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WO2008000001A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le conditionnement d'un gaz à teneur en o2 - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le conditionnement d'un gaz à teneur en o2 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008000001A1
WO2008000001A1 PCT/AT2007/000149 AT2007000149W WO2008000001A1 WO 2008000001 A1 WO2008000001 A1 WO 2008000001A1 AT 2007000149 W AT2007000149 W AT 2007000149W WO 2008000001 A1 WO2008000001 A1 WO 2008000001A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cathode
heat exchanger
line
flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2007/000149
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Peinecke
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avl List Gmbh filed Critical Avl List Gmbh
Publication of WO2008000001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008000001A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and apparatus for conditioning an O 2 -containing gas, preferably air, for operating a low-temperature fuel cell, preferably a PEM fuel cell, having a cathode-side supply line receiving the O 2 -containing gas and discharging the cathode exhaust gas
  • the cathode-side discharge line wherein the cathode-side supply line is divided by a control valve into a first and a second branch line and one of the branch lines is guided by a humidifying device acted upon by cathode exhaust gas.
  • Low-temperature fuel cells of the type described above can also be combined to form so-called fuel cell stacks, with all the following statements being valid both for devices with single cells and those with fuel cell stacks.
  • O 2 -containing gases for example air
  • this conditioning is carried out by moistening the air, usually after their compression, wherein for wetting preferably the water contained in the cathode exhaust gas can be used.
  • the cathode exhaust gas of low-temperature fuel cells consists essentially of N 2 , O 2 and H 2 O, wherein the water is contained depending on the operating state of the fuel cell vapor and / or liquid in the cathode exhaust gas.
  • a method for humidifying process gas for the operation of a fuel cell using only product water in which the O 2 -containing gas for the cathode through the water vapor-containing cathode exhaust via a first humidifier and the H 2 -containing fuel gas for the anode is humidified by the water vapor-containing anode exhaust gas via a second moistening device.
  • the cathode-side supply line and the cathode-side discharge line is guided via a first countercurrent heat exchanger, which has a humidifying device in the form of a condensate trap with Venturi nozzle for feeding the condensate.
  • a second, similar heat exchanger / moistening device is available for the anode-side supply line and the anode-side discharge line.
  • US Pat. No. 6,656,620 B2 discloses a humidification system for a fuel cell, in which the cathode exhaust gas is passed through a humidifier, which has a large number of lamellar water-permeable inside. Siger membranes, wherein in each case one side of the membrane facing the cathode exhaust gas and the other side of the membrane of the supplied air.
  • the cathode-side supply line for the air has a first branch which bypasses the humidifier, and a second branch which is guided through the humidifier.
  • In the bypass line is a control valve, with which the partial flows in the two branch lines can be regulated in terms of volume, so that the content of moisture in the recombined branch lines can be controlled in wide areas depending on the operating parameters of the fuel cell.
  • a disadvantage of the known solution is the fact that changes the required heat of vaporization, the temperature of the guided through the humidifier gas flow and the two parameters humidity and temperature are not independently adjustable.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method and a device for conditioning an O 2 -containing gas, preferably air, for the operation of a low-temperature fuel cell or a fuel cell stack, in which at least the parameters humidity of the air (relative humidity or absolute humidity ) and inlet temperature of the air in the stack or the fuel cell can be controlled as independently as possible. Furthermore, a dynamic operation should be possible, ie the parameter changes must be able to be carried out very quickly with high accuracy. According to a variant of the invention, the mass flow and the pressure of the O 2 -containing gas should also be regulated.
  • the inventive device additionally comprises a controllable heat exchanger, over which both the first and the second branch line are guided, wherein the thermostating of the air (Heating or cooling) is performed with the cooling medium of the low-temperature fuel cell.
  • the method according to the invention accordingly provides the following steps:
  • Humidifying one of the two partial streams Humidifying one of the two partial streams; - Tempering of both partial streams by cooling or heating in a controllable heat exchanger to the substantially same temperature; such as
  • the coolant circuit of the fuel cell has a valve-controlled bypass path which bypasses the heat exchanger and with which the proportion of the coolant passing through the heat exchanger can be regulated.
  • the heat flow or enthalpy flow which can be introduced into the heat exchanger can be regulated, via which the outlet temperature of the O 2 -containing gas flow (and thus its cathode-side inlet temperature into the fuel cell) can be regulated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a variant embodiment of a fuel cell with a combined humidifier / heat exchanger unit for the conditioning of the O 2 -containing operating gas of the fuel cell.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 has at least one low-temperature fuel cell 2, wherein as a rule many such fuel cells are combined to form a so-called fuel cell stack.
  • A is the anode side
  • K is the cathode side
  • C is a coolant compartment.
  • the system according to FIG. 1 can serve, for example, as a drive system for a vehicle not shown further.
  • the cathode-side supply line 3 is divided by a control valve 4 into a first 3a and a second branch line 3b, wherein both branch lines 3a and 3b by a compact Konditionier disturbed 7 - with respect to the division of the partial flows in the branch lines 3a and 3b controllable - moistening 5 and a controllable heat exchanger 6 are guided.
  • the heat exchanger 6 is integrated into a coolant circuit 9 of the fuel cell 2, wherein the coolant flow flows through the coolant compartment C of the fuel cell 2.
  • the coolant circuit 9 has a heat exchanger 6 immediate, controlled by means of the valve 12 by-pass 10, with which the heat exchanger 6 passing portion of the coolant is adjustable. After exiting the heat exchanger 6, the recombined coolant enters a Cooler 13, for example an air / water cooler, and is led back into the coolant compartment C of the fuel cell (see route * - *).
  • a Cooler 13 for example an air / water cooler
  • the moistening device 5 and the heat exchanger 6 form a compact conditioning unit 7, comprising a first flow chamber Cl which is connected to the first branch line 3a of the cathode-side supply line 3 on the input and output sides, a second flow chamber C2 connected to the second branch line 3b of the cathode side Feed line, a third flow chamber C3, connected to the cathode-side discharge line 8 and a fourth flow chamber C4, connected to the coolant circuit 9 of the fuel cell 2, all flow chambers Cl to C4 are in thermal contact with each other and the second flow chamber C2 of the third flow chamber C3 through a membrane 11 permitting humidification of the O 2 -containing gas is separated.
  • the membrane 11 is substantially gas-tight, but must be designed to be permeable to water.
  • the membrane may consist of a plastic (nonporous hydrophilic or finely porous and preferably hydrophilic), of ceramic or metal (each finely porous and preferably hydrophilic); Material blends or multilayer material composites are also possible.
  • the individual flow chambers C1 to C4 of the conditioning unit 7 may be arranged in a different (than the illustrated) sequence, only the chambers C2 and C3 should be directly adjacent.
  • the flow rate of the O 2 -containing gas through the fuel cell 2 can be regulated via the power of a compressor arranged upstream of the conditioning unit 7 (humidifier 5 and heat exchanger 6) in the cathode-side supply line 3, preferably via the rotational speed of a compressor 14 and varied within wide ranges become. Irrespective of this, the two partial flows of the O 2 -containing gas and the partial flow of the coolant guided via the heat exchanger 6 can be regulated very rapidly as a function of the operating parameters of the fuel cell or of the fuel cell stack with the aid of the valves 4, 12.
  • the pressure of the O 2 -containing gas in the fuel cell 2 via a in the cathode-side discharge line 8, preferably the output side of the humidifying 5 and the heat exchanger 6, arranged throttle device or an expander 15, for example in combination with a pressure-generating compressor, are regulated.
  • the energy obtained in the expander in the pressure release can be fed directly to the compressor 14, wherein both components can be combined to form a compressor / expander unit.
  • Air flow rate (operation in the compressor 14):
  • Control by varying the compressor power or compressor speed.
  • the partial flows 3 a and 3 b can be set arbitrarily by the control valve 4.
  • Inlet temperature of the air into the fuel cell (operation in the heat exchanger 6 of the conditioning device 7):
  • the partial flow through the chamber C4 of the heat exchanger 6 is selected so that due to the cooling - primarily due to the evaporation of the liquid humidifying water from C3 into C2 - exactly the temperature tw is reached, the rest of the coolant is through the bypass line 10 at led the conditioning 7 past.
  • the outlet temperature tw of the coolant from the heat exchanger 6 simultaneously defines the outlet temperature tw of the humidified air from C2 and that of the tempered, dry air from Cl (the coolant imprints its temperature profile on all media streams through the conditioning device 7).
  • the air can be cooled if necessary at high compressor outlet temperature tk, or if by evaporation sufficient cooling can not be achieved by water (for example, when the air is not to be humidified at all).
  • the two partial flows of the coolant can be arbitrarily set by the flow divider (control valve 12).
  • the cathode exhaust gas exiting C3 (essentially air and water vapor) is maintained at a high temperature level th.
  • the exhaust gas is still saturated with water vapor, since it was only moistened with liquid water.
  • the exhaust gas therefore transports the maximum possible heat flow or enthalpy flow. This reduces the necessary cooling capacity of the coolant cooler 13 for the fuel cell stack.
  • the moisture can be measured with a humidity sensor MI, for example, at the cathode-side inlet into the fuel cell 2, after the union of the two partial flows 3a and 3b, or calculated from the ratio of the two partial flows.
  • the more important for the control temperature tw can be measured with a temperature sensor TI at the outlet of the refrigerant partial flow from the flow chamber C4 of the heat exchanger 6 before the confluence of the bypass line 10 in the coolant circuit.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour le conditionnement d'un gaz à teneur en O2, de préférence de l'air, pour le fonctionnement d'une pile à combustible à basse température (2), de préférence une pile à combustible PEM. Ledit dispositif comporte une conduite d'alimentation (3) côté cathode, acheminant le gaz à teneur en O2, et une conduite de sortie (8) côté cathode évacuant le gaz de cathode, la conduite d'alimentation côté cathode (3) étant divisée par une vanne de régulation (4) en une première (3a) et une seconde (3b) branche et une des branches (3b) passant à travers un dispositif d'humidification (5) soumis à l'action du gaz de cathode. Selon l'invention, la première (3a) et la seconde branche (3b) de la conduite d'alimentation côté cathode (3) passent sur un échangeur thermique réglable, l'échangeur thermique étant intégré dans un circuit de refroidissement de la pile à combustible à basse température.
PCT/AT2007/000149 2006-06-29 2007-03-29 Procédé et dispositif pour le conditionnement d'un gaz à teneur en o2 WO2008000001A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0109906A AT502353B1 (de) 2006-06-29 2006-06-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konditionierung eines o2-hältigen gases
ATA1099/2006 2006-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008000001A1 true WO2008000001A1 (fr) 2008-01-03

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AT (1) AT502353B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008000001A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008089884A1 (fr) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-31 Daimler Ag Dispositif de refroidissement en circuit fermé et d'humidification dans des piles à combustible
WO2011037365A2 (fr) 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Lg Hausys, Ltd. Verre à faible émissivité comprenant une couche diélectrique, et son procédé de production
WO2011058333A1 (fr) 2009-11-16 2011-05-19 Vector Developments Limited Dispositif de réalisation d'image thermique avec boîtier hermétiquement scellé et pressurisé
WO2012010516A1 (fr) 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag Conjugués d'hormone de croissance
EP2472660A1 (fr) * 2010-12-29 2012-07-04 Robert Bosch GmbH Système de cellules combustibles
WO2013035101A1 (fr) 2011-09-11 2013-03-14 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Compositions de mitochondries fonctionnelles et leurs utilisations
WO2014063785A1 (fr) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-01 Daimler Ag Dispositif à soupape pour système de piles à combustible
WO2014173529A2 (fr) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-30 Daimler Ag Dispositif de traitement d'air
DE102014209506A1 (de) 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Volkswagen Ag Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
US9637535B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-02 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. IL-33 antagonists and uses thereof
US9947946B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2018-04-17 Dana Canada Corporation Integrated gas management device for a fuel cell system
WO2019166122A1 (fr) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de pile à combustible
WO2021023573A1 (fr) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de pile à combustible
CN113557619A (zh) * 2019-03-07 2021-10-26 可隆工业株式会社 用于燃料电池的膜加湿器及包括其的燃料电池系统
CN114730898A (zh) * 2020-09-14 2022-07-08 可隆工业株式会社 燃料电池膜加湿器和具有该燃料电池膜加湿器的燃料电池系统
US11951135B2 (en) 2018-07-22 2024-04-09 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Mitochondrial augmentation therapy of muscle diseases
US12239672B2 (en) 2018-07-22 2025-03-04 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Mitochondrial augmentation therapy of ocular diseases

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US20080241606A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Gallagher Emerson R Method and apparatus for humidifying a gas in fuel cell systems
DE102012014110A1 (de) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-23 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102023108806A1 (de) * 2023-04-06 2024-10-10 Purem GmbH Brennstoffzellenabgasanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems

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WO2004017450A2 (fr) * 2002-07-18 2004-02-26 Daimlerchrysler Ag Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux

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EP1369945A2 (fr) * 2002-04-15 2003-12-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Système de piles à combustible
WO2004017450A2 (fr) * 2002-07-18 2004-02-26 Daimlerchrysler Ag Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008089884A1 (fr) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-31 Daimler Ag Dispositif de refroidissement en circuit fermé et d'humidification dans des piles à combustible
WO2011037365A2 (fr) 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Lg Hausys, Ltd. Verre à faible émissivité comprenant une couche diélectrique, et son procédé de production
WO2011058333A1 (fr) 2009-11-16 2011-05-19 Vector Developments Limited Dispositif de réalisation d'image thermique avec boîtier hermétiquement scellé et pressurisé
WO2012010516A1 (fr) 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag Conjugués d'hormone de croissance
EP2472660A1 (fr) * 2010-12-29 2012-07-04 Robert Bosch GmbH Système de cellules combustibles
WO2013035101A1 (fr) 2011-09-11 2013-03-14 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Compositions de mitochondries fonctionnelles et leurs utilisations
US11944642B2 (en) 2011-09-11 2024-04-02 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Compositions of functional mitochondria and uses thereof
WO2014063785A1 (fr) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-01 Daimler Ag Dispositif à soupape pour système de piles à combustible
US9637535B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-02 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. IL-33 antagonists and uses thereof
WO2014173529A2 (fr) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-30 Daimler Ag Dispositif de traitement d'air
WO2014173529A3 (fr) * 2013-04-25 2014-12-31 Daimler Ag Dispositif de traitement d'air
US9947946B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2018-04-17 Dana Canada Corporation Integrated gas management device for a fuel cell system
DE102014209506A1 (de) 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Volkswagen Ag Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
WO2019166122A1 (fr) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de pile à combustible
US11951135B2 (en) 2018-07-22 2024-04-09 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Mitochondrial augmentation therapy of muscle diseases
US12239672B2 (en) 2018-07-22 2025-03-04 Minovia Therapeutics Ltd. Mitochondrial augmentation therapy of ocular diseases
CN113557619A (zh) * 2019-03-07 2021-10-26 可隆工业株式会社 用于燃料电池的膜加湿器及包括其的燃料电池系统
EP3937284A4 (fr) * 2019-03-07 2023-08-09 Kolon Industries, Inc. Humidificateur de membrane pour pile à combustible et pile à combustible équipée dudit humidificateur
US11831047B2 (en) 2019-03-07 2023-11-28 Kolon Industries, Inc. Membrane humidifier for fuel cell, and fuel cell system comprising same
CN113557619B (zh) * 2019-03-07 2024-12-17 可隆工业株式会社 用于燃料电池的膜加湿器及包括其的燃料电池系统
WO2021023573A1 (fr) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de pile à combustible
CN114730898A (zh) * 2020-09-14 2022-07-08 可隆工业株式会社 燃料电池膜加湿器和具有该燃料电池膜加湿器的燃料电池系统

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Publication number Publication date
AT502353A1 (de) 2007-03-15
AT502353B1 (de) 2007-07-15

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