjacent fin 32.
  • the fins 32 are generally positioned on the bow springs 30 to bring the fins 32 into close proximity or contact when the bow springs 30 are collapsed, e.g., to lie generally along a portion of the length of the pipe string 80 on which the centralizer 8 received.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the expandable centralizer 8 of FIG. 5 after the bow springs 30 have been collapsed using a collapsing tool (not shown in FIG. 6) to lie generally along a portion of the length of the pipe string 80 on which the centralizer 8 is received.
  • the bow springs 30 may be collapsed and restrained in the collapsed position shown in FIG. 6 using one of several tools known in the art.
  • One example of such a collapsing tool is illustrated in FIGs. 9A-9C of U.S. Serial Number 11/828,943 and described in the portions of the specification that relate to this same drawings.
  • Each fin 32 is shown in FIG. 6 to be spot welded to an adjacent fin 32 to form a pair of generally parallel sacrificial restraining bands 39.
  • the restraining bands 39 are each placed in tension and overcome the restoring forces of each of the bow springs 30 to restrain the bow springs 30 in their collapsed configuration so that the pipe string 80 and the centralizer 8 may be installed in the targeted interval of the borehole through a restriction, e.g., the bore of a previously installed pipe string.
  • the centralizer 8 shown in FIG. 6 may be deployed by expansion of the pipe string 80 (and the centralizer 8) from its original diameter Dl to an expanded diameter D2. Expansion of the centralizer 8 causes the spot welds 33 to sacrificially fail, thereby allowing the bow springs 30 to deploy within the targeted interval of the borehole to center the pipe string 80 within the borehole.
  • the spot welds 33 used to couple adjacent fins 32 to form the restraining bands 39 may be made sufficient to restrain the bow springs 30 in the fully collapsed configuration, but may also be small enough to ensure sacrificial failure of the spot welds 33 with unwanted deformation of a bow spring 30 to which the fin 32 may be connected.
  • the fins 32 may be connected to the radially inwardly disposed surface of the bow springs to protrude generally circumferentially toward fins connected to the radially inwardly disposed surface of adjacent bow springs or, optionally, the
  • fins may be connected to protrude from the side of the bow spring toward fins connected to the sides of adjacent bow springs. While the fins may also be connected to the radially outwardly disposed side of the bow springs, the previously discussed methods abate the hanging of the fins on obstructions during installation of the pipe string.
  • forming the restraining band as described above may enable the installation of longer pipe strings, larger diameter pipe strings, or both, due to the minimization of the outer diameter of the collapsed centralizer at the bow springs.
  • the diameter of the expandable collars to which the bow springs are connected at the ends does not prevent the formation of a restraining band having a diameter that is smaller than the outer diameter of the expandable collars.
  • forming of a restraining band as described above may minimize the starting and running forces for a pipe string that has end collars that expand by sliding movement, as described herein, or with conventional end collars that expand with plastic deformation.
  • FIG. 7 is the perspective view of the expandable centralizer of FIG. 6 after the pipe string 80 and the expandable centralizer 8 have been expanded to an expanded diameter D2 and the restraining bands 39 have been ruptured, e.g., by expansion to release the bow springs 30 back to their deployed configuration.
  • FIG. 7 shows the fins 32 that were joined to form the restraining bands 39 shown in FIG. 6 generally back to their original form except for small failed spot welds 33a on the fins 32 where the sacrificial spot welds 33 were placed as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the fins 32 may perform additional functions other than to secure the bow springs in the collapsed position.
  • the fins 32 may be positioned on the bow springs 30 to cause turbulence and/or mixing of drilling fluid or cement slurry that may be circulated through the annulus between the exterior of the expanded pipe string 80 on which the expandable centralizer 8 is received and the borehole (not shown in FIG. 7) when the expandable centralizer 8 is deployed in the borehole to center the expanded pipe string 80.
  • This positioning of the fins may require that the fins be positioned between the apex or top of the arc of the bow spring that is generally at its center, and the end of the bow spring that connects to the collar. More specifically, this may require that the fins be positioned on the bow spring at or near the portion of the bow spring with relatively little curvature when the bow spring is in its deployed configuration.
  • FIG. 8 is an elevation view of the expandable centralizer 8 that is shown positioned on the pipe string 80 in FIG. 6 with the bow springs in the collapsed configuration.
  • FIG. 8 shows the configurations of the links 16, heads 12, extensions 14, chambers 11, channels 15 and bridges 25 of the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB, and the positions of the restraining bands 39 that secure the bow springs in their collapsed configuration relative to the expandable collars 1OA, 1OB prior to expansion of the pipe string and deployment of the expandable centralizer to center the pipe string.
  • the expandable centralizer of the present invention is not limited to any particular number of bow springs, or to any particular method of connecting the bow springs to the expandable collars, and that the embodiment shown in the appended drawings is an exemplary embodiment. Similarly, the placement of the fins (that may be connected to form one or more restraining bands) in locations other than the locations shown in the appended drawings is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the appended drawings represent an idealized deployment of the bow springs of the expandable centralizer of the present invention, and that various factors could result in the stand-off provided by some deployed bow springs on one side of the expandable centralizer being less than the stand-off provided by other deployed bow springs on the other side of the expandable centralizer.
  • the expandable pipe string on which the expandable centralizer of the present invention is secured may be installed in a targeted interval of the borehole that is non- vertical, then gravity may cause the bow springs on one side to provide less stand-off than is provided by the bow springs on the other side of the expanded centralizer.
  • an alternate embodiment of the expandable centralizer may comprise one or more links coupled to one or more adjacent links by a coupling that is not slidable, or by a coupling that is not movable. It should be understood that the advantageous expansion of the expandable collar without excessive plastic deformation at the collar / bow spring connections may be achieved with some links having static or otherwise non-slidable couplings.
  • an alternate embodiment of the expandable centralizer may comprise one or more links that is coupled to two or more bow springs or not coupled to any bow spring.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un centreur extensible (8) à ressorts en étrier présentant une tolérance serrée. Ce centreur comprend un premier collier dilatable (10A) situé à une certaine distance d'un second collier dilatable (10B) et relié à ce dernier par une pluralité de ressorts en étrier (30). Les colliers extensibles (1OA, 10B) comprennent une pluralité d'éléments de liaison (16) accouplés glissants qui se séparent pour augmenter le diamètre des colliers (1OA, 10B), par exemple lors la dilatation d'une colonne de tubes dilatables (80) sur laquelle le centreur (8) est reçu. Lorsqu'il présente une configuration aplatie, le centreur extensible (8) à ressorts en étrier permet de saisir la colonne de tubes dilatables (80) sans avoir recours à un collier d'arrêt. En outre, ou en variante, une ailette (32) peut être reliée à chaque ressort en étrier (30), puis reliée à au moins une autre ailette adjacente (32) lors de l'aplatissement des ressorts en étrier (30) pour former une bande de retenue (39) pouvant être rompue, par exemple lors de la dilatation d'une colonne de tubes dilatables (80).
PCT/US2008/063163 2007-05-16 2008-05-09 Centreur extensible destiné à une colonne de tubes dilatables WO2008144249A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2687495A CA2687495C (fr) 2007-05-16 2008-05-09 Centreur extensible destine a une colonne de tubes dilatables
AT08769366T ATE536462T1 (de) 2007-05-16 2008-05-09 Erweiterbare zentrierer für erweiterbaren rohrstrang
EP08769366A EP2158379B1 (fr) 2007-05-16 2008-05-09 Centreur extensible destiné à une colonne de tubes dilatables
BRPI0812118-4A2A BRPI0812118A2 (pt) 2007-05-16 2008-05-09 Centralizador expansível para coluna de tubo expansível

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/749,544 2007-05-16
US11/749,544 US7845061B2 (en) 2007-05-16 2007-05-16 Low clearance centralizer and method of making centralizer
US11/828,943 2007-07-26
US11/828,943 US8701783B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2007-07-26 Apparatus for and method of deploying a centralizer installed on an expandable casing string

Publications (3)

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WO2008144249A2 true WO2008144249A2 (fr) 2008-11-27
WO2008144249A3 WO2008144249A3 (fr) 2009-01-15
WO2008144249A4 WO2008144249A4 (fr) 2009-03-12

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AT (1) ATE536462T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0812118A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2687495C (fr)
WO (1) WO2008144249A2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

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WO2012076850A1 (fr) * 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Centreur en une seule pièce
WO2013135297A1 (fr) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Statoil As Dispositif de centrage pour un tubage pouvant être déployé
US8573296B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2013-11-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Limit collar
US8678096B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2014-03-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US8833446B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2014-09-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
WO2015069595A3 (fr) * 2013-11-05 2015-07-02 Enventure Global Technology, Llc Centreur de colonne de tubage deployable
US9074430B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2015-07-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite limit collar

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9725967B2 (en) 2013-07-24 2017-08-08 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Centralizers for centralizing well casings
GB2578774B (en) * 2018-11-08 2023-05-10 Vulcan Completion Products Uk Ltd Centraliser
CN110043199B (zh) * 2019-04-22 2020-10-02 陕西纽兰德实业有限公司 一种扶正器

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US2718266A (en) * 1951-12-14 1955-09-20 Baker Oil Tools Inc Stop devices for well conduits
US3356147A (en) * 1965-04-07 1967-12-05 Dreyfuss Wilfred Centralizer device for casings in boreholes
US3566965A (en) * 1968-07-22 1971-03-02 B & W Inc Variable size,multi-hinge centralizer
GB2148985A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-06-05 Baker Oil Tools Inc Segmented concentric centraliser
US5261488A (en) * 1990-01-17 1993-11-16 Weatherford U.K. Limited Centralizers for oil well casings

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US2312600A (en) * 1941-01-02 1943-03-02 Steps Robert Alexander Well mechanism
US2718266A (en) * 1951-12-14 1955-09-20 Baker Oil Tools Inc Stop devices for well conduits
US3356147A (en) * 1965-04-07 1967-12-05 Dreyfuss Wilfred Centralizer device for casings in boreholes
US3566965A (en) * 1968-07-22 1971-03-02 B & W Inc Variable size,multi-hinge centralizer
GB2148985A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-06-05 Baker Oil Tools Inc Segmented concentric centraliser
US5261488A (en) * 1990-01-17 1993-11-16 Weatherford U.K. Limited Centralizers for oil well casings

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8505624B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2013-08-13 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Integral pull-through centralizer
WO2012076850A1 (fr) * 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Centreur en une seule pièce
AU2011340313B2 (en) * 2010-12-09 2015-08-06 Antelope Oil Tool & Manufacturing Co., Llc. Integral centralizer
US9493994B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2016-11-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US10676996B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2020-06-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US8678096B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2014-03-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US8833446B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2014-09-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US10240404B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2019-03-26 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US10087689B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2018-10-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite bow centralizer
US8573296B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2013-11-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Limit collar
US9074430B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2015-07-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Composite limit collar
WO2013135297A1 (fr) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Statoil As Dispositif de centrage pour un tubage pouvant être déployé
US10227833B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2019-03-12 Enventure Global Technology, Inc. Centralizer for expandable liner
WO2015069595A3 (fr) * 2013-11-05 2015-07-02 Enventure Global Technology, Llc Centreur de colonne de tubage deployable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2428637A3 (fr) 2014-07-30
EP2158379A2 (fr) 2010-03-03
WO2008144249A3 (fr) 2009-01-15
EP2158379B1 (fr) 2011-12-07
WO2008144249A4 (fr) 2009-03-12
CA2687495C (fr) 2017-04-18
ATE536462T1 (de) 2011-12-15
BRPI0812118A2 (pt) 2014-11-25
CA2687495A1 (fr) 2008-11-27
EP2428637A2 (fr) 2012-03-14
EP2578796A2 (fr) 2013-04-10
EP2578796A3 (fr) 2014-08-27

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