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WO2008028991A1 - Agencement et procédé permettant de surveiller la condition d'un lit d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé - Google Patents

Agencement et procédé permettant de surveiller la condition d'un lit d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008028991A1
WO2008028991A1 PCT/FI2007/000205 FI2007000205W WO2008028991A1 WO 2008028991 A1 WO2008028991 A1 WO 2008028991A1 FI 2007000205 W FI2007000205 W FI 2007000205W WO 2008028991 A1 WO2008028991 A1 WO 2008028991A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bed
reactor
fluidized bed
monitoring
condition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2007/000205
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kari Aura
Original Assignee
Andritz Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz Oy filed Critical Andritz Oy
Publication of WO2008028991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008028991A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1809—Controlling processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00681—Agglomeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
    • B01J2208/0069—Attrition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
    • B01J2219/002—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system inside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
    • B01J2219/00218—Dynamically variable (in-line) parameter values
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
    • B01J2219/00225—Control algorithm taking actions stopping the system or generating an alarm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/024—Mixtures
    • G01N2291/02416—Solids in liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a measuring arrangement based on acoustic emission for monitoring the condition of a bed of a fluidized bed reactor, especially a fluidized bed boiler, which arrangement allows for real-time detection of changes taking place in the fluidized bed condition, especially in the coarse material content thereof.
  • Fluidized bed reactors are widely used for different purposes, such as combustion, gasifying, chemical and metallurgic processes. Fluidizing refers to a condition, where a fine solid material is made to fluidize by means of gas or liquid. Depending on the process, various solid bed materials are made to fluidize and/or circulate in systems. In combustion processes of the fluidized bed boilers, the bed material is typically sand or corresponding ma- terial. In a fluidized bed boiler, the fluidizing is effected by blowing air through a solid bed material resting on an air distribution grid.
  • the fluidizing layer may include particulate fuel such as charcoal, coke, wood, waste or peat, and other particulate materials such as sand, ash, sulfur absorbent, catalyst or metal oxides.
  • WO publication 2005/038420 discloses a method, in which the coarse material content of the fluidized bed is monitored by determining the temperatures in the upper and lower part of the bed and by controlling the change of temperature difference between these. An increase in the temperature difference is an indication of increasing portion of coarse material. Simultaneously it is advantageous to take samples of the bed for determining the coarse material, especially when the temperature difference reveals that the coarse material content exceeds a certain value.
  • agglomerates are detected in a reaction vessel, such as an olefin polymerization fluidized bed reactor, by providing a detecting rod, the strain/bend of which is measured when the agglomerates collide with it. The rod is inserted at an angle of 20-70 degrees in relation to the flow of gas and particles.
  • Publication WO 00/43118 discloses a method, in which the condition of a fluidized bed is monitored by determining pressure over the fluidized bed segment at various levels in the vertical direction.
  • a drawback of the above-mentioned methods may be inaccuracy, due to e.g. material attaching to the detecting sensor, which hampers the measuring of the proper variable.
  • US 5022266 presents a method, which allows monitoring e.g. the uniformity/non- uniformity of the flow distribution in the fluidized bed.
  • detectors typically an acceleration transducer or a pressure sensor
  • the wall vibration is measured and the power spectrum is determined as a function of frequency.
  • the measurements are carried out at multiple points at the circumference of the vessel and additionally, at all these points, a power spectrum area containing a resonance peak for each measuring point is determined. Later a new measurement is carried out and the results are compared to the earlier one.
  • the basic measurement is carried out right after the start-up of the process, when it is known that the flow distribution in the bed is uniform. This measurement is indirect and periodic, and does not thus provide continuous information.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement for continuous monitoring of the condition of a fluidized bed reactor, such as a fluidized bed boiler, with increased reliability.
  • a specific object is to determine and monitor the coarse material content in the fluidized bed.
  • a characteristic feature of the arrangement according to the present invention is that it comprises at least
  • a sensor for measuring the acoustic emission caused by the particles in the fluidized bed comprising a rod-like wave guide, one end of which is located at a distance inside the reactor and the other end, external to the reactor, is provided with a piezoelectric sensor part for converting the received emission into an electric analogic signal, whereby the wave guide part inside the reactor comprises an uninsulated portion for receiving emission and an insulated portion; and means for processing the received signal in order to determine a frequency spectrum and/or envelope within a certain frequency range for monitoring the changes taking place in the fluidized bed.
  • a frequency spectrum and/or envelope is determined from the digital signal in real time within a certain frequency range appropriate for the application in question and the frequency spectrum/envelope is compared to the corresponding frequency spectrum/envelope of the normal condition of the bed for detecting changes in the bed's condition.
  • the invention also relates to a fluidized bed reactor utilizing and applying the arrangement and method according to the invention.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the condition of the fluidized bed is monitored by inserting through the wall of the reaction vessel a detector rod (wave guide) protruding to the bed, which rod receives acoustic emission, i.e. high frequency vibration wave caused by the collision of particles onto the head of the detector rod located inside the reactor.
  • the rod conducts the vibration waves into a piezoelectric sensor part connected to the rod and located outside the reactor vessel, which sensor part measures a selected frequency and converts the high frequency energy applied to the rod directly to an electric signal.
  • the electric signal is conducted via an analogic filter and an amplifier to an A/D converter, which gives a digital signal that is filtered and conducted into data processing.
  • the filtered signal is used for calculating a real-time continuous Fourier transformation (FFT) i.e. frequency spectrum, which shows instantaneous, rapid changes and which can be used as a criterion in determining an instantaneous condition.
  • FFT real-time continuous Fourier transformation
  • An averaged envelope is calculated from a longer period, which allows monitoring the natural change of the bed, its pulverization or its agglomeration.
  • the frequency spectra of three fluidized beds with different coarsenesses were determined in preliminary tests. The spectra showed clear differences especially within a certain frequency band. The spectrum of the coarsest bed had the most powerful peaks, while the spectrum of the finest bed was more even.
  • the bed monitoring method according to the invention reacts consistently to parameters revealing the state of the bed, which are fluidization velocity (the energy level of the collision of the particles), the density of the suspension (collision/unit of time, a second) the coarseness of the fluidized matter (the energy of the collisions).
  • the mentioned parameters are also indirectly influenced by e.g. the location, length and shape of the detecting rod as well as the hardness, grain form and surface structure of the fluidized material.
  • the arrangement according to the invention preferably comprises the following elements:
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred construction of the wave guide rod
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a typical frequency spectrum (intensity/frequency) of the fluidized bed and the respective envelopes
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the envelopes of a coarse and a fine fluidized bed.
  • the construction of the wave guide is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • An elongated rod-like wave guide 2 having a length L1 is mounted through a wall 4 of a reactor, such as a fluidized bed boiler, to protrude into the bed in the boiler.
  • the rod material has to be heat and wear resistant.
  • Part of the wave guide rod in the reactor is provided with insulation 3 for preventing the generation of acoustic emission at that point of the rod.
  • the length L2 of the uninsulated part which affects the "sampling distance", i.e. the length of the rod onto which particles may collide, is optimized for each object of measurement (each bed).
  • the width and length of the uninsulated part determine the sampling sur- face area, i.e. the number of collisions within a time interval per m 2 .
  • the dimensions of the rod determine the specificity of the measurement.
  • the shape of the rod affects the flow resistance and the collision angle of particles.
  • the shape of the wave guide rod must not be such that it would locally resist the flow to an adverse extent and thus disturb the operation of the bed. Excess resistance also increases the sticking of the bed material onto the rod. On the whole, the sticking of any excess material onto the wave guide rod should be prevented as effectively as possible, because excess material will passivate the wave guide, the sur- face area of the measurement zone thereon will change and finally the wave guide will loose its measuring capability, if it becomes totally coated.
  • the shape of the wave guide also affects the collision angle between the guide and a particle.
  • the shape is such that the collision angle of a particle in respect of the surface of the wave guide rod should be over 0 degrees, preferably 45-90 degrees, most preferably close to 90 degrees, i.e. about 90 degrees, because an upright collision to the wave guide generates the best energy level for the signal.
  • the location of the wave guide in relation to the flow of the bed viewed in 3-dimensional perspective should also be such that the collision angle of a particle is preferably 45-90 degrees, most preferably about 90 degrees. An angle of 90 degrees in respect of the flow provides a "pure collision".
  • the length L3 of the insulated part is determined on the basis of e.g. the location of the measuring point in the bed, i.e. how deep into the reactor the rod must protrude in order to reach the desired measuring point (the location and length of the uninsulated part).
  • the wave guide rod must be insulated from the reactor body so that the measurement will not be subjected to disturbances therefrom.
  • the rod is protected by means of a bushing 5 as well as vibration isolation 6, which eliminates the disturbance caused by the reactor body's vibrations to the monitoring of the bed. Also, sufficient support and resistance against the pressure difference between the interior of the reactor and the surroundings have been taken into account in the lead-in. A rod thus inserted is also easy to check and replace if needed.
  • the piezoelectric sensor 7 is not mounted inside the reactor and preferably not attached directly onto the reactor wall, but at a distance therefrom. This allows mounting this sen- sor outside the thermal insulation, facilitates maintenance and calibration operations and prevents the sensor from overheating.
  • an analog filter high-pass, low-pass and band-pass are usually made when necessary. In such a filter, a frequency range with the best correlation is selected according to the application in question, and any interfering frequencies are filtered out. After the filtering, the signal is led via an analog amplifier and it is amplified with the intensity required by the application. After that, the signal is converted to digital in an A/D converter, whereby the treatment thereof is facilitated.
  • the converted signal is filtered digitally utilizing an optimal method selected for the appli- cation in such a way that one or several selected frequency bands can be emphasized and the result is a system for optimal monitoring of the coarseness of the bed.
  • the frequency range is selected such that it best highlights the changes taking place in the fluid- ized bed of the process in question.
  • An optimal frequency range may be determined by means of preliminary tests for each process, i.e. a range in which the changes in the proc- ess, especially the changes in the coarseness of the bed, are most clearly seen.
  • detector-measurement wave guide rods are inserted in a fluidized bed reactor at locations, which are optimal in view of the process. This way, the condition of the bed can be monitored in elevational and latitudinal directions at various points of the bed.
  • the location of the wave guide is chosen such that it is in an optimal range in view of the flows as described above, whereby the risk of sticking is minimized.
  • Data received from the sensors of each measuring point is led as a filtered digital signal.
  • the treated signal is printed to an interface according to the selected manner, e.g. as a continuous frequency spectrum display, a long-time envelope, or only by printing the ex- ceedings of predetermined action limits.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a typical frequency spectrum and a corresponding envelope for three fluidized beds having a known coarseness.
  • the coarsest bed has the strongest spectrum and envelope.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the envelopes of a coarse and a fine bed, when the measurements have been made at two levels in the bed.
  • the intensity of a coarse bed's frequency is higher than that of a fine bed.
  • the intensities show a significant, substantial difference.
  • the intensity of the finer bed is on average half of that of the coarse bed.
  • an increase in the intensity of the finer bed is an indication of an increase in the particle size, i.e. an increase in coarseness.
  • the intensity exceeds a certain threshold value determined for each application, the conditions in the fluidized bed are changed. For each application, for continuous monitoring of the bed, a frequency range with the highest intensity and greatest difference is most suitably selected.
  • the frequency spectrum and envelopes are the main tools for analyzing the bed's coarseness.
  • An envelope determined within a suitably long period of time shows reliably and clearly the change in the coarseness of the bed.
  • AE acoustic emission

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un agencement permettant de surveiller la condition d'un lit d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé, où le contenu de matières grossières dans le matériau du lit fait l'objet d'un contrôle spécifique. L'agencement comprend au moins un capteur permettant de mesurer une émission acoustique causée par des particules dans le lit fluidisé. Le capteur comprend un guide d'ondes en forme de tige - une extrémité duquel est à l'intérieur du réacteur, l'autre extrémité étant à l'extérieur du réacteur - qui est muni d'une partie de capteur piézoélectrique permettant de convertir l'émission reçue en un signal analogique électrique, où la partie du guide d'ondes se trouvant à l'intérieur du réacteur comprend une partie non isolée permettant de recevoir l'émission, et une partie isolée. L'agencement comprend en outre un moyen permettant de traiter le signal reçu afin de déterminer le spectre des fréquences et/ou la courbe d'enveloppe à l'intérieur d'une certaine plage de fréquence afin de surveiller les changements ayant lieu dans le lit fluidisé.
PCT/FI2007/000205 2006-08-21 2007-08-20 Agencement et procédé permettant de surveiller la condition d'un lit d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé WO2008028991A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20060745 2006-08-21
FI20060745A FI121557B (fi) 2006-08-21 2006-08-21 Järjestely ja menetelmä leijupetireaktorin pedin tilan valvontaan ja leijupetireaktori

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WO2008028991A1 true WO2008028991A1 (fr) 2008-03-13

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100276269A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2010-11-04 Franz-Josef Schuecker Leveling apparatus for and method of filling an oven chamber of a coke-oven battery
WO2013005138A3 (fr) * 2011-07-07 2013-07-18 Gea Pharma Systems Limited Procédé et système de régulation de paramètres de fonctionnement dans un système de traitement de produit pharmaceutique
CN104296370A (zh) * 2014-10-22 2015-01-21 张土山 一种单层式热水锅炉
JP2017194414A (ja) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 大豊工業株式会社 検出装置、軸受試験装置および車両
US10012616B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2018-07-03 Andritz Inc. Acoustic emission system and method for predicting explosions in dissolving tank
CN111693411A (zh) * 2020-07-24 2020-09-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种移动床径向反应器状态检测及故障诊断的方法及装置
CN112284985A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-29 浙江大学 一种气固体系内颗粒参数的声发射测量方法
CN112924555A (zh) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种使用声发射检测移动床径向反应器状态和故障诊断的方法及装置
CN115703054A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2023-02-17 中国石油化工股份有限公司 反应器内部声波传导装置及应用该装置的反应器

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US5681986A (en) * 1996-05-07 1997-10-28 Auburn International, Inc. Acoustic sensing
US20020189358A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2002-12-19 Novozymes A/S Method of analyzing granular composition by acoustic emission
US20070060721A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Muhle Michael E Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness

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US4024768A (en) * 1975-08-15 1977-05-24 Marcel Francis Leach Determination of particle sizes
JPH07246326A (ja) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-26 Hosokawa Micron Corp 流動層利用の造粒制御方法及びその装置
US5681986A (en) * 1996-05-07 1997-10-28 Auburn International, Inc. Acoustic sensing
US20020189358A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2002-12-19 Novozymes A/S Method of analyzing granular composition by acoustic emission
US20070060721A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Muhle Michael E Method for operating a gas-phase reactor at or near maximum production rates while controlling polymer stickiness

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Title
TSUJIMOTO H ET AL: "MONITORING PARTICLE FLUIDIZATION IN A FLUIDIZED BED GRANULATOR WITHAN ACOUSTIC EMISSION SENSOR", POWDER TECHNOLOGY, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 113, 2000, pages 88 - 96, XP001005927, ISSN: 0032-5910 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100276269A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2010-11-04 Franz-Josef Schuecker Leveling apparatus for and method of filling an oven chamber of a coke-oven battery
US8568568B2 (en) * 2007-11-28 2013-10-29 Uhde Gmbh Leveling apparatus for and method of filling an oven chamber of a coke-oven battery
WO2013005138A3 (fr) * 2011-07-07 2013-07-18 Gea Pharma Systems Limited Procédé et système de régulation de paramètres de fonctionnement dans un système de traitement de produit pharmaceutique
CN104296370A (zh) * 2014-10-22 2015-01-21 张土山 一种单层式热水锅炉
US10012616B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2018-07-03 Andritz Inc. Acoustic emission system and method for predicting explosions in dissolving tank
JP2017194414A (ja) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 大豊工業株式会社 検出装置、軸受試験装置および車両
CN111693411A (zh) * 2020-07-24 2020-09-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种移动床径向反应器状态检测及故障诊断的方法及装置
CN112284985A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-29 浙江大学 一种气固体系内颗粒参数的声发射测量方法
CN112924555A (zh) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种使用声发射检测移动床径向反应器状态和故障诊断的方法及装置
CN115703054A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2023-02-17 中国石油化工股份有限公司 反应器内部声波传导装置及应用该装置的反应器
CN115703054B (zh) * 2021-08-06 2023-09-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 反应器内部声波传导装置及应用该装置的反应器

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FI121557B (fi) 2010-12-31
FI20060745A0 (fi) 2006-08-21

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