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WO2008031613A2 - Production d'électricité dans la plage de charge de base avec de l'énergie géothermique - Google Patents

Production d'électricité dans la plage de charge de base avec de l'énergie géothermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008031613A2
WO2008031613A2 PCT/EP2007/008030 EP2007008030W WO2008031613A2 WO 2008031613 A2 WO2008031613 A2 WO 2008031613A2 EP 2007008030 W EP2007008030 W EP 2007008030W WO 2008031613 A2 WO2008031613 A2 WO 2008031613A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cycle
medium
heat transfer
ammonia
generating device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/008030
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008031613A3 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Schuhknecht
Original Assignee
Matthias Schuhknecht
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matthias Schuhknecht filed Critical Matthias Schuhknecht
Publication of WO2008031613A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008031613A2/fr
Publication of WO2008031613A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008031613A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/106—Ammonia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for converting geothermal energy into electricity through a thermodynamic cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycles The power generation by thermodynamic cycles is known per se in the art. As a theoretical comparison process of such
  • Circular processes serve the Clausius Rankine process.
  • a cycle medium is usually raised by supplying heat energy and / or by increasing the pressure to a higher energy level, wherein the cycle medium from this increased energy level performs work on a power generating device, such as a turbine assembly. After performing work on the power generating device, the cycle medium is again at the energy level at which there is a supply of heat energy and / or an increase in pressure.
  • a phase transition takes place on the cycle medium during the cycle, i.
  • the cycle medium is expanded from a state as (superheated) steam through a turbine assembly, condensed after final passage through the turbine assembly, brought to a high pressure level in the liquid state by a pump, and finally restored to superheated state by the application of heat energy. Steam transferred.
  • Brine inlet temperatures or also referred to as brine inlet temperature
  • brine inlet temperature represents a maximum temperature of the usable heat transfer medium. It forms an upper temperature limit beyond which the cycle medium is not heated can.
  • a heat transfer medium which absorbs underground heat underground and is brought to light, is generally available at not more than 300 ° C. In some areas, such a heat transfer medium is often available only at temperatures around 90 ° C. Particularly in the case of the latter, overheating of the cycle medium in the vapor phase, which is desired for reasons of efficiency, can scarcely be achieved with conventional cycle media.
  • ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
  • Kalina process is known in which a mixture of ammonia and water is used as a cycle process medium.
  • the present object is achieved by a method for converting geothermal energy into electricity by a thermodynamic cycle, with a heat transfer medium to which geothermal energy is transmitted and which subsequently transfers thermal energy to a separate from the heat transfer medium cycle medium , which performs work in the course of the cycle on a power generating device, wherein in Substantially pure ammonia is used as a cycle process medium.
  • a heat transfer medium which may be, for example, water or supercritical CO 2
  • underground heat is absorbed underground and the heated heat transfer medium is brought to light, where it transfers thermal energy to the separate from the heat transfer medium cycle process medium in a heat transfer device. It has been shown that substantially pure ammonia as a cycle medium permits a high useful energy output in the form of electric current in the energies available in geothermal power plants.
  • substantially pure ammonia it should not be ruled out that traces of other substances are contained in the ammonia as the cycle process medium, but it should be excluded that this is a substance mixture in the sense of the Kalina process.
  • the cycle process medium performs work, it is meant that when the power generation device is driven by the cycle medium, it is deprived of energy and, depending on the degree of efficiency, converted into electrical energy.
  • Ammonia as a cycle medium is particularly suitable if the maximum achievable temperature of the cycle medium due to the available geothermal energy not less than 90 0 C and 160 ° C does not exceed. In this temperature range, ammonia can already be passed through turbine stages, at least as wet steam (near the lower limit of approx. 90 ° C), converting enthalpy into electrical energy.
  • an intermediate overheating is advantageously carried out, so that the ammonia, as a cycle medium, is passed through a first power generation device as superheated steam, is reheated after this passage, and subsequently swept is passed as a superheated steam through one of the first separate second power generating device.
  • the ammonia is depressurized during the first passage through the first power generation device to the saturated steam state, so that no ammonia droplets still occur in the first power generation device.
  • the ammonia is heated by the reheat and is again available as superheated steam before the second pass. Due to the material properties of ammonia reheatening can in turn be done with a heat transfer device through the heat transfer medium, which transmits only the underground geothermal heat absorbed to the ammonia.
  • the ammonia can be condensed as a cycle medium at a condensation temperature of 20 ° to 35 ° C.
  • a condensation temperature of about 30 ° C. has proven particularly advantageous.
  • the ammonia can be cooled and condensed by ambient air using conventional equipment, such as hybrid cooling towers.
  • the power generation device is advantageously a turbine arrangement in which a turbine shaft with turbine blades is accommodated in a turbine housing.
  • the turbine blades are non-rotatable with the turbine shaft for rotation about Turbine shaft axis connected.
  • the turbine shaft To operate a generator, the turbine shaft must be led out of the turbine housing.
  • the enforcement point can be structurally provided with a labyrinth seal, which nitrogen is supplied at a higher pressure than this prevails in the turbine housing at the point of enforcement.
  • the object of the present invention mentioned above is also achieved by a device for converting geothermal energy into electricity by a thermodynamic cycle, with a heat transfer medium, which absorbs heat of the earth, with a heat transfer device, in which energy a separate from the heat transfer medium cycle medium is performed, which performs work in the course of the cycle to a power generating device, wherein the cycle medium is substantially pure ammonia.
  • a device for converting geothermal energy into electricity by a thermodynamic cycle with a heat transfer medium, which absorbs heat of the earth, with a heat transfer device, in which energy a separate from the heat transfer medium cycle medium is performed, which performs work in the course of the cycle to a power generating device, wherein the cycle medium is substantially pure ammonia.
  • the object underlying the present invention is also achieved by a method for converting geothermal energy into electricity by a thermodynamic cycle, with a heat transfer medium to which geothermal energy is transmitted and which subsequently thermal energy to a further aspect of the present invention from the heat transfer medium separate circulating medium transfers, which performs work in the course of the cycle on a Stromerzeu- generating device, wherein essentially pure water is used as a cycle process medium.
  • Water as a cycle process medium is known from power plants operating on the basis of fossil or nuclear fuels, but not as a cycle medium in geothermal plants, in which even the highest recoverable temperatures of the cycle medium about 270 K to 300 K below those of power plants with fossil or nuclear fuels.
  • substantially pure water is not intended to exclude traces of other substances in the water as the cycle process medium, but a mixture, ie a two-substance system, as is known from the Kalina process, should be excluded.
  • Water as a cycle process medium is particularly well suited if the maximum temperature of the cycle medium during the cycle does not exceed about 300 ° and does not fall below about 160 ° C. In this temperature range, water can be transferred as a cycle process medium at least in a wet steam phase (near the lower limit of about 160 ° C) or even in the state of slightly superheated steam (near the upper limit of about 305 ° C).
  • the water can be condensed as a cycle process medium with conventional equipment, such as by hybrid cooling towers, at a condensation temperature of 20 ° C to 35 ° C, more preferably of about 33 ° C.
  • the water can be condensed at an absolute condensation pressure of 50 mbar at a temperature of 32.88 ° C.
  • the total efficiency of a geothermal power plant regardless of whether it works in the low temperature range with ammonia as Kreisrindmedium or in the above-mentioned higher temperature range with water as the cycle process medium, can be further advantageously increased by at least part of the cycle medium for heat generation, in particular for district heating extraction, before the end of the working process for power generation is taken from this and condensed.
  • the heat received from the cycle process medium can be supplied as useful heat to buildings to heat them.
  • Such removal of the cycle medium may occur, for example, after passing through a first power generating device when more than one power generating device is used.
  • the object underlying the present invention is also achieved by a device for converting geothermal energy into electricity by a thermodynamic cycle, with a heat transfer medium, which absorbs geothermal heat, with a heat transfer device, in which energy to a heat transfer medium a separate cycle process medium is performed, which performs work in the course of the cycle on a power generating device, wherein the cycle medium is essentially pure water.
  • 1 is a log (p) -h diagram of a thermodynamic cycle of a power generation process in a geothermal power plant with ammonia as a cycle process medium
  • 2 is a TS diagram of a thermodynamic cycle process for generating electricity in a geothermal power plant with water as a cycle process medium
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic example of a geothermal power plant, which performs the cyclic process according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative geothermal power plant, which performs the cyclic process of FIG.
  • a cyclic process with ammonia is plotted as a cycle medium in a graph in which the logarithm of the absolute pressure of the cycle medium is plotted against its enthalpy.
  • a curve 10 bounds the two-phase region 12 of ammonia, in which ammonia is liquid to some and gaseous to another part.
  • the ammonia is completely liquid, in the region 16 of higher enthalpy than the two-phase region 12, the ammonia is completely gaseous.
  • the critical point K of ammonia is 113.5 bar absolute pressure and a temperature of 132.35 ° C.
  • Fig. 1 The consideration of the cycle of Fig. 1 begins at a point 18 at an absolute pressure p of 11, 67 bar and a temperature T equal to 30 ° C on the boundary line 10 between the two-phase region 12 and the liquid phase region 14.
  • p absolute pressure
  • T temperature
  • the ammonia is first heated to the point 22 at the boundary between the liquid phase region 14 and the two-phase region 12, further evaporated to the boundary between the two-phase region 12 and the vapor phase region 16 (point 24), and from there to the vapor phase overheated to point 26.
  • the cyclic process with ammonia as the cycle medium shown in Fig. 1 is preferably used in a temperature range in which the temperatures of the ammonia at the points 26 and 32, i. the maximum temperatures do not exceed 165 ° C and do not fall below 90 ° C. At maximum ammonia temperatures of 90 ° C to 110 ° C, the cycle continues without reheating.
  • FIG. 2 an alternative cycle of a geothermal power plant is set forth in a temperature entropy diagram. Corresponding points are marked with corresponding numbers as in FIG. 1, but increased by the number 100.
  • line 110 is the boundary line between single-phase regions and two-phase region 112 of water.
  • the liquid phase region is denoted by 114, the vapor phase region by 116.
  • the critical point K is at an absolute pressure of 220.55 bar and a temperature of 373.98 ° C.
  • the consideration of the cycle of Fig. 2 at the boundary between the Liquid phase region 114 and the two-phase region 112 started at point 118.
  • the water is compressed by a pump to the point 120. From there, the water is heated in three steps to point 122 on the boundary between the liquid phase region 114 and the two-phase region 112, then vaporized to saturated steam at point 124 and finally overheated to point 126.
  • the relaxation point in the two-phase region 112 is denoted by 137. From this point, the water is condensed to the point 118 where all the water in the cycle is condensed.
  • the vapor content at point 137 is about 85%.
  • the cycle with water as a cycle medium shown in FIG. 2 is recommended for geothermal power plants where the temperature at point 126 is not greater than 305 ° C but greater than 160 ° C. In this temperature range, better efficiencies can be achieved with water as a cycle process medium than with ammonia.
  • Fig. 3 a geothermal power plant for power generation is shown schematically. In the following, only the essential components of the system of Fig. 3 will be explained.
  • a heat transfer medium such as water or supercritical CO 2
  • the heat transfer medium has absorbed geothermal energy.
  • the temperature of the soil earth per 100 m hole depth increases by about 3 K.
  • the heat transfer medium is fed via the line 46 to an overheat heat exchanger 48. Also, heat transfer medium is supplied via the line 50 from the distributor 44 to an intermediate superheat heat exchanger 52.
  • an evaporator heat exchanger 56 is supplied.
  • the heat transfer medium draining out of the evaporator heat exchanger 56 again at a lower temperature than in the line 54 via the line 58, becomes a heat exchanger 60 supplied.
  • the heat transfer medium is returned via the line 62 back into the soil, where it receives again geothermal.
  • the lines 42, 46, 50, 54, 58 and 62 thus form a heat transfer medium circuit.
  • ammonia is preheated as circular process media of a separate ammonia cycle from point 20 to point 22 of FIG.
  • the preheated liquid ammonia is collected in a boiler drum 64. From there, the ammonia is fed via line 66 and a blowdown 68 to the evaporative heat exchanger 56 and vaporized therethrough to point 24 of FIG.
  • the ammonia vapor is also collected as a vapor phase in the boiler drum 64 and fed via line 67 to the superheat heat exchanger 48. There, the ammonia vapor is overheated to point 26 of FIG. 1 and fed via line 68 to high-pressure turbine stage 70. From there, the ammonia present at the end of the high-pressure turbine stage 70 at point 30 of FIG.
  • first condenser 72 may either be condensed by a first condenser 72 or / and may be supplied via a line 74 to the reheat heat exchanger 52 where the saturated steam 1 is overheated to point 32 of FIG. 1 and supplied via line 76 to a low pressure turbine stage 78.
  • the ammonia is present as cool saturated steam at point 36 of FIG. 1, the pressure and the temperature of the ammonia being determined by the second condenser or main condenser 80.
  • the ammonia is condensed to the point 18 of Fig. 1 and then raised in the liquid phase via a pump assembly 82, which communicates via line 84 with the condenser 80, to the point 20 of Fig. 1 with elevated pressure level and from the pump assembly 82 is introduced via line 86 into the preheat heat exchanger 60.
  • a geothermal power plant is shown schematically, which executes the cycle shown in Fig. 2 with water as a cycle process medium.
  • the same components as in Fig. 3 are provided with the same reference numerals, but increased by the number 100.
  • Fig. 4 will be described only insofar as it differs from Fig. 3. Otherwise, reference is expressly made to the description of FIG. 3.
  • the plant of Fig. 4 differs from the plant of FIG. 3 only in that only a single turbine stage 170 drives the generator. Accordingly, no reheating heat exchanger is required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de conversion d'énergie géothermique en électricité par un cycle fermé comprenant un fluide caloporteur auquel est transmise de l'énergie géothermique et qui transmet ensuite (en 48, 32, 56, 60) de l'énergie thermique à un fluide de cycle fermé séparé du fluide caloporteur puis exécute un travail sur un dispositif (70, 78) générateur de courant au cours du cycle fermé. Selon l'invention, le fluide utilisé pour le cycle fermé est sensiblement de l'ammoniac pur.
PCT/EP2007/008030 2006-09-15 2007-09-14 Production d'électricité dans la plage de charge de base avec de l'énergie géothermique WO2008031613A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610043409 DE102006043409A1 (de) 2006-09-15 2006-09-15 Stromerzeugung im Grundlastbereich mit geothermischer Energie
DE102006043409.9 2006-09-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008031613A2 true WO2008031613A2 (fr) 2008-03-20
WO2008031613A3 WO2008031613A3 (fr) 2011-09-29

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DE (1) DE102006043409A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008031613A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBS20090153A1 (it) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-13 Turboden Srl Metodo e sistema di pressurizzazione localizzata per circuiti di olio diatermico

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3366894B1 (fr) * 2017-02-24 2022-04-20 AgroNorm Vertriebs GmbH Dispositif de convertissement de l'énergie thermique
DE102019129308A1 (de) * 2019-10-30 2021-05-06 Technische Universität Dresden Erdsondensystem

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986362A (en) * 1975-06-13 1976-10-19 Petru Baciu Geothermal power plant with intermediate superheating and simultaneous generation of thermal and electrical energy
DE3836061A1 (de) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-29 Linde Ag Verfahren zum verdampfen von fluessigem erdgas
US5163821A (en) * 1991-04-02 1992-11-17 Worldwater, Inc. Solar thermal powered water pump
US6751959B1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-22 Tennessee Valley Authority Simple and compact low-temperature power cycle
US7089740B1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-15 Yi-Lung Phyllis Hsu Method of generating power from naturally occurring heat without fuels and motors using the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBS20090153A1 (it) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-13 Turboden Srl Metodo e sistema di pressurizzazione localizzata per circuiti di olio diatermico
WO2011018814A3 (fr) * 2009-08-12 2011-05-12 Turboden S.R.L. Procédé et système de mise sous pression localisée pour un circuit d'huile diathermique

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WO2008031613A3 (fr) 2011-09-29
DE102006043409A1 (de) 2008-04-03

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