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WO2008141865A1 - Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008141865A1
WO2008141865A1 PCT/EP2008/054229 EP2008054229W WO2008141865A1 WO 2008141865 A1 WO2008141865 A1 WO 2008141865A1 EP 2008054229 W EP2008054229 W EP 2008054229W WO 2008141865 A1 WO2008141865 A1 WO 2008141865A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
electrochemical energy
energy store
cell
cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/054229
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Florian Wahl
Martin Holger Koenigsmann
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2008141865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008141865A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4214—Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrochemical energy store according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating an electrochemical energy store.
  • lithium-ion batteries are currently used. These have energy densities of up to approximately 200 Ah / kg as high-energy batteries. As high-performance batteries, energy densities up to 100 Ah / kg are achieved.
  • the temperature range in which lithium ion accumulators work effectively and safely is limited. This is generally in the range between -10 0 C and 50 0 C. However, this temperature range is not sufficient in particular for applications in electric and hybrid vehicles. A vehicle must be able to operate safely and reliably even at low temperatures, for example after long periods in winter or at high temperatures, for example in the summer after long periods on heated asphalt. For this reason, it is desired to provide accumulators that can be safely and reliably operated in a temperature range of -30 0 C to +80 0 C.
  • An inventively designed electrochemical energy storage comprises at least one cell with at least one cathode, an anode and an electrolyte, which allows nen flow of current from the anode to the cathode.
  • the electrochemical energy store further comprises at least two storage chambers for receiving in each case an electrolyte or at least one storage container for receiving a component of an electrolyte, wherein the storage chambers for receiving different electrolytes or various basic constituents of the electrolyte are provided for different operating states.
  • the electrochemical energy store Since essentially the electrolyte is responsible for the temperature limit within which an electrochemical energy store can be actuated, depending on the formulation of the electrolyte, the electrochemical energy store can each be operated in specific temperature ranges. As soon as the temperature is outside the limits for the respective electrolyte, the performance of the electrochemical energy store drops significantly and, in addition, harmful side reactions can occur which shorten the life of the electrochemical energy store.
  • the inventive solution in which at least two reservoirs are provided for receiving in each case an electrolyte, it is possible in a simple manner to use the electrolyte as a function of the operating temperature of the electrochemical energy store.
  • the reservoirs each contain an electrolyte
  • the inventively designed electrochemical energy storage can always operate this with the optimal for the current temperature conditions electrolyte mixture. So it is for example possible to operate the electrochemical energy storage within the required by the automotive industry temperature range from -30 0 C to +80 0 C at top speed. Harmful side reactions, which may occur, for example, during operation of the energy store outside the temperatures intended for the electrolyte, are minimized. As a result, the life of the electrochemical energy storage is increased. In addition, safety-critical situations, such as the so-called "thermal runaway" of the battery, which can lead to fire phenomena or explosions, for example, are less likely to occur, meaning that the battery will become more secure due to the temperature-adapted electrolyte composition.
  • the storage containers are each preferably connected to the cell via a pump.
  • the reservoirs are connected in a preferred embodiment via a distribution and closing device to the cells.
  • the distribution and closing device comprises, for example, valves with which the storage containers can be closed with respect to the cell.
  • the distribution and closing device it is also possible for the distribution and closing device to comprise, for example, selective membranes with which the storage containers can be closed relative to the cell.
  • the distribution and closing device preferably comprises selective membranes with which the reservoir can be closed.
  • the membranes are selected so that they each pass only the component contained in the reservoir. In this way, it is also possible that the component can be recycled from the electrolyte back into the reservoir when the ambient conditions so require.
  • Suitable membranes with which the reservoir can be closed are, for example, piezomembranes.
  • the distribution and closing device via which the storage containers are connected to the cell, is preferably connected to a control system.
  • detecting the temperature can be released by means of the control system of the reservoir containing the suitable ambient conditions for the electrolyte or the component of the electrolyte that must be supplied. In this way, you can always realize the right electrolyte or composition in the cell. Accordingly, the electrolyte contained in the cell can be removed by the control system before supplying an electrolyte suitable for the ambient conditions. Alternatively, it is also possible to remove components that are not needed again from the cell.
  • the operating state of the electrochemical energy store is preferably determined by the ambient temperature and the temperature in the cell of the electrochemical energy store.
  • the electrochemical energy store is a lithium-ion accumulator.
  • an electrolyte for use at high temperatures is an electrolyte in which LiBOB (lithium bisoxalatoborat) is dissolved in ethylene carbonate and additionally a fire retardant, for example triethyl phosphate, contains.
  • LiBOB lithium bisoxalatoborat
  • ethylene carbonate is the limiting factor.
  • the ethylene carbonate is necessary in particular for the construction of the protective layer on the electrodes. However, if the protective layer is intact, the ethylene carbonate may be substituted for operation at low temperatures.
  • a solvent that can be used at lower temperatures requires a lower melting and boiling point. Suitable solvents are, for example, methyl formate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methylburyrate, ethyl butyrate and many esters, for example tetrahydrofuran and some of its derivatives.
  • a salt for the electrolyte is suitable at lower temperatures, for example, the currently commonly used LiPF. 6
  • Another, possibly better suitable conducting salt is also LiBF 4 .
  • the electrolyte at low temperatures is, for example, LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 dissolved in methyl formate or diethyl carbonate.
  • the electrolyte may also contain a small proportion of ethylene carbonate.
  • the proportion of ethylene carbonate is preferably in the range from 0 to 30% by volume, in particular in the range from 0 to 10% by volume.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive energy storage in a first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an inventive energy storage in a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an electrochemical energy store designed according to the invention in a first embodiment.
  • An electrochemical energy store 1 comprises a plurality of cells 3.
  • Each cell 3 represents a galvanic unit in which electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction.
  • each cell 3 comprises at least one anode 5 and at least one cathode 7.
  • the anode 5 and the cathode 7 are separated from each other by a separator 9.
  • each cell 3 contains an electrolyte, which is not shown here.
  • the electrolyte is liquid.
  • the electrolyte comprises a solvent having a high electrical constant to dissolve salts and as low a viscosity as possible to facilitate ion transport, and at least one salt which is dissociated in solution in the solvent.
  • the anode 5 is, for example, an anode customary for lithium-ion accumulators, as is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a suitable anode 5 contains, for example, a carbon-based intercalation compound, an alloy of lithium with tin and / or silicon, optionally also in a carbon matrix, metallic lithium or lithium titanate.
  • the cathode is a common for lithium-ion batteries cathode, as is known in the art.
  • Suitable materials for the cathode are, for example, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt nickel oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium iron oxide, lithium manganese dioxide; Lithium manganese oxide and mixed oxides of lithium manganese oxide; Lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium cobalt phosphate and lithium nickel phosphate.
  • the preferred cathode material used is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt nickel oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese phosphate.
  • AIs separator 9 is likewise suitable for any separator known to the person skilled in the art, as used in lithium-ion accumulators.
  • the separator 9 is usually a semi-permeable membrane that is permeable to lithium ions.
  • Suitable materials for the separator are, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene, fluorinated hydrocarbons, ceramic-coated hydrocarbons, fiberglass, cellulose-based materials or mixtures of the aforementioned materials.
  • Preferred materials for the separator are polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • the electrochemical energy store 1 comprises reservoir 11 for accommodating in each case an electrolyte or constituents of an electrolyte.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 1 comprises three reservoirs 11.
  • the reservoirs 11 are provided to receive an electrolyte, at least two reservoirs 11 are required according to the invention, each of which can accommodate a different electrolyte. If the reservoir 11 are provided for receiving only one or more components of the electrolyte, it may be sufficient if only one reservoir 11 is provided.
  • the storage containers 11 are each connected to each cell 3 of the electrochemical energy store 1 via a connection which contains at least one closing element.
  • the closing elements are designed so that the connection to each cell 3 can be closed or released separately with the storage container 11, so that the cells 3 can each be filled or emptied independently of each other.
  • the closing elements and the connections from the storage containers 11 to the individual cells 3 are in the embodiment shown here in a distribution and closing device 13th
  • the reservoir 11 each contain different electrolytes that can be used in different operating conditions of the electrochemical energy storage device 1.
  • the electrolytes are selected as a function of the operating temperature of the electrochemical energy store 1 and the ambient temperature.
  • one of the reservoir 11 contains an electrolyte which can be used at low temperatures and another reservoir 11 contains an electrolyte which can be used at high temperatures.
  • the reservoir 11 contains a component of the electrolyte which is added in order to allow safe operation of the electrochemical energy store 1 at certain temperatures, wherein this component is the Elekt- stabilized in the specified temperature range. If the operating conditions take different values, for example, the temperature rises, it is possible to remove this component again from the electrolyte and returned to the reservoir 11.
  • the distribution and closing device 13 contains a closing element which comprises a selective membrane which is permeable to the component to be fed into the electrolyte or to be removed from the electrolyte and to the other constituents not the electrolyte.
  • the distribution and closing device 13 further contains a pump element with which the electrolyte can be pumped out of the cells 3 into an empty reservoir 11 before another electrolyte is supplied to the cells 3.
  • the limiting factor for the use of the electrolyte at high temperatures is the commonly used conductive salt LiPF 6 .
  • the conducting salt LiPF 6 is replaced by a salt which permits safe operation of the electrochemical energy store 1 even at high temperatures.
  • a suitable conducting salt is, for example, LiBOB (lithium bisoxalatoborate) or LiBF 4 .
  • LiBOB lithium bisoxalatoborate
  • the solvent used is ethylene carbonate. Since this has a high flash point, the use of ethylene carbonate at high temperatures is not a risk.
  • flame retardants which due to their sometimes very high boiling point or Melting point at the temperatures at which electrochemical energy storage 1 are commonly used, can not be used.
  • flame retardants are, for example, hexamethoxycyclophosphazenes, alkyl phosphates, for example trimethyl phosphate, ethylene ethyl phosphate, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether.
  • some of the flame retardants for example, alkyl phosphates, for example ethylene ethyl phosphate, improve a protective layer that forms on the electrodes. This also improves the aging stability of the electrochemical energy store 1.
  • the ethylene carbonate used as solvent is the limiting factor.
  • the ethylene carbonate is necessary in particular for the construction of the protective layer on the electrodes. However, if the protective layer is intact, the ethylene carbonate may be substituted for operation at low temperatures.
  • a solvent that can be used at lower temperatures requires a low melting and boiling point. Suitable solvents are, for example, methyl formate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate and many esters, for example tetrahydrofuran and some of its derivatives.
  • the generally used LiPF 6 is suitable as a salt for the electrolyte.
  • Another, possibly better suitable conducting salt is also LiBF 4 .
  • the electrolyte at low temperatures is, for example, LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 dissolved in methyl formate or diethyl carbonate.
  • the electrolyte may also contain a small proportion of ethylene carbonate.
  • the proportion of ethylene carbonate is preferably in the range from 0 to 30% by volume, in particular in the range from 0 to 10% by volume.
  • the distribution and closing device 13 is preferably connected to a control unit 15.
  • the control unit 15 controls the opening or closing of the connections from the storage container 11 into the individual cells 3.
  • the ambient temperature and the operating temperature of the electrochemical energy store 1 are monitored in the control unit 15, for example.
  • it is selected with which electrolyte the cells 3 are operated. If a wrong electrolyte is contained in the cells, this is first pumped out of the cells 3 in the reservoir 11. Subsequently, the correct electrolyte for the corresponding operating conditions is pumped from a reservoir 11 into the cells 3.
  • the electrolyte is exchanged from the cells 3 successively cell by cell. That is, first of all, the electrolyte is removed from a first cell 3 into a storage container 11 and another electrolyte is supplied from another storage container 11 into the cell 3. Once this process is completed, the electrolyte in a second cell is replaced in the same way. Of course, it is also possible to remove the electrolyte from one cell 3, while another electrolyte is simultaneously fed into another cell 3. Furthermore, it is also possible to exchange the electrolyte in all cells 3 at the same time.
  • FIG. 2 shows an inventively designed electrochemical energy storage device 1 is shown in a second embodiment.
  • the electrochemical energy store 1 shown in FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that the storage containers 11 are not arranged on one side, but on different sides of the electrochemical energy store 1. If an operation of the electrochemical energy store 1 is provided with only two different electrolytes is, two reservoirs 11 are sufficient. It is necessary that each reservoir 11 has a volume which is sufficient to receive the entire electrolyte 17 from the electrochemical energy storage device 1. It is either possible that each cell 3 of the electrochemical energy storage device 1 has its own reservoir 11 for the electrolyte 17 or there are provided for several cells 3 common reservoir 11. In particular, it is preferred if the entire electrochemical energy storage device 1 has only one storage reservoir 11 for each electrolyte, which feeds all the cells 3.
  • the electrolyte 17 is first pumped out of the cells 3 into an empty storage container 11. This takes place via the distribution and closing device 13, with which the storage container 11 can be closed relative to the cells 3.
  • a pump can be accommodated in the distribution and closing device 13 with which the electrolyte 17 can be pumped out of the cells 3 into the storage container 11 or pumped out of the storage containers 11 into the cells 3.
  • the cell 3 is emptied, i. is free of electrolyte is transported from a full reservoir 11, another electrolyte via the distribution and closing device 13 in the cell 3.
  • a flow of current is possible. However, optimum operation is possible only when the anode 5 and the cathode 7 are completely covered by electrolytes 17.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique (1), comprenant au moins une cellule (3) pourvue au moins d'une cathode (7), d'une anode (5) et d'un électrolyte (17) permettant un flux de courant de l'anode (5) vers la cathode (7). L'accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique (1) comprend également au moins deux réservoirs (11) destinés à recevoir un électrolyte chacun ou au moins un réservoir (11) destiné à recevoir au moins un composant d'un électrolyte (17), les réservoirs (11) destinés à recevoir différents électrolytes (17) ou différents composants de l'électrolyte étant prévus pour différents états de fonctionnement. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique (1), procédé selon lequel, en fonction de l'état de fonctionnement, au moins un composant de l'électrolyte (17) est enlevé de la cellule (3), introduit dans la cellule (3) ou substitué.
PCT/EP2008/054229 2007-05-23 2008-04-08 Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de fonctionnement WO2008141865A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007023896.9 2007-05-23
DE102007023896A DE102007023896A1 (de) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008141865A1 true WO2008141865A1 (fr) 2008-11-27

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PCT/EP2008/054229 WO2008141865A1 (fr) 2007-05-23 2008-04-08 Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de fonctionnement

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DE (1) DE102007023896A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008141865A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2230706A1 (fr) * 2009-03-15 2010-09-22 Ogron Bv Procédé de fabrication de batteries au lithium rechargeables dotées de cathodes et d'anodes revêtues thermiquement et de la capacité d'échange d'électrolyte
CN103999263A (zh) * 2011-12-15 2014-08-20 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于锂电池单元的电解液计量装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009047057A1 (de) * 2009-11-24 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung für Elektrolyt-Austausch bei Energiespeichern
DE102010041017A1 (de) 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Anordnung
DE102016222998A1 (de) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Sekundäre elektrochemische Zelle
DE102021204659A1 (de) 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Hochvolt-Batteriesystem

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3529726A1 (de) * 1985-08-20 1987-03-05 Varta Batterie Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines bleiakkumulators mit elektrolytdurchstroemten elektroden
GB2333888A (en) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-04 David Robert Battlebury Electrolyte management system for a lead-acid battery
US6492064B1 (en) * 1998-06-04 2002-12-10 California Institute Of Technology Organic solvents, electrolytes, and lithium ion cells with good low temperature performance
US20060281000A1 (en) * 2005-05-28 2006-12-14 Larry Hayashigawa Battery electrolyte level control system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3529726A1 (de) * 1985-08-20 1987-03-05 Varta Batterie Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines bleiakkumulators mit elektrolytdurchstroemten elektroden
GB2333888A (en) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-04 David Robert Battlebury Electrolyte management system for a lead-acid battery
US6492064B1 (en) * 1998-06-04 2002-12-10 California Institute Of Technology Organic solvents, electrolytes, and lithium ion cells with good low temperature performance
US20060281000A1 (en) * 2005-05-28 2006-12-14 Larry Hayashigawa Battery electrolyte level control system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2230706A1 (fr) * 2009-03-15 2010-09-22 Ogron Bv Procédé de fabrication de batteries au lithium rechargeables dotées de cathodes et d'anodes revêtues thermiquement et de la capacité d'échange d'électrolyte
CN103999263A (zh) * 2011-12-15 2014-08-20 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于锂电池单元的电解液计量装置
US10374212B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2019-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrolyte fluid metering device for lithium cells

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